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Kavanova K, Kostovova I, Moravkova M, Kubasova T, Babak V, Crhanova M. Comparative Genome Analysis and Characterization of the Probiotic Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of Wild Boars in the Czech Republic. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10259-7. [PMID: 38652229 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics are crucial components for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota in pigs, especially during the weaning period. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from the gastrointestinal tract of wild boars can serve as an abundant source of beneficial probiotic strains with suitable properties for use in pig husbandry. In this study, we analyzed and characterized 15 strains of Limosilactobacillus mucosae obtained from the gut contents of wild boars to assess their safety and suitability as probiotic candidates. The strains were compared using pan-genomic analysis with 49 L. mucosae strains obtained from the NCBI database. All isolated strains demonstrated their safety by showing an absence of transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes and hemolysin activity. Based on the presence of beneficial genes, five candidates with probiotic properties were selected and subjected to phenotypic profiling. These five selected isolates exhibited the ability to survive conditions mimicking passage through the host's digestive tract, such as low pH and the presence of bile salts. Furthermore, five selected strains demonstrated the presence of corresponding carbohydrate-active enzymes and the ability to utilize various carbohydrate substrates. These strains can enhance the digestibility of oligosaccharide or polysaccharide substrates found in food or feed, specifically resistant starch, α-galactosides, cellobiose, gentiobiose, and arabinoxylans. Based on the results obtained, the L. mucosae isolates tested in this study appear to be promising candidates for use as probiotics in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kavanova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Iveta Kostovova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Moravkova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kubasova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Faldynova M, Prikrylova H, Sebkova A, Volf J, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Babak V, Rychlik I. Contact with adult hens affects the composition of skin and respiratory tract microbiota in newly hatched chicks. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103302. [PMID: 38052128 PMCID: PMC10746563 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens in commercial production are hatched in hatcheries without any contact with their parents and colonization of their skin and respiratory tract is therefore dependent on environmental sources only. However, since chickens evolved to be hatched in nests, in this study we evaluated the importance of contact between hens and chicks for the development of chicken skin and tracheal microbiota. Sequencing of PCR amplified V3/V4 variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene showed that contact with adult hens decreased the abundance of E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Clostridium perfringens both in skin and the trachea, and Acinetobacter johnsonii and Cutibacterium acnes in skin microbiota only. These species were replaced by Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus aviarius, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, and Streptococcus pasterianus in the skin and tracheal microbiota of contact chicks. Lactobacilli can be therefore investigated for their probiotic effect in respiratory tract in the future. Skin and respiratory microbiota of contact chickens was also enriched for Phascolarctobacterium, Succinatimonas, Flavonifractor, Blautia, and [Ruminococcus] torque though, since these are strict anaerobes from the intestinal tract, it is likely that only DNA from nonviable cells was detected for these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Faldynova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Prikrylova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Sebkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 62100, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Schwarzerova J, Zeman M, Babak V, Jureckova K, Nykrynova M, Varga M, Weckwerth W, Dolejska M, Provaznik V, Rychlik I, Cejkova D. Detecting horizontal gene transfer among microbiota: an innovative pipeline for identifying co-shared genes within the mobilome through advanced comparative analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0196423. [PMID: 38099617 PMCID: PMC10782964 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01964-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a key driver in the evolution of bacterial genomes. The acquisition of genes mediated by HGT may enable bacteria to adapt to ever-changing environmental conditions. Long-term application of antibiotics in intensive agriculture is associated with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria with the consequences causing public health concern. Commensal farm-animal-associated gut microbiota are considered the reservoir of the resistance genes. Therefore, in this study, we identified known and not-yet characterized mobilized genes originating from chicken and porcine fecal samples using our innovative pipeline followed by network analysis to provide appropriate visualization to support proper interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schwarzerova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Zeman
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Katerina Jureckova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Nykrynova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Margaret Varga
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Valentine Provaznik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Cejkova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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Modra H, Ulmann V, Gersl M, Babak V, Konecny O, Hubelova D, Caha J, Kudelka J, Falkinham JO, Pavlik I. River Sediments Downstream of Villages in a Karstic Watershed Exhibited Increased Numbers and Higher Diversity of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria. Microb Ecol 2023; 87:15. [PMID: 38102317 PMCID: PMC10724323 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The impact of residential villages on the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in streams flowing through them has not been studied in detail. Water and sediments of streams are highly susceptible to anthropogenic inputs such as surface water flows. This study investigated the impact of seven residential villages in a karst watershed on the prevalence and species spectrum of NTM in water and sediments. Higher NTM species diversity (i.e., 19 out of 28 detected) was recorded downstream of the villages and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) compared to sampling sites upstream (i.e., 5). Significantly, higher Zn and lower silicon concentrations were detected in sediments inside the village and downstream of the WWTP's effluents. Higher phosphorus concentration in sediment was downstream of WWTPs compared to other sampling sites. The effluent from the WWTPs had a substantial impact on water quality parameters with significant increases in total phosphorus, anions (Cl-and N-NH3-), and cations (Na+ and K+). The results provide insights into NTM numbers and species diversity distribution in a karst watershed and the impact of urban areas. Although in this report the focus is on the NTM, it is likely that other water and sediment microbes will be influenced as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Modra
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vit Ulmann
- Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske Nam. 7, 702 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Gersl
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Konecny
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Hubelova
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Caha
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kudelka
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivo Pavlik
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Korena K, Krzyzankova M, Florianova M, Karasova D, Babak V, Strakova N, Juricova H. Microbial Succession in the Cheese Ripening Process-Competition of the Starter Cultures and the Microbiota of the Cheese Plant Environment. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1735. [PMID: 37512907 PMCID: PMC10385115 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A large variety of cheeses can be produced using different manufacturing processes and various starter or adjunct cultures. In this study, we have described the succession of the microbial population during the commercial production and subsequent ripening of smear-ripened cheese using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The composition of the microbiota during the first 6 days of production was constant and consisted mainly of LAB (lactic acid bacteria) originating from the starter culture. From day 7, the proportion of LAB decreased as other bacteria from the production environment appeared. From the 14th day of production, the relative proportion of LAB decreased further, and at the end of ripening, bacteria from the environment wholly dominated. These adventitious microbiota included Psychrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis/hodoensis, Vibrio toranzoniae, and Vibrio litoralis (Proteobacteria phylum), as well as Vagococcus and Marinilactibacillus (Firmicutes phylum), Psychrilyobacter (Fusobacteria phylum), and Malaciobacter marinus (Campylobacterota phylum), all of which appeared to be characteristic taxa associated with the cheese rind. Subsequent analysis showed that the production and ripening of smear-ripened cheese could be divided into three stages, and that the microbiota compositions of samples from the first week of production, the second week of production, and supermarket shelf life all differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Korena
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martina Florianova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Juricova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Babak V, Suprun M, Beketova T. AB0606 Health-related quality of life in patients with rituximab-induced remission of ANCA-associated vasculitis: registry-based cohort studies. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSurvival rate in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) has significantly improved due to anti-B cell therapy with rituximab (RTX). The main issue now appears to be the management of comorbidities and the improvement of quality of life.ObjectivesBased on a prospective analysis of the single centre registry of AAV patients (pts) treated with RTX, to study the impact of sustained remission on health-related quality of life using Short-Form 36 (SF-36).MethodsHealth-related quality of life was assessed in 70 AAV pts: 35 (50%) with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 24 (34.3%) - microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 11 (15,7%) - eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). The mean age was 49,7 ± 15,7 years, 53% women. The median total dose of RTX was 4.3± 2,5 g. As a rule, a reduced dose of RTX 500 mg was used for repeated courses. Mean duration of RTX therapy 46.8 ± 29.4 months. Remission of AAV was defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score = 0 regardless of prednisone treatment or dosage. All pts were in remission.ResultsIn 70 patients the average indicators of physical functioning: MPA 62.5 (47.5, 78.8), GPA 75 (55, 92.5), EGPA 60 (45, 77.5); social functioning: MPA 25 (0, 56.3), GPA 50 (25, 100), EGPA 50 (12.5, 62.5), physical health component: MPA 41.6 (31.5, 44.8), GPA 43.7 (36.7, 52.5), EGPA 38.7 (33.8, 45). There were no significant differences between men and women within the GPA, MPA, and EGPA groups. There were also no differences between different age groups. When comparing the EGPA group with GPA or MPA, no significant differences were found. At the same time, in patients with MPA, the indicators of physical functioning (p=0.015, w= 3.92) and the physical component of health (p=0.012, w 4.026) were significantly lower than in patients with GPA.ConclusionRTX maintenance allows to achieve a good quality of life in AAV pts. SF-36 summary measures were significantly higher in GPA pts compared with MPA. Further research is required to analyze the effect of AAV phenotype and complications on health-related quality of life.References[1]V.N. Amirdzhanova, D.V. Goryachev, N.I. Korshunov, et al. Population indicators of the quality of life according to the SF-36 questionnaire (results of the multicenter study of the quality of life “MIRAGE”) SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL RHEUMATOLOGY No. 1, 2008. https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2008-3[2]Yun, JD., Ha, J., Kim, S. et al. Predictor of depressive disorders in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis. Clin Rheumatol 38, 3485–3491 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-019-04657-4Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Popov I, Babak V, Beketova T. AB0614 Late-onset neutropenia after rituximab treatment in patients with ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis: a retrospective analysis of a register-based patient cohort. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAnti-B-cell therapy with rituximab (RTX) plays an important role in the induction and maintenance therapy of ANCA- associated vasculitis (AAV). Late-onset neutropenia (LON) has been reported following RTX therapy.ObjectivesBased on a retrospective analysis of the register of AAV patients (pts) treated with RTX, to study the incidence and outcomes of LON.Methods140 AAV pts (median age 52 (20-83) years, 57% women) were treated with RTX between 2009 to 2021: 63 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 45 microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 24 eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), and 8 unclassified AAV. The median total dose of RTX was 3.5 (0.5-45) g. As a rule, single 500-mg infusions were used with an interval of 4-6 months for retreatment courses. The duration of follow-up exceeded 6 months after the first dose of RTX. Regular pts monitoring every 3 months included estimation absolute neutrophil count (ANC). LON was defined as unexplained neutropenia occurring 3 weeks after the last RTX infusion.ResultsLON I-IV grade was noted in 16 (11.4%) AAV pts: 6 GPA, 4 MPA, 4 EGPA, and 2 unclassified AAV. In 7 out of 16 cases (43.7%) LON developed after the first course of RTX. Neutropenia grade I was observed in 3 pts (ANC 1.68-2.0x109/l, 2-15.5 months after the last RTX infusion), grade II - in 4 patients (1.1-1.5x109/l, 3-9 months after RTX). Neutropenia grade I-II resolved independently, without adverse reactions. LON grade IV was noted in 9 pts (0.06-0.3x109/l, 1.1-11 months after RTX), 3 of them received leukopoiesis-stimulating drugs with normalization of ANC. In one EGPA pt febrile LON grade IV developed twice (in 2017, 11 months after RTX; in 2019, 4 months after RTX and complicated by uterine bleeding). Fatal outcome occurred in 5 out of 16 cases (31.2%): 1 MPA, 3 GPA, and 1 EGPA. In 3 fatal cases LON was complicated by pneumonia (in 2 with septic shock), in one with acute myocardial infarction and another one with progression of chronic renal failure. According to our registry, the total mortality among 140 AAV pts receiving RTX was 11.4%, while 5 of 16 fatal cases (31.2%) had LON grade IV. Three of the 5 death were noted in 2013-2014, which attributed to the use of cyclophosphamide >2 gm before RTX, as well as insufficient awareness of the risk of LON, which contributed to the delay in control of a full blood count, untimely diagnosis of LON and late treatment. At the beginning, the original drug Mabthera was used, while after 2014 biosimilar Acellbia was mainly used.The disadvantages of this study: the lack of information about the ANC in 4 cases with COVID-19 and fatal outcome.ConclusionLON after RTX therapy can develop in 11.4% of AAV pts, which exceeds the data for rheumatoid arthritis (1,3-3%) [1,2]. Our register data are lower than the rate of LON in AAV, presented by D. Tesfa et al. (23%) [1], which could be affected by the use of low-dose RTX for retreatment courses. LON accounts for a significant part in the structure of deaths of AAV pts (31.2%). It needs to careful monitoring of ANC in pts receiving RTX and awareness of both pts and physicians about the risk of LON.References[1]Tesfa D, Ajeganova S, Hägglund H, et al. Late-onset neutropenia following rituximab therapy in rheumatic diseases: association with B lymphocyte depletion and infections. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(8):2209-14.[2]Salmon J.H., Cacoub P., Combe B., et al. Late-onset neutropenia after treatment with rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases: data from the Autoimmunity and Rituximab registry. RMD Open.2015; 1.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Karasova D, Faldynova M, Matiasovicova J, Sebkova A, Crhanova M, Kubasova T, Seidlerova Z, Prikrylova H, Volf J, Zeman M, Babak V, Juricova H, Rajova J, Vlasatikova L, Rysavka P, Rychlik I. Host Species Adaptation of Obligate Gut Anaerobes Is Dependent on Their Environmental Survival. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061085. [PMID: 35744604 PMCID: PMC9229247 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota of warm-blooded vertebrates consists of bacterial species belonging to two main phyla; Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, does it mean that the same bacterial species are found in humans and chickens? Here we show that the ability to survive in an aerobic environment is central for host species adaptation. Known bacterial species commonly found in humans, pigs, chickens and Antarctic gentoo penguins are those capable of extended survival under aerobic conditions, i.e., either spore-forming, aerotolerant or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Such bacteria are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, which acts as the source of infection with similar probability in humans, pigs, chickens, penguins and likely any other warm-blooded omnivorous hosts. On the other hand, gut anaerobes with no specific adaptation for survival in an aerobic environment exhibit host adaptation. This is associated with their vertical transmission from mothers to offspring and long-term colonisation after administration of a single dose. This knowledge influences the design of next-generation probiotics. The origin of aerotolerant or spore-forming probiotic strains may not be that important. On the other hand, if Bacteroidetes and other host-adapted species are used as future probiotics, host preference should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Marcela Faldynova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Jitka Matiasovicova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Alena Sebkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Tereza Kubasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Zuzana Seidlerova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Hana Prikrylova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Jiri Volf
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Michal Zeman
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Helena Juricova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Jana Rajova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Lenka Vlasatikova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
| | - Petr Rysavka
- Medi Pharma Vision Ltd., 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.K.); (M.F.); (J.M.); (A.S.); (M.C.); (T.K.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (J.V.); (M.Z.); (V.B.); (H.J.); (J.R.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-533-331-201
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Cechova M, Beinhauerova M, Babak V, Kralik P. A viability assay combining palladium compound treatment with quantitative PCR to detect viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4769. [PMID: 35306522 PMCID: PMC8934341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a pathogenic bacterium causing the paratuberculosis, chronic and infectious disease common particularly in wild and domestic ruminants. Currently, culture techniques to detect viable MAP are still used most commonly, although these require a long incubation period. Consequently, a faster molecular method for assessing MAP cell viability based on cell membrane integrity was introduced consisting of sample treatment with the intercalation dye propidium monoazide (PMA) followed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). However, the PMA-qPCR assay is complicated by demanding procedures involving work in a darkroom and on ice. In this study, we therefore optimized a viability assay combining sample treatment with palladium (Pd) compounds as an alternative viability marker to PMA, which does not require such laborious procedures, with subsequent qPCR. The optimized Pd-qPCR conditions consisting of 90 min exposure to 30 µM bis(benzonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) or 30 µM palladium(II)acetate at 5 °C and using ultrapure water as a resuspension medium resulted in differences in quantification cycle (Cq) values between treated live and dead MAP cells of 8.5 and 7.9, respectively, corresponding to approximately 2.5 log units. In addition, Pd-qPCR proved to be superior to PMA-qPCR in distinguishing between live and dead MAP cells. The Pd-qPCR viability assay thus has the potential to replace time-consuming culture methods and demanding PMA-qPCR in the detection and quantification of viable MAP cells with possible application in food, feed, clinical and environmental samples.
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Cechova M, Beinhauerova M, Babak V, Slana I, Kralik P. A Novel Approach to the Viability Determination of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Using Platinum Compounds in Combination With Quantitative PCR. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:748337. [PMID: 34899636 PMCID: PMC8652053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.748337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) represents a slow-growing bacterium causing paratuberculosis, especially in domestic and wild ruminants. Until recently, the assessment of MAP viability relied mainly on cultivation, which is very time consuming and is unable to detect viable but non-culturable cells. Subsequently, viability PCR, a method combining sample treatment with the DNA-modifying agent ethidium monoazide (EMA) or propidium monoazide (PMA) and quantitative PCR (qPCR), was developed, enabling the selective detection of MAP cells with an intact cell membrane. However, this technology requires a laborious procedure involving the need to work in the dark and on ice. In our study, a method based on a combination of platinum compound treatment and qPCR, which does not require such a demanding procedure, was investigated to determine mycobacterial cell viability. The conditions of platinum compound treatment were optimized for the fast-growing mycobacterium M. smegmatis using live and heat-killed cells. The optimal conditions consisting of a single treatment with 100 μM cis-dichlorodiammine platinum(II) for 60 min at 5°C resulted in a difference in quantification cycle (Cq) values between live and dead membrane-compromised mycobacterial cells of about 6 Cq corresponding to about 2 log10 units. This optimized viability assay was eventually applied to MAP cells and demonstrated a better ability to distinguish between live and heat-killed mycobacteria as compared to PMA. The viability assay combining the Pt treatment with qPCR thereby proved to be a promising method for the enumeration of viable MAP cells in foodstuffs, environmental, and clinical samples which could replace the time-consuming cultivation or laborious procedures required when using PMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cechova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Monika Beinhauerova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Iva Slana
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Kralik
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czechia
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Hubelova D, Ulmann V, Mikuska P, Licbinsky R, Alexa L, Modra H, Gersl M, Babak V, Weston RT, Pavlik I. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Prevalence in Aerosol and Spiders' Webs in Karst Caves: Low Risk for Speleotherapy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122573. [PMID: 34946174 PMCID: PMC8705795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 152 aerosol and spider web samples were collected: 96 spider’s webs in karst areas in 4 European countries (Czech Republic, France, Italy, and Slovakia), specifically from the surface environment (n = 44), photic zones of caves (n = 26), and inside (aphotic zones) of caves (n = 26), 56 Particulate Matter (PM) samples from the Sloupsko-Sosuvsky Cave System (speleotherapy facility; n = 21) and from aerosol collected from the nearby city of Brno (n = 35) in the Czech Republic. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) were isolated from 13 (13.5%) spider’s webs: 5 isolates of saprophytic NTM (Mycobacterium gordonae, M. kumamotonense, M. terrae, and M. terrae complex) and 6 isolates of potentially pathogenic NTM (M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. fortuitum, M. intracellulare, M. peregrinum and M. triplex). NTM were not isolated from PM collected from cave with the speleotherapy facility although mycobacterial DNA was detected in 8 (14.3%) samples. Temperature (8.2 °C, range 8.0–8.4 °C) and relative humidity (94.7%, range 93.6–96.6%) of air in this cave were relatively constant. The average PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentration was 5.49 µg m−3 and 11.1 µg m−3. Analysed anions (i.e., F−, Cl−, NO2−, SO42−, PO43− and NO3−) originating largely from the burning of wood and coal for residential heating in nearby villages in the surrounding area. The air in the caves with speleotherapy facilities should be monitored with respect to NTM, PM and anions to ensure a safe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Hubelova
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Vit Ulmann
- Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske Nam. 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Mikuska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Veveri 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Roman Licbinsky
- Transport Research Centre, Lisenska 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukas Alexa
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the CAS, Veveri 97, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (L.A.)
| | - Helena Modra
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Milan Gersl
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ross Tim Weston
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Ivo Pavlik
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (D.H.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-773-491-836
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Pavlik I, Ulmann V, Modra H, Gersl M, Rantova B, Zukal J, Zukalova K, Konecny O, Kana V, Kubalek P, Babak V, Weston RT. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Prevalence in Bats' Guano from Caves and Attics of Buildings Studied by Culture and qPCR Examinations. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112236. [PMID: 34835362 PMCID: PMC8620717 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 281 guano samples were collected from caves (N = 181) in eight European countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and attics in the Czech R. (N = 100). The correlation of detection of mycobacteria between Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) microscopy and culture examination and qPCR was strong. ZN microscopy was positive in guano from caves (58.6%) more than double than positivity in guano from attics (21.0%; p < 0.01). From 89 mycobacterial isolates (73 isolates from cave guano and 16 isolates from attics’ guano), 68 (76.4%) isolates of 19 sp., ssp. and complex were identified as members of three Groups (M. fortuitum, M.chelonae, and M. mucogenicum) and four complexes (M. avium, M. terrae, M.vaccae, and M.smegmatis). A total of 20 isolates (22.5%) belonged to risk group 1 (environmental saprophytes), 48 isolates (53.9%) belonged to risk group 2 (potential pathogens), and none of the isolates belonged to risk group 3 (obligatory pathogens). When comparing bat guano collected from caves and attics, differences (p < 0.01; Mann–Whitney test) were observed for the electrical conductivity, total carbon, total organic, and total inorganic carbon. No difference (p > 0.05; Mann–Whitney test) was found for pH and oxidation-reduction potential parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Pavlik
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (O.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-773-491-836
| | - Vit Ulmann
- Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske Nam. 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Helena Modra
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Milan Gersl
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.G.); (B.R.)
| | - Barbora Rantova
- Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1/1665, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.G.); (B.R.)
| | - Jan Zukal
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Kvetna 8, 603 65 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Katerina Zukalova
- Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho Tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ondrej Konecny
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.M.); (O.K.)
| | - Vlastislav Kana
- Museum Blanenska, Zamek 1/1, 678 01 Blansko, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavel Kubalek
- Central Bohemian Archaeological Heritage Institute, Nad Olsinami 448/3, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ross Tim Weston
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
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Ulmann V, Modrá H, Babak V, Weston RT, Pavlik I. Recovery of Mycobacteria from Heavily Contaminated Environmental Matrices. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102178. [PMID: 34683499 PMCID: PMC8538195 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For epidemiology studies, a decontamination method using a solution containing 4.0% NaOH and 0.5% tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDAB) represents a relatively simple and universal procedure for processing heavily microbially contaminated matrices together with increase of mycobacteria yield and elimination of gross contamination. A contamination rate only averaging 7.3% (2.4% in Cluster S; 6.9% in Cluster R and 12.6% in Cluster E) was found in 787 examined environmental samples. Mycobacteria were cultured from 28.5% of 274 soil and water sediments samples (Cluster S), 60.2% of 251 samples of raw and processed peat and other horticultural substrates (Cluster R), and 29.4% of 262 faecal samples along with other samples of animal origin (Cluster E). A total of 38 species of slow and rapidly growing mycobacteria were isolated. M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. fortuitum and M. malmoense were the species most often isolated. The parameters for the quantitative detection of mycobacteria by PCR can be significantly refined by treating the sample suspension before DNA isolation with PMA (propidium monoazide) solution. This effectively eliminates DNA residue from both dead mycobacterial cells and potentially interfering DNA segments present from other microbial flora. In terms of human exposure risk assessment, the potential exposure to live non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be more accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Ulmann
- Public Health Institute in Ostrava, Partyzanske Nam. 7, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Helena Modrá
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Ross Tim Weston
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Ivo Pavlik
- Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Tr. Generala Piky 7, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-773-491-836
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Beketova T, Babak V, Suprun M. AB0670 THE COURSE AND OUTCOMES OF COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH ANCA-ASSOCIATED SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS, RECEIVING ANTI-B CELL THERAPY WITH RITUXIMAB. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Currently, the issues of the effect of anti-B cell therapy on the risk of severe course of COVID-19 in patients (pts) with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) has not been completely studied.Objectives:We present an analysis of the COVID-19 incidence and outcomes in 126 AAV pts treated with rituximab (RTX) from one rheumatology center registry.Methods:Data were collected with telephone/online surveying between 11-15th November 2020 from all 126 AAV pts (58- granulomatosis with polyangiitis, GPA; 38- microscopic polyangiitis, MPA; 22- eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, EGPA (54% ANCA-negative); and 8- uncertain AAV). Pts age was 51 (20-81) yr, 62% women. Due to AAV activity or risk of relapse, during the pandemic RTX was prescribed in 48% pts.Results:The incidence of COVID-19 in AAV pts was 3.5% during the first 3 months of the pandemic, the course was uneventful, and all pts recovered. Since September 2020 a 4-fold increase in the incidence alongside with more severe course of COVID-19 were reported. After 8 months of the pandemic, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 21 (16.6%) pts with median age 55 yr, 57% women. COVID-19 incidence was lower in GPA (15.5%) vs MPA (21.1%) or EGPA (27.7%). The mortality rate was 14.3% (2- MPA, 1- GPA). When analyzing the 5-year survival rate of AAV pts treated with RTX, prognosis worsening was noted; in 2020 there were 3 deaths due to COVID-19, in the previous 5 years- only 2 deaths.Conclusion:Taking into account the fact the mechanisms of AAV and severe COVID-19 are largely synergistic (Table 1), primarily in the context of obstructive thromboinflammation as manifestation of acute inflammatory syndrome in COVID-19 [1], AAV can potentially contribute to the severe course of COVID-19. Anti-CD20 therapy seems to have a protective effect against severe COVID-19 [2], which, however, can be insufficient in AAV pts with active disease and multiple organ damage. Further analysis of COVID-19 cases in pts with AAV and other rheumatic diseases is exceptionally important.Table 1.Comparison of AAV and severe COVID-19ParameterAAVSevere COVID-19Lung damageHigh frequency of lung damagePossibly destructive lung damageDamage to other organsTypically affects the upper and lower airways and kidneys; Other organs can be involvedPossible extrapulmonary localizationVascular involvementSystemic necrotizing vasculitis of small vessels; In the active phase, hypercoagulationObstructive thromboinflammation of the microcirculation of lungs and extrapulmonary vessels; Increased incidence of Kawasaki syndrome during the pandemicInflammationHigh or very highVery highAutoantibodiesANCA pathogenetic roleDominant extrafollicular B cell responses; Сorrelation between SARS-CoV-2 antibody titer and severity of COVID-19; High titers of IFN-α2/ω autoantibodiesNeutrophilNeutrophils are the most important effector cells in the pathogenesisChanges in the morphology of neutrophils were noted; Netosis, the release of proteases from neutrophils promote the complement system activation, hypercoagulation, endotheliitis, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; An increase of neutrophils in the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were notedComplementComplement is crucial in the pathogenesis; C5a receptor antagonist Avacopan efficacyActivation of alternative/lectin complement pathways; C5 antagonist Eculizumab has been reported to be effectiveTreatmentImmunosuppressants; In the active phase, anticoagulantsAnticoagulants; Glucocorticoids, pro-inflammatory cytokine antagonists, JAK inhibitors, cyclosporinePrognosisSeriousHigh mortality rateReferences:[1]Ciceri F, et al. Microvascular COVID-19 lung vessels obstructive thromboinflammatory syndrome (MicroCLOTS): an atypical acute respiratory distress syndrome working hypothesis. Crit Care Resusc. 2020;22(2):95-7[2]Montero-Escribano P, et al. Anti-CD20 and COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis and related disorders: A case series of 60 patients from Madrid, Spain. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;42:102185Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Starovoytova M, Desinova O, Ananyeva LP, Koneva O, Garzanova L, Ovsyannikova O, Shayakhmetova R, Babak V, Beketova T. POS1232 COVID-19 IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: ONE RHEUMATOLOGY CENTER EXPERIENCE. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection or COVID-19 is a serious problem for patients with systemic autoimmune diseases Given the serious complications, including acute lung injury, patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially SSs associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), may represent a high risk group for infection and the development of severe COVID-19.Objectives:We present an analysis of the COVID-19 course and outcomes in 110 SSc pts.Methods:The study included 147 patients with SSc. The information was clarified by means of telephone survey after 10 months of the pandemic (December 2020). Covid-19 was diagnosed when confirmed by positive oral /nasopharyngeal swab, in the presence of positive antibodies and/or characteristic symptoms, and data from chest computed tomography (CT). 110 pts (77%) out of 147 patients in the SSc registry, gave the necessary information. COVID-19 was diagnosed in 59 pts (53 %). 42 pts (71%) had SSc-ILD. Pts mean age was 54.96 (s.d.11, min 31, max 79), 83% women (49 women and 10 men). 38 pts (65%) had a limited form of SSc, 15 (26%) pts had diffuse form SSc, 6% had overlap (SSc-polymyositis (PM) and SSc had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 3% had visceral form of SSc). All patients received low-dose prednisone, and more than half of the pts received immunosuppressive therapy. Rituximab therapy was performed in 24 pts (41%).Results:Almost all patients had positive swab from the oral cavity/nasopharynx. And only in 4 (7%) pts nasopharyngeal swabs were negative, in these patients specific antibodies and characteristic CT changes were detected. Chest CT was performed in 51 (86%) pts. Novel coronavirus pneumonia developed in the vast majority of pts - in 46 (78 %) pts. CT1 (up to 25% of lung lesions) had 10 (17%) pts, CT2 (25-50%) – 21(36%) pts, CT 3 (50-75%) – 15(25%) pts. In 5 (8.5%) pts no changes were detected on CT. The course of COVID-19 was mild and moderate (20 (34%) pts and 18 (31%) pts respectively), severe course was observed in 21 (35%) pts, including fatal in 12 (20%) pts. Among the deceased pts, only 1 patient with SSc-PM had not had ILD, but 7 patients had been treated with rituximab.Conclusion:SSc SARS-CoV-2-infected patients may be at risk of severe disease and mortality due to the frequent presence of ILD and the frequent use of immunosuppressive, including biological, therapy.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Karasova D, Crhanova M, Babak V, Jerabek M, Brzobohaty L, Matesova Z, Rychlik I. Development of piglet gut microbiota at the time of weaning influences development of postweaning diarrhea - A field study. Res Vet Sci 2020; 135:59-65. [PMID: 33444908 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Postweaning diarrhea is a common issue in pig production which is currently controlled by feed supplementation with zinc oxide. However, new alternatives are being sought due to an expected ban on zinc oxide in feed supplementation from 2022 in the EU. One possible alternative is to use novel types of probiotics consisting of microbiota characteristic for healthy weaned piglets. In this study, we therefore collected rectal swabs of piglets 3 days before weaning and 4 days after weaning in a commercial farm considering all risks of field trial like the use of antibiotics, classified the piglets as predisposed, healthy or sick and using 16S rRNA sequencing, we determined and compared the microbiota composition. Increased Actinobacteria before weaning was a marker of piglets predisposed for diarrhea. Increased Chlamydia or Helicobacter before weaning was surprisingly a marker of healthy and resistant piglets after weaning. After weaning, unclassified Clostridiales, Deltaproteobacteria, Selenomonadales, Fusobacterium, Akkermansia or Anaerovibrio increased in microbiota of piglets with postweaning diarrhea while an increase in Prevotella and Faecalibacterium was characteristic for healthy, weaned piglets. Both changes in individual microbiota members and also correct timing of microbiota reshaping around weaning and the increase of mainly Prevotella species just after weaning are equally important for resistance to postweaning diarrhea in piglets under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Jelinkova P, Hrdy J, Markova J, Dresler J, Pajer P, Pavlis O, Branich P, Borilova G, Reichelova M, Babak V, Reslova N, Kralik P. Development and Inter-Laboratory Validation of Diagnostics Panel for Detection of Biothreat Bacteria Based on MOL-PCR Assay. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010038. [PMID: 33374468 PMCID: PMC7823616 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of biohazardous bacteria that can be misused as biological weapons is one of the most important measures to prevent the spread and outbreak of biological warfare. For this reason, many instrument platforms need to be introduced into operation in the field of biological warfare detection. Therefore the purpose of this study is to establish a new detection panel for biothreat bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, and Brucella spp.) and confirm it by collaborative validation by using a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation followed by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization to microspheres by MagPix detection platform (MOL-PCR). Appropriate specific sequences in bacterial DNA were selected and tested to assemble the detection panel, and MOLigo probes (short specific oligonucleotides) were designed to show no cross-reactivity when tested between bacteria and to decrease the background signal measurement on the MagPix platform. During testing, sensitivity was assessed for all target bacteria using serially diluted DNA and was determined to be at least 0.5 ng/µL. For use as a diagnostic kit and easier handling, the storage stability of ligation premixes (MOLigo probe mixes) was tested. This highly multiplex method can be used for rapid screening to prevent outbreaks arising from the use of bacterial strains for bioterrorism, because time of analysis take under 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Jelinkova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Hrdy
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Markova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Jiri Dresler
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Oto Pavlis
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Pavel Branich
- Military Veterinary Institute, Opavska 29, 748 01 Hlucin, Czech Republic;
| | - Gabriela Borilova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Marketa Reichelova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
- Collection of Animal Pathogenic Microorganisms, Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Nikol Reslova
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Kralik
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (P.K.)
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18
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Husakova M, Kralik P, Babak V, Slana I. Efficiency of DNA Isolation Methods Based on Silica Columns and Magnetic Separation Tested for the Detection of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis in Milk and Faeces. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13225112. [PMID: 33198402 PMCID: PMC7697941 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Timely and reliable detection of animals shedding Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) should help to effectively identify infected animals and limit infection transmission at early stages to ensure effective control of paratuberculosis. The aim of the study was to compare DNA extraction methods and evaluate isolation efficiency using milk and faecal samples artificially contaminated by MAP with a focus on modern instrumental automatic DNA isolation procedures based on magnetic separation. In parallel, an automatic and manual version of magnetic separation and two methods of faecal samples preparation were compared. Commercially available DNA isolation kits were evaluated, and the selected kits were used in a trial of automatic magnetic beads-based isolation and compared with the manual version of each kit. Detection of the single copy element F57 was performed by qPCR to quantify MAP and determine the isolation efficiency. The evaluated kits showed significant differences in DNA isolation efficiencies. The best results were observed with the silica column Blood and Tissue kit for milk and Zymo Research for faeces. The highest isolation efficiency for magnetic separation was achieved with MagMAX for both matrices. The magnetic separation and silica column isolation methods used in this study represent frequently used methods in mycobacterial diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Husakova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
- Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin and of Gastronomy, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
| | - Iva Slana
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (P.K.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-777-786-711
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19
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Beinhauerova M, Babak V, Bertasi B, Boniotti MB, Kralik P. Utilization of Digital PCR in Quantity Verification of Plasmid Standards Used in Quantitative PCR. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:155. [PMID: 32850953 PMCID: PMC7403525 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a widely used method for nucleic acid quantification of various pathogenic microorganisms. For absolute quantification of microbial load by qPCR, it is essential to create a calibration curve from accurately quantified quantification standards, from which the number of pathogens in a sample is derived. Spectrophotometric measurement of absorbance is a routine method for estimating nucleic acid concentration, however, it may be affected by presence of other potentially contaminating nucleic acids or proteins and salts. Therefore, absorbance measurement is not reliable for estimating the concentration of stock solutions of quantification standards, based on which they are subsequently diluted. In this study, we utilized digital PCR (dPCR) for absolute quantification of qPCR plasmid standards and thus detecting possible discrepancies in the determination of the plasmid DNA number of standards derived from UV spectrophotometry. The concept of dPCR utilization for quantification of standards was applied on 45 qPCR assays using droplet-based and chip-based dPCR platforms. Using dPCR, we found that spectrophotometry overestimated the concentrations of standard stock solutions in the majority of cases. Furthermore, batch-to-batch variation in standard quantity was revealed, as well as quantitative changes in standards over time. Finally, it was demonstrated that droplet-based dPCR is a suitable tool for achieving defined quantity of quantification plasmid standards and ensuring the quantity over time, which is crucial for acquiring homogenous, reproducible and comparable quantitative data by qPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Beinhauerova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbara Bertasi
- Controllo Alimenti, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Tecnologie Biologiche Applicate, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Petr Kralik
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin and of Gastronomy, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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20
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Slany M, Dziedzinska R, Babak V, Kralik P, Moravkova M, Slana I. Toxoplasma gondii in vegetables from fields and farm storage facilities in the Czech Republic. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5542195. [PMID: 31365074 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii has usually been connected with consumption of improperly treated meat. However, contaminated water and products of plant origin have emerged as new sources of infection in the last few years. Here, 292 vegetable samples-carrot, cucumber and lettuce-obtained from nine farms in the Czech Republic were examined using triplex real time PCR targeting two specific T. gondii sequences. Irrigation water and water used for washing of vegetables were also included. Overall, a positivity rate of 9.6% was found in vegetables. The concentration varied between 1.31 × 100 and 9.00 × 102 oocysts/g of sample. A significant difference was found between the positivity of vegetables collected directly from fields and that of vegetables collected from farm storage rooms (4.4-8.6% vs 10-24.1%, respectively). All samples of irrigation water and water used to rinse vegetables were negative. Genotyping based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using seven markers revealed the exclusive presence of genotype II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Slany
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Dziedzinska
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kralik
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Moravkova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Slana
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Seidlerova Z, Kubasova T, Faldynova M, Crhanova M, Karasova D, Babak V, Rychlik I. Environmental Impact on Differential Composition of Gut Microbiota in Indoor Chickens in Commercial Production and Outdoor, Backyard Chickens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050767. [PMID: 32443788 PMCID: PMC7285315 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we compared the caecal microbiota composition of egg-laying hens from commercial production that are kept indoors throughout their whole life with microbiota of hens kept outdoors. The microbiota of outdoor hens consisted of lower numbers of bacterial species than the microbiota of indoor hens. At the phylum level, microbiota of outdoor hens was enriched for Bacteroidetes (62.41 ± 4.47% of total microbiota in outdoor hens and 52.01 ± 6.27% in indoor hens) and Proteobacteria (9.33 ± 4.99% in outdoor and 5.47 ± 2.24% in indoor hens). On the other hand, Firmicutes were more abundant in the microbiota of indoor hens (33.28 ± 5.11% in indoor and 20.66 ± 4.41% in outdoor hens). Horizontally transferrable antibiotic resistance genes tetO, tet(32), tet(44), and tetW were also less abundant in the microbiota of outdoor hens than indoor hens. A comparison of the microbiota composition at the genus and species levels pointed toward isolates specifically adapted to the two extreme environments. However, genera and species recorded as being similarly abundant in the microbiota of indoor and outdoor hens are equally as noteworthy because these represent microbiota members that are highly adapted to chickens, irrespective of their genetics, feed composition, and living environment.
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22
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Kubasova T, Kollarcikova M, Crhanova M, Karasova D, Cejkova D, Sebkova A, Matiasovicova J, Faldynova M, Sisak F, Babak V, Pokorna A, Cizek A, Rychlik I. Gut Anaerobes Capable of Chicken Caecum Colonisation. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120597. [PMID: 31766558 PMCID: PMC6956218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicks in commercial production are highly sensitive to enteric infections and their resistance can be increased by administration of complex adult microbiota. However, it is not known which adult microbiota members are capable of colonising the caecum of newly hatched chicks. In this study, we therefore orally inoculated chicks with pure cultures of 76 different bacterial isolates originating from chicken caecum on day 1 of life and determined their ability to colonise seven days later. The caecum of newly hatched chickens could be colonised by bacteria belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, or Verrucomicrobia, and isolates from class Negativicutes (phylum Firmicutes). On the other hand, we did not record colonisation with isolates from phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (except for Negativicutes), including isolates from families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Representatives of genera commonly used in probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, or Bacillus therefore did not colonise the chicken intestinal tract after a single dose administration. Following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the best protecting isolates increased the chicken’s resistance to S. Enteritidis only tenfold, which, however, means that none of the tested individual bacterial isolates on their own efficiently protected chicks against S. Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Kubasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Miloslava Kollarcikova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Darina Cejkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Alena Sebkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Jitka Matiasovicova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Marcela Faldynova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Frantisek Sisak
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Alexandra Pokorna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.) (A.C.)
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.) (A.C.)
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-533331201
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23
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Lorencova A, Babak V, Kralova A, Borilova G. Survival of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in raw fermented sausages during production and storage. Meat Sci 2019; 155:20-26. [PMID: 31059938 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, is considered to be a potential zoonotic pathogen and meat is one of the sources of MAP exposure for humans. MAP has been shown to be relatively resistant to different food processing methods, but there is a lack of information about the effects of ripening and fermentation processes on MAP survival in meat. Our results demonstrate that a short ripening process during teewurst production did not reduce MAP counts and viable mycobacteria were detected even during 4 weeks of storage. Although no viable MAP was recovered during the dry fermented sausage production process, there was no reduction in MAP count detected by real time PCR during production and storage of both sausages. Although the impact of foodborne exposure to viable MAP and/or mycobacterial components has not yet been clearly determined, the consumption of raw fermented meat products may be considered as a possible route of MAP transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Lorencova
- Food and Feed Safety Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Food and Feed Safety Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kralova
- Food and Feed Safety Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Borilova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Piskata Z, Servusova E, Babak V, Nesvadbova M, Borilova G. The Quality of DNA Isolated from Processed Food and Feed via Different Extraction Procedures. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061188. [PMID: 30917594 PMCID: PMC6471455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of DNA is a critical step for species identification by PCR analysis in processed food and feed products. In this study, eight DNA extraction procedures were compared—DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, DNeasy mericon Food Kit, chemagic DNA Tissue 10 Kit, Food DNA Isolation Kit, UltraPrep Genomic DNA Food Mini Prep Kit, High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit, phenol—chloroform extraction, and NucleoSpin Food—Using self-prepared samples from both raw and heat-processed and/or mechanically treated muscles and different types of meat products and pet food (pork, beef, and chicken). The yield, purity, and suitability of DNA for PCR amplification was evaluated. Additionally, comparisons between the effectiveness of various extraction methods were made with regard to price, and labor- and time-intensiveness. It was found that the DNeasy mericon Food Kit was the optimal choice for the extraction of DNA from raw muscle, heat-treated muscle, and homemade meat products from multiple and single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Piskata
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliska Servusova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, v.v.i., Hudcova 70, 62100 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michaela Nesvadbova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Gabriela Borilova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic.
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25
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Dziedzinska R, Vasickova P, Hrdy J, Slany M, Babak V, Moravkova M. Foodborne Bacterial, Viral, and Protozoan Pathogens in Field and Market Strawberries and Environment of Strawberry Farms. J Food Sci 2018; 83:3069-3075. [PMID: 30468260 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Field-grown strawberries, the environment of strawberry farms and fresh strawberries from marketplaces were examined for bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens. The presence of bacteria was determined using culture and real-time PCR (qPCR), presence of protozoa and viruses using qPCR and reverse transcription qPCR, respectively. The highest proportion of positivity was observed for Escherichia coli both in field and purchased strawberries (up to 48.6%). Finding of Cronobacter ranged from 0.6% to 9% both for field and market strawberries. The prevalence of other pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium sp., and Norovirus) in strawberries was below 4.5%; HAV was not detected at all. Positivity of the environment was determined to be lower than 2.1% for all microorganisms, except for E. coli. The concentration of pathogens in most samples did not exceed 100 CFU/g using culture and 1.8 × 102 GE/g of strawberries or swabbing area 6.1 × 102 GE/mL or swabbing area of environmental samples using qPCR. All studied farms applied preventive measures such as drip irrigation, avoidance of organic fertilizers, and use of mulch foils or gloves for workers to decrease contamination of strawberries. Despite this, certain pathogens were found in fresh strawberries. Even at low concentrations, these pathogens can be a source of infection for consumers. Thus, their presence in strawberries is of particular significance as these are mostly consumed fresh and without any thermal processing. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Nonlegislatively monitored pathogens of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin were found in strawberries. Monitoring the presence of these pathogens in ready-to-eat food is therefore meaningful and important in terms of food safety, especially in relation to pathogens with low infectious dose (for example, viruses, parasites).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jakub Hrdy
- Veterinary Research Inst., Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk Univ., Brno, Czech Republic
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26
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Moravkova M, Verbikova V, Huvarova V, Babak V, Cahlikova H, Karpiskova R, Kralik P. Occurrence of Cronobacter Spp. in Ready-to-Eat Vegetable Products, Frozen Vegetables, and Sprouts Examined Using Cultivation and Real-Time PCR Methods. J Food Sci 2018; 83:3054-3058. [PMID: 30468252 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Environmental matrices and food products are hypothesized to be sources of Cronobacter spp. The severity of neonatal infections, increasing number of cases in elderly and immunocompromised individuals, as well as isolation of Cronobacter spp. from clinical materials demands that more attention should be paid to Cronobacter spp. detection and occurrence of the bacteria in food products. Here, a total of 175 samples of ready-to-eat vegetables, frozen vegetables, and sprouted seeds were collected during a period of 1 year and examined for the presence of Cronobacter spp. using a cultivation method with two different sample preparations and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In total, Cronobacter spp. were detected in 22.3% of tested samples using cultivation. In comparison, direct qPCR detected Cronobacter spp. in 37.7% of these samples (p < 0.01; Fisher's exact test) and the numbers of genome equivalents per gram reached 108 in some samples of sprouts. Cronobacter spp. were isolated from 51.4%, 37.2%, and 5.2% samples of sprouts, frozen vegetables, and cut green leaves/salads, respectively. Using qPCR, the most frequently contaminated sample types were sprouts (91.4%) and frozen vegetables (60.5%), whereas the rate of positivity for cut green leaves/salads was, in comparison, only 8.2% (p < 0.01; χ2 -test for independence). PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provided valuable information on the occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in ready-to-eat vegetables using cultivation and qPCR. Cronobacter spp. are emerging opportunistic pathogens that can be present in food of plant origin. Cronobacter spp. were isolated from sprouts, frozen vegetables, and cut green leaves/salads, and the numbers of genome equivalents per gram reached 108 in some samples of sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Moravkova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Verbikova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Huvarova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Cahlikova
- Dept. of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Dept. of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kralik
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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27
