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Tiengo A, Orsini M, Petrin S, Losasso C, Longo A, Cento G, Ciot L, Ceruti R, Cibin V, Barco L. Whole-Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Bispebjerg from Turkey Reveals Its Pathogenic Potential. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0004323. [PMID: 37022181 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00043-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the genome sequence of a Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Bispebjerg strain that was isolated from a turkey flock in 2011. The genome analysis of the strain, a rare and multihost serovar, revealed its pathogenic potential due to antimicrobial resistance and a plethora of Salmonella pathogenicity islands and virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Tiengo
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Petrin
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Cento
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Ciot
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Veronica Cibin
- Epidemiology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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Oludairo OO, Kwaga JKP, Kabir J, Abdu PA, Gitanjali A, Perrets A, Cibin V, Lettini AA, Aiyedun JO. Ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella spp. isolated from the environment and the roles played by wild animals in their maintenance. Int J One Health 2023. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a ubiquitous organism of public health importance that causes diarrhea and other systemic disease syndromes. The ecology and epidemiology of the organism in addition to the roles played by wild animals are important in understanding its disease. Relevant published peer-reviewed literature was obtained after imputing the study's keywords into the Google search engine. The publications were thereafter saved for the study. The study revealed the ecology of Salmonella is directly related to its epidemiology. These were found to be either positively or negatively influenced by the living and non-living parts of the environment. Free-ranging and captive wild animals can serve as asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella, therefore, help to maintain the cycle of the disease since wildlife serves as reservoir hosts to over 70% of emerging zoonotic diseases. Cockroaches transmit Salmonella through their feces, and body parts and when ingested by birds and animals. The statistically significant over 83% of Salmonella isolation in lizards suggests the reptile could be a source of Salmonella distribution. Snakes, foxes, badgers, rodents, and raccoons have been reported to have Salmonella as a natural component of their gut with the ability to shed the organism often. The high occurrence (>45%) of diverse Salmonella serovars coupled with the fact that some of these animals were handled, kept as pets and consumed by man portends these animals as potential sources of transmission of the organism and the disease. The etiology and epidemiology of Salmonella are overtly affected by several environmental factors which also determine their survival and maintenance. The roles played by wild animals in the relationship, transmission, growth or interaction within and between Salmonella spp., the occurrence, prevalence, and distribution of the organism help maintain the organism in the environment. An understanding of the roles played by the different parts of the environment and wild animals in the ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella can help make informed decisions on the prevention and control of the diseases it causes. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between ecology, epidemiology, and environment, including the roles played by wild animals in the maintenance of the organism and its disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Oyedeji Oludairo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K. P. Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Junaid Kabir
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Paul A. Abdu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Arya Gitanjali
- OIE Salmonella Reference Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Perrets
- OIE Salmonella Reference Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Antonia Anna Lettini
- Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Julius O. Aiyedun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Oludairo O, Kwaga J, Kabir J, Abdu P, Gitanjali A, Perets A, Cibin V, Lettini A, Aiyedun J. A review of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guidelines for the detection of Salmonella from faeces. Journal of Applied Veterinary Sciences 2022. [DOI: 10.21608/javs.2022.146858.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Salerno B, Furlan M, Sabatino R, Di Cesare A, Leati M, Volanti M, Barco L, Orsini M, Losasso C, Cibin V. Antibiotic resistance genes load in an antibiotic free organic broiler farm. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101675. [PMID: 35091251 PMCID: PMC8802853 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Salerno
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Maddalena Furlan
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Raffaella Sabatino
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Verbania 28922, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Water Research Institute (IRSA) - MEG Molecular Ecology Group, CNR - National Research Council of Italy, Verbania 28922, Italy
| | - Marta Leati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | | | - Lisa Barco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Losasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro 35020, Italy
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Tamba M, Pallante I, Petrini S, Feliziani F, Iscaro C, Arrigoni N, Di Sabatino D, Barberio A, Cibin V, Santi A, Ianniello M, Ruocco L, Pozzato N. Corrigendum: Overview of Control Programs for Twenty-Four Infectious Cattle Diseases in Italy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:818480. [PMID: 34950728 PMCID: PMC8691130 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.818480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tamba
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ivana Pallante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmen Iscaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Norma Arrigoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daria Di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Barberio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ianniello
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicinal Products, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruocco
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicinal Products, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Pozzato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Piras F, Spanu V, Siddi G, Gymoese P, Spanu C, Cibin V, Schjørring S, De Santis E, Scarano C. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of highly prevalent Salmonella serovars in wild boars from a national park in Sardinia. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Siddi G, Piras F, Spanu V, Demontis M, Meloni MP, Sanna R, Cibin V, De Santis EPL, Scarano C. Trend of Salmonella enterica occurrence and serotypes in Sardinian pig slaughterhouses. Ital J Food Saf 2021; 10:9362. [PMID: 34532301 PMCID: PMC8419715 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.9362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate Salmonella prevalence and serotypes in four Sardinian pig slaughterhouses. Moreover, a population study was conducted with pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results were compared with previous investigations carried out during years 2008 and 2014. A total of 147 samples were collected, 117 from slaughtered pigs (lymph nodes, colon content and carcass surface) and 30 from the slaughterhouse environment (surfaces in contact and not in contact with meat). Salmonella was isolated from 3.4% pig samples and was not detected from environmental samples. Comparing the results with those of previous investigations, occurrence showed a sharp decrease through the years in both animals (18.8% in 2008, 10% in 2014 and 3.4% in 2020) and environmental samples (34.1% in 2008, 3.7 in 2014, and 0% in 2020). At the same time, prevalence of carriers (pigs positive at lymph nodes and/or colon content level) showed a reduction through the years and was always lower in animals coming from local farms rather than those coming from other European Member States, probably indicating the role of stressful factors as transport in increasing Salmonella susceptibility and shedding. Salmonella serotypes were monophasic Typhimurium, Rissen and Muenchen. Overall, 13 different Salmonella serotypes were identified during the three surveys with the most prevalent being serotypes often isolated from slaughtered pigs and during human salmonellosis cases: S. Derby and S. Typhimurium in 2008, S. Anatum and S. Rissen in 2014, monophasic S. Typhimurium in 2020. Population study with pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed a high similarity between Salmonella strains belonging to the same serotype. The results of the investigations showed a decrease of Salmonella occurrence during twelve years in Sardinia, probably due to the improvement in the application of correct GMPs and GHPs at slaughterhouse and also to a reduction of the rate of carrier pigs at farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Siddi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari
| | | | - Vincenzo Spanu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari
| | | | | | - Rita Sanna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari
| | - Veronica Cibin
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Tamba M, Pallante I, Petrini S, Feliziani F, Iscaro C, Arrigoni N, Di Sabatino D, Barberio A, Cibin V, Santi A, Ianniello M, Ruocco L, Pozzato N. Overview of Control Programs for EU Non-regulated Cattle Diseases in Italy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:665607. [PMID: 33981747 PMCID: PMC8107282 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.665607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cattle industry is a major driving force for the Italian agricultural sector totalling about 5. 6 million heads for dairy and meat production together. It is particularly developed in the northern part of the country, where 70% of the whole Italian cattle population is reared. The cattle industry development in the rest of the country is hampered by the hard orography of the territories and a variety of socioeconomic features leading to the persistence of the traditional rural farming systems. The differences in the farming systems (industrial vs. traditional) also affect the health status of the farms. Whereas, Enzootic Bovine Leukosis (EBL) is almost eradicated across the whole country, in Southern Italy where Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis are still present and Bluetongue is endemic due to the presence of the competent vector (Culicoides imicola), less investments are aimed at controlling diseases with economic impact or at improving farm biosecurity. On the other hand, with the eradication of these diseases in most part of the country, the need has emerged for reducing the economic burden of non-regulated endemic disease and control programs (CPs) for specific diseases have been implemented at regional level, based on the needs of each territory (for instance common grazing or trading with neighboring countries). This explains the coexistence of different types of programs in force throughout the country. Nowadays in Italy, among cattle diseases with little or no EU regulations only three are regulated by a national CP: Enzootic Bovine Leukosis, Bluetongue and Paratuberculosis, while Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis and Trichomonosis are nationwide controlled only in breeding bulls. For some of the remaining diseases (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Streptococcus agalactiae) specific CPs have been implemented by the regional Authorities, but for most of them a CP does not exist at all. However, there is a growing awareness among farmers and public health authorities that animal diseases have a major impact not only on the farm profitability but also on animal welfare and on the use of antibiotics in livestock. It is probable that in the near future other CPs will be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tamba
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ivana Pallante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Petrini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmen Iscaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Norma Arrigoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daria Di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, Teramo, Italy
| | - Antonio Barberio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Ianniello
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicinal Products, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Ruocco
- Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Animal Health and Veterinary Medicinal Products, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Pozzato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Patuzzi I, Orsini M, Cibin V, Petrin S, Mastrorilli E, Tiengo A, Gobbo F, Catania S, Barco L, Ricci A, Losasso C. The Interplay between Campylobacter and the Caecal Microbial Community of Commercial Broiler Chickens over Time. Microorganisms 2021; 9:221. [PMID: 33499060 PMCID: PMC7911313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most frequent foodborne zoonotic bacteria worldwide, with chicken meat being overwhelmingly the most important reservoir for human infections. Control measures implemented at the farm level (i.e., biosecurity or vaccination), which have been successfully applied to limit other pathogens, such as Salmonella, have not been effective in reducing Campylobacter occurrence. Thus, new approaches are needed to fully understand the ecological interactions of Campylobacter with host animals to effectively comprehend its epidemiology. The objective of this study was to analyse longitudinally the gut microbiota composition of Campylobacter-infected and non-infected farms to identify any difference that could potentially be indicative of gut colonization by Campylobacter spp. Differences in the colonization rate and timing were observed at the farms that became positive for Campylobacter jejuni over the investigated time points, even though in positive tests, the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni gut colonization was not observed before the second week of the life of the birds. Significant differences were observed in the abundances of specific bacterial taxa between the microbiota of individuals belonging to farms that became Campylobacter positive during the study and those who remained negative with particular reference to Bacteroidales and Clostridiales, respectively. Moreover, Campylobacter colonization dramatically influenced the microbiota richness, although to a different extent depending on the infection timing. Finally, a key role of Faecalibacterium and Lactobacillus genera on the Campylobacter microbial network was observed. Understanding the ecology of the Campylobacter interaction with host microbiota during infection could support novel approaches for broiler microbial barrier restoration. Therefore, evidence obtained through this study can be used to identify options to reduce the incidence of infection at a primary production level based on the targeted influence of the intestinal microbiota, thus helping develop new control strategies in order to mitigate the risk of human exposure to Campylobacter by chicken meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Patuzzi
- Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (I.P.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Orsini
- Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (I.P.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Veronica Cibin
- National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (V.C.); (A.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Sara Petrin
- Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (I.P.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (I.P.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Alessia Tiengo
- National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (V.C.); (A.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Catania
- Avian Pathology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (F.G.); (S.C.)
| | - Lisa Barco
- Experimental Microbiology Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Antonia Ricci
- National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (V.C.); (A.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Microbial Ecology and Genomics Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università 10, 35120 Legnaro, Italy; (I.P.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (E.M.)
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Mughini-Gras L, Di Martino G, Moscati L, Buniolo F, Cibin V, Bonfanti L. Natural immunity in conventionally and organically reared turkeys and its relation with antimicrobial resistance. Poult Sci 2019; 99:763-771. [PMID: 32036976 PMCID: PMC7587637 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suboptimal animal welfare may affect natural immunity, rendering animals more susceptible to environmentally conditioned diseases, including those requiring antimicrobial treatment, which may promote antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial populations. Herewith, we tested the hypothesis that conventionally raised turkeys have higher levels of AMR in indicator Escherichia coli bacteria, but lower levels of natural immunity, as compared to turkeys reared under organic conditions. Litter and serum samples were collected from 28 conventional and 4 organic turkey farms: E. coli isolates from litter were tested for resistance to 14 antimicrobials, while 3 parameters of natural immunity (i.e., lysozyme, hemolytic complement levels, and serum bactericidal activity) were assessed in the sera. Resistant E. coli isolates were identified in both conventional and organic farms but generally more frequently in conventional farms. High rates of resistance to ampicillin (96%), tetracycline (95%), streptomycin (82%), sulfamethoxazole (80%), ciprofloxacin (73%), and trimethoprim (71%), as well as high rates of multiresistance, were observed in conventional farms. Organically raised turkeys had significantly higher levels of lysozyme and serum bactericidal activity than conventional turkeys, and these levels were also higher in turkeys housed in farms where AMR frequency was lower. Findings support the hypothesis that conventional farming conditions may affect turkeys' natural immunity, rendering the animals more susceptible to environmentally conditioned diseases requiring antimicrobial treatment, which would in turn promote AMR. Reducing AMR in turkey farming is therefore more likely to be successful when considering animal welfare as an option to reduce the need of antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lapo Mughini-Gras
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Di Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Livia Moscati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e le Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo Buniolo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lebana Bonfanti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Petrin S, Patuzzi I, Di Cesare A, Tiengo A, Sette G, Biancotto G, Corno G, Drigo M, Losasso C, Cibin V. Evaluation and quantification of antimicrobial residues and antimicrobial resistance genes in two Italian swine farms. Environ Pollut 2019; 255:113183. [PMID: 31541814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are considered emerging environmental pollutants, posing potential risks for human and animal health: the misuse of antimicrobials in food-producing animals could favour the maintenance and spread of resistances in bacteria. The occurrence of ARGs in Italian swine farming - which has specific characteristics - was investigated in order to explore resistance spread dynamics. Two farrow-to-finish pig farms were longitudinally monitored: faecal samples from animals and environmental samples were collected. DNA was extracted and tetA, ermB, qnrS and mcr1 ARGs were analysed by qPCR for their ability to confer resistance to highly or critically important antimicrobials (CIAs). Moreover, 16SrDNA gene was analysed to assess bacterial abundance. ermB and tetA genes were found in animal samples and manure samples. On the contrary, mcr1 was exclusively found in weaners, while qnrS occurred in all animal categories but sows and finishers. Among the analysed genes, ermB and tetA showed the highest absolute and relative abundances. Our results indicate that ermB and tetA ARGs are widely disseminated in the explored farms, suggesting efficient maintenance among bacteria and persistence in the environment. Interestingly, the presence of qnrS and mcr1, limited to just a few animal categories, highlights inefficient dissemination of these genes in the farm environment, in particular for mcr1, a stable plasmid gene conferring resistance to the last-resort antimicrobial, colistin. Paying close attention only to the finishing phase would have hampered the discovery of resistances to CIAs at farm level, which we instead identified thanks to an intensive longitudinal monitoring programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrin
- OU Microbial Ecology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- OU Microbial Ecology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Tiengo
- Food Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sette
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- CNR-IRSA, Corso Tonolli, 50, 28922, Pallanza, Verbania, Italy
| | - Michele Drigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- OU Microbial Ecology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Food Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
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Longo A, Petrin S, Mastrorilli E, Tiengo A, Lettini AA, Barco L, Ricci A, Losasso C, Cibin V. Characterizing Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis, var. Kunzendorf: A Comparative Case Study. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:316. [PMID: 31620457 PMCID: PMC6763558 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different Salmonella serovars generally display different antigenic formulae, but there are some exceptions. For instance, the same antigenic formula, 6,7:c:1,5, is shared by Salmonella enterica serovar, Paratyphi C, Typhisuis, and Choleraesuis. Moreover, three biotypes have been described within the S. Choleraesuis serovar. A distinction among such biotypes can only be based on biochemical behaviors (biotyping) posing serious concerns when rapid characterization is required. The study of an outbreak of severe epizootic salmonellosis in wild boars occurred in Italy between 2012 and 2014 and the typing of the isolates recovered from the outbreak were used to test different approaches for serovar identification. A number of 30 S. Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf isolates from the outbreak were typed by means of four different methods to derive serovar and biotype: (i) slide agglutination method followed by biochemical tests, (ii) suspension array xMAP® Salmonella Serotyping Assay (SSA), (iii) whole genome sequencing (WGS) and data analysis using SeqSero tool, and (iv) WGS and data analysis using Salmonella TypeFinder tool. Slide agglutination, xMAP® SSA and WGS, followed by SeqSero analysis, are methods that infer the serovars according to the White-Kauffmann-Le Minor (WKL) scheme, based exclusively on antigens. Using these methods, isolates with incomplete antigenic formulae could be misleadingly excluded from an outbreak. On the contrary, WGS followed by Salmonella TypeFinder data analysis, which predicts the serotype on the basis of Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), might be able to cluster together isolates belonging to the same outbreak irrespective of the antigenic formula. Results suggest the benefit of routine use of a combination of in silico MLST and antigenic formula analysis to solve specific ambiguous case studies for outbreak investigation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carmen Losasso
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università, Legnaro, Italy
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Petrin S, Longo A, Barco L, Cortini E, Peruzzo A, Antonelli P, Ramon E, Cibin V, Lettini AA, Ricci A, Losasso C. Different Resolution Power of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis and Whole-Genome Sequencing in the Characterization of S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- Isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:558-561. [PMID: 30916593 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- has emerged over the last two decades as one of the most common serovars causing human salmonellosis in Europe. It is supposed to originate from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium due to antigenic and genotypic similarities between the two serovars. Due to the high level of similarity, the multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) protocol designed for Salmonella Typhimurium routine typing is commonly used also for the characterization of S. 1,4,[5],12:i. Nevertheless, the Salmonella Typhimurium-based MLVA protocol often shows poor discriminatory power for S. 1,4,[5],12:i. Indeed, only a limited number of MLVA profiles have been described for S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-. Moreover, based on the MLVA clustering, S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- is supposed to display high clonality. The aim of the present work was to assess whether the five loci of Salmonella Typhimurium investigated by MLVA are sufficiently accurate to correctly assign S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. For this purpose, 38 epidemiologically unrelated S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Isolates were selected among a collection of monophasic strains isolated in Italy from different sources over the period 2014-2016 and belonging to the five most commonly detected MLVA profiles. Results confirmed the possible clonality for S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- serovar in the light of the scarce difference observed in terms of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among investigated isolates. Nevertheless, unrelated isolates on the basis of the difference of SNP number were characterized as indistinguishable by MLVA profile, thus suggesting an insufficient resolution of MLVA. Hence, we can conclude that MLVA-based approach does not seem a valuable proxy to deepen into the epidemiological relationship among S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- isolates. These evidences can be useful to avoid incorrect assignment especially when surveillance data are used for outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Petrin
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Enzo Cortini
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Peruzzo
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Pietro Antonelli
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elena Ramon
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Anna Lettini
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Cibin V, Busetti M, Longo A, Petrin S, Knezevich A, Ricci A, Barco L, Losasso C. Whole Genome Sequencing of Salmonella Serovar Stanleyville from Two Italian Outbreaks Resulted in Unexpected Genomic Diversity Within and Between Outbreaks. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:307-308. [PMID: 30615488 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Cibin
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marina Busetti
- 2 Microbiology Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sara Petrin
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Anna Knezevich
- 2 Microbiology Unit, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- 1 National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Losasso C, Di Cesare A, Mastrorilli E, Patuzzi I, Cibin V, Eckert EM, Fontaneto D, Vanzo A, Ricci A, Corno G. Assessing antimicrobial resistance gene load in vegan, vegetarian and omnivore human gut microbiota. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:702-705. [PMID: 30081136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Massive antimicrobial use in animal farming is considered as the greatest contributor to the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) in food of animal origin. Nevertheless, sewage from treated animals may impact on vegetables grown on fertilised fields, but it is largely unknown whether and to what extent ARB are transferred to vegetables and the human gut. It could be hypothesised that food of animal and vegetal origin have a different role in ARB transfer to the human gut and that different diets could be characterised by different antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) loads. This study included three groups comprising vegans (n = 26), vegetarians (n = 32) and omnivores (n = 43). Metadata regarding food consumption and anthropometric parameters were collected. Gut microbial communities were investigated by 16S rDNA analysis. Four ARGs (sul2, tetA, blaTEM and strB) were quantified by qPCR. The results showed a lower total load of investigated ARGs in vegan diet (pairwise comparison adjusted results: omnivorous-vegan, P = 0.0119; omnivorous-vegetarian, P = 0.7416; and vegan-vegetarian, P = 0.0119). No significant differences in abundance of each gene separately were found between the three groups. Neither the amount of animal protein nor the occurrence of ARGs was significant in explaining differences in the gut microbial community of individuals, and a large proportion of the differences between community composition (PERMANOVA, 46.87%) was not explained by the analysed variables. The results support the role of omnivorous and vegetarian diets in accumulating ARGs, suggesting a possible role for animal-derived food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Losasso
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- DISTAV, Università degli studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, Italy; DEI, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/b, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ester M Eckert
- Microbial Ecology Group, CNR-ISE, Corso Tonolli 50, Pallanza, Verbania, Italy
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Microbial Ecology Group, CNR-ISE, Corso Tonolli 50, Pallanza, Verbania, Italy
| | - Angiola Vanzo
- SIAN, ULSS8 Berica, via IV Novembre 46, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, viale dell'Università 10, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Microbial Ecology Group, CNR-ISE, Corso Tonolli 50, Pallanza, Verbania, Italy
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Mancin M, Barco L, Losasso C, Belluco S, Cibin V, Mazzucato M, Bilei S, Carullo MR, Decastelli L, Di Giannatale E, D'Incau M, Goffredo E, Lollai S, Piraino C, Scuota S, Staffolani M, Tagliabue S, Ricci A. Salmonella serovar distribution from non-human sources in Italy; results from the IT-Enter-Vet network. Vet Rec 2018; 183:69. [PMID: 29980593 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The study summarises the results obtained over the period 2002-2013 by the Italian IT-Enter-Vet network, aimed at collecting data on Salmonella isolates from non-human sources. A total of 42,491 Salmonella isolates were reported with a progressive decrease over the years. S. Typhimurium was the most frequent serovar up to 2011, but then, it was overtaken by S. 4,[5],12,:i:-, S. Derby, S. Livingstone and S. Enteritidis alternated as the third most commonly isolated serovars. With regard to the sources of isolation, S. Typhimurium was distributed ubiquitously among the animal species. On the contrary, S. 4,[5],12,:i:- and S. Derby were strictly associated with pigs, whereas S. Livingstone, S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis were clearly related to poultry. Intriguingly, when the frequency of serovar distribution along the food chain was considered, it was evident that S. Typhimurium and S. Derby tended to persist along the chain, as they were isolated even more frequently from foods than from animals. A similar distribution was found for S. Enteritidis and S. Hadar. Despite limitations related to non-mandatory participation of laboratories in the network, the data presented are valuable to obtain a picture of the evolution of Salmonella from non-human sources over time in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Mancin
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Belluco
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Mazzucato
- GIS Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Bilei
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Decastelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte e Valle D'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Mario D'Incau
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Goffredo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e Basilicata, Foggia, Italy
| | - Stefano Lollai
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Speimentale delle Sardegna, Sassari, Italy
| | - Chiara Piraino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Scuota
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Monica Staffolani
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Tagliabue
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- OIE and National Reference Laboratory for Salmonella, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
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Roccato A, Mancin M, Barco L, Cibin V, Antonello K, Cocola F, Ricci A. Usefulness of indicator bacteria as potential marker of Campylobacter contamination in broiler carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 276:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Pastorelli AA, Angeletti R, Binato G, Mariani MB, Cibin V, Morelli S, Ciardullo S, Stacchini P. Exposure to cadmium through Italian rice ( Oryza sativa L.): Consumption and implications for human health. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Losasso C, Eckert EM, Mastrorilli E, Villiger J, Mancin M, Patuzzi I, Di Cesare A, Cibin V, Barrucci F, Pernthaler J, Corno G, Ricci A. Assessing the Influence of Vegan, Vegetarian and Omnivore Oriented Westernized Dietary Styles on Human Gut Microbiota: A Cross Sectional Study. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:317. [PMID: 29556222 PMCID: PMC5844980 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle have a strong influence on gut microbiota, which in turn has important implications on a variety of health-related aspects. Despite great advances in the field, it remains unclear to which extent the composition of the gut microbiota is modulated by the intake of animal derived products, compared to a vegetable based diet. Here the specific impact of vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore feeding type on the composition of gut microbiota of 101 adults was investigated among groups homogeneous for variables known to have a role in modulating gut microbial composition such as age, anthropometric variables, ethnicity, and geographic area. The results displayed a picture where the three different dietetic profiles could be well distinguished on the basis of participant's dietetic regimen. Regarding the gut microbiota; vegetarians had a significantly greater richness compared to omnivorous. Moreover, counts of Bacteroidetes related operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were greater in vegans and vegetarians compared to omnivores. Interestingly considering the whole bacterial community composition the three cohorts were unexpectedly similar, which is probably due to their common intake in terms of nutrients rather than food, e.g., high fat content and reduced protein and carbohydrate intake. This finding suggests that fundamental nutritional choices such as vegan, vegetarian, or omnivore do influence the microbiota but do not allow to infer conclusions on gut microbial composition, and suggested the possibility for a preferential impact of other variables, probably related to the general life style on shaping human gut microbial community in spite of dietary influence. Consequently, research were individuals are categorized on the basis of their claimed feeding types is of limited use for scientific studies, since it appears to be oversimplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Losasso
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ester M. Eckert
- Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Ecosystem Study, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mastrorilli
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jorg Villiger
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marzia Mancin
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Itay
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Ecosystem Study, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e della Vita, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Federica Barrucci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jakob Pernthaler
- Limnological Station, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Microbial Ecology Group, Institute of Ecosystem Study, National Research Council, Verbania, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Gallocchio F, Biancotto G, Cibin V, Losasso C, Belluco S, Peters R, van Bemmel G, Cascio C, Weigel S, Tromp P, Gobbo F, Catania S, Ricci A. Transfer Study of Silver Nanoparticles in Poultry Production. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3767-3774. [PMID: 28437606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are of interest due to their antimicrobial activity and are seen as potential candidates to replace antibiotics in animal husbandry. A few studies have focused on this new application, but they lack any considerations about residual accumulation of AgNPs in edible animal tissues and animal products. In this research, a 22 day in vivo study was carried out by oral administration of 20 nm spherical PVP coated AgNPs to hens. Six doses of approximately 1 mg kg-1 of AgNPs-PVP each were administered to animals throughout the experimentation. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used for quantitative determination of residual total Ag in different organs and matrices. The analyses showed that Ag accumulates in livers (concentration ranging from 141 μg kg-1 to 269 μg kg-1) and yolks (concentration ranging from 20 μg kg-1 to 49 μg kg-1) but not in muscles, kidneys, and albumen belonging to hens of the treated group (tG2). Ag was not detected in animals of the control group (uG1) (i.e., total Ag < LOD = 10 μg kg-1). Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray detection (SEM-EDX) were employed to elucidate the presence of AgNPs in livers and yolks belonging to tG2 animals. spICP-MS highlighted that part of residual Ag found in livers (about 5-20%) is in NP form with an average dimension of approximately 20 nm. SEM-EDX technique confirmed the presence of AgNPs only in livers of treated animals. The results show that feeding AgNPs to hens may become a source of consumer exposure to AgNPs. As far as we know this is the first study showing transfer of AgNPs or reaction products thereof from animal feed to animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gallocchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Belluco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Ruud Peters
- RIKILT-Wageningen UR , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Peter Tromp
- TNO Earth, Life and Social Sciences , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Federica Gobbo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Catania
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie , Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Conficoni D, Losasso C, Cortini E, Di Cesare A, Cibin V, Giaccone V, Corno G, Ricci A. Resistance to Biocides in Listeria monocytogenes Collected in Meat-Processing Environments. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1627. [PMID: 27807430 PMCID: PMC5069283 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of microorganisms exerting resistance to biocides is a challenge to meat-processing environments. Bacteria can be intrinsically resistant to biocides but resistance can also be acquired by adaptation to their sub-lethal concentrations. Moreover, the presence of biocide resistance determinants, which is closely linked to antibiotic resistance determinants, could lead to co-selection during disinfection practices along the food chain, and select cross-resistant foodborne pathogens. The purpose of this work was to test the resistance of wild strains of Listeria monocytogenes, isolated from pork meat processing plants, toward benzalkonium chloride (BC), used as proxy of quaternary ammonium compounds. Furthermore, the expression of two non-specific efflux pumps genes (lde and mdrL) under biocide exposure was evaluated. L. monocytogenes were isolated from five processing plants located in the Veneto region (northeast of Italy) before and after cleaning and disinfection (C&D) procedures. A total of 45 strains were collected: 36 strains before and nine after the C&D procedures. Collected strains were typed according to MLST and ERIC profiles. Strains sampled in the same site, isolated before, and after the C&D procedures and displaying the same MLST and ERIC profiles were tested for their sensitivity to different concentrations of BC, in a time course assay. The expression of non-specific efflux pumps was evaluated at each time point by qPCR using tufA gene as housekeeping. A differential expression of the two investigated genes was observed: lde was found to be more expressed by the strains isolated before C&D procedures while its expression was dose-dependent in the case of the post C&D procedures strain. On the contrary, the expression of mdrL was inhibited under low biocidal stress (10 ppm BC) and enhanced in the presence of high stress (100 ppm BC). These findings suggests a possible role for C&D procedures to select L. monocytogenes persisters, pointing out the importance of dealing with the identification of risk factors in food plants sanification procedures that might select more tolerant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Conficoni
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VeneziePadova, Italy; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of PaduaPadova, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Cortini
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Cesare
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE) Verbania, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Giaccone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua Padova, Italy
| | - Gianluca Corno
- Microbial Ecology Group, National Research Council - Institute of Ecosystem Study (CNR-ISE) Verbania, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Dipartimento per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Padova, Italy
