1
|
Kubasova T, Kollarcikova M, Crhanova M, Karasova D, Cejkova D, Sebkova A, Matiasovicova J, Faldynova M, Sisak F, Babak V, Pokorna A, Cizek A, Rychlik I. Gut Anaerobes Capable of Chicken Caecum Colonisation. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120597. [PMID: 31766558 PMCID: PMC6956218 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicks in commercial production are highly sensitive to enteric infections and their resistance can be increased by administration of complex adult microbiota. However, it is not known which adult microbiota members are capable of colonising the caecum of newly hatched chicks. In this study, we therefore orally inoculated chicks with pure cultures of 76 different bacterial isolates originating from chicken caecum on day 1 of life and determined their ability to colonise seven days later. The caecum of newly hatched chickens could be colonised by bacteria belonging to phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Synergistetes, or Verrucomicrobia, and isolates from class Negativicutes (phylum Firmicutes). On the other hand, we did not record colonisation with isolates from phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (except for Negativicutes), including isolates from families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Lactobacillaceae. Representatives of genera commonly used in probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, or Bacillus therefore did not colonise the chicken intestinal tract after a single dose administration. Following challenge with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the best protecting isolates increased the chicken’s resistance to S. Enteritidis only tenfold, which, however, means that none of the tested individual bacterial isolates on their own efficiently protected chicks against S. Enteritidis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Kubasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Miloslava Kollarcikova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Darina Cejkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Alena Sebkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Jitka Matiasovicova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Marcela Faldynova
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Frantisek Sisak
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Alexandra Pokorna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.) (A.C.)
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.P.) (A.C.)
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (T.K.); (M.K.); (M.C.); (D.K.); (D.C.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (M.F.); (F.S.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-533331201
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kollarcikova M, Kubasova T, Karasova D, Crhanova M, Cejkova D, Sisak F, Rychlik I. Use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing for prediction of new opportunistic pathogens in chicken ileal and cecal microbiota. Poult Sci 2019; 98:2347-2353. [PMID: 30624758 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we addressed differences in the development of gut microbiota in 4 successive batches of commercially hatched broiler parent chickens. When planning this study, we expected to find a batch with compromised performance which would allow identification of microbiota of suboptimal composition. Microbiota composition was determined only by sequencing the V3/V4 region of 16S rRNA genes in samples collected from chickens 5 to 18 wk of age. In a total, 100 and 160 samples originating from the ileum or cecum were processed, respectively. In one of the flocks with suboptimal performance we identified an increased abundance of Helicobacter brantae forming over 80% of ileal microbiota in individual chickens. Moreover, we also tested samples of 53-wk-old hens from the same genetic line in which egg production decreased. In this case, cecal microbiota was enriched for Fusobacterium mortiferum forming over 30% of total cecal microbiota. Although none of the identified unusual microbiota members have been well recognized as pathogenic, they may represent new opportunistic pathogens of chickens worth of further investigation. Analysis of gut microbiota composition by next generation sequencing thus proved as a useful and unbiased alternative to bacterial culture, especially in the cases of unspecific symptoms like decrease in flock performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miloslava Kollarcikova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kubasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Karasova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Crhanova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Darina Cejkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Sisak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kubasova T, Kollarcikova M, Crhanova M, Karasova D, Cejkova D, Sebkova A, Matiasovicova J, Faldynova M, Pokorna A, Cizek A, Rychlik I. Contact with adult hen affects development of caecal microbiota in newly hatched chicks. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212446. [PMID: 30840648 PMCID: PMC6402632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens in commercial production are hatched in a clean hatchery environment in the absence of any contact with adult hens. However, Gallus gallus evolved to be hatched in a nest in contact with an adult hen which may act as a donor of gut microbiota. In this study, we therefore addressed the issue of microbiota development in newly hatched chickens with or without contact with an adult hen. We found that a mere 24-hour-long contact between a hen and newly hatched chickens was long enough for transfer of hen gut microbiota to chickens. Hens were efficient donors of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. However, except for genus Faecalibacterium and bacterial species belonging to class Negativicutes, hens did not act as an important source of Gram-positive Firmicutes. Though common to the chicken intestinal tract, Lactobacilli and isolates from families Erysipelotrichaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae therefore originated from environmental sources instead of from the hens. These observation may have considerable consequences for the evidence-based design of the new generation of probiotics for poultry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Pokorna
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|