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Shcherban' EM, Stel'makh SA, Mailyan LR, Beskopylny AN, Smolyanichenko AS, Chernil'nik A, Elshaeva D, Beskopylny N. Analytical Review of the Current State of Technology, Structure Formation, and Properties of Variatropic Centrifugally Compacted Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1889. [PMID: 38673247 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Current regulatory documents and the scientific literature lack a theoretical framework and practical guidance for calculating centrifugally compacted reinforced concrete structures, taking into account the variatropy of their structure and the material's characteristics across the section. A problem related to this research lies in the need to form a systematized, theoretical, and practical knowledge base about variatropic concretes, the importance of which has been proven by various scientists without, to date, the creation of a unified scientific methodological base. The importance of this study is linked to the need for the world's construction projects and processes to transition to the most economically, materially, and resource-efficient types of building structures, which, of course, include structures made of variable-type concrete. This study's objective is to fill these scientific and engineering gaps. The purpose of this study was to systematize the existing knowledge base about the technology, structure formation, and properties of variatropic concrete, using an analytical review of previously conducted studies by ourselves and others, both in Russia and abroad. A theoretical justification for the formation of the structure of variatropic materials is presented. An analysis of the basic physical and mechanical properties of variatropic concretes is carried out and the features of their microstructures are considered. The main structures created using centrifugation technology are considered. Variatropic concrete has an increased amount of mechanical characteristics compared to traditional concrete, on average by up to 45%. The durability of variatropic concrete is improved, on average, by up to 30% compared to conventional concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii M Shcherban'
- Department of Engineering Geology, Bases, and Foundations, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Sergey A Stel'makh
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Levon R Mailyan
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexey N Beskopylny
- Department of Transport Systems, Faculty of Roads and Transport Systems, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alla S Smolyanichenko
- Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Andrei Chernil'nik
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Diana Elshaeva
- Department of Unique Buildings and Constructions Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Nikita Beskopylny
- Department Hardware and Software Engineering, Don State Technical University, 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Kravets VG, Clark TK. An experimentally informed computational model of neurovestibular adaptation to altered gravity. Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38625533 DOI: 10.1113/ep091817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Transitions to altered gravity environments result in acute sensorimotor impairment for astronauts, leading to serious mission and safety risks in the crucial first moments in a new setting. Our understanding of the time course and severity of impairment in the early stages of adaptation remains limited and confounded by unmonitored head movements, which are likely to impact the rate of adaptation. Here, we aimed to address this gap by using a human centrifuge to simulate the first hour of hypergravity (1.5g) exposure and the subsequent 1g readaptation period, with precisely controlled head tilt activity. We quantified head tilt overestimation via subjective visual vertical and found ∼30% tilt overestimation that did not decrease over the course of 1 h of exposure to the simulated gravity environment. These findings extended the floor of the vestibular adaptation window (with controlled vestibular cueing) to 1 h of exposure to altered gravity. We then used the empirical data to inform a computational model of neurovestibular adaptation to changes in the magnitude of gravity, which can offer insight into the adaptation process and, with further tuning, can be used to predict the temporal dynamics of vestibular-mediated misperceptions in altered gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Kravets
- Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Torin K Clark
- Ann and H.J. Smead Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Tachatos N, Willms JF, Gerlt MS, Kuruvithadam K, Hugelshofer M, Akeret K, Deuel J, Keller E, Schmid Daners M. OxyHbMeter-a novel bedside medical device for monitoring cell-free hemoglobin in the cerebrospinal fluid-proof of principle. Front Med Technol 2024; 6:1274058. [PMID: 38666067 PMCID: PMC11043468 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2024.1274058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) occurs in up to one third of patients suffering from aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Untreated, it leads to secondary cerebral infarctions and is frequently associated with death or severe disability. After aneurysm rupture, erythrocytes in the subarachnoid space lyse and liberate free hemoglobin (Hb), a key driver for the development of DCI. Hemoglobin in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-Hb) can be analyzed through a two-step procedure of centrifugation to exclude intact erythrocytes and subsequent spectrophotometric quantification. This analysis can only be done in specialized laboratories but not at the bedside in the intensive care unit. This limits the number of tests done, increases the variability of the results and restricts accuracy. Bedside measurements of CSF-Hb as a biomarker with a point of care diagnostic test system would allow for a continuous monitoring for the risk of DCI in the individual patient. In this study, a microfluidic chip was explored that allows to continuously separate blood particles from CSF or plasma based on acoustophoresis. An in vitro test bench was developed to test in-line measurements with the developed microfluidic chip and a spectrometer. The proof of principle for a continuous particle separation device has been established with diluted blood and CSF samples from animals and aSAH patients, respectively. Processing 1 mL of blood in our microfluidic device was achieved within around 70 min demonstrating only minor deviations from the gold standard centrifugation (7% average error of patient samples), while saving several hours of processing time and additionally the reduction of deviations in the results due to manual labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tachatos
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jan Folkard Willms
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kiran Kuruvithadam
- Product Development Group Zurich, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Hugelshofer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Akeret
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Deuel
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology Clinic, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Keller
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Schmid Daners
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Institute for Dynamic Systems and Control, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen J, Tian J, Feng N, Ning L, Wang D, Zhao B, Guo T, Song J, Rojas OJ. Monodispersed Renewable Particles by Cascade and Density Gradient Size Fractionation to Advance Lignin Nanotechnologies. Small 2024:e2309756. [PMID: 38602191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Control over particle size and shape heterogeneity is highly relevant to the design of photonic coatings and supracolloidal assemblies. Most developments in the area have relied on mineral and petroleum-derived polymers that achieve well-defined chemical and dimensional characteristics. Unfortunately, it is challenging to attain such control when considering renewable nanoparticles. Herein, a pathway toward selectable biobased particle size and physicochemical profiles is proposed. Specifically, lignin is fractionated, a widely available heterogeneous polymer that can be dissolved in aqueous solution, to obtain a variety of monodispersed particle fractions. A two-stage cascade and density gradient centrifugation that relieves the need for solvent pre-extraction or other pretreatments but achieves particle bins of uniform size (~60 to 860 nm and polydispersity, PDI<0.06, dynamic light scattering) along with characteristic surface chemical features is introduced. It is found that the properties and associated colloidal behavior of the particles are suitably classified in distinctive size populations, namely, i) nanoscale (50-100 nm), ii) photonic (100-300 nm) and iii) near-micron (300-1000 nm). The strong correlation that exists between size and physicochemical characteristics (molar mass, surface charge, bonding and functional groups, among others) is introduced as a powerful pathway to identify nanotechnological uses that benefit from the functionality and cost-effectiveness of biogenic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Chen
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jing Tian
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Nianjie Feng
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China
| | - Like Ning
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, the affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Tianyu Guo
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Kim KY, An SH, Lee JU. Study on the Effect of Residual Polymer Superplasticizer on the Properties of Graphene-Cement Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:956. [PMID: 38611214 PMCID: PMC11013087 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene, renowned for its exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, is being explored as a cement nanofiller in the construction field. However, the limited water dispersibility of graphene requires the use of polymer superplasticizers, such as polycarboxylate ether (PCE). Previous studies have investigated the mechanisms by which PCE facilitates the dispersion of graphene within cement nanocomposites. However, such studies have made minimal progress, indicating a lack of understanding of the effect of residual PCE (rPCE) remaining in aqueous solution without binding to graphene. In this study, the effects of rPCE on the dispersion of graphene and the mechanical properties of graphene-cement composites (GCCs) were systematically analyzed. For this purpose, the content of rPCE was accurately measured through the centrifugation process and thermal analysis of graphene dispersion with PCE, and the result was 78.0 wt.% compared to graphene. The optical microscopy, particle size analysis, and contact angle measurement of the graphene dispersions with and without rPCE confirmed that rPCE is crucial for the dispersion of graphene and the enhancement of the interfacial affinity between graphene and cement. Additionally, the compressive strength of GCC with rPCE exhibited a substantial enhancement of approximately 10% (68.36 MPa) compared to plain cement (62.33 MPa). The effectiveness of rPCE in enhancing compressive strength correlated with the uniform dispersion of graphene within GCC and the promotion of cement hydration, as evidenced by field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jea Uk Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (K.Y.K.); (S.H.A.)