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Roccato A, Uyttendaele M, Barrucci F, Cibin V, Favretti M, Cereser A, Cin MD, Pezzuto A, Piovesana A, Longo A, Ramon E, De Rui S, Ricci A. Artisanal Italian salami and soppresse: Identification of control strategies to manage microbiological hazards. Food Microbiol 2016; 61:5-13. [PMID: 27697168 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roccato
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federica Barrucci
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Michela Favretti
- Optimisation and Control of Food Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, San Donà di Piave (VE), Italy
| | - Andrea Cereser
- Optimisation and Control of Food Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, San Donà di Piave (VE), Italy
| | - Marta Dal Cin
- AZ-ULSS 8 VENETO - Serv. Vet. Asolo, Montebelluna (TV), Italy
| | - Alessandra Pezzuto
- Optimisation and Control of Food Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, San Donà di Piave (VE), Italy
| | - Alessia Piovesana
- Optimisation and Control of Food Production, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, San Donà di Piave (VE), Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Elena Ramon
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Stefano De Rui
- AZ-ULSS 8 VENETO - Serv. Vet. Asolo, Montebelluna (TV), Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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23
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Österberg J, Wingstrand A, Nygaard Jensen A, Kerouanton A, Cibin V, Barco L, Denis M, Aabo S, Bengtsson B. Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from Pigs in Organic and Conventional Farming in Four European Countries. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157049. [PMID: 27362262 PMCID: PMC4928804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic pig production differs in many ways from conventional production of pigs, e.g., in antibiotic use, herd structure, feeding regimes, access to outdoor areas and space allowance per pig. This study investigated if these differences result in a lower occurrence of antibiotic resistance in organic slaughter pigs in Denmark, France, Italy and Sweden. Samples were taken from the colon content and/or faeces and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ten antibiotics were determined in isolates of Escherichia coli. In addition, the proportion of tetracycline (TET) resistant E. coli in colon content and/or faeces from individual pigs was determined. In all four countries the percentage resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulphonamides or trimethoprim was significantly lower in E. coli from organic pigs. In France and Italy, the percentage of isolates resistant to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid or gentamicin was also significantly lower in the E. coli from organic pigs. Resistance to cefotaxime, was not found in any country. The percentage of E. coli isolates resistant to TET as well as the proportion of TET-resistant E. coli was significantly lower in organic than in conventional pigs, except in Sweden where TET-resistance was equally low in both production types. There were also differences between countries within production type in the percentage resistance to individual antibiotics as well as the proportion of TET-resistant E. coli with lower median proportions in Sweden and Denmark compared to France and Italy. The study shows that in each of the four countries resistance in intestinal E. coli was less common in organic than in conventional pigs, but that there were also large differences in resistance between countries within each production type, indicating that both country- and production-specific factors influence the occurrence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Wingstrand
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annaelle Kerouanton
- French Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lisa Barco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martine Denis
- French Agency for Food, Environment and Occupational Health Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Sören Aabo
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Gallocchio F, Cibin V, Biancotto G, Roccato A, Muzzolon O, Carmen L, Simone B, Manodori L, Fabrizi A, Patuzzi I, Ricci A. Testing nano-silver food packaging to evaluate silver migration and food spoilage bacteria on chicken meat. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1063-71. [PMID: 27147130 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1179794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Migration of nanomaterials from food containers into food is a matter of concern because of the potential risk for exposed consumers. The aims of this study were to evaluate silver migration from a commercially available food packaging containing silver nanoparticles into a real food matrix (chicken meat) under plausible domestic storage conditions and to test the contribution of such packaging to limit food spoilage bacteria proliferation. Chemical analysis revealed the absence of silver in chicken meatballs under the experimental conditions in compliance with current European Union legislation, which establishes a maximum level of 0.010 mg kg(-1) for the migration of non-authorised substances through a functional barrier (Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011). On the other hand, microbiological tests (total microbial count, Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae) showed no relevant difference in the tested bacteria levels between meatballs stored in silver-nanoparticle plastic bags or control bags. This study shows the importance of testing food packaging not only to verify potential silver migration as an indicator of potential nanoparticle migration, but also to evaluate the benefits in terms of food preservation so as to avoid unjustified usage of silver nanoparticles and possible negative impacts on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Gallocchio
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Anna Roccato
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Orietta Muzzolon
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Losasso Carmen
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Belluco Simone
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy.,b Department of Animal Medicine Production and Health , Università di Padova , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Laura Manodori
- c European Centre for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, Veneto Nanotech S.C.pA , Rovigo , Italy
| | - Alberto Fabrizi
- d Department of Management and Engineering , Università di Padova , Vicenza , Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- a Department of Food Safety , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe) , Legnaro , Italy
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25
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Lettini AA, Vo Than T, Marafin E, Longo A, Antonello K, Zavagnin P, Barco L, Mancin M, Cibin V, Morini M, Dang Thi Sao M, Nguyen Thi T, Pham Trung H, Le L, Nguyen Duc T, Ricci A. Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Antimicrobial Susceptibility from Poultry and Swine Farms in Central Vietnam. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 63:569-576. [PMID: 26952244 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibilities on poultry and swine farms, sampled in 2 regions in Central Vietnam. A total of 67 poultry farms and 46 swine farms were sampled in a period of 5 months (from September 2012 to January 2013). Salmonella spp. was prevalent in 46.3% and 71.7% of poultry and swine farms, respectively. Altogether, 99 non-typhoidal Salmonella were isolated and the most common serovars were Salmonella Weltevreden (19%), followed by Salmonella Typhimurium (12%) and Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- (11%). Overall, 71 of 99 (72%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. Both in poultry and swine farms, high levels of resistance were observed for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, sulphamethoxazole and tetracycline. The presence of Salmonella isolates from poultry and swine farms which were resistant to different classes of antimicrobials suggests that alternative control measures to antimicrobials should be implemented. Moreover, an effective policy should be promoted to encourage a prudent use of these agents in animal farming in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Lettini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - T Vo Than
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - E Marafin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Longo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - K Antonello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - P Zavagnin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Barco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Mancin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - V Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Morini
