1
|
Dela Torre GLT, Villanueva SYAM. Initial culture media pH influences the antibacterial activity and metabolic footprint of Lactobacillus acidophilus BIOTECH 1900. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:535-544. [PMID: 37671992 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2253461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of initial culture media pH on the antibacterial properties and metabolic profile of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from Lactobacillus acidophilus BIOTECH 1900 (LAB1900). The CFSs harvested from LAB1900 grown in de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe broth with initial pH of 5.5 (CFS5.5) and 6.6 (CFS6.6) were tested. The two CFSs elicited varying degrees of activity against three gram-negative bacteria. In the agar-well diffusion against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CFS5.5 and CFS6.6 recorded 14.36 ± 1.34 and 13.06 ± 1.29 mm inhibition, respectively. Interestingly, against Klebsiella pneumoniae, CFS5.5 showed 14.36 ± 1.56 mm inhibition which was significantly higher than the 12.22 ± 1.31 mm inhibition of CFS6.6 (p = 0.0464). While against Acinetobacter baumannii, significantly higher inhibition of 10.66 ± 0.51 mm was observed in CFS6.6 compared to the 7.58 ± 1.93 mm inhibition of CFS5.5 (p = 0.0087). Nonetheless, both CFSs were bactericidal, with a minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration range of 3.90625-7.8125 mg/mL. The varied antibacterial activities may be attributed to the metabolite compositions of CFSs. A total of 152 metabolites driving the separation between CFSs were noted, with the majority upregulated in CFS5.5. Furthermore, 15 were putatively identified belonging to acylcarnities, vitamins, gibberellins, glycerophospholipids, and peptides. In summary, initial culture media pH affects the production of microbial metabolites with antibacterial properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerwin Louis T Dela Torre
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keeratikunakorn K, Kaewchomphunuch T, Kaeoket K, Ngamwongsatit N. Antimicrobial activity of cell free supernatants from probiotics inhibits against pathogenic bacteria isolated from fresh boar semen. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5995. [PMID: 37046067 PMCID: PMC10097705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33062-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics with semen extender appears to be a practical solution to minimise bacterial growth in fresh boar semen preservation. Unfortunately, the excessive use of antibiotics promotes antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This becomes a worldwide concern due to the antimicrobial resistance genes transmitted to animals, environment, and humans. Probiotics are one of the alternative methods to reduce antibiotic use. They could inhibit pathogenic bacteria by producing antimicrobial substances in cell free supernatants (CFS). Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive study undertaken on inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria isolated from boar semen origin. Our study investigated the efficacy of CFS produced from selected probiotics: Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Weissella spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Pediococcus spp. inhibiting pathogenic bacteria isolated from fresh boar semen. Besides, the semen-origin pathogenic bacteria are subjected to identification, antimicrobial resistance genes detection, and antibiotic susceptibility test (AST). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis are the most common pathogens identified in boar semen with resistance to numerous antibiotics used in pig industry. The CFS with its antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocin constituent derived from selected probiotics could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (mcr-3 and int1 genes). The inhibition zones for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis provided more efficient results in the CFS derived from Lactobacillus spp. and Pediococcus spp. than those of the CFS produced from Enterococcus spp., Weissella spp. and Bacillus spp., respectively. It is worth noted that as the incubation time increased, the antibacterial activity decreased conversely. Our results on CFS with its antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriocin constituent inhibits semen-origin pathogenic bacteria guide the direction as a promising alternative method used in the semen extender preservation of the pig industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krittika Keeratikunakorn
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Thotsapol Kaewchomphunuch
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Kampon Kaeoket
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Natharin Ngamwongsatit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
- Laboratory of Bacteria, Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon 4 Rd., Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hamad G, Saad MA, Talat D, Hassan S, Shalabi OMAK, Salama AM, Abou-Alella S, Esatbeyoglu T, Mehany T. Controlling of Mycobacterium by Natural Degradant-Combination Models for Sequestering Mycolic Acids in Karish Cheese. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36558074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the mycobacterial complex containing mycolic acids (MAs) by natural bioactive compounds is essential for producing safe and value-added foods with therapeutic activities. This study aimed to determine the degradation efficiency of natural organic acid extracts (i.e., citric, malic, tartaric, and lactic), quadri-mix extract from fruits and probiotics (i.e., lemon, apple, grape, and cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus), and synthetic pure organic acids (i.e., citric, malic, tartaric, and lactic), against MA in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and Karish cheese models. The degradation effect was evaluated both individually and in combinations at different concentrations of degradants (1, 1.5, and 2%) and at various time intervals (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The results show that MA degradation percentage recorded its highest value at 2% of mixed fruit extract quadri-mix with L. acidophilus and reached 99.2% after 48 h both in PBS and Karish cheese, unlike other treatments (i.e., citric + malic + tartaric + lactic), individual acids, and sole extracts at all concentrations. Conversely, organic acid quadri-mix revealed the greatest MA degradation% of 95.9, 96.8, and 97.3% at 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively, after 48 h. Citric acid was more effective in MA degradation than other acids. The fruit extract quadri-mix combined with L. acidophilus-fortified Karish cheese showed the highest sensorial characteristics; hence, it can be considered a novel food-grade degradant for MA and could be a promising biocontrol candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in food matrices.