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An SH, Kim KY, Lee JU. Reinforcement of Cement Nanocomposites through Optimization of Mixing Ratio between Carbon Nanotube and Polymer Dispersing Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:428. [PMID: 38337317 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), known for their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, are being explored as cement nanofillers in the construction field. However, due to the limited water dispersion of CNTs, polymer dispersing agents like polycarboxylate ether (PCE) and sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde (SNF) are essential for uniform dispersion. In a previous study, PCE and SNF, common cement superplasticizers, effectively dispersed CNTs in cement nanocomposites. However, uncertainties remained regarding the extent to which all dispersing agents interacted efficiently with CNTs. Therefore, this research quantitatively assessed CNT interaction with dispersing agents through dispersion and centrifugation. Approximately 37% of PCE and 50% of SNF persisted compared to CNT after centrifugation. The resulting cement nanocomposites, with optimized mixing ratios, exhibited enhanced compressive strength of about 14% for CNT/PCE (78.13 MPa) and 12.3% for CNT/SNF (76.97 MPa) compared to plain cement (68.52 MPa). XRD results linked strength reinforcement to increased cement hydrate from optimized CNT dispersion. FE-SEM analysis revealed that CNTs were positioned within the pores of the cement. These optimized cement nanocomposites hold promise for improved safety in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hwan An
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yun Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Uk Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of Korea
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Andrei CR, Posastiuc FP, Constantin NT, Mitrea IL. New insights into semen separation techniques in buffaloes. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1347482. [PMID: 38269362 PMCID: PMC10806153 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1347482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Male infertility is frequently caused by idiopathic or unexplained reasons, resulting in an increase in demand for assisted reproductive technologies. In buffaloes, more than in other animals due to reproductive hardiness, successful fertilization needs spermatozoa to effectively transit the female reproductive system to reach the oocyte. This mechanism naturally picks high-quality sperm cells for conception, but when artificial reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or intrauterine insemination are utilized, alternative techniques of sperm selection are necessary. Currently, technology allows for sperm sorting based on motility, maturity, the lack of apoptotic components, proper morphology, and even sex. This study provides current knowledge on all known techniques of sperm cell sorting in buffaloes, evaluates their efficiency, and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crina Raluca Andrei
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Petrișor Posastiuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Nicolae Tiberiu Constantin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
- Research and Development Institute for Bovine Balotești, Balotești, Romania
| | - Ioan Liviu Mitrea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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Cl K, Jeyaraman M, Jeyaraman N, Ramasubramanian S, Khanna M, Yadav S. Antimicrobial Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin: A Scoping Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e51360. [PMID: 38292974 PMCID: PMC10825076 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), derived from the centrifugation and subsequent separation of whole blood, results in an unusually high concentration of platelets. A newer form of platelet concentrate, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), has also been developed. There has been significant research into the therapeutic effects of PRP, particularly in enhancing wound healing and preventing infections in surgical wounds. This scoping review aims to thoroughly evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the antimicrobial effects of PRP and PRF. In conducting this review, 612 records were examined, and 36 articles were selected for inclusion. The studies reviewed include preclinical research, such as in-vitro and in-vivo studies, and clinical trials involving human participants. The current clinical evidence suggests a notable trend towards the antimicrobial capabilities of PRP and PRF, underscoring their potential benefits in treating wounds. The application of PRP and PRF in wound management shows encouraging outcomes, but further investigation is needed to optimize their use as antimicrobial agents. Additional research, particularly randomized controlled trials, is essential to substantiate their antimicrobial effectiveness in specific diseases and types of wounds, considering their potential impact on clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Cl
- Orthopaedics, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Orthopaedics, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Dr. MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND
| | | | - Manish Khanna
- Orthopaedics, Autonomous State Medical College, Ayodhya, IND
| | - Sankalp Yadav
- Internal Medicine, Shri Madan Lal Khurana Chest Clinic, New Delhi, IND
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Legiawati L, Yusharyahya SN, Bernadette I, Novianto E, Priyanto MH, Gliselda KC, Iriyanty S, Mutiara R. Comparing Single-spin Versus Double-spin Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) Centrifugation Methods on Thrombocyte Count and Clinical Improvement of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Preliminary, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 2023; 16:39-44. [PMID: 38125672 PMCID: PMC10729807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely known as an alternative therapy for androgenetic alopecia (AGA); however, there is no standardized method for its preparation and application. This study aims to compare the thrombocyte count elevation and clinical AGA improvements between single- and double-spin PRP preparation methods. Methods This preliminary, double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 30 male subjects with AGA aged 25 to 59 years with Hamilton-Norwood stages III to VI. Subjects were divided into a single-spin group (3,000rpm for 15 minutes) and a double-spin group (first spinning at 1,500rpm for 6 minutes, continuing at 2,500rpm for 15 minutes). The study was conducted for six weeks, with a two-week visit interval. Baseline and PRP thrombocyte counts were assessed on the initial appointment. A total of 1cc of PRP was intradermally injected into a 6×4cm predetermined area, administered at Weeks 0, 2, and 4. At every visit, clinical progress was assessed by overall hair appearance, photography, trichoscopy, and trichoscan. All subjects were instructed to use minoxidil twice daily during the study. This study has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID No. NCT05681897). Results Both groups increased thrombocyte counts by 4 to 5 times from their initial levels; however, the increase in the single-spin group was more significant. Significant improvements were observed in both groups, including hair density, hair rate, and hair count of anagen, telogen, vellus, and terminal hair. Limitations Limitations include lack of placebo or vehicle control. Conclusion Both PRP preparation methods significantly raise thrombocyte counts, substantially improve nearly all hair parameters, and have tremendous therapeutic promise for treating AGA. Clinicians may designate one of the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Legiawati
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Shannaz Nadia Yusharyahya
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Irma Bernadette
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endi Novianto
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mufqi Handaru Priyanto
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Keneyzia Carla Gliselda
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Septiana Iriyanty
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rizka Mutiara
- All authors are with Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia
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Sebastian M, Goldrick S, Cheeks M, Turner R, Farid SS. Enhanced harvest performance predictability through advanced multivariate data analysis of mammalian cell culture particle size distribution. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37916475 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The industry's pursuit for higher antibody production has led to increased cell density cultures that impact the performance of subsequent product recovery steps. This increase in cell concentration has highlighted the critical role of solids concentration in centrifugation yield, while recent product degradation cases have shed light on the impact of cell lysis on product quality. Current methods for measuring solids concentration and cell lysis are not suited for early-stage high-throughput experimentation, which means that these cell culture outputs are not well characterized in early process development. This article describes a novel approach that leveraged the data from a widely-used automated cell counter (Vi-CELL™ XR) to accurately predict solids concentration and a common cell lysis indicator represented as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. For this purpose, partial least squares (PLS) models were derived with k-fold cross-validation from the particle size distribution data generated by the cell counter. The PLS models showed good predictive potential for both LDH release and solids concentration. This novel approach reduced the time required for evaluating the solids concentration and LDH for a typical high-throughput cell culture system (with 48 bioreactors in parallel) from around 7 h down to a few minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sebastian
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Goldrick
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Cheeks
- Cell Culture & Fermentation Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Turner
- Purification Process Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suzanne S Farid
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Salgado-Peralvo ÁO, Kewalramani N, Pérez-Jardón A, Pato-Mourelo J, Castro-Calderón A, Arriba-Fuente L, Pérez-Sayáns M. Understanding Solid-Based Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrices in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: An Integrative Review of the Critical Protocol Factors and Their Influence on the Final Product. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:1903. [PMID: 38003952 PMCID: PMC10673335 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a second-generation platelet concentrate whose use in clinical practice has been widely disseminated. This has led to the development of several commercial protocols, creating great confusion as to the terminology and implications of each of them. This integrative review aims to identify the critical factors of each of the phases of the solid-based PRF matrix protocol and their possible influence on their macro- and microscopic characteristics. An electronic search of the MEDLINE database (via PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and OpenGrey was carried out. The search was temporarily restricted from 2001 to 2022. After searching, 43 studies were included that met the established criteria. There were numerous factors to consider in the PRF protocol, such as the material of the blood collection tubes, the duration of phlebotomy, the parameters related to blood centrifugation, the time from centrifugation to dehydration of the fibrin clots and their dehydration into membranes, as well as the time to clinical use. These factors influenced the macro- and microscopic characteristics of the PRF and its physical properties, so knowledge of these factors allows for the production of optimised PRF by combining the protocols and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel-Orión Salgado-Peralvo
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.A.-F.)
| | - Naresh Kewalramani
- Department of Nursery and Stomatology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alba Pérez-Jardón
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-J.); (J.P.-M.)
| | - Jesús Pato-Mourelo
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-J.); (J.P.-M.)
| | - Adriana Castro-Calderón
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.A.-F.)
| | - Lorenzo Arriba-Fuente
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.-C.); (L.A.-F.)
| | - Mario Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-J.); (J.P.-M.)
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12
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Bettera L, Alinovi M, D’Incecco P, Gatti M, Carini E, Pellegrino L, Bancalari E. Investigating Structural Defects in Extra Hard Cheese Produced from Low-Temperature Centrifugation of Milk. Foods 2023; 12:3302. [PMID: 37685233 PMCID: PMC10487068 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated some physico-chemical and microbiological traits of 20-month ripened hard cheeses produced from low-temperature high-speed centrifuged raw milk that developed a structural defect consisting of eyes or slits in the paste. Cheeses obtained using the same process and that did not develop the defect were used as controls. The colour, texture, moisture, water activity, proton molecular mobility, microstructure, extent of proteolysis, and viable microorganisms have been evaluated in all the cheese samples, and the significant differences between the defective and non-defective cheeses have been critically discussed. At a microstructural level, the defects caused fat coalescence and an unevenly organised protein matrix with small cracks in the proximity of the openings. The different fat organisation was correlated to a different transverse relaxation time of 1H population relaxing at higher times. The textural and colour features were not different from those of the control cheeses and were comparable with those reported in the literature for other long-ripened hard cheeses. On the other hand, the defective cheeses showed a higher moisture level and lower lactobacilli and total mesophilic bacteria concentrations, but the microbial origin of the defect remains an open hypothesis that deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bettera
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Marcello Alinovi
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo D’Incecco
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (E.B.)
- SITEIA.PARMA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Carini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (E.B.)
- SITEIA.PARMA Interdepartmental Centre, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luisa Pellegrino
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (P.D.); (L.P.)
| | - Elena Bancalari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (E.B.)
