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Le HT, Nguyen DPL, Jung GT, Kim E, Yang SH, Lee SM, Lee EA, Jung W, Kim TW, Kim KP. Enrichment and MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Phosphoinositides in Brain Tissue. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2024. [PMID: 38603805 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Triazolium cyclodextrin click cluster (+CCC) is an ideal scaffold to specifically bind phosphoinositides (PIPs) via multivalent electrostatic interaction. A new enrichment material, triazolium cyclodextrin click cluster-magnetic agarose bead conjugate (+CCC-MAB), was synthesized and applied to the PIP enrichment of brain tissue. The enriched sample was analyzed using MALDI-TOF MS in negative ion mode without any derivatization. The PIP extract of brain tissue is known to contain abundant lipid interferences. By employing magnetic pull-down separation using +CCC-MAB, we effectively removed the weak-binding interferences in the PIP extract, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the PIPs. Our +CCC-MAB-based PIP enrichment enabled us to analyze 16 PIP species in brain tissue. Six species with high S/N were assigned by MS/MS, while the remaining 10 species with low S/N were characterized by an empirical selection guide based on the biological relevance of PIPs. We conclude that +CCC-MAB-based PIP enrichment is a promising MALDI sample preparation method for specific PIP analysis in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thi Le
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry, 298 Minh Khai, Bac Tu Liem, Ha Noi 143510, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Phi Long Nguyen
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Tae Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hee Yang
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Min Lee
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ah Lee
- Impedance Imaging Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Gerontology (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xu Y, Wu Y, Bhargawa B, Hong SH, Yoo IK. The Selective Removal of Bisphenol A Using a Magnetic Adsorbent Fused with Bisphenol A-Binding Peptides. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1651. [PMID: 38612165 PMCID: PMC11012372 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The potential of bisphenol A (BPA)-binding peptides fused to magnetic beads is demonstrated as novel adsorbents that are reusable and highly selective for BPA removal from aqueous environments, in which various interfering substances coexist. Magnetic beads harboring peptides (peptide beads) showed a higher BPA removal capacity (8.6 mg/g) than that of bare beads without peptides (2.0 mg/g). The BPA adsorption capacity of peptide beads increased with the number of peptides fused onto the beads, where monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric repeats of a BPA-binding peptide were fused to magnetic beads. The BPA-adsorbing beads were regenerated using a methanol-acetic acid mixture, and after six regeneration cycles, the adsorption capacity remained above 87% of its initial capacity. The selective removal of BPA was confirmed in the presence of BPA analogs with high structural similarity (bisphenol F and bisphenol S) or in synthetic wastewater. The present work is a pioneering study that investigates the selective affinity of peptides to remove specific organics with high selectivity from complex environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bharat Bhargawa
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ho Hong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Keun Yoo
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
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Czétány P, Balló A, Márk L, Török A, Szántó Á, Máté G. An Alternative Application of Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting: CD45 and CD235a Based Purification of Semen and Testicular Tissue Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3627. [PMID: 38612438 PMCID: PMC11011735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) is a well-known sperm selection technique, which is able to remove apoptotic spermatozoa from semen samples using the classic annexinV based method. Leukocytes and erythrocytes in semen samples or in testicular tissue processed for in vitro fertilization (IVF) could exert detrimental effects on sperm. In the current study, we rethought the aforementioned technique and used magnetic microbeads conjugated with anti-CD45/CD235a antibodies to eliminate contaminating leukocytes and erythrocytes from leukocytospermic semen samples and testicular tissue samples gained via testicular sperm extraction (TESE). With this technique, a 15.7- and a 30.8-fold reduction could be achieved in the ratio of leukocytes in semen and in the number of erythrocytes in TESE samples, respectively. Our results show that MACS is a method worth to reconsider, with more potential alternative applications. Investigations to find molecules labeling high-quality sperm population and the development of positive selection procedures based on these might be a direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Czétány
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - András Balló
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary;
| | - László Márk
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Török
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary;
| | - Árpád Szántó
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Gábor Máté
- Urology Clinic, University of Pécs Clinical Centre, 7621 Pécs, Hungary; (P.C.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
- Pannon Reproduction Institute, 8300 Tapolca, Hungary;
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Furuya H, Sakatani T, Tanaka S, Murakami K, Waldron RT, Hogrefe W, Rosser CJ. Bladder cancer risk stratification with the Oncuria 10-plex bead-based urinalysis assay using three different Luminex xMAP instrumentation platforms. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3635581. [PMID: 38045238 PMCID: PMC10690323 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3635581/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background No single marker of bladder cancer (BC) exists in urine samples with sufficient accuracy for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The multiplex Oncuria BC assay noninvasively quantifies the concentration of 10 protein analytes in voided urine samples to quickly generate a unique molecular profile with proven BC diagnostic and treatment-tracking utility. Test adoption by diagnostic and research laboratories mandates reliably reproducible assay performance across a variety of instrumentation platforms used in different laboratories. Methods We compared the performance of the clinically validated Oncuria BC multiplex immunoassay when data output was generated on three different analyzer systems. Voided urine samples from 36 subjects (18 with BC and 18 Controls) were reacted with Oncuria test reagents in three 96-well microtiter plates on Day 1, and consecutively evaluated on the LED/image-based MagPix, and laser/flow based Luminex 200 and FlexMap 3D (all xMAP instruments from Luminex Corp., Austin, TX) on Day 2. The BC assay uses magnetic bead-based fluorescence technology (xMAP, Multi-analyte profiling; Luminex) to simultaneously quantify 10 protein analytes in urine specimens [i.e., angiogenin (ANG), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), CXCL8/interleukin-8 (IL-8), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10), serpin A1/alpha-1 anti-trypsin (A1AