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Strakova N, Michova H, Shagieva E, Ovesna P, Karpiskova R, Demnerova K. Genotyping of Campylobacter jejuni and prediction tools of its antimicrobial resistance. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:207-219. [PMID: 37816942 PMCID: PMC10876727 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Although Campylobacter jejuni is the pathogen responsible for the most common foodborne illness, tracing of the infection source remains challenging due to its highly variable genome. Therefore, one of the aim of the study was to compare three genotyping methods (MLST, PFGE, and mP-BIT) to determine the most effective genotyping tool. C. jejuni strains were divided into 4 clusters based on strain similarity in the cgMLST dendrogram. Subsequently, the dendrograms of the 3 tested methods were compared to determine the accuracy of each method compared to the reference cgMLST method. Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis has showed that MLST had the highest inverse discrimination index (97%) and required less workflow, time, fewer consumables, and low bacterial sample quantity. PFGE was shown to be obsolete both because of its low discriminatory power and the complexity of the procedure. Similarly, mP‑BIT showed low separation results, which was compensated by its high availability. Therefore, our data showed that MLST is the optimal tool for genotyping C. jejuni. Another aim was to compare the antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline in C. jejuni strains isolated from human, water, air, food, and animal samples by two gene sequence-based prediction methods and to compare them with the actual susceptibility of C. jejuni strains using the disc diffusion method. Both tools, ResFinder and RGI, synchronously predict the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and either can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Strakova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Michova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ekaterina Shagieva
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesna
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Department of Public Health, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Vrablikova A, Fojtikova M, Hezova R, Simeckova P, Brezani V, Strakova N, Fraiberk M, Kotoucek J, Masek J, Psikal I. UV-C irradiation as an effective tool for sterilization of porcine chimeric VP1-PCV2bCap recombinant vaccine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19337. [PMID: 37935819 PMCID: PMC10630496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46791-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet irradiation is an effective method of virus and bacteria inactivation. The dose of UV-C light necessary for baculovirus inactivation by measurement of fluorescent GFP protein produced by baculovirus expression system after the irradiation of baculovirus culture in doses ranging from 3.5 to 42 J/m2 was determined. At a dose of 36.8 J/m2, only 0.5% of GFP-expressing cells were detected by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The stability of purified VP1-PCV2bCap protein produced by baculovirus expression system was analyzed after the irradiation at doses ranging from 3.5 to 19.3 J/m2. Up to the dose of 11 J/m2, no significant effect of UV-C light on the stability of VP1-PCV2bCap was detected. We observed a dose-dependent increase in VP1-PCV2bCap-specific immune response in BALB/c mice immunized by recombinant protein sterilized by irradiation in dose 11 J/m2 with no significant difference between vaccines sterilized by UV-C light and filtration. A substantial difference in the production of VP1-PCV2bCap specific IgG was observed in piglets immunized with VP1-PCV2bCap sterilized by UV-C in comparison with protein sterilized by filtration in combination with the inactivation of baculovirus by binary ethylenimine. UV-C irradiation represents an effective method for vaccine sterilization, where commonly used methods of sterilization are not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Vrablikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martina Fojtikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Hezova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Simeckova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Brezani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Fraiberk
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, 128 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kotoucek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Masek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Psikal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Korena K, Krzyzankova M, Florianova M, Karasova D, Babak V, Strakova N, Juricova H. Microbial Succession in the Cheese Ripening Process-Competition of the Starter Cultures and the Microbiota of the Cheese Plant Environment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1735. [PMID: 37512907 PMCID: PMC10385115 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A large variety of cheeses can be produced using different manufacturing processes and various starter or adjunct cultures. In this study, we have described the succession of the microbial population during the commercial production and subsequent ripening of smear-ripened cheese using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The composition of the microbiota during the first 6 days of production was constant and consisted mainly of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) originating from the starter culture. From day 7, the