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13
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Graciani JCAOR, Rahal SC, Silva WM, Moroz I, Fonseca-Alves CE, Govoni VM, Kano WT. Histological, Immunohistochemical, Biomechanical, and Wettability Evaluations of the Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes Derived from Canine Blood. J Vet Dent 2023; 40:212-219. [PMID: 36726327 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231152594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to perform histological, immunohistochemical, biomechanical, and wettability assessments of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) membranes obtained from the blood of healthy dogs. Ten client-owned Labrador Retriever dogs were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained from the external jugular vein using a vacuum tube without anticoagulant, which was immediately centrifuged at 400g for 12 min in a dedicated centrifuge. The L-PRF clot was removed from the tube, and the red clot was released from the buffy coat using a spatula. The membrane was produced using a PRF box. Histological examination identified the three portions of the L-PRF membranes. The first portion was composed mainly of red blood cells with the presence of a low number of leukocytes among them. The second portion was composed of white blood cells, mainly neutrophils. The third portion was composed of the fibrin network which was characterized by acidophilic staining. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor were expressed in all samples at different intensities, both in cellular components and fibrin mesh. The tensile test and wettability assessments were measured in membranes 30 min and 3 h after production. The 30 min L-PRF membranes supported twice the ultimate tensile strength compared to 3 h L-PRF membranes. The wettability of the 30 min sample membranes was statistically higher than the 3 h sample membranes. In conclusion, the centrifugation protocol allowed production of the L-PRF membrane using canine blood and this was confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The mechanical resistance and wettability of the L-PRF membrane were significantly reduced over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane C A O R Graciani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Rahal
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - William M Silva
- Material Science and Engineering Laboratory - IBTEC, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ivan Moroz
- Laboratory of Solid Residues and Composites - RESIDUALL UNESP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Verônica M Govoni
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Washington T Kano
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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14
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Chu CH, Burentugs E, Lee D, Owens JM, Liu R, Frazier AB, Sarioglu AF. Centrifugation-Assisted Three-Dimensional Printing of Devices Embedded with Fully Enclosed Microchannels. 3D Print Addit Manuf 2023; 10:609-618. [PMID: 37609578 PMCID: PMC10440665 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The challenges in reliably removing the sacrificial material from fully enclosed microfluidic channels hinder the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing to create microfluidic devices with intricate geometries. With advances in printer resolution, the etching of sacrificial materials from increasingly smaller channels is poised to be a bottleneck using the existing techniques. In this study, we introduce a microfabrication approach that utilizes centrifugation to effortlessly and efficiently remove the sacrificial materials from 3D-printed microfluidic devices with densely packed microfeatures. We characterize the process by measuring the etch rate under different centrifugal forces and developed a theoretical model to estimate process parameters for a given geometry. The effect of the device layout on the centrifugal etching process is also investigated. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach on devices fabricated using inkjet 3D printing and stereolithography. Finally, the advantages of the introduced approach over commonly used injection-based etching of sacrificial material are experimentally demonstrated in direct comparisons. A robust method to postprocess additively manufactured geometries composed of intricate microfluidic channels can help utilize both the large printing volume and high spatial resolution afforded by 3D printing in creating a variety of devices ranging from scaffolds to large-scale microfluidic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Heng Chu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Enerelt Burentugs
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dohwan Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jacob M. Owens
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ruxiu Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Albert B. Frazier
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - A. Fatih Sarioglu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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15
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Sugai N, Werre S, Cecere J, Balogh O. Defining an Optimal Range of Centrifugation Parameters for Canine Semen Processing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081421. [PMID: 37106983 PMCID: PMC10135290 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine a clinically relevant range of centrifugation parameters for processing canine semen. We hypothesized that higher gravitational (g) force and longer time of centrifugation would result in improved spermatozoa recovery rate (RR) but poorer semen quality. Cooled storage under standard shipping conditions was used as a stressor to evaluate long-term treatment effects. Individual ejaculates collected from 14 healthy dogs were split into six treatment groups (400 g, 720 g, and 900 g for 5 or 10 min). Sperm RR (%) was calculated post-centrifugation, and plasma membrane integrity (%, Nucleocounter® SP-100™), total and progressive motility (%, subjective and computer-assisted sperm analysis), and morphology (%, eosin-nigrosin staining) were assessed on initial raw semen (T0), post-centrifugation (T1), and 24 h (T2) and 48 h (T3) after cooling. Sperm losses were minimal, and RRs were similar across treatment groups (median >98%, p ≥ 0.062). Spermatozoa membrane integrity was not different between centrifugation groups at any time point (p ≥ 0.38) but declined significantly during cooling (T1 vs. T2/T3, p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, total and progressive motility did not differ across treatments but declined in all groups from T1 to T3 (p ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, our study showed that centrifugation within a range of 400 g-900 g for 5-10 min is appropriate for processing canine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sugai
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Stephen Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Julie Cecere
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Orsolya Balogh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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16
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Zhang Y, Obuchi H, Toyota T. A Practical Guide to Preparation and Applications of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles Formed via Centrifugation of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Droplets. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:440. [PMID: 37103867 PMCID: PMC10144487 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Giant vesicles (GVs), which are closed lipid bilayer membranes with a diameter of more than 1 μm, have attracted attention not only as model cell membranes but also for the construction of artificial cells. For encapsulating water-soluble materials and/or water-dispersible particles or functionalizing membrane proteins and/or other synthesized amphiphiles, giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) have been applied in various fields, such as supramolecular chemistry, soft matter physics, life sciences, and bioengineering. In this review, we focus on a preparation technique for GUVs that encapsulate water-soluble materials and/or water-dispersible particles. It is based on the centrifugation of a water-in-oil emulsion layered on water and does not require special equipment other than a centrifuge, which makes it the first choice for laboratory use. Furthermore, we review recent studies on GUV-based artificial cells prepared using this technique and discuss their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Zhang
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Haruto Obuchi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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17
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Dubayle D, Vanden-Bossche A, Peixoto T, Morel JL. Hypergravity Increases Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability to Fluorescent Dextran and Antisense Oligonucleotide in Mice. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050734. [PMID: 36899870 PMCID: PMC10000817 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The earliest effect of spaceflight is an alteration in vestibular function due to microgravity. Hypergravity exposure induced by centrifugation is also able to provoke motion sickness. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the crucial interface between the vascular system and the brain to ensure efficient neuronal activity. We developed experimental protocols of hypergravity on C57Bl/6JRJ mice to induce motion sickness and reveal its effects on the BBB. Mice were centrifuged at 2× g for 24 h. Fluorescent dextrans with different sizes (40, 70 and 150 kDa) and fluorescent antisense oligonucleotides (AS) were injected into mice retro-orbitally. The presence of fluorescent molecules was revealed by epifluorescence and confocal microscopies in brain slices. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR from brain extracts. Only the 70 kDa dextran and AS were detected in the parenchyma of several brain regions, suggesting an alteration in the BBB. Moreover, Ctnnd1, Gja4 and Actn1 were upregulated, whereas Jup, Tjp2, Gja1, Actn2, Actn4, Cdh2 and Ocln genes were downregulated, specifically suggesting a dysregulation in the tight junctions of endothelial cells forming the BBB. Our results confirm the alteration in the BBB after a short period of hypergravity exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dubayle
- CNRS, INCC, UMR 8002, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Arnaud Vanden-Bossche
- INSERM, SAINBIOSE U1059, Mines Saint-Etienne, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, F-42023 Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Tom Peixoto
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Luc Morel
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence: (D.D.); (J.-L.M.)
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18
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Kim YG, Park S, Kim SH. Centrifugation-Assisted Growth of Single-Crystalline Grains in Microcapsules. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2782-2791. [PMID: 36648203 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal crystals have been tailored in a format of microspheres to use them as a building block to construct macroscopic photonic surfaces. However, the polycrystalline grains grown from the spherical surface usually exhibit low reflectivity. Although single-crystalline microspheres have been produced, it is difficult to control the crystal orientation. Here, we design spherical microcapsules with density anisotropy that contain single-crystalline grains along the heavy side. The microcapsules spontaneously align to have a heavy side down under the action of gravity and display a bright and uniform reflection color from the entire surface of the grains. Key to the success is the use of gentle centrifugal force to initiate nucleation and grow single-crystalline grains from the heavy side through depletion attraction. The microcapsules have density anisotropy due to the heterogeneity of the shell thickness, which causes them to self-align under centrifugation. At the same time, particles are accumulated on the heavy side, which produces many tiny grains on the heavy side immediately after the centrifugation. With controlled depletion attraction among particles, only a few grains survive during postincubation through Ostwald ripening, and one or a few giant single-crystalline grains are finally produced along the heavy side of each microcapsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Geon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
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19
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Troha K, Vozel D, Arko M, Bedina Zavec A, Dolinar D, Hočevar M, Jan Z, Kisovec M, Kocjančič B, Pađen L, Pajnič M, Penič S, Romolo A, Repar N, Spasovski V, Steiner N, Šuštar V, Iglič A, Drobne D, Kogej K, Battelino S, Kralj-Iglič V. Autologous Platelet and Extracellular Vesicle-Rich Plasma as Therapeutic Fluid: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3420. [PMID: 36834843 PMCID: PMC9959846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The preparation of autologous platelet and extracellular vesicle-rich plasma (PVRP) has been explored in many medical fields with the aim to benefit from its healing potential. In parallel, efforts are being invested to understand the function and dynamics of PVRP that is complex in its composition and interactions. Some clinical evidence reveals beneficial effects of PVRP, while some report that there were no effects. To optimize the preparation methods, functions and mechanisms of PVRP, its constituents should be better understood. With the intention to promote further studies of autologous therapeutic PVRP, we performed a review on some topics regarding PVRP composition, harvesting, assessment and preservation, and also on clinical experience following PVRP application in humans and animals. Besides the acknowledged actions of platelets, leukocytes and different molecules, we focus on extracellular vesicles that were found abundant in PVRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Troha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Domen Vozel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Arko
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Apolonija Bedina Zavec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubjana, Slovenia
| | - Drago Dolinar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Zaloška 9, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- MD-RI Institute for Materials Research in Medicine, Bohoričeva 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Institute of Metals and Technology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Zala Jan
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matic Kisovec
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubjana, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Kocjančič
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre, Zaloška 9, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ljubiša Pađen
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Pajnič
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Penič
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anna Romolo
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Repar
- University of Ljubljana, Research Group for Nanobiology and Nanotoxicology, Biotechnical Faculty, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vesna Spasovski
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nejc Steiner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Šuštar
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- University of Ljubljana, Research Group for Nanobiology and Nanotoxicology, Biotechnical Faculty, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ksenija Kogej
- University of Ljubljana, Chair of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saba Battelino
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Kralj-Iglič
- University of Ljubljana, Laboratory of Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Health Sciences, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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Vahlensieck C, Thiel CS, Mosimann M, Bradley T, Caldana F, Polzer J, Lauber BA, Ullrich O. Transcriptional Response in Human Jurkat T Lymphocytes to a near Physiological Hypergravity Environment and to One Common in Routine Cell Culture Protocols. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021351. [PMID: 36674869 PMCID: PMC9863927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular effects of hypergravity have been described in many studies. We investigated the transcriptional dynamics in Jurkat T cells between 20 s and 60 min of 9 g hypergravity and characterized a highly dynamic biphasic time course of gene expression response with a transition point between rapid adaptation and long-term response at approximately 7 min. Upregulated genes were shifted towards the center of the nuclei, whereby downregulated genes were shifted towards the periphery. Upregulated gene expression was mostly located on chromosomes 16-22. Protein-coding transcripts formed the majority with more than 90% of all differentially expressed genes and followed a continuous trend of downregulation, whereas retained introns demonstrated a biphasic time-course. The gene expression pattern of hypergravity response was not comparable with other stress factors such as oxidative stress, heat shock or inflammation. Furthermore, we tested a routine centrifugation protocol that is widely used to harvest cells for subsequent RNA analysis and detected a huge impact on the transcriptome compared to non-centrifuged samples, which did not return to baseline within 15 min. Thus, we recommend carefully studying the response of any cell types used for any experiments regarding the hypergravity time and levels applied during cell culture procedures and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vahlensieck
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cora Sandra Thiel
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Space Life Sciences Laboratory (SLSL), Kennedy Space Center, 505 Odyssey Way, Exploration Park, FL 32953, USA
- UZH Space Hub, Air Force Center, Air Base Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 270, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (C.S.T.); (O.U.)