Collapse
|
4
|
Pagliasso G, Di Blasio A, Vitale N, Romano A, Decastelli L, Quasso A, Ricchi M, Dondo A, Pastorino P, Gennero MS, Bergagna S. Goat Paratuberculosis: Experimental Model for the Evaluation of Mycobacterium Persistence in Raw Milk Cheese. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102032. [PMID: 34683352 PMCID: PMC8538418 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of chronic proliferative enteritis found in ruminants, known as paratuberculosis (PTB). The spread of PTB is increasing in countries with advanced animal husbandry practices, leading to significant economic losses. Moreover, a supposed zoonotic role of MAP in Crohn's disease (CD) in humans has been discussed by the scientific community; however, although the association between MAP and CD has generally been accepted, it is still up for debate if MAP is the main cause of CD, a contributing factor, or merely a commensal organism for the development of CD. The aim of this study was to assess the survival of MAP during the entire production process of a traditional Italian goat's raw milk fresh cheese, the "Robiola di Roccaverano", assessing the survival rate and persistence of MAP in the final product. A mix of MAP field isolates from goats of the Roccaverano area and a reference ATCC strain were used to carry out milk in experimental inoculation. Samples of milk, curd and cheese were taken in two consecutive batches of production. Microbiological challenge tests, evaluated by f57-qPCR, showed a significant decrease in MAP charge during the cheesemaking process for both batches, suggesting the productive process has an impact on MAP survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pagliasso
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Alessia Di Blasio
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale TO3, S.C. Sanità Animale, 10064 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Angelo Romano
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Antonio Quasso
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale AT, S.C. Sanità Animale, 14100 Asti, Italy;
| | - Matteo Ricchi
- National Reference Centre for Paratuberculosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Emilia Romagna e della Lombardia, Sezione di Piacenza-Gariga, Strada della Faggiola 1, 29027 Gariga di Podenzano, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Dondo
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-268-6251
| | - Maria Silvia Gennero
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefania Bergagna
- The Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (G.P.); (A.D.B.); (N.V.); (A.R.); (L.D.); (A.D.); (M.S.G.); (S.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patil YM, Patwardhan RB, Abhyankar PS. Improving the Gut Microbiota with Probiotics and Faecal Microbiota Transplantation. J Pure Appl Microbiol 2021; 15:1111-1124. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.3.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are “live strains of strictly selected microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”. After birth, our intestine is colonized by microbes like Escherichia coli, Clostridium spp., Streptococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Bacteroides spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. Our intestine is an extremely complex living system that participates in the protection of host through a strong defence against external aggregations. The microbial ecosystem of the intestine includes many native species of Bacteroides and Firmicutes that permanently colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The composition of flora changes over time depending upon diet and medical emergencies which leads to the diseased condition. Probiotics exert their mode of action by altering the local environment of the gut by competing with the pathogens, bacteriocins production, H2O2 production etc. Obesity is one of the major health problems and is considered as the most prevalent form of inappropriate nutrition. Probiotics like Lactobacillus Sp., Bifidobacterium Sp., Streptococcus Sp. are successfully used in the treatment of obesity proved in clinical trials. Faecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transplantation of Faecal bacteria from a healthy donor into a recipient’s gut to restore normal flora in the recipient. The therapeutic principle on which FMT works is microbes and their functions and metabolites produced by them which are used to treat a variety of diseases. The present review focuses on the role of gastrointestinal microbiome, probiotic selection criteria, their applications and FMT to treat diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Dassanayake RP, Wherry TLT, Falkenberg SM, Reinhardt TA, Casas E, Stabel JR. Bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides have bactericidal effects against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Vet Res 2021; 52:11. [PMID: 33478585 PMCID: PMC7818946 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is complex, but little is known about the role that natural killer (NK) cells play. In the present study, four bovine NK-lysin peptides were synthesized to evaluate their bactericidal activity against MAP. The results demonstrated that bNK-lysin peptides were directly bactericidal against MAP, with bNK1 and bNK2A being more potent than bNK2B and bNK2C. Mechanistically, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the incubation of MAP with bNK2A resulted in extensive damage to cell membranes and cytosolic content leakage. Furthermore, the addition of bNK2A linked with a cell-penetrating peptide resulted in increased MAP killing in a macrophage model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Taylor L T Wherry
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shollie M Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Timothy A Reinhardt
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Judith R Stabel
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Izzo L, Luz C, Ritieni A, Quiles Beses J, Mañes J, Meca G. Inhibitory effect of sweet whey fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum strains against fungal growth: A potential application as an antifungal agent. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3920-3926. [PMID: 33067797 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of mycotoxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium genera represents a problem in food preservation and consequently, its spoilage. During the fermentation process with lactic acid bacteria, a range of secondary metabolites associated with beneficial health effects were released. In the present study, goat whey fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (CECT 220, 221, 223, and 748) species has shown a satisfactory inhibitory effect against 28 fungi, showing for certain species of Fusarium genus and also, for Aspergillus steynii, a value of minimum inhibitory concentration until 1.95 g/L. In addition, phenyllactic acid was identified in each sample of fermented whey at a concentration ranged from 0.34 to 1.21 mg/L. These results suggest the possible use of fermented whey as a source of new preservatives of natural origin to incorporate in food matrices for the purpose of improving the shelf life. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Whey could be a good candidate for use as a natural antifungal agent to incorporate in food matrices. Whey could be used to prevent specific fungal growth that naturally occurs in food preparations. Consequentially, whey could enhance the shelf life of edible products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Carlos Luz