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Huvarova V, Kralik P, Vasickova P, Kubankova M, Verbikova V, Slany M, Babak V, Moravkova M. Tracing of Selected Viral, Bacterial, and Parasitic Agents on Vegetables and Herbs Originating from Farms and Markets. J Food Sci 2018; 83:3044-3053. [PMID: 30462845 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fresh vegetables and herbs are usually prepared and eaten raw without cooking or heating, which leads to a high risk of foodborne infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the contamination of raw vegetables, herbs, and the environment of food chains. Vegetable and herb samples originating both from the Czech Republic as well as from other countries were examined. The work was focused on the detection of commonly found, but also less frequently monitored foodborne pathogens, including viruses of the genus Norovirus (NoVs), hepatitis A virus (HAV), Listeria monocytogenes and Cronobacter spp. bacteria, and the parasites Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis. All samples were analyzed using individual RT-qPCR/qPCR assays; bacterial pathogens were also simultaneously detected using culture methods. The prevalence of the studied microorganisms in 623 samples ranged from 0.6% to 44.3% for individual pathogens. None of the samples were positive for the presence of HAV. Analysis of 157 environmental samples from 12 farms revealed the presence of NoVs in the environment of four farms. NoVs were detected in water samples as well as on the hands and gloves of workers. Escherichia coli was detected in all farms in the environmental samples and in eight farms in water samples. However, no sample of water exceeded the level of 100 CFU/mL for E. coli. None of the samples of water were positive for the presence of the studied parasites. Vegetables and herbs available from Czech markets and farms may pose a certain risk of foodborne disease, especially in the case of NoVs and parasites. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides valuable information on the microbiological quality of raw vegetables and herbs available from Czech markets and farms. Good hygienic practices aimed at reducing the incidence of pathogenic agents on fresh produce should not be neglected. Emphasis should be placed on the control of irrigation water, especially with respect to norovirus contamination. It is appropriate to combine culture methods and qPCR methods for the detection of bacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Huvarova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk Univ. Brno, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno Bohunice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kralik
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vasickova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kubankova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Verbikova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Slany
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Moravkova
- Dept. of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Inst., Hudcova 296/70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
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Kubasova T, Davidova-Gerzova L, Babak V, Cejkova D, Montagne L, Le-Floc'h N, Rychlik I. Effects of host genetics and environmental conditions on fecal microbiota composition of pigs. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201901. [PMID: 30086169 PMCID: PMC6080793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since microbiota may influence the physiology of its host including body weight increase, growth rate or feed intake, in this study we determined the microbiota composition in high or low residual feed intake (HRFI and LRFI) pig lines, of different age and/or subjected to sanitary stress by sequencing the V3/V4 variable region of 16S rRNA genes. Allisonella, Megasphaera, Mitsuokella, Acidaminococcus (all belonging to Firmicutes/class Negativicutes), Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Catenibacterium, Butyrivibrio, Erysipelotrichaceae, Holdemania, Olsenella and Collinsella were more abundant in HRFI pigs. On the other hand, 26 genera including Bacteroides, Clostridium sensu stricto, Oscillibacter, Paludibacter, Elusimicrobium, Bilophila, Pyramidobacter and TM7 genera, and Clostridium XI and Clostridium XIVa clusters were more abundant in LRFI than HRFI pigs. Adaptation of microbiota to new diet after weaning was slower in LRFI than in HRFI pigs. Sanitary stress was of relatively minor influence on pig microbiota composition in both tested lines although abundance of Helicobacter increased in LRFI pigs subjected to stress. Selection for residual feed intake thus resulted in a selection of fecal microbiota of different composition. However, we cannot conclude whether residual feed intake was directly affected by different microbiota composition or whether the residual feed intake and microbiota composition are two independent consequences of yet unknown genetic traits differentially selected in the pigs of the two lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Kubasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Cejkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Hoikhman R, Kudlackova H, Babak V, Faldyna M, Jahn P. Detection of IgM-rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies in healthy horses and their comparison. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:141-146. [PMID: 30078588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid factor (RF) is used in human and veterinary medicine in the form of IgM RF traditionally to support the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the latest diagnostic criteria, presence of anti - citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) was added to the grading system for the diagnosis of RA in humans. A change which is not integrated or routinely used in veterinary medicine. The criteria changed partly because of RF's diagnostic shortcomings, which include its increased titer detection in humans with non-rheumatoid diseases, inability to predict the disease and increased titers over the limit in the older population. Clinical signs similar to human RA were reported in horses in a condition known as idiopathic polysynovitis. Similarities in the clinical presentation to RA raised a question to the usability of RF and ACPA in horses. In our study, sixty clinically healthy horses, ranging from 3 days to 30 years of age, were evaluated for their serum levels of IgM RF. 55 of these horses were tested for ACPA, using methods of ELISA measuring Anti - CFG (Anti citrullinated fibrinogen antibody). The results of the study demonstrated the existence of an age-dependent increase in the level of IgM RF up to the age of about 9 years and ACPA's independence of the horse's age as well as both markers independence of the horse sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hoikhman
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - H Kudlackova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - V Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - M Faldyna
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - P Jahn
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Kralik P, Babak V, Dziedzinska R. The Impact of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Growth Performance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:638. [PMID: 29666620 PMCID: PMC5891613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free supernatants (CFSs) extracted from various lactic acid bacteria (LAB) cultures were applied to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) cells to determine their effect on MAP viability. In addition, 5% lactic acid (LA; pH 3) and commercially synthetized nisin bacteriocin were also tested. This procedure was chosen in order to mimic the influence of LAB compounds during the production and storage of fermented milk products, which can be contaminated by MAP. Its presence in milk and milk products is of public concern due to the possible ingestion of MAP by consumers and the discussed role of MAP in Crohn’s disease. Propidium monoazide real-time PCR (PMA qPCR) was used for viability determination. Although all CFS showed significant effects on MAP viability, two distinct groups of CFS – effective and less effective – could be distinguished. The effective CFSs were extracted from various lactobacilli cultures, their pH values were mostly lower than 4.5, and their application resulted in >2 log10 reductions in MAP viability. The group of less effective CFS were filtered from Lactococcus and enterococci cultures, their pH values were higher than 4.5, and their effect on MAP viability was <2 log10. LA elicited a reduction in MAP viability that was similar to that of the group of less effective CFS. Almost no effect was found when using commercially synthetized nisin at concentrations of 0.1–1000 μg/ml. A combination of the influence of the type of bacteriocin, the length of its action, bacteriocin production strain, and pH are all probably required for a successful reduction in MAP viability. However, certain bacteriocins and their respective LAB strains (Lactobacillus sp.) appear to play a greater role in reducing the viability of MAP than pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
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Makovcova J, Babak V, Kulich P, Masek J, Slany M, Cincarova L. Dynamics of mono- and dual-species biofilm formation and interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:819-832. [PMID: 28401747 PMCID: PMC5481519 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are not commonly found in the planktonic state but predominantly form dual- and multispecies biofilms in almost all natural environments. Bacteria in multispecies biofilms cooperate, compete or have neutral interactions according to the involved species. Here, the development of mono- and dual-species biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and other foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, potentially pathogenic Raoultella planticola and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli over the course of 24, 48 and 72 h was studied. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet assay (CV), enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU cm-2 ) and visualization using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, Gram-negative bacterial species and S. aureus interacted in a competitive manner. The tested Gram-negative bacteria grew better in mixed dual-species biofilms than in their mono-species biofilms as determined using the CV assay, CFU ml-2 enumeration, and CLSM and SEM visualization. In contrast, the growth of S. aureus biofilms was reduced when cultured in dual-species biofilms. CLSM images revealed grape-like clusters of S. aureus and monolayers of Gram-negative bacteria in both mono- and dual-species biofilms. S. aureus clusters in dual-species biofilms were significantly smaller than clusters in S. aureus mono-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Makovcova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Masek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Slany
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cincarova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Sedlackova V, Dziedzinska R, Babak V, Kralik P. The detection and quantification of Bacillus thuringiensis
spores from soil and swabs using quantitative PCR as a model system for routine diagnostics of Bacillus anthracis. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:116-123. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
| | - P. Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
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Vlkova H, Babak V, Vrtkova I, Cervinkova D, Marosevic D, Moravkova M, Jaglic Z. Epidemiology of intramammary infections with Staphylococcus aureus and mastitis streptococci in a dairy cattle herd with a history of recurrent clinical mastitis. Pol J Vet Sci 2017; 20:133-139. [DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2017-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the present work was to examine a dairy herd with an anamnesis of recurrent clinical mastitis and decreased milk production. A total of 239 individual cow milk samples originating from asymptomatic cows were collected at four-month intervals and examined mainly for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and mastitis streptococci using standard cultivation methods. In total, 29.7% and 9.2% samples were positive for S. aureus and mastitis streptococci, respectively. Unlike for mastitis streptococci, the prevalence of animals positive for S. aureus had an increasing trend (p<0.05; Chi-squared test for trend) with rising parity. Despite in vitro susceptibility of S. aureus to potentiated penicillins and cephalosporins, the persistence of S. aureus was observed in cows undergoing intramammary treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (a potentiated penicillin antibiotic). All isolates of S. aureus were biofilm-positive and had the same macrorestriction pattern. Furthermore, no dependence was observed between the occurrence of S. aureus in milk and previous cases of clinical mastitis, reproductive and periparturient disorders and administration of antibiotics. In contrast to S. aureus, the occurrence of mastitis streptococci in milk was linked with previous cases of clinical mastitis and intramammary administration of antibiotics.
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Slany M, Reslova N, Babak V, Lorencova A. Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in pork meat from different production systems in the Czech Republic. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 238:252-255. [PMID: 27693960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a major public health issue, due to the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, mainly in pork. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of T. gondii in pigs and wild boars bred in different production systems in the Czech Republic using ELISA and qPCR methods. Our results show that T. gondii infection is widespread in pigs and wild boars bred and slaughtered in the Czech Republic and that there is a higher exposure to T. gondii in backyard slaughter operations and organic pig farming, indicating a potential risk for meat consumption. Additionally, genotyping of amplified loci for Type II suggests the presence of one clonal genotype circulating in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Slany
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Food Safety and Feed, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Nikol Reslova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Food Safety and Feed, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Food Safety and Feed, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Lorencova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Food Safety and Feed, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Dziedzinska R, Makovcova J, Kaevska M, Slany M, Babak V, Moravkova M. Nontuberculous Mycobacteria on Ready-to-Eat, Raw and Frozen Fruits and Vegetables. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1452-6. [PMID: 27497136 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of fruits and vegetables is increasing worldwide because of the positive impact of these foods on human health. Ready-to-eat, raw whole, and frozen fruits and vegetables were purchased from markets and examined for the presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) using culture, real-time PCR (qPCR), and sequencing. Using qPCR, Mycobacterium sp. at 10(0) to 10(4) ge/g (genome equivalents per gram) was found in almost all of the 178 samples; members of the M. avium complex were found only sporadically. Culture and sequencing revealed the presence of 22 viable NTM isolates in 17 samples. In addition to NTM commonly found in the environment, several rarely described isolates of viable NTM were recovered. The presence of Mycobacterium shigaense, which has been previously isolated only from human patients, was found in lettuce, the first time that this species has been found in an environmental sample. Mycobacterium parmense, Mycobacterium palustre, and Mycobacterium llatzerense, which have been previously isolated from human patients and occasionally from soil and water, were recovered from leafy green vegetables. Strawberries and cut salad mixes contained Mycobacterium algericum, Mycobacterium fallax, and Mycobacterium minnesotense. NTM are primarily nonpathogenic. However, consumption of fruits or vegetables contaminated with NTM could represent a health risk for immunocompromised people, children, and the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Dziedzinska
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Makovcova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marija Kaevska
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Slany
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Moravkova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Lorencova A, Babak V, Lamka J. Serological Prevalence of Enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in Pigs and Wild Boars from Different Production Systems in the Moravian Region, Czech Republic. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:275-9. [PMID: 26982547 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human yersiniosis caused by pathogenic Yersinia spp. is one of the most common reported zoonoses in the European Union and pigs are considered as the major reservoir of these bacteria. Serological testing represents a suitable method to obtain information about the prevalence of enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. in food animals. The prevalence of antibodies against enteropathogenic Yersinia spp. was studied in 319 slaughtered pigs and 135 wild boars from different production systems in the Moravian region (Czech Republic) using a commercially available ELISA test (an apparent prevalence). The seroprevalence was significantly associated with the type of breeding system, with the lowest seroprevalence being observed in household-raised pigs (13/29, 44.8%). No significant difference between the prevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in conventional (146/180, 81.1%) and organic pigs (92/110, 83.6%) was found. Antibodies were found in 65.9% (89/135) of wild boars without a significant difference between adult (23/41, 56.1%) and young (66/94, 70.2%) animals. Seropositivity was significantly higher in domestic (251/319, 78.7% in total) compared to feral pigs. A Bayesian approach taking into account the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test was used to estimate the true prevalence of anti-Yersinia antibodies in pigs and wild boars. According to our results, domestic pigs and wild boars proved to be an important reservoir of enteropathogenic Yersinia in the Czech Republic. Attention should be paid to good hygienic practice during slaughtering and handling of meat to prevent meat contamination and subsequently human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Lorencova
- 1 Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- 1 Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Lamka
- 2 Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague , Czech Republic
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Gerzova L, Babak V, Sedlar K, Faldynova M, Videnska P, Cejkova D, Jensen AN, Denis M, Kerouanton A, Ricci A, Cibin V, Österberg J, Rychlik I. Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Abundance and Microbiota Composition in Feces of Organic and Conventional Pigs from Four EU Countries. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218075 PMCID: PMC4517930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the recent trends in animal production is the revival of interest in organic farming. The increased consumer interest in organic animal farming is mainly due to concerns about animal welfare and the use of antibiotics in conventional farming. On the other hand, providing animals with a more natural lifestyle implies their increased exposure to environmental sources of different microorganisms including pathogens. To address these concerns, we determined the abundance of antibiotic resistance and diversity within fecal microbiota in pigs kept under conventional and organic farming systems in Sweden, Denmark, France and Italy. The abundance of sul1, sul2, strA, tet(A), tet(B) and cat antibiotic resistance genes was determined in 468 samples by real-time PCR and the fecal microbiota diversity was characterized in 48 selected samples by pyrosequencing of V3/V4 regions of 16S rRNA. Contrary to our expectations, there were no extensive differences between the abundance of tested antibiotic resistance genes in microbiota originating from organic or conventionally housed pigs within individual countries. There were also no differences in the microbiota composition of organic and conventional pigs. The only significant difference was the difference in the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the samples from different countries. Fecal microbiota in the samples originating from southern European countries (Italy, France) exhibited significantly higher antibiotic resistance gene abundance than those from northern parts of Europe (Denmark, Sweden). Therefore, the geographical location of the herd influenced the antibiotic resistance in the fecal microbiota more than farm's status as organic or conventional.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karel Sedlar
- Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Martine Denis
- Anses, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaelle Kerouanton
- Anses, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Videnska P, Rahman MM, Faldynova M, Babak V, Matulova ME, Prukner-Radovcic E, Krizek I, Smole-Mozina S, Kovac J, Szmolka A, Nagy B, Sedlar K, Cejkova D, Rychlik I. Characterization of egg laying hen and broiler fecal microbiota in poultry farms in Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovenia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110076. [PMID: 25329397 PMCID: PMC4199679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is the most common protein source of animal origin for humans. However, intensive breeding of animals in confined spaces has led to poultry colonisation by microbiota with a zoonotic potential or encoding antibiotic resistances. In this study we were therefore interested in the prevalence of selected antibiotic resistance genes and microbiota composition in feces of egg laying hens and broilers originating from 4 different Central European countries determined by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, respectively. strA gene was present in 1 out of 10,000 bacteria. The prevalence of sul1, sul2 and tet(B) in poultry microbiota was approx. 6 times lower than that of the strA gene. tet(A) and cat were the least prevalent being present in around 3 out of 10,000,000 bacteria forming fecal microbiome. The core chicken fecal microbiota was formed by 26 different families. Rather unexpectedly, representatives of Desulfovibrionaceae and Campylobacteraceae, both capable of hydrogen utilisation in complex microbial communities, belonged among core microbiota families. Understanding the roles of individual population members in the total metabolism of the complex community may allow for interventions which might result in the replacement of Campylobacteraceae with Desulfovibrionaceae and a reduction of Campylobacter colonisation in broilers, carcasses, and consequently poultry meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Krizek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasna Kovac
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ama Szmolka
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bela Nagy
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Karel Sedlar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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Kralik P, Babak V, Dziedzinska R. Repeated cycles of chemical and physical disinfection and their influence on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis viability measured by propidium monoazide F57 quantitative real time PCR. Vet J 2014; 201:359-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ricchi M, De Cicco C, Kralik P, Babak V, Boniotti MB, Savi R, Cerutti G, Cammi G, Garbarino C, Arrigoni N. Evaluation of viableMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisin milk using peptide-mediated separation and Propidium Monoazide qPCR. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 356:127-33. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ricchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis; Gariga Podenzano (PC) Italy
| | - Caterina De Cicco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis; Gariga Podenzano (PC) Italy
| | - Petr Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
| | | | - Maria B. Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Tuberculosis from M. bovis; Brescia Italy
| | - Roberto Savi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis; Gariga Podenzano (PC) Italy
| | - Giulia Cerutti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis; Gariga Podenzano (PC) Italy
| | - Giuliana Cammi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis; Gariga Podenzano (PC) Italy
| | - Chiara Garbarino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis; Gariga Podenzano (PC) Italy
| | - Norma Arrigoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna; National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis; Gariga Podenzano (PC) Italy
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41
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Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms of a wide variety of environmental reservoirs, including natural and municipal water, soil, aerosols, protozoans, animals and humans. Several of these species are potential pathogens which affect human health. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of NTM in the water environment. Samples were taken from 13 water-related facilities including fish ponds, storage ponds, drinking water reservoirs and an experimental recirculation system. Altogether, 396 samples of water, sediment and aquatic plants were collected and analysed. All samples were examined using conventional culture methods. Suspected microbial isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction analysis and identified using partial sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA gene. The culture revealed 94/396 samples (23.7%) that contained mycobacteria. Among known NTM we identified potentially pathogenic mycobacteria isolated from the fresh water environment for the first time: Mycobacterium asiaticum, M. chimaera, M. interjectum, M. kumamotonense, M. lentiflavum, M. montefiorense, M. nebraskense, M. paraffinicum and M. simiae. Epidemiologic studies suggest that the natural water environment is the principal source of human exposure. Our results indicate that besides the well-known potentially pathogenic mycobacteria it is important to observe occurrence, proliferation and persistence of newly discovered mycobacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Makovcova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Michal Slany
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Iva Slana
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Petr Kralik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic E-mail:
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42
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Varmuzova K, Matulova ME, Sebkova A, Sekelova Z, Havlickova H, Sisak F, Babak V, Rychlik I. The early innate response of chickens to Salmonella enterica is dependent on the presence of O-antigen but not on serovar classification. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96116. [PMID: 24763249 PMCID: PMC3999269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella vaccines used in poultry in the EU are based on attenuated strains of either Salmonella serovar Enteritidis or Typhimurium which results in a decrease in S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium but may allow other Salmonella serovars to fill an empty ecological niche. In this study we were therefore interested in the early interactions of chicken immune system with S. Infantis compared to S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium, and a role of O-antigen in these interactions. To reach this aim, we orally infected newly hatched chickens with 7 wild type strains of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Infantis as well as with their rfaL mutants and characterized the early Salmonella-chicken interactions. Inflammation was characterized in the cecum 4 days post-infection by measuring expression of 43 different genes. All wild type strains stimulated a greater inflammatory response than any of the rfaL mutants. However, there were large differences in chicken responses to different wild type strains not reflecting their serovar classification. The initial interaction between newly-hatched chickens and Salmonella was found to be dependent on the presence of O-antigen but not on its structure, i.e. not on serovar classification. In addition, we observed that the expression of calbindin or aquaporin 8 in the cecum did not change if inflammatory gene expression remained within a 10 fold fluctuation, indicating the buffering capacity of the cecum, preserving normal gut functions even in the presence of minor inflammatory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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43
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Marosevic D, Cervinkova D, Vlkova H, Videnska P, Babak V, Jaglic Z. In vivo spread of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance--a model study in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2014; 171:388-96. [PMID: 24467930 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The influence of specific and non-specific antibiotic pressure on in vivo spread of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance was evaluated in this study. Chickens repeatedly inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis harbouring the plasmid pAMβ1 carrying the erm(B) gene were perorally treated for one week with tylosin, lincomycin (both specific antibiotic pressure) and chlortetracycline (non-specific antibiotic pressure). Antibiotic non-treated but E. faecalis inoculated chickens served as a control. To quantify the erm(B) gene and characterise intestinal microflora, faecal DNA was analysed by qPCR and 454-pyrosequencing. Under the pressure of antibiotics, a significant increase in erm(B) was observed by qPCR. However, at the final stage of the experiment, an increase in erm(B) was also observed in two out of five non-treated chickens. In chickens treated with tylosin and chlortetracycline, the increase in erm(B) was accompanied by an increase in enterococci. However, E. faecalis was at the limit of detection in all animals. This suggests that the erm(B) gene spread among the gut microbiota other than E. faecalis. Pyrosequencing results indicated that, depending on the particular antibiotic pressure, different bacteria could be responsible for the spread of MLSB resistance. Different species of MLSB-resistant enterococci and streptococci were isolated from cloacal swabs during and after the treatment. PFGE analysis of MLSB-resistant enterococci revealed four clones, all differing from the challenge strain. All of the MLSB-resistant isolates harboured a plasmid of the same size as pAMβ1. This study has shown that MLSB resistance may spread within the gut microbiota under specific and non-specific pressure and even in the absence of any antimicrobial pressure. Finally, depending on the particular antibiotic pressure, different bacterial species seems to be involved in the spread of MLSB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marosevic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Cervinkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - H Vlkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Videnska
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Jaglic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
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44
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Matulova M, Varmuzova K, Sisak F, Havlickova H, Babak V, Stejskal K, Zdrahal Z, Rychlik I. Chicken innate immune response to oral infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Vet Res 2013; 44:37. [PMID: 23687968 PMCID: PMC3663788 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the immune response of chickens to Salmonella infection is usually limited to the quantification of expression of genes coding for cytokines, chemokines or antimicrobial peptides. However, processes occurring in the cecum of infected chickens are likely to be much more diverse. In this study we have therefore characterized the transcriptome and proteome in the chicken cecum after infection with Salmonella Enteritidis. Using a combination of 454 pyrosequencing, protein mass spectrometry and quantitative real-time PCR, we identified 48 down- and 56 up-regulated chicken genes after Salmonella Enteritidis infection. The most inducible gene was that coding for MMP7, exhibiting a 5952 fold induction 9 days post-infection. An induction of greater than 100 fold was observed for IgG, IRG1, SAA, ExFABP, IL-22, TRAP6, MRP126, IFNγ, iNOS, ES1, IL-1β, LYG2, IFIT5, IL-17, AVD, AH221 and SERPIN B. Since prostaglandin D2 synthase was upregulated and degrading hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was downregulated after the infection, prostaglandin must accumulate in the cecum of chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Finally, above mentioned signaling was dependent on the presence of a SPI1-encoded type III secretion system in Salmonella Enteritidis. The inflammation lasted for 2 weeks after which time the expression of the “inflammatory” genes returned back to basal levels and, instead, the expression of IgA and IgG increased. This points to an important role for immunoglobulins in the restoration of homeostasis in the cecum after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Matulova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno 621 00, Czech Republic.
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45
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Liapi M, Botsaris G, Slana I, Moravkova M, Babak V, Avraam M, Di Provvido A, Georgiadou S, Pavlik I. Mycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosisSheep Strains Isolated from Cyprus Sheep and Goats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2013; 62:223-7. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Liapi
- Cyprus Veterinary Services; Nicosia Cyprus
| | - G. Botsaris
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science; Cyprus University of Technology; Limassol Cyprus
| | - I. Slana
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Moravkova
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
| | - V. Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Avraam
- Cyprus Veterinary Services; Nicosia Cyprus
| | - A. Di Provvido
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell' Abruzzo e Molise; Teramo Italy
| | | | - I. Pavlik
- Veterinary Research Institute; Brno Czech Republic
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46
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Matulova M, Havlickova H, Sisak F, Babak V, Rychlik I. SPI1 defective mutants of Salmonella enterica induce cross-protective immunity in chickens against challenge with serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Vaccine 2013; 31:3156-62. [PMID: 23684831 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we were interested in the serovar cross-protection potential of Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1) attenuated vaccine strains of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium and immune response of vaccinated and naive chickens to Salmonella infection. The immune response was characterized by real time PCR quantifying transcripts of interleukins IL1β, IL17, IL22, interferon gamma (IFNγ), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), immunoglobulins IgM, IgA, IgY and Ig light chain, and six genes of acute phase response including avidin, serum amyloid A, extracellular fatty acid-binding protein (Ex-FABP), immune responsive gene 1, chemokine AH221 and trappin-6. Vaccination with SPI1 mutants of both serovars protected chickens against Salmonella infection, independent of the serovar used for the challenge and the time post infection. However, expressions of all interleukins, iNOS and Ex-FABP showed that protection against homologous serovars was significantly higher than against heterologous serovars after intravenous challenge at 4 days post infection. The vaccination with a mixture of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium SPI1 mutants induced an intermediate protection against challenge with both serovars, i.e. the mixed vaccine provided an additional protective effect when compared with the chickens vaccinated with a vaccine formed by only a single Salmonella serovar.
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47
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Lorencova A, Klanicova B, Makovcova J, Slana I, Vojkovska H, Babak V, Pavlik I, Slany M. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in freshwater fish and fish products intended for human consumption. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:573-6. [PMID: 23614799 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are potentially pathogenic agents commonly found in natural ecosystems, while food is considered to be another source of NTM for humans. We investigated a total of 92 tissue samples of freshwater fish and fish products: fish directly obtained from ponds (n=25), retail fresh (n=23) and frozen fish (n=23) and smoked fish products (n=21). Culture examination for the presence of mycobacteria was positive in 11 (11.9%) from all the examined samples. The 15 obtained isolates were identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum (n=5), M. immunogenum (n=2), M. phocaicum/ mucogenicum (n=1), M. neoaurum (n=2), M. peregrinum (n=2), M. porcinum (n=1) and M. senegalense/houstonense/conceptionense (n=2). NTM DNA was found in one (4.0%) sample of fresh fish from ponds and in 60.9% and 91.3% of retail fresh and frozen fish, respectively. None of the smoked fish products contained NTM DNA. The results of our study suggest that freshwater fish and fish products, especially retail frozen fish, might be a reservoir of NTM for humans, and proper handling and treatment before consumption of such products is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Lorencova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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48
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Pribylova R, Kubickova L, Babak V, Pavlik I, Kralik P. Effect of short- and long-term antibiotic exposure on the viability of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as measured by propidium monoazide F57 real time quantitative PCR and culture. Vet J 2012; 194:354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Matiasovic J, Kudlackova H, Babickova K, Stepanova H, Volf J, Rychlik I, Babak V, Faldyna M. Impact of maternally-derived antibodies against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium on the bacterial load in suckling piglets. Vet J 2012; 196:114-5. [PMID: 22967925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The significance of maternal immunity against non-typhoid Salmonella spp. acquired by piglets via colostrum and milk was evaluated in a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenge experiment. Piglets from sows vaccinated with an experimental inactivated vaccine exhibited high levels of serum immunoglobulins G and A against S. Typhimurium 4 days after birth, just prior to experimental oral challenge. The S. Typhimurium load in the ileal and caecal wall of piglets 3 days after experimental inoculation was lower by a 2-log magnitude compared to unvaccinated controls. Such a vaccine, delivering colostral/lactogenic immunity to piglets thus has the potential to reduce the prevalence non-typhoid Salmonella spp. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Matiasovic
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, Brno, Czech Republic.
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50
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Mrlik V, Slany M, Kubecka J, Seda J, Necas A, Babak V, Slana I, Kriz P, Pavlik I. A low prevalence of mycobacteria in freshwater fish from water reservoirs, ponds and farms. J Fish Dis 2012; 35:497-504. [PMID: 22537026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A survey of the occurrence of mycobacteria was conducted from 717 freshwater fish (25 species) in two water reservoirs, five ponds and two farms in the Czech Republic. A total of 2182 tissue samples from these fish were examined using the conventional culture method. Thirteen mycobacterial isolates were obtained from 12 (1.7%) fish belonging to nine species. Isolates were identified using sequence analysis of the 16SrRNA gene as: Mycobacterium algericum, M. fortuitum, M. gordonae, M. insubricum, M. kumamotonense, M. nonchromogenicum, two isolates of M. peregrinum, M. terrae and M. triplex. Mycobacteria were isolated more frequently from fish skin and gills than from internal organs or muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mrlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, v.v.i., Czech Republic
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