| | - Meret Mosimann
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Bradley
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Caldana
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Polzer
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Astrid Lauber
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Ullrich
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Machine Design, Engineering Design and Product Development, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Space Life Sciences Laboratory (SLSL), Kennedy Space Center, 505 Odyssey Way, Exploration Park, FL 32953, USA
- UZH Space Hub, Air Force Center, Air Base Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 270, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule (EAH) Jena, Department of Industrial Engineering, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (C.S.T.); (O.U.)
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21
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Niu Y, Zhao Y, Shi F, Li M, Zhang S, Yang J, Zong S, Tao J. An Efficient and Simple Method for Collecting Haemolymph of Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera) Adults. Insects 2022; 14:29. [PMID: 36661957 PMCID: PMC9863847 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerambycid beetles (Cerambycidae) are major forest pests, posing a serious threat to the security of forest resources worldwide. Extensive research has focused on the control of cerambycid beetles from physiological and biochemical perspectives. Despite the important roles of insect haemolymph in physiological processes, efficient collection methods for Cerambycidae are lacking. For the efficient and easy collection of large amounts of pure haemolymph from adult cerambycid beetles, a new method, named net centrifugation, was developed. Three species of cerambycid beetles with large differences in size, Anoplophora chinensis, Monochamus saltuarius and Saperda populnea, were selected for the study. Haemolymph was collected by the newly developed net centrifugation method-in which an inner nylon net is used during centrifugation under optimised conditions, and a relatively small wound is generated on the insect-as well as the traditional tearing method and double centrifugation method. Among the three methods evaluated, the net centrifugation method caused the least damage to cerambycid beetles during the whole operation. This method resulted in the most haemolymph from a single beetle, with the lowest turbidity, mostly pure haemocytes in the precipitate, the clearest haemolymph smears by microscopy and the highest quality of RNA extracted from haemocytes. The net centrifugation method has a high collection efficiency, providing important technical support for haemolymph extraction and entomological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fengming Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jinglin Yang
- Mentougou Forestry Station, Beijing 102308, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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22
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Krzek M, Stroobants S, Gelin P, De Malsche W, Maes D. Influence of Centrifugation and Shaking on the Self-Assembly of Lysozyme Fibrils. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121746. [PMID: 36551175 PMCID: PMC9775142 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein self-assembly into fibrils and oligomers plays a key role in the etiology of degenerative diseases. Several pathways for this self-assembly process have been described and shown to result in different types and ratios of final assemblies, therewith defining the effective physiological response. Known factors that influence assembly pathways are chemical conditions and the presence or lack of agitation. However, in natural and industrial systems, proteins are exposed to a sequence of different and often complex mass transfers. In this paper, we compare the effect of two fundamentally different mass transfer processes on the fibrilization process. Aggregation-prone solutions of hen egg white lysozyme were subjected to predominantly non-advective mass transfer by employing centrifugation and to advective mass transport represented by orbital shaking. In both cases, fibrilization was triggered, while in quiescent only oligomers were formed. The fibrils obtained by shaking compared to fibrils obtained through centrifugation were shorter, thicker, and more rigid. They had rod-like protofibrils as building blocks and a significantly higher β-sheet content was observed. In contrast, fibrils from centrifugation were more flexible and braided. They consisted of intertwined filaments and had low β-sheet content at the expense of random coil. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a fibrilization pathway selectivity, with the fibrilization route determined by the mass transfer and mixing configuration (shaking versus centrifugation). This selectivity can be potentially employed for directed protein fibrilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Krzek
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander Stroobants
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Gelin
- μFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim De Malsche
- μFlow Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Maes
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Hundhammer T, Gruber M, Wittmann S. Paralytic Impact of Centrifugation on Human Neutrophils. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112896. [PMID: 36428463 PMCID: PMC9687505 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrifugation is a common step in most of the popular protocols for the isolation of neutrophils from whole blood. Inconsistent results from previous studies on neutrophils may originate from an underestimation of the centrifugation effect, as in consequence impaired, not native cells, being investigated. We hypothesize, that centrifugation significantly impairs major neutrophil functions. However, there is no data yet whether the application of g-force itself or the product of g-force and duration of centrifugation (="g-time") defines the impact on neutrophils. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood via centrifugation with different g-times and subsequently analyzed via live cell imaging for migration, as well as via flow cytometry for oxidative burst and surface antigen expression. Chemotactic migration was significantly reduced with increasing g-time. Oxidative burst decreased likewise the higher the g-time applied. Expression of CD11b was no longer upregulated in response to an n-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulus in neutrophils having experienced high g-time during the isolation process. We conclude that centrifugation "paralyzes" neutrophils in the form of a significant decrease in functionality. Future investigations on neutrophil granulocytes should reduce the g-time load as far as possible.
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24
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Bitter LC, Kibbee R, Jiménez GC, Örmeci B. Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 at a Canadian University Campus and the Impact of Wastewater Characteristics on Viral RNA Detection. ACS ES T Water 2022; 2:2034-2046. [PMID: 37552746 PMCID: PMC9128010 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increased population density, high-risk behavior of young students, and lower vaccination rates, university campuses are considered hot spots for COVID-19 transmission. This study monitored the SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in the wastewater of a Canadian university campus for a year to provide actionable information to safely manage COVID-19 on campus. Wastewater samples were collected from the campus sewer and residence buildings to identify changes, peaks, and hotspots and search for associations with campus events, social gatherings, long weekends, and holidays. Furthermore, the impact of wastewater parameters (total solids, volatile solids, temperature, pH, turbidity, and UV absorbance) on SARS-CoV-2 detection was investigated, and the efficiency of ultrafiltration and centrifugation concentration methods were compared. RT-qPCR was used for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Wastewater signals largely correlated positively with the clinically confirmed COVID-19 cases on campus. Long weekends and holidays were often followed by increased viral signals, and the implementation of lockdowns quickly decreased the case numbers. In spite of online teaching and restricted access to campus, the university represented a microcosm of the city and mirrored the same trends. Results indicated that the centrifugation concentration method was more sensitive for wastewater with high solids content and that the ultrafiltration concentration method was more sensitive for wastewater with low solids content. Wastewater characteristics collected from the buildings and the campus sewer were different. Statistical analysis was performed to manifest the observations. Overall, wastewater surveillance provided actionable information and was also able to bring high-risk factors and events to the attention of decision-makers, enabling timely corrective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Carolin Bitter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S
5B6, Canada
| | - Richard Kibbee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S
5B6, Canada
| | - Gabriela C. Jiménez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S
5B6, Canada
| | - Banu Örmeci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S
5B6, Canada
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25
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Huth S, Schwarz LM, Gorb SN. Quantifying the Influence of Pollen Aging on the Adhesive Properties of Hypochaeris radicata Pollen. Insects 2022; 13:811. [PMID: 36135512 PMCID: PMC9501020 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although pollination is one of the most crucial biological processes that ensures plant reproduction, its mechanisms are poorly understood. Especially in insect-mediated pollination, a pollen undergoes several attachment and detachment cycles when being transferred from anther to insect and from insect to stigma. The influence of the properties of pollen, insect and floral surfaces on the adhesion forces that mediate pollen transfer have been poorly studied. Here, we investigate the adhesive properties of Hypochaeris radicata pollen and their dependence on pollen aging by quantifying the pull-off forces from glass slides using centrifugation and atomic force microscopy. We found that the properties of the pollenkitt-the viscous, lipid liquid on the surface of most pollen grains-influences the forces necessary to detach a pollen from hydrophilic surfaces. Our results show that aged H. radicata pollen form weaker adhesions to hydrophilic glass than fresh ones. On the other hand, when a pollen grain ages in contact with glass, the adhesion between the two surfaces increases over time. This study shows for the first time the pollen aging effect on the pollination mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Huth
- Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lisa-Maricia Schwarz
- Grassland Ecology & Grassland Management, Department of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Biodiversity Research and Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 1, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stanislav N. Gorb
- Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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26
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Blanchette EJ, Sleiman SC, Arain H, Tieu A, Clement CL, Howson GC, Tracey EA, Malik H, Marvin JC, Rehse SJ. Detection and Classification of Bacterial Cells After Centrifugation and Filtration of Liquid Specimens Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc 2022; 76:894-904. [PMID: 35608993 PMCID: PMC9411782 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221092789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Five species of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterobacter cloacae were deposited from suspensions of various titers onto disposable nitrocellulose filter media for analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Bacteria were concentrated and isolated in the center of the filter media during centrifugation using a simple and convenient sample preparation step. Summing all the single-shot LIBS spectra acquired from a given bacterial deposition provided perfectly sensitive and specific discrimination from sterile water control specimens in a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Use of the single-shot spectra provided only a 0.87 and 0.72 sensitivity and specificity, respectively. To increase the statistical validity of chemometric analyses, a library of pseudodata was created by adding Gaussian noise to the measured intensity of every emission line in an averaged spectrum of each bacterium. The normally distributed pseudodata, consisting of 4995 spectra, were used to compare the performance of the PLS-DA with a discriminant function analysis (DFA) and an artificial neural network (ANN). For the highly similar bacterial data, no algorithm showed significantly superior performance, although the PLS-DA performed least accurately with a classification error of 0.21 compared to 0.16 and 0.17 for ANN and DFA, respectively. Single-shot LIBS spectra from all of the bacterial species were classified in a DFA model tested with a tenfold cross-validation. Classification errors ranging from 20% to 31% were measured due to repeatability limitations in the single-shot data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiqa Arain
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Alayna Tieu
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Chloe L. Clement
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | | | - Emily A. Tracey
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Hadia Malik
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy C. Marvin
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Steven J. Rehse
- Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
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Nayak P, Rayaguru K, Brahma S, Routray W, Dash SK. Standardization of process protocol for isolation of starch from mango kernel and its characterization. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:2813-2825. [PMID: 34738641 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major by-products of mango processing are the seeds, which represent approximately 15-20% of the fruit. The process protocol for isolation of starch from mango kernel was standardized based on starch yield, starch purity and colour values using centrifugation and chemical method. Optimized starches obtained from both methods were further investigated for estimation of functional properties and were characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and pasting properties analysis. RESULTS The slurry making of mango kernels with a solid-to-water ratio of 1:3 at a centrifugation frequency of 3 times was found to be the best among all the experimental combinations (solid-to-water proportion (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, w/v) and centrifugation frequency (2, 3 and 4 times)) with a starch yield of 48.43 ± 1.08% and purity of 76.46 ± 0.83%. In the chemical method of starch isolation (washing was done with 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH and 0.1 mol L-1 HCl at three levels each), the sample treated with 60% (w/v) 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH and 10% (w/v) 0.1 mol L-1 HCl resulted in 36.50 ± 0.58% starch yield with a purity of 92.03 ± 0.87%. Among the functional properties, the chemically isolated starch showed significantly higher paste clarity (45.79 ± 2.36%) than starch obtained using the centrifugation process (12.50 ± 1.57%). The chemically isolated starch also exhibited better colour attributes, which were very close to those of laboratory-grade starch. CONCLUSION Detailed characterization studies inferred that both the starches possessed good functional, structural and thermal properties, indicating suitability for food and non-food applications. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parv Nayak
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | - Kalpana Rayaguru
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
| | | | - Winny Routray
- Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Sanjaya Kumar Dash
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751003, India
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28
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Knutti N, Neugebauer S, Scherr F, Mathay C, Marchese M, Henry E, Palm J, Betsou F, Kiehntopf M. Introduction of BD Vacutainer ® Barricor™ tubes in clinical biobanking and application of amino acid and cytokine quality indicators to Barricor plasma. Clin Chem Lab Med 2022; 60:689-700. [PMID: 35073617 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The use of BD Vacutainer® Barricor™ tubes (BAR) can reduce turnaround time (TAT) and improve separation of plasma from cellular components using a specific mechanical separator. Concentrations of amino acids (AAs) and cytokines, known to be labile during pre-analytical time delays, were compared in heparin (BAR, BD Heparin standard tube [PST]), EDTA and serum gel tubes (SER) to validate previously identified quality indicators (QIs) in BAR. METHODS Samples of healthy individuals (n=10) were collected in heparin, EDTA and SER tubes and exposed to varying pre- and post-centrifugation delays at room temperature (RT). Cytokines (interleukin [IL]-8, IL-16 and sCD40L) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and AAs were characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS All QIs, AAs/AA ratio and cytokines increased during prolonged blood storage in heparin plasma (PST, BAR) and SER tubes. Comparison of 53 h/1 h pre-centrifugation delay resulted in an increase in taurine (Tau) and glutamic acid (Glu) concentrations by more than three times, soluble CD40L increased by 13.6, 9.2 and 4.3 fold in PST, BAR-CTRL and BAR-FAST, and IL-8 increased even more by 112.8 (PST), 266.1 (BAR-CTRL), 268.1 (BAR-FAST) and 70.0 (SER) fold, respectively. Overall, compared to prolonged blood storage, effects of post-centrifugation delays were less pronounced in all tested materials. CONCLUSIONS BAR tubes are compatible with the use of several established QIs and can therefore be used in clinical biobanking to reduce pre-analytical TAT without compromising QIs and thus pre-analytical sample quality analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Knutti
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Neugebauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Scherr
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Conny Mathay
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Monica Marchese
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Estelle Henry
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Julia Palm
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Science, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Fay Betsou
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg (IBBL), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Michael Kiehntopf
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics and Integrated Biobank Jena (IBBJ), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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29
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Simões-Pedro M, Tróia PMBPS, dos Santos NBM, Completo AMG, Castilho RM, de Oliveira Fernandes GV. Tensile Strength Essay Comparing Three Different Platelet-Rich Fibrin Membranes (L-PRF, A-PRF, and A-PRF+): A Mechanical and Structural In Vitro Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071392. [PMID: 35406263 PMCID: PMC9002533 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Predictable outcomes intended by the application of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) derivative membranes have created a lack of consideration for their consistency and functional integrity. This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties through tensile strength and analyze the structural organization among the membranes produced by L-PRF (leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin), A-PRF (advanced platelet-rich fibrin), and A-PRF+ (advanced platelet-rich fibrin plus) (original protocols) that varied in centrifugation speed and time. L-PRF (n = 12), A-PRF (n = 19), and A-PRF+ (n = 13) membranes were submitted to a traction test, evaluating the maximum and average traction. For maximum traction, 0.0020, 0.0022, and 0.0010 N·mm−2 were obtained for A-PRF, A-PRF+, and L-PRF, respectively; regarding the average resistance to traction, 0.0012, 0.0015, and 0.006 N·mm−2 were obtained, respectively (A-PRF+ > A-PRF > L-PRF). For all groups studied, significant results were found. In the surface morphology observations through SEM, the L-PRF matrix showed a highly compact surface with thick fibers present within interfibrous areas with the apparent destruction of red blood cells and leukocytes. The A-PRF protocol showed a dense matrix composed of thin and elongated fibers that seemed to follow a preferential and orientated direction in which the platelets were well-adhered. Porosity was also evident with a large diameter of the interfibrous spaces whereas A-PRF+ was the most porous platelet concentrate with the greatest fiber abundance and cell preservation. Thus, this study concluded that A-PRF+ produced membranes with significant and higher maximum traction results, indicating a better viscoelastic strength when stretched by two opposing forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simões-Pedro
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (P.M.B.P.S.T.); (N.B.M.d.S.)
| | - Pedro Maria B. P. S. Tróia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (P.M.B.P.S.T.); (N.B.M.d.S.)
| | - Nuno Bernardo Malta dos Santos
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3515-320 Viseu, Portugal; (M.S.-P.); (P.M.B.P.S.T.); (N.B.M.d.S.)