proportion of LAB decreased as other bacteria from the production environment appeared. From the 14th day of production, the relative proportion of LAB decreased further, and at the end of ripening, bacteria from the environment wholly dominated. These adventitious microbiota included Psychrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis/hodoensis, Vibrio toranzoniae, and Vibrio litoralis (Proteobacteria phylum), as well as Vagococcus and Marinilactibacillus (Firmicutes phylum), Psychrilyobacter (Fusobacteria phylum), and Malaciobacter marinus (Campylobacterota phylum), all of which appeared to be characteristic taxa associated with the cheese rind. Subsequent analysis showed that the production and ripening of smear-ripened cheese could be divided into three stages, and that the microbiota compositions of samples from the first week of production, the second week of production, and supermarket shelf life all differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Korena
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Florianova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Juricova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Strharsky T, Pindjakova D, Kos J, Vrablova L, Michnova H, Hosek J, Strakova N, Lelakova V, Leva L, Kavanova L, Oravec M, Cizek A, Jampilek J. Study of Biological Activities and ADMET-Related Properties of Novel Chlorinated N-arylcinnamamides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063159. [PMID: 35328580 PMCID: PMC8951032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of eighteen 4-chlorocinnamanilides and eighteen 3,4-dichlorocinnamanilides were designed, prepared and characterized. All compounds were evaluated for their activity against gram-positive bacteria and against two mycobacterial strains. Viability on both cancer and primary mammalian cell lines was also assessed. The lipophilicity of the compounds was experimentally determined and correlated together with other physicochemical properties of the prepared derivatives with biological activity. 3,4-Dichlorocinnamanilides showed a broader spectrum of action and higher antibacterial efficacy than 4-chlorocinnamanilides; however, all compounds were more effective or comparable to clinically used drugs (ampicillin, isoniazid, rifampicin). Of the thirty-six compounds, six derivatives showed submicromolar activity against Staphylococcus aureus and clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- 3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enamide was the most potent in series 1. (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)prop-2-enamide, (2E)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide, (2E)-3-(3,4-dichloro- phenyl)-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide and (2E)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- N-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]prop-2-enamide were the most active in series 2 and in addition to activity against S. aureus and MRSA were highly active against Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates and against fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis and against slow-growing M. marinum, M. tuberculosis non-hazardous test models. In addition, the last three compounds of the above-mentioned showed insignificant cytotoxicity to primary porcine monocyte-derived macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Strharsky
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (H.M.); (J.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Dominika Pindjakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.P.); (L.V.)
| | - Jiri Kos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (H.M.); (J.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.P.); (L.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucia Vrablova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.P.); (L.V.)
| | - Hana Michnova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (H.M.); (J.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Jan Hosek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (H.M.); (J.H.); (J.J.)
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Veronika Lelakova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (N.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Lenka Leva
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Lenka Kavanova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (L.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Belidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.S.); (H.M.); (J.H.); (J.J.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (D.P.); (L.V.)
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Strakova N, Shagieva E, Ovesna P, Korena K, Michova H, Demnerova K, Kolackova I, Karpiskova R. The effect of environmental conditions on the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in wastewater and surface waters. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:725-735. [PMID: 34192401 PMCID: PMC9290866 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims The purpose of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in the aquatic environment based on the water origin, seasonality and physico‐chemical properties. Methods and Results The occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli was determined in waste (29) or surface (56) waters in four different seasons. The air and water temperatures were measured during sampling and chemical analyses of water samples for ammonium, chloride, chlorine, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and iron were performed. The thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. were more frequently detected in wastewater (59%; 17 positive samples) compared to surface water (38%; 21 positive samples), with the highest rate in autumn (67% of samples positive) and with a higher C. coli occurrence than C. jejuni (31% vs. 26%). Ammonium (above 0.2 mg/L) and chloride ion concentrations (above 60 mg/L) favour C. jejuni. Similarly, C. coli occurrence in water was supported by ammonium (above 0.2 mg/L), chloride (above 60 mg/L) and in addition by phosphate ion concentrations (below 0.7 mg/L). Conclusions Campylobacter presence in water is influenced by physico‐chemical parameters such as concentrations of ammonium and chloride ions. Significance and Impact of the Study Water environment is an alternative source of Campylobacter. The concentration of ammonium and chloride ions can be used as a basis for successful prediction of the potential occurrence of C. jejuni and C. coli in wastewater and surface water in future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina Shagieva
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Ovesna
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Hana Michova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Strakova N, Korena K, Gelbicova T, Kulich P, Karpiskova R. A Rapid Culture Method for the Detection of Campylobacter from Water Environments. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18116098. [PMID: 34198825 PMCID: PMC8200967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural environment and water are among the sources of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. A limited number of protocols exist for the isolation of campylobacters in poorly filterable water. Therefore, the goal of our work was to find a more efficient method of Campylobacter isolation and detection from wastewater and surface water than the ISO standard. In the novel rapid culture method presented here, samples are centrifuged at high speed, and the resuspended pellet is inoculated on a filter, which is placed on Campylobacter selective mCCDA agar. The motile bacteria pass through the filter pores, and mCCDA agar suppresses the growth of background microbiota on behalf of campylobacters. This culture-based method is more efficient for the detection and isolation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from poorly filterable water than the ISO 17995 standard. It also is less time-consuming, taking only 72 h and comprising three steps, while the ISO standard method requires five or six steps and 144-192 h. This novel culture method, based on high-speed centrifugation, bacterial motility, and selective cultivation conditions, can be used for the detection and isolation of various bacteria from water samples.
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Strakova N, Korena K, Karpiskova R. Klebsiella pneumoniae producing bacterial toxin colibactin as a risk of colorectal cancer development - A systematic review. Toxicon 2021; 197:126-135. [PMID: 33901549 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiota can significantly contribute to colorectal cancer initiation and development. It was described that E. coli harbouring polyketide synthase (pks) genes can synthetize bacterial toxin colibactin, which was first described by Nougayrede's group in 2006. E. coli positive for pks genes were overrepresented in colorectal cancer biopsies and, therefore, prevalence and the effect of pks positive bacteria as a risk factor in colorectal cancer development is in our interest. Interestingly, pks gene cluster in E. coli shares a striking 100% sequence identity with K. pneumoniae, suggesting that their function and regulation are conserved. Moreover, K. pneumoniae can express a variety of virulence factors, including capsules, siderophores, iron-scavenging systems, adhesins and endotoxins. It was reported that pks cluster and thereby colibactin is also related to the hypervirulence of K. pneumoniae. Acquisition of the pks locus is associated with K. pneumoniae gut colonisation and mucosal invasion. Colibactin also increases the likelihood of serious complications of bacterial infections, such as development of meningitis and potentially tumorigenesis. Even though K. pneumoniae is undoubtedly a gut colonizer, the role of pks positive K. pneumoniae in GIT has not yet been investigated. It seems that CRC-distinctive microbiota is already present in the early stages of cancer development and, therefore, microbiome analysis could help to discover the early stages of cancer, which are crucial for effectiveness of anticancer therapy. We hypothesize, that pks positive K. pneumoniae can be a potential biomarker of tumour prevalence and anticancer therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Strakova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Kristyna Korena
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, Czech Republic
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Gelbicova T, Florianova M, Hluchanova L, Kalova A, Korena K, Strakova N, Karpiskova R. Comparative Analysis of Genetic Determinants Encoding Cadmium, Arsenic, and Benzalkonium Chloride Resistance in Listeria monocytogenes of Human, Food, and Environmental Origin. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:599882. [PMID: 33519740 PMCID: PMC7840573 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.599882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes is a complex process involving various mechanisms that can contribute to their survival in the environment, further spreading throughout the food chain and the development of listeriosis. The aim of this study was to analyze whole-genome sequencing data in a set of 270 strains of L. monocytogenes derived from human listeriosis cases and food and environmental sources in order to compare the prevalence and type of genetic determinants encoding cadmium, arsenic, and benzalkonium chloride resistance. Most of the detected genes of cadmium (27.8%), arsenic (15.6%), and benzalkonium chloride (7.0%) resistance were located on mobile genetic elements, even in phylogenetically distant lineages I and II, which indicates the possibility of their horizontal spread. Although no differences were found in the prevalence of these genes between human and food strains, they have been detected sporadically in strains from the environment. Regarding cadmium resistance genes, cadA1C1_Tn5422 predominated, especially in clonal complexes (CCs) 121, 8, and 3 strains. At the same time, qacH_Tn6188-encoding benzalkonium chloride resistance was most frequently detected in the genome of CC121 strains. Genes encoding arsenic resistance were detected mainly in strains CC2 (located on the chromosomal island LGI2) and CC9 (carried on Tn554). The results indicated a relationship between the spread of genes encoding resistance to cadmium, arsenic, and benzalkonium chloride in certain serotypes and CCs and showed the need for a more extensive study of L. monocytogenes strains to better understand their ability to adapt to the food production environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Gelbicova
- Department of Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martina Florianova
- Department of Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lucie Hluchanova
- Department of Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alžběta Kalova
- Department of Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kristýna Korena
- Department of Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Department of Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renáta Karpiskova
- Department of Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Shagieva E, Teren M, Michova H, Strakova N, Karpiskova R, Demnerova K. Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and luxS Sequencing of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated From Water in the Czech Republic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:596613. [PMID: 33330139 PMCID: PMC7718015 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microaerophilic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. Even though it has a reputation as a fastidious organism, C. jejuni is widespread and can be easily isolated from various animals, food, and environmental sources. It is suggested that an ability to form biofilms is probably necessary for the survival of C. jejuni under harsh environmental conditions. The first step required for successful biofilm formation is adhesion to a suitable surface. Therefore, in this work, the degree of adhesion was evaluated, followed by characterization and quantification of biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 15 isolates of C. jejuni were used in the experiments (12 isolates from surface and waste waters, 1 human clinical, 1 food and 1 ACTT BAA-2151 collection strain, all samples originated from the Czech Republic). Regardless of the sample origin, all C. jejuni isolates were able to adhere to the polystyrene surface within 30 min, with the number of attached cells increasing with the time of incubation. The resulting data showed that all isolates were able to form complex voluminous biofilms after 24 h of cultivation. The average amount of biovolume ranged from 3.59 × 106 µm3 to 17.50 × 106 µm3 in isolates obtained from different sources of water, 16.79 × 106 µm3 in the food isolate and 10.92 × 106 µm3 in the collection strain. However, the highest amount of biomass was produced by the human clinical isolate (25.48 × 106 µm3). Similar to the quantity, the architecture of the biofilms also differed, from a rugged flat monolayer of cells to large clustered structures. Further, all isolates were tested for the presence of the luxS gene, as the luxS/AI-2 (autoinducer-2) quorum sensing pathway has been previously connected with enhanced biofilm formation. Two isolates originated from surface waters did not possess the luxS gene. These isolates formed thinner and sparser biofilms lacking the presence of significant clusters. However, the ability to adhere to the surface was preserved. The sequencing of the luxS-containing fragments shown a high similarity of the luxS gene among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shagieva
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Teren
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Michova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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Ehrmann J, Strakova N, Vrzalikova K, Hezova R, Kolar Z. Expression of STATs and their inhibitors SOCS and PIAS in brain tumors. In vitro and in vivo study. Neoplasma 2008; 55:482-487. [PMID: 18999875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteins of STAT family belongs to the transcription factors. Through their binding to the DNA specific sites and consequent regulation of transcription of various genes, these signaling proteins play an important role in many cell functions. Recent studies demonstrated persistent activation of STATs and loss of their natural inhibitors SOCS and PIAS in various human cancers. There is also evidence that experimental pharmacologic or genetic modulation of their function mignt by a new approach in anticancer treatment. The aim of this study was in vitro assesment and analysis of expression of STATs, SOCS and PIAS