- International Cooperation Office, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - M Dang Thi Sao
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - T Nguyen Thi
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - H Pham Trung
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - L Le
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - T Nguyen Duc
- Central of Vietnam Veterinary Institute, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - A Ricci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
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26
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Belluco S, Losasso C, Patuzzi I, Rigo L, Conficoni D, Gallocchio F, Cibin V, Catellani P, Segato S, Ricci A. Silver As Antibacterial toward Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:307. [PMID: 27014230 PMCID: PMC4779933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a serious foodborne pathogen that can contaminate food during processing and can grow during food shelf-life. New types of safe and effective food contact materials embedding antimicrobial agents, like silver, can play an important role in the food industry. The present work aimed at evaluating the in vitro growth kinetics of different strains of L. monocytogenes in the presence of silver, both in its ionic and nano form. The antimicrobial effect was determined by assaying the number of culturable bacterial cells, which formed colonies after incubation in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or silver nitrate (AgNO3). Ionic release experiments were performed in parallel. A different reduction of bacterial viability between silver ionic and nano forms was observed, with a time delayed effect exerted by AgNPs. An association between antimicrobial activity and ions concentration was shown by both silver chemical forms, suggesting the major role of ions in the antimicrobial mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Belluco
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Carmen Losasso
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Ilaria Patuzzi
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Laura Rigo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Daniele Conficoni
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Federica Gallocchio
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Catellani
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, Università di PadovaPadova, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
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27
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Roccato A, Uyttendaele M, Cibin V, Barrucci F, Cappa V, Zavagnin P, Longo A, Catellani P, Ricci A. Effects of Domestic Storage and Thawing Practices on Salmonella in Poultry-Based Meat Preparations. J Food Prot 2015; 78:2117-25. [PMID: 26613905 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Among consumer food handling practices, time-temperature abuse has been reported as one of the most common contributory factors in salmonellosis outbreaks where the evidence is strong. The present study performed storage tests of burgers, sausages, and kebabs and investigated (i) the effect of refrigerator temperatures (4°C versus 8 or 12°C, which were the temperatures recorded in 33 and 3%, respectively, of domestic refrigerators in Italy), with or without prior temperature abuse (25°C for 2 h, simulating transport of meats from shop to home), and (ii) the impact of the thawing method (overnight in the refrigerator at 8°C versus on the kitchen countertop at 23°C) on the presence and numbers of Salmonella bacteria. Storage tests were carried out on naturally or artificially (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at ca. 10 CFU/g) contaminated products, while freezing-thawing tests were conducted only on artificially contaminated products (Salmonella Typhimurium at ca. 10, 100, and 1,000 CFU/g). The results from the artificially contaminated products showed significant (P < 0.05) growth of Salmonella Typhimurium at 12°C (i.e., from ca. 8 most probable number [MPN]/g to > 710 MPN/g) in kebabs after 7 and 10 days but more moderate growth in sausages (i.e., from ca. 14 MPN/g to a maximum of 96 MPN/g after 9 days of storage). Storage of naturally contaminated burgers or sausages (contamination at or below 1 MPN/g) at 4, 8, or 12°C and a short time of temperature abuse (2 h at 25°C) did not facilitate an increase in the presence and numbers of Salmonella bacteria. Thawing overnight in the refrigerator led to either a moderate reduction or no change of Salmonella Typhimurium numbers in burgers, sausages, and kebabs. Overall, this study showed that domestic storage and thawing practices can affect food safety and that time-temperature abuse can cause a substantial increase of Salmonella numbers in some types of poultry-based meat preparations, highlighting that efforts for the dissemination of consumer guidelines on the correct storage and handling of meats need to be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roccato
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Barrucci
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Cappa
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Zavagnin
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Catellani
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Risk Analysis and Public Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell'Università 10, 35020 Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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28
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Gerzova L, Babak V, Sedlar K, Faldynova M, Videnska P, Cejkova D, Jensen AN, Denis M, Kerouanton A, Ricci A, Cibin V, Österberg J, Rychlik I. Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance Gene Abundance and Microbiota Composition in Feces of Organic and Conventional Pigs from Four EU Countries. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26218075 PMCID: PMC4517930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the recent trends in animal production is the revival of interest in organic farming. The increased consumer interest in organic animal farming is mainly due to concerns about animal welfare and the use of antibiotics in conventional farming. On the other hand, providing animals with a more natural lifestyle implies their increased exposure to environmental sources of different microorganisms including pathogens. To address these concerns, we determined the abundance of antibiotic resistance and diversity within fecal microbiota in pigs kept under conventional and organic farming systems in Sweden, Denmark, France and Italy. The abundance of sul1, sul2, strA, tet(A), tet(B) and cat antibiotic resistance genes was determined in 468 samples by real-time PCR and the fecal microbiota diversity was characterized in 48 selected samples by pyrosequencing of V3/V4 regions of 16S rRNA. Contrary to our expectations, there were no extensive differences between the abundance of tested antibiotic resistance genes in microbiota originating from organic or conventionally housed pigs within individual countries. There were also no differences in the microbiota composition of organic and conventional pigs. The only significant difference was the difference in the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the samples from different countries. Fecal microbiota in the samples originating from southern European countries (Italy, France) exhibited significantly higher antibiotic resistance gene abundance than those from northern parts of Europe (Denmark, Sweden). Therefore, the geographical location of the herd influenced the antibiotic resistance in the fecal microbiota more than farm's status as organic or conventional.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karel Sedlar
- Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Martine Denis
- Anses, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Annaelle Kerouanton
- Anses, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Ploufragan, France
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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29
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Cibin V, Mancin M, Pedersen K, Barrucci F, Belluco S, Roccato A, Cocola F, Ferrarini S, Sandri A, Lau Baggesen D, Ricci A. Usefulness of Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae as Process Hygiene Criteria in poultry: experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2014.en-635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Cibin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
| | - M Mancin
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
| | - K Pedersen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute Denmark
| | - F Barrucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
| | - S Belluco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
| | - A Roccato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
| | - F Cocola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
| | - S Ferrarini
- Azienda Unità Locale Socio‐Sanitaria 6 (Az‐ULSS 6) Italy
| | - A Sandri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
| | - D Lau Baggesen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute Denmark
| | - A Ricci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) delle Venezie Italy
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Losasso C, Belluco S, Cibin V, Zavagnin P, Mičetić I, Gallocchio F, Zanella M, Bregoli L, Biancotto G, Ricci A. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles: sensitivity of different Salmonella serovars. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:227. [PMID: 24904542 PMCID: PMC4033309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is one of the main causes of foodborne illnesses in humans worldwide. Consequently, great interest exists in reducing its impact on human health by lowering its prevalence in the food chain. Antimicrobial formulations in the form of nanoparticles exert bactericidal action due to their enhanced reactivity resultant from their high surface/volume ratio. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are known to be highly toxic to Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms, including multidrug resistant bacteria. However, few data concerning their success against different Salmonella serovars are available. Aims of the present study were to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of AgNPs, against Salmonella Enteritidis, Hadar, and Senftenberg, and to investigate the causes of their different survival abilities from a molecular point of view. Results showed an immediate, time-limited and serovar-dependent reduction of bacterial viability. In the case of S. Senftenberg, the reduction in numbers was observed for up to 4 h of incubation in the presence of 200 mg/l of AgNPs; on the contrary, S. Enteritidis and S. Hadar resulted to be inhibited for up to 48 h. Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrated the constitutive expression of the plasmidic silver resistance determinant (SilB) by S. Senftenberg, thus suggesting the importance of a cautious use of AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Losasso
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Simone Belluco
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Paola Zavagnin
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Ivan Mičetić
- European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, Veneto Nanotech S.C.p.A.Rovigo, Italy
| | - Federica Gallocchio
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Michela Zanella
- European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, Veneto Nanotech S.C.p.A.Rovigo, Italy
| | - Lisa Bregoli
- European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology, Veneto Nanotech S.C.p.A.Rovigo, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Biancotto
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle VenezieLegnaro, Italy
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Losasso C, Cappa V, Cibin V, Mantovani C, Costa N, Faccio E, Andrighetto I, Ricci A. Food Safety and Hygiene Lessons in the Primary School: Implications for Risk-Reduction Behaviors. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:68-74. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Losasso
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cappa
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Claudio Mantovani
- Science Communication Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Norberto Costa
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Faccio
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education, and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Igino Andrighetto
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production, and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonia Ricci
- Food Safety Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Faccio E, Costa N, Losasso C, Cappa V, Mantovani C, Cibin V, Andrighetto I, Ricci A. What programs work to promote health for children? Exploring beliefs on microorganisms and on food safety control behavior in primary schools. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ricci A, Capello K, Cibin V, Pozza G, Ferrè N, Barrucci F, Menin R, Farina R, Marangon S. Raw milk-associated foodborne infections: A scoring system for the risk-based categorisation of raw dairy farms. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:69-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Anellovirus is a recently created, floating genus of viruses. Torque teno virus (TTV), the type species in the genus, was first discovered in a human patient with a post-transfusion hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Recently, TTV genetically related to but distinct from those discovered in humans have also been found in animals, including pigs. The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of swine TTV in Italian pig herds and some risk factors possibly associated with this infection. Serum samples from 179 healthy pigs from 10 farms located in north-central Italy were tested by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of swine TTV DNA. Viral DNA was found in the sera of 43 pigs (24.0%), coming from eight of the 10 farms examined. Prevalence was significantly higher in finishing herds (40.1%) than in farrow-to-finish herds (11.0%) and did not depend on the size of the herd. Within the finishing herds the prevalence was significantly higher in weaners (57.4%) than in fatteners (22.9%), but this difference was not observed in farrow-to-finish herds. No relationship was observed between the prevalence of swine TTV and the implementation of some general hygiene practices and biosecurity procedures within the herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martelli
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria e Patologia Animale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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De Liguoro M, Cibin V, Capolongo F, Halling-Sørensen B, Montesissa C. Use of oxytetracycline and tylosin in intensive calf farming: evaluation of transfer to manure and soil. Chemosphere 2003; 52:203-12. [PMID: 12729703 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(03)00284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics may enter soils with manure from treated animals. Because of their biological effects, antibiotics are regarded as potential micropollutants. The levels of oxytetracycline and tylosin over time were followed in faeces, bedding and manure, and then in the soil of a manured field and surrounding drainage courses, after oral treatment of calves. Fifty Simmental calves were treated for 5 days with 60 mg/kg/day of oxytetracycline. After 15 days the animals were treated for 5 days with 20 mg/kg/day of tylosin. Tylosin degraded rapidly, and was no longer detected in manure 45 days after cessation of treatment and no trace of the compound was detected in soil or surrounding water (detection limits 10 microg/l). The half-life of oxytetracycline in manure was 30 days and the compound was still detectable in this matrix (820 microg/kg) after 5 months maturation. In the manured soil oxytetracycline was detected at concentrations at least 10 times lower than the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products threshold (100 microg/kg) requiring phase II environmental risk assessment. Oxytetracycline was not detected in the water courses (detection limit 1 microg/l). These results demonstrate that the processes occurring between faeces production and application of manure to the soil are very effective in reducing the load of TYL and OTC in the environment. For both drugs a toxicity test was performed using the alga Selenastrum capricornutum. The EC50 was 4.18 mg/l for oxytetracycline and 0.95 mg/l for tylosin. A worst-case hazard assessment for the aquatic environment was performed comparing the ratio between the measured concentrations (LOD) and effect data from previous work (OTC) or from this work (TYL). This showed ratio between toxicity levels (bacteria) (EC50=0.14 mg/l) and measured concentrations (LOD=1 microg/l) for OTC to be 140. The corresponding value for TYL (LOD=10 microg/l) was 95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco De Liguoro
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Patologia Comparata ed Igiene Veterinaria, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Padova, Agripolis, I-35020 (PD), Legnaro, Italy.
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