| | - António M. G. Completo
- Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, TEMA—University of Aveiro, 3810-549 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Rogerio Moraes Castilho
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;
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30
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Kampowski T, Schuler B, Speck T, Poppinga S. The effects of substrate porosity, mechanical substrate properties and loading conditions on the attachment performance of the Mediterranean medicinal leech ( Hirudo verbana). J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220068. [PMID: 35317649 PMCID: PMC8941423 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectoparasitic lifestyle of the Mediterranean medicinal leech (Hirudo verbana) requires reliable functioning of its attachment organs (i.e. anterior and posterior suction discs) on multiple habitat- and host-specific surfaces under both normal and shear stresses. In addition to some intrinsic properties of the attachment devices, however, only a few extrinsic factors (e.g. substrate roughness and porosity) have been considered in previous studies on leech suckers. Using centrifugal force experiments, we analysed the attachment performance of H. verbana under different types of loading on artificial substrates differing in porosity and their mechanical properties. Whereas the substrate porosity significantly influenced leech attachment under normal and shear loading, the different mechanical properties did not noticeably affect attachment within the considered parameter limits. Furthermore, suction was confirmed to be the primary attachment mechanism independent of the prevailing loading condition. The question of whether the suction cups of H. verbana are adapted to a specific loading condition could not be answered. In any case, our results again highlight the high functional resilience of leech suckers guaranteeing a successful ectoparasitic lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kampowski
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schuler
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thomas Speck
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Simon Poppinga
- Plant Biomechanics Group (PBG), Botanic Garden, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS@ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Current address: Botanical Garden, Technical University of Darmstadt, Department of Biology, Schnittspahnstr. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Trainor BM, Pestov DG, Shcherbik N. Development, validation, and application of the ribosome separation and reconstitution system for protein translation in vitro. RNA 2021; 27:1602-1616. [PMID: 34452990 PMCID: PMC8594471 DOI: 10.1261/rna.078852.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced molecular damage to ribosomes can impact protein synthesis in cells, but cell-based assays do not provide a clear way to distinguish the effects of ribosome damage from stress responses and damage to other parts of the translation machinery. Here we describe a detailed protocol for the separation of yeast ribosomes from other translational machinery constituents, followed by reconstitution of the translation mixture in vitro. This technique, which we refer to as ribosome separation and reconstitution (RSR), allows chemical modifications of yeast ribosomes without compromising other key translational components. In addition to the characterization of stress-induced ribosome damage, RSR can be applied to a broad range of experimental problems in studies of yeast translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Trainor
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Dimitri G Pestov
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
| | - Natalia Shcherbik
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey 08084, USA
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Soh SX, Loh TP, Sethi SK, Ong L. Methods to reduce lipemic interference in clinical chemistry tests: a systematic review and recommendations. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:152-161. [PMID: 34773729 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lipemia is the presence of abnormally high lipoprotein concentrations in serum or plasma samples that can interfere with laboratory testing. There is little guidance available from manufacturers or professional bodies on processing lipemic samples to produce clinically acceptable results. This systematic review summarizes existing literature on the effectiveness of lipid removal techniques in reducing interference in clinical chemistry tests. METHODS A PubMed search using terms relating to lipid removal from human samples for clinical chemistry tests produced 1,558 studies published between January 2010 and July 2021. 15 articles met the criteria for further analyses. RESULTS A total of 66 analytes were investigated amongst the 15 studies, which showed highly heterogenous study designs. High-speed centrifugation was consistently effective for 13 analytes: albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, creatine kinase (CK), creatinine (Jaffe method), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glucose (hexokinase-based method), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphate, potassium, and urea. Lipid-clearing agents were uniformly effective for seven analytes: ALT, AST, total bilirubin, CK, creatinine (Jaffe method), lipase, and urea. Mixed results were reported for the remaining analytes. CONCLUSIONS For some analytes, high-speed centrifugation and/or lipid-clearing agents can be used in place of ultracentrifugation. Harmonized protocols and acceptability criteria are required to allow pooled data analysis and interpretation of different lipemic interference studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila X Soh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sunil K Sethi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lizhen Ong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Anselm V, Sommersdorf C, Carrasco-Triguero M, Katavolos P, Planatscher H, Steinhilber A, Joos T, Poetz O. Matrix and Sampling Effects on Quantification of Protein Biomarkers of Drug-Induced Liver Injury. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:4985-4994. [PMID: 34554759 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (MCSF1R), osteopontin (OPN), high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), keratin 18 (K18), and caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18) are considered promising mechanistic biomarkers for the diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury. Here, we aim to elucidate the impact of the sample matrix and handling on the quantification of these emerging protein biomarkers. We investigated effects such as time from collection to centrifugation during serum (± gel) or EDTA plasma preparation on two assay platforms: immunoaffinity liquid chromatography mass spectrometric assays and sandwich immunoassays. Furthermore, we measured GLDH activity with an enzymatic activity assay. Matrix effects were observed particularly for HMGB1 and MCSF1R. HMGB1 levels were higher in serum than in plasma, whereas higher concentrations of MCSF1R were observed in plasma than in serum. A comparison of sample collection to centrifugation time ranging from 15 to 60 min demonstrated increasing levels of HMGB1 in serum, while MCSF1R, OPN, GLDH, and ccK18 concentrations remained stable. Additionally, there was a poor correlation in HMGB1 and ccK18 levels between serum and plasma. Considering the observed matrix effects, we recommend plasma as a matrix of choice and cross-study comparison studies to be limited to those using the same matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paula Katavolos
- Genentech, San Francisco, California 94080, United States.,Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States (at Genentech during the conduct of this study)
| | | | | | - Thomas Joos
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Reutlingen 72770, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
| | - Oliver Poetz
- SIGNATOPE GmbH, Reutlingen 72770, Germany.,NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen 72770, Germany
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Lee SH, Lee SM, Park S, Yoon SH, Han H, Jung DH. Preparation of Isotropic Carbon Fibers from Kerosene-Purified Coal Tar Pitch by Co-Carbonization with Pyrolysis Fuel Oil. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6280. [PMID: 34771811 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An inexpensive and general-purpose carbon fiber was prepared using coal tar pitch. In contrast to the solvent extraction process employing expensive solvents, a low-cost centrifugal separation method facilitated the reduction of loss due to the pitch purification and an overall yield increase. The coal tar pitch purified by centrifugation and subsequently co-carbonized with pyrolysis fuel oil improved in spinnability. Moreover, the resulting spinnable pitch had a softening point of 250 °C. The obtained carbon fibers were heat-treated at 1000 °C for 5 min, resulting in a tensile strength of approximately 1000 MPa and an average diameter of 9 μm. In this study, we present an effective method for obtaining low-cost general-purpose isotropic carbon fibers.
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Roginski E, Nissen PH, Hojbjerg JA, Grove EL, Hvas AM. Impact of centrifugation time and pneumatic tube transport on plasma concentrations of direct oral anticoagulants. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 44:216-222. [PMID: 34638165 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rapid results are needed when plasma concentrations of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are required in acute clinical settings. We evaluated the impact of centrifugation time and pneumatic tube transport on DOAC plasma concentrations with the overall aim of reducing turnaround time. METHODS Blood samples were spiked with rivaroxaban, apixaban or dabigatran in a low and a high concentration prior to centrifugation for 25 minutes (3163 g) or 5 minutes (3000 g) (n = 20 for each DOAC). Both samples spiked with DOACs (n = 20 for each DOAC) and patient samples (n = 25 in total) were transported manually or by pneumatic tube system samples. RESULTS For samples spiked with DOAC, statistically significant differences in DOAC plasma concentrations were found between centrifugation times for rivaroxaban in low (P < .05) and high (P < .05) concentrations. Relative bias was below 9% for all DOACs. Statistically significant differences were found between modes of transportation for rivaroxaban (P < .01) and dabigatran (P < .01) in high concentrations. Relative bias was 4%-23% for all DOACs. For patient samples, no statistically significant differences were found between modes of transportation, and relative bias was below 12% for all DOACs. CONCLUSION Minor, clinically insignificant, differences regarding centrifugation times were found in DOAC plasma concentrations. Importantly, no significant differences were found according to transportation modes for samples collected from patients. Although statistically significant differences were found depending on mode of transportation of spiked samples, relative bias was clinically acceptable. Thus, reduced centrifugation time and pneumatic tube transport should be considered to reduce turnaround time for rapid measurement of DOAC plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Roginski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter H Nissen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Lerkevang Grove
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Reksodiputro MH, Harahap AR, Setiawan L, Yosia M. A Modified Preparation Method of Ideal Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix From Whole Blood. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:724488. [PMID: 34485352 PMCID: PMC8414516 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.724488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One bioproduct that is widely used in the wound healing process is platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is a liquid solution with high autologous platelet concentration, making it a good source of growth factors to accelerate wound healing. Recent development in PRP had created a new product called platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM), which has a denser and more flexible structure. PRFM is the newest generation of platelet concentrate with a fibrin matrix that holds platelet in it. The key concept in creating PRFM from PRP is the addition of CaCl2 followed by centrifugation, which converts fibrinogen to fibrin, and the fibrin cross-links to form a matrix that contains viable platelets. There are many commercially available kits to create PRFM, but they are often expensive and uneconomical. This research will test a modified method of making ideal PRFM from PRP without any commercial kits. The modified method will include determining the minimum level of CaCl2 used, the type of centrifuge, and the speed and duration of centrifugation. By performing a modified preparation method on five samples of whole blood, it was found that the ideal PRFM could be made by mixing PRP with 25 mM CaCl2 and centrifuging it at a speed of 2,264 × g for 25 min at room temperature. The PRP and PRFM platelet counts of this method tend to be lower than the platelet counts found in other studies. Although visually comparable, further study is needed to compare the performance of PRFMs made with this method and PRFMs made with commercial kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta Hediyati Reksodiputro
- Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alida Roswita Harahap
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lyana Setiawan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Rumah Sakit Dharmais Pusat Kanker Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mikhael Yosia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Schenz J, Obermaier M, Uhle S, Weigand MA, Uhle F. Low-Density Granulocyte Contamination From Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients With Sepsis and How to Remove It - A Technical Report. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684119. [PMID: 34484182 PMCID: PMC8416421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms contributing to the dysregulated host response to infection as part of the syndrome is a current challenge in sepsis research. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are widely used in immunological studies. Density gradient centrifugation, a common method, is of limited use for blood drawn from patients with sepsis. A significant number of low-density granulocytes co-purify contributing to low purity of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Whole blood anticoagulated with lithium heparin was drawn from patients with sepsis (n=14) and healthy volunteers (n=11). Immediately after drawing, the plasma fraction was removed and PBMC were isolated from the cellular fraction by density gradient centrifugation. Samples derived from patients with sepsis were subsequently incubated with cluster of differentiation 15 MicroBeads and granulocytes were depleted using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Core cellular functions as antigen presentation and cytokine secretion were analyzed in cells isolated from healthy volunteers (n=3) before and after depletion to confirm consistent functionality. We report here that depleting CD15+ cells after density gradient centrifugation is a feasible way to get rid of the low-density granulocyte contamination. Afterwards, the purity of isolated, functionally intact peripheral blood mononuclear cells is comparable to healthy volunteers. Information on the isolation purity and identification of the containing cell types are necessary for good comparability between different studies. Depletion of CD15+ cells after density gradient centrifugation is an easy but highly efficient way to gain a higher quality and more reliability in studies using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from septic patients without affecting the functionality of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Schenz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel Obermaier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Florian Uhle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Leger M, Despinasse Q, Faure P, Arnaud J, Ravelet C, Chovelon B. Influence of delayed separation of plasma from whole blood and centrifugation protocol on Zn plasma concentration. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 58:e279-e281. [PMID: 32609637 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Leger
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, University Hospital of Grenoble and Alps, Grenoble, France
| | - Quentin Despinasse
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, University Hospital of Grenoble and Alps, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Faure
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, University Hospital of Grenoble and Alps, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Hypoxy Physiopathology Study Inserm U1042, La Tronche, France
| | - Josiane Arnaud
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, University Hospital of Grenoble and Alps, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Ravelet
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Chovelon
- Institute of Biology and Pathology, University Hospital of Grenoble and Alps, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, DPM UMR 5063, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, DPM UMR 5063, Grenoble, France
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Laurie SS, Greenwald SH, Marshall‐Goebel K, Pardon LP, Gupta A, Lee SMC, Stern C, Sangi‐Haghpeykar H, Macias BR, Bershad EM. Optic disc edema and chorioretinal folds develop during strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest with or without artificial gravity. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14977. [PMID: 34355874 PMCID: PMC8343460 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is hypothesized to develop as a consequence of the chronic headward fluid shift that occurs in sustained weightlessness. We exposed healthy subjects (n = 24) to strict 6° head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR), an analog of weightlessness that generates a sustained headward fluid shift, and we monitored for ocular changes similar to findings that develop in SANS. Two-thirds of the subjects received a daily 30-min exposure to artificial gravity (AG, 1 g at center of mass, ~0.3 g at eye level) during HDTBR by either continuous (cAG, n = 8) or intermittent (iAG, n = 8) short-arm centrifugation to investigate whether this intervention would attenuate headward fluid shift-induced ocular changes. Optical coherence tomography images were acquired to quantify changes in peripapillary total retinal thickness (TRT), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and choroidal thickness, and to detect chorioretinal folds. Intraocular pressure (IOP), optical biometry, and standard automated perimetry data were collected. TRT increased by 35.9 µm (95% CI, 19.9-51.9 µm, p < 0.0001), 36.5 µm (95% CI, 4.7-68.2 µm, p = 0.01), and 27.6 µm (95% CI, 8.8-46.3 µm, p = 0.0005) at HDTBR day 58 in the control, cAG, and iAG groups, respectively. Chorioretinal folds developed in six subjects across the groups, despite small increases in IOP. Visual function outcomes did not change. These findings validate strict HDTBR without elevated ambient CO2 as a model for investigating SANS and suggest that a fluid shift reversal of longer duration and/or greater magnitude at the eye may be required to prevent or mitigate SANS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Akash Gupta
- Center for Space MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Claudia Stern
- Institute of Aerospace MedicineGerman Aerospace CenterClinical Aerospace MedicineCologneGermany
| | | | | | - Eric M. Bershad
- Center for Space MedicineBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of NeurologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of NeurosurgeryBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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Li L, Zhu C, Zhao X, Qu F. [Applications of separation technology in novel coronavirus research, epidemic prevention and detection]. Se Pu 2021; 39:679-685. [PMID: 34227364 PMCID: PMC9421565 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2021.03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情的爆发给世界公共卫生安全带来前所未有的挑战。随着新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)相关研究的不断深入,众多分析检测技术相继被应用,推动了病毒检测、疫苗和创新疗法的研发,从而使疫情早日得到控制。分离技术作为生命科学、医学、药学领域的关键技术,操作简单,分离效率高,选择性强,在新型冠状病毒的分离、检测、诊疗及防疫中起到不可替代的作用。该文以SARS-CoV-2或COVID-19为关键词在ISI Web of Science中进行主题检索,归纳了2020年度新型冠状病毒相关的研究论文,简要介绍主要的研究方向,并对国际顶级学术期刊Nature, Science, Cell的论文发表情况进行了统计。通过检索影响因子较高的期刊,综述了新型冠状病毒研究中主要应用的分离技术,并从亲和色谱和尺寸排阻色谱、液相色谱、磁珠分离、离心、微纳分离以及电泳6个方面进行说明。综述统计了亲和色谱和尺寸排阻色谱纯化的病毒相关蛋白,并介绍了其在新型冠状病毒传播、感染机制以及药物筛选中的应用;介绍了液相色谱对病毒候选药物评估以及复杂基质中单一成分的鉴定;介绍了磁珠分离在细胞分离、核酸提取和免疫学检测中的应用;介绍了离心对病毒颗粒、细胞以及血清的分离;介绍了微纳分离结合其他技术以实现病毒蛋白的高灵敏检测;简要介绍了电泳在聚合酶链式反应(PCR)产物分析中的应用。该文综述了2020年度新型冠状病毒研究和防疫检测中分离技术的应用情况,分析了分离技术在新型冠状病毒检测中发挥的作用,旨在为从事分离研究的科研工作者提供一些参考。
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsen Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, "Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis" Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, "Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis" Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | - Feng Qu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, "Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis" Key Laboratory of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Chepurnenko A, Litvinov S, Meskhi B, Beskopylny A. Optimization of Thick-Walled Viscoelastic Hollow Polymer Cylinders by Artificial Heterogeneity Creation: Theoretical Aspects. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2408. [PMID: 34372012 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical solution of the problem of thick-walled shell optimization by varying the mechanical characteristics of the material over the thickness of the structure is proposed, taking into account its rheological properties. The optimization technique is considered by the example of a cylindrical shell made of high-density polyethylene with hydroxyapatite subjected to internal pressure. Radial heterogeneity can be created by centrifugation during the curing of the polymer mixed with the additive. The nonlinear Maxwell–Gurevich equation is used as the law describing polymer creep. The relationship of the change in the additive content along with the radius r, at which the structure is equally stressed following the four classical criteria of fracture, is determined in an elastic formulation. Moreover, it is shown that a cylinder with equal stress at the beginning of the creep process ceases to be equally stressed during creep. Finally, an algorithm for defining the relationship of the additive mass content on coordinate r, at which the structure is equally stressed at the end of the creep process, is proposed. The developed algorithm, implemented in the MATLAB software, allows modeling both equally stressed and equally strength structures.
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42
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Hardy M, Dellanoce C, Douxfils J, Carlo A, Lessire S, Bouvy C, Testa S, Mullier F. Impact of centrifugation on thrombin generation in healthy subjects and in patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:1585-1592. [PMID: 34252264 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Double centrifugation before freezing is recommended before thrombin generation assays (TGA). However, this procedure is not mandatory for routine hemostasis tests, precluding the use of these samples for TGA. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of single and double centrifugation on TGA performed on frozen samples from healthy volunteers (HVs) and patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). METHODS Forty HVs and 57 patients receiving a DOAC (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or edoxaban) were included in this prospective double-center observational study. Blood was collected into 109 mmol/L citrated tubes and frozen at -70°C before TGA using ST Genesia with STG-DrugScreen reagent. Four pre-analytical conditions were studied: (A) single centrifugation (2000 g, 15 minutes) before freezing; (B) one centrifugation before freezing and another after thawing (2000 g, 15 minutes for both); (C) one centrifugation before freezing(2000 g, 15 minutes) and another after thawing (2000 g, 10 minutes); (D) double centrifugation (2000 g, 15 minutes) before freezing (reference). Centrifugation conditions (A), (B), and (C) were compared with the reference condition (D). Acceptable relative differences were defined at 6%, 8%, and 10% for normalized lag time, endogenous thrombin potential, and peak height, respectively. RESULTS Centrifugation conditions had a small but acceptable impact on HVs samples, but single centrifugation always resulted in unacceptable reductions in normalized lag times for DOAC samples. A second centrifugation after thawing permitted the recovery of acceptable differences for the three TGA parameters for edoxaban but not for apixaban, rivaroxaban, nor dabigatran. CONCLUSION Double centrifugation before freezing should remain the recommended pre-analytical condition before TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hardy
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium.,Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Anesthesiology Department, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Claudia Dellanoce
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cremona, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Cremona, Italy
| | - Jonathan Douxfils
- Pharmacy Department, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Qualiblood S.A., Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Sarah Lessire
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Anesthesiology Department, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Céline Bouvy
- Pharmacy Department, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Sophie Testa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cremona, Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Cremona, Italy
| | - François Mullier
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Hematology Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
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Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are heterogeneous populations of cell-derived vesicles that play an important role in intercellular communications. The release of MPs by tumor cells is a very common event in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Tumor cell-derived MPs (T-MPs) contain a variety of bioactive molecules, thus modulating various biological processes, including the regulation of immune cell phenotype and function, as well as immune responses. Moreover, T-MPs can be used as natural carriers to deliver therapeutic drugs into tumor cells and immune cells, thus remodeling TMEs and modifying anti-tumor immune responses. These features allow T-MPs to function as potential biomaterials to be applied in tumor immunotherapies and vaccines. This article describes protocols for the isolation of T-MPs from supernatants of cultured tumor cells by multi-step centrifugations. Tools and protocols are also provided in order to characterize and validate the isolated MPs and to analyze the interaction between T-MPs and different target cells. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of tumor cell-derived microparticles by multi-step centrifugations Basic Protocol 2: Characterization and validation of tumor cell-derived microparticles Basic Protocol 3: Functional analysis of the uptake of tumor cell-derived microparticles by different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keke Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, CAMS, Beijing, China
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Strakova N, Korena K, Gelbicova T, Kulich P, Karpiskova R. A Rapid Culture Method for the Detection of Campylobacter from Water Environments. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18116098. [PMID: 34198825 PMCID: PMC8200967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural environment and water are among the sources of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. A limited number of protocols exist for the isolation of campylobacters in poorly filterable water. Therefore, the goal of our work was to find a more efficient method of Campylobacter isolation and detection from wastewater and surface water than the ISO standard. In the novel rapid culture method presented here, samples are centrifuged at high speed, and the resuspended pellet is inoculated on a filter, which is placed on Campylobacter selective mCCDA agar. The motile bacteria pass through the filter pores, and mCCDA agar suppresses the growth of background microbiota on behalf of campylobacters. This culture-based method is more efficient for the detection and isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from poorly filterable water than the ISO 17995 standard. It also is less time-consuming, taking only 72 h and comprising three steps, while the ISO standard method requires five or six steps and 144-192 h. This novel culture method, based on high-speed centrifugation, bacterial motility, and selective cultivation conditions, can be used for the detection and isolation of various bacteria from water samples.
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45
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Raad G, Bakos HW, Bazzi M, Mourad Y, Fakih F, Shayya S, Mchantaf L, Fakih C. Differential impact of four sperm preparation techniques on sperm motility, morphology, DNA fragmentation, acrosome status, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial activity: A prospective study. Andrology 2021; 9:1549-1559. [PMID: 33999521 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suboptimal human semen handling in vitro may induce sperm damage. However, the effects of semen swim-up, pellet swim-up, density gradient, and density gradient followed by SU on sperm motility, morphology, DNA fragmentation, acrosome reaction, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial activity were not fully understood. OBJECTIVES To study the impact of four sperm preparation techniques on sperm functional parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted on 60 infertile men with a minimum sperm concentration of 20 × 106 /ml and total sperm motility of ≥30%. Each raw semen sample was divided into four aliquots. Each aliquot was prepared by one of the tested techniques. Various sperm characteristics were assessed before and after sperm preparation. RESULTS Density gradient and density gradient followed by SU resulted in significantly higher DNA fragmentation percentages compared with semen swim-up (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and pellet swim-up (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Significantly higher percentages of spermatozoa with intact acrosome were detected in semen swim-up (p < 0.001) and pellet swim-up (p < 0.001) compared with raw semen. The percentage of reactive oxygen species-positive spermatozoa was significantly higher after pellet swim-up (p < 0.001), density gradient (p < 0.001), and density gradient followed by SU (p < 0.001) than raw semen. In addition, the percentages of 100% stained midpiece (active mitochondria) were significantly higher in semen swim-up (p < 0.001) and pellet swim-up (p < 0.001) compared with raw semen. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report comparing the impact of these techniques on various sperm functional parameters. Semen swim-up was more effective than density gradient in selecting better spermatozoa in terms of DNA integrity, reactive oxygen species levels, acrosome status, and mitochondrial activity. Randomized clinical trials comparing these four techniques are required to test their impact on embryo development and pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Raad
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon.,Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Hassan W Bakos
- Monash IVF Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Marwa Bazzi
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youmna Mourad
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fadi Fakih
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Salman Shayya
- American University of Science and Technology, Ashrafieh, Lebanon
| | | | - Chadi Fakih
- Al Hadi Laboratory and Medical Centre, Beirut, Lebanon.,Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
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Quirke W, Toomey S, Sheikhi A. The stability of 'add-on' coagulation assays in refrigerated citrated plasma stored on a packed cellular fraction. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 43:779-785. [PMID: 33991057 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Haematology laboratories are increasingly faced with requests for add-on coagulation testing. This study explores extending the specimen storage proposals by examining coagulation parameters on refrigerated citrated plasma retained on a cellular fraction over a 24-hour period. METHODS Sodium citrate (Sarstedt® S-Monovette 3.2%) specimens from 206 patients in University Hospital Limerick, Ireland were refrigerated immediately post-analysis and re-analysed in the centrifuged primary container at 4, 8 and 24-hour intervals using the Diagnostica Stago coagulometer and reagent combination. Coagulation assays examined for statistically and clinically significant differences included PT, APTT, D-Dimer, fibrinogen and Protein C. RESULTS PT, APTT and Protein C values displayed statistical significance from 4 hours. Fibrinogen differences were statistically significant from 8 hours. D-Dimer differences were not statistically significant at any interval over the 24-hour period. The refrigerated storage limit for PT and APTT results was determined to be 4 hours. D-Dimer was the only test parameter to report a mean percentage variance >10%. However, result changes at the threshold region of 0.5 µg/mL FEU were found to be within assay precision limits and desirable bias up to 8 hours. Maximum mean differences for Protein C (-1.3%) and fibrinogen (2.3%) were within assay precision limits and desirable biases up to 24 hours. CONCLUSION PT and APTT results are stable in refrigerated citrated plasma maintained on a cellular fraction up to 4 hours post-phlebotomy. D-Dimers results are reliable up to 8 hours, while fibrinogen and Protein C results are stable for at least 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Quirke
- Haematology laboratory, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Toomey
- Haematology laboratory, University Hospital Limerick, Dooradoyle, Ireland
| | - Ali Sheikhi
- University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
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Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is usually described with respect to its platelet concentration and sometimes the concentration of erythrocytes and leukocytes. In this study, we examined the numbers of leukocyte subtypes in PRPs prepared by five different methods. Single spin PRP methods evaluated resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of lymphocytes and proportional/inverse reduction of the percentage of granulocytes in comparison to those percentages found in whole blood. We propose that the centrifugation process traps the denser granulocytes in the RBC layer more readily than lymphocytes and that this will vary by g force and time. The PRP preparation method may be clinically relevant, because the distribution of leukocytes may affect clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd N Levins
- Integrative/Complimentary Medicine, Private Practice, Victoria, CAN
| | - K Dean Reeves
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Private Practice, Kansas City, USA
| | - An-Lin Cheng
- Biomedical and Health Informatics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
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Huang C, Zong J, Wang X, Cao Q, Zhang D, Jiang JZ. Production of Uniformly Sized Gallium-Based Liquid Alloy Nanodroplets via Ultrasonic Method and Their Li-Ion Storage. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:1759. [PMID: 33918385 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gallium-based liquid alloys are attractive due to their unique properties, and they can potentially be applied in the field of flexible electronics as coolant materials for nuclear and liquid batteries, due to the high thermal conductivity and excellent fluid properties of liquid metals. However, it is still challenging to fabricate gallium-based liquid alloy nanodroplets with uniform and small size. Here, we performed a systematical study on the influence of various factors affecting the size of nanodroplets. Liquid metal nanodroplets with an average size of 74 nm and narrow size distribution were successfully fabricated. Li-ion half-cells were assembled with eutectic GaIn (eGaIn) nanodroplets as anode active materials, which showed higher specific capacity than the bulk eGaIn alloy under the same testing conditions.
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49
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Larson MC, Hogg N, Hillery CA. Centrifugation Removes a Population of Large Vesicles, or "Macroparticles," Intermediate in Size to RBCs and Microvesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031243. [PMID: 33513958 PMCID: PMC7865243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles or microvesicles (MPs/MVs) are sub-cellular vesicles with a growing number of known biological functions. Microvesicles from a variety of parent cells within the vascular system increase in numerous pathological states. Red blood cell-derived MVs (RMVs) are relatively less studied than other types of circulating MVs despite red blood cells (RBCs) being the most abundant intravascular cell. This may be in part due the echoes of past misconceptions that RBCs were merely floating anucleate bags of hemoglobin rather than dynamic and responsive cells. The initial aim of this study was to maximize the concentration of RMVs derived from various blood or blood products by focusing on the optimal isolation conditions without creating more MVs from artificial manipulation. We found that allowing RBCs to sediment overnight resulted in a continuum in size of RBC membrane-containing fragments or vesicles extending beyond the 1 µm size limit suggested by many as the maximal size of an MV. Additionally, dilution and centrifugation factors were studied that altered the resultant MV population concentration. The heterogeneous size of RMVs was confirmed in mice models of hemolytic anemia. This methodological finding establishes a new paradigm in that it blurs the line between RBC, fragment, and RMV as well as suggests that the concentration of circulating RMVs may be widely underestimated given that centrifugation removes the majority of such RBC-derived membrane-containing particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Larson
- Banner University Medical Center-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-(520)-626-7402
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Cheryl A. Hillery
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
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50
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Xu X, Cölfen H. Ultra centrifugation Techniques for the Ordering of Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11020333. [PMID: 33513966 PMCID: PMC7912273 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A centrifugal field can provide an external force for the ordering of nanoparticles. Especially with the knowledge from in-situ characterization by analytical (ultra)centrifugation, nanoparticle ordering can be rationally realized in preparative (ultra)centrifugation. This review summarizes the work back to the 1990s, where intuitive use of centrifugation was achieved for the fabrication of colloidal crystals to the very recent work where analytical (ultra)centrifugation is employed to tailor-make concentration gradients for advanced materials. This review is divided into three main parts. In the introduction part, the history of ordering microbeads in gravity is discussed and with the size of particles reduced to nanometers, a centrifugal field is necessary. In the next part, the research on the ordering of nanoparticles in analytical and preparative centrifugation in recent decades is described. In the last part, the applications of the functional materials, fabricated from centrifugation-induced nanoparticle superstructures are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xu
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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