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Juanma Quiles Beses
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Jordi Mañes
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Meca
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gontijo MTP, Silva JDS, Vidigal PMP, Martin JGP. Phylogenetic distribution of the bacteriocin repertoire of lactic acid bacteria species associated with artisanal cheese. Food Res Int 2019; 128:108783. [PMID: 31955749 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The microbiota contributes to artisanal cheese bioprotection and biopreservation through inter and intraspecific competition. This work aimed to investigate the phylogenetic distribution of the repertoire of bacteriocin structural genes of model lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in order to investigate its respective role in the artisanal cheeses microenvironment. A phylogenetic analysis of the rRNA 16S gene from 445 model strains of LAB was conducted using bayesian inference and the repertoire of bacteriocin genes was predicted from these strains by BAGEL software. Bacterial strains were clustered in five monophyletic clades (A, B, C, D and E) with high posterior probability values (PP > 0.99). One bacteriocin structural gene was predicted for 88.5% of the analyzed strains. The majority of the species encoded different classes of bacteriocins. Greater diversity of bacteriocin genes was found for strains included in clade A, comprising Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus macedonicus, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. In addition, Lactococcus lactis presented higher diversity of bacteriocin classes, encoding glycocins, lanthipeptides, sactipeptides, cyclic and linear azole-containing peptides, included in bacteriocins class I, besides class II and III. The results suggest that the distribution of bacteriocin structural genes is related to the phylogenetic clades of LAB species, with a higher frequency in some specific clades. Information comprised in this study contributes to comprehend the bacterial competition mechanisms in the artisanal cheese microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Túlio Pardini Gontijo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jackson de Sousa Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia de Produção, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia (CCT), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Juazeiro do Norte, 63040-000 Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NUBIOMOL), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme Prado Martin
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCB), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ali ZI, Saudi AM, Albrecht R, Talaat AM. The inhibitory effect of nisin on Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis and its effect on mycobacterial cell wall. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:4935-4944. [PMID: 30981481 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) is a widespread problem in the United States and worldwide, and it constitutes a significant health problem for dairy animals with a potential effect on human health. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is easily transmitted through consumption of contaminated milk; therefore, finding safe methods to reduce the mycobacterial load in milk and other dairy products is important to the dairy industry. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of natural products, such as bacteriocins designated as "generally regarded as safe" (GRAS), on the survival of M. paratuberculosis in milk. Commercially synthesized bacteriocin (nisin) was used to examine its effect on the survival of laboratory and field isolates of M. paratuberculosis and in contaminated milk. Surprisingly, nisin had a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the laboratory strain (M. paratuberculosis K10), at 500 U/mL, than against field isolates (e.g., M. paratuberculosis 4B and JTC 1281), at 15 U/mL. In milk, growth of M. paratuberculosis was inhibited after treatment with levels of nisin that are permissible in human food at 4°C and 37°C. Using both fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy, we were able to identify defects in the bacterial cell walls of treated cultures. Our analysis indicated that nisin reduced membrane integrity by forming pores in the mycobacterial cell wall, thereby decreasing survival of M. paratuberculosis. Thus, nisin treatment of milk could be implemented as a control measure to reduce M. paratuberculosis secreted in milk from infected herds. Nisin could also be used to reduce M. paratuberculosis in colostrum given to calves from infected animals, improving biosecurity control in dairy herds affected by Johne's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab I Ali
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11221, Egypt
| | - Adel M Saudi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11221, Egypt
| | - Ralph Albrecht
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - Adel M Talaat
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Raabis S, Li W, Cersosimo L. Effects and immune responses of probiotic treatment in ruminants. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 208:58-66. [PMID: 30712793 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbial colonization and establishment are vital to ruminant health and production. This review article focuses on current knowledge and methods used to understand and manipulate the gut microbial community in ruminant animals, with a special focus on probiotics treatment. This review highlights the most promising of studies in this area, including gut microbial colonization and establishment, effect of gastrointestinal tract microbial community on host mucosal innate immune function, impact of feeding strategies on gut microbial community, current probiotic treatments in ruminants, methods to manipulate the gut microbiota and associated antimicrobial compounds, and models and cell lines used in understanding the host immune response to probiotic treatments. As a lot of work in this area was done in humans and mice, this review article also includes up-to-date knowledge from relevant studies in human and mouse models. This review is a useful resource for scientists working in the areas of ruminant nutrition and health, and to researchers investigating the microbial ecology and its relation to animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Raabis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Wenli Li
- Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, United States.
| | - Laura Cersosimo
- University of Florida, Department of Animal Sciences, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|