in glioblastoma cell lines undergoing treatment by PPARgamma agonists/antagonists because PPARgamma and STATs are tightly regulated by an overlapping set of nuclear regulatory proteins. We further analysed immunohistochemical expression of these proteins in vivo, with its correlation to grading in various brain tumors. The results of in vitro study showed decreased expression of phosphorylated form of STAT3 and increase of its inhibitors SOCS3 and PIAS3 in glioblastoma cell lines after treatment with IC50 of PPARgamma agonist ciglitazone. In vivo study failed to reveal changes in STAT3 and SOCS3 expression in either low and high grade astrocytomas, however we detect lower expression of STAT2 in low grade astrocytomas when comparing with high grade astrocytomas and lower expression of STAT3 in ependymomas when comparing with anaplastic ones. The results showed existing relationship between STAT and PPARgamma signaling in glial tumors and further suppport expected important role of STATs in regulation of growth and differentiation in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ehrmann
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology & Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Strakova N, Ehrmann J, Bartos J, Malikova J, Dolezel J, Kolar Z. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) agonists affect cell viability, apoptosis and expression of cell cycle related proteins in cell lines of glial brain tumors. Neoplasma 2005; 52:126-36. [PMID: 15800711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptors PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) are transcription factors activated by specific ligands. PPARs play an important role in carcinogenesis, inflammation, atherosclerosis, lipid metabolism and diabetes. There is evidence that activation of PPARs by specific ligands is able to suppress the growth of different types of human cancer by mechanisms including the growth arrest, apoptosis and induction of differentiation, although the detailed signalling pathways have not been completely elucidated to date. The aim of our study was to determine whether synthetic ligands of PPARalpha and PPARgamma could affect the viability, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and expression of some cell cycle related proteins in glial tumor cell lines. The study was performed on human glioblastoma cell lines U-87 MG, T98G, A172 and U-118 MG. Cell lines were treated by ligands of PPARalpha (bezafibrate, gemfibrozil) and PPARgamma (ciglitazone). MTT, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay and immunoblotting were used for detection of changes in cell viability, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Bezafibrate, ciglitazone and gemfibrozil inhibited viability of glioblastoma cell lines. The synthetic ligands significantly reduced or induced the expression of cyclins, p27Kip1, p21Waf1/Cip1, MDM-2, Bcl-2, Bax, PARP, Caspase 3, androgen receptors, etc. and did not affect the expression of the differentiation marker GFAP. Flow cytometry confirmed arrest of the cell cycle although the detection of apoptosis was controversial. Apart from hypolipidemic and hypoglycaemic effects, PPAR ligands may also have significant cytostatic effects of potential use in anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Strakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, CZ 77515, Czech Republic
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Strakova N, Ehrmann J, Dzubak P, Bouchal J, Kolar Z. The Synthetic Ligand of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Ciglitazone Affects Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004; 309:1239-47. [PMID: 14988421 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.103.063438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults, and it is among the most lethal of all cancers. Recent studies have shown that ligand activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma can induce differentiation and inhibit proliferation of several cancer cells. In this study, we have investigated whether one PPARgamma ligand in particular, ciglitazone, inhibits cell viability and, additionally, whether it affects the cell cycle and apoptosis of human glioblastoma cell lines T98G, U-87 MG, A172, and U-118 MG. All glioblastoma cell lines were found to express PPARgamma protein, and following treatment with ciglitazone, localization was unchanged. Ciglitazone inhibited viability in a dose-dependent manner in all four tested glioblastoma cells after 24 h of treatment. Analysis of the cell cycle showed arrest in the G(1) phase and partial block in G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Cyclin D1 and cyclin B expression was decreased. Phosphorylation of Rb protein dropped as well. We found that ciglitazone was followed by increased expression of p27(Kip1) and p21(Waf1/Cip1). It also led to apoptosis induction: bax expression in T98G was elevated. Expression of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-2 was reduced in U-118 MG and U-87 MG and showed a slight decrease in A172 cells. Flow cytometry confirmed the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, PPARgamma ligand decreased telomerase activity in U-87 MG and U-118 MG cell lines. Our results demonstrate that ciglitazone inhibits the viability of human glioblastoma cell lines via induction of apoptosis; as a result, this ligand may offer potential new therapy for the treatment of central nervous system neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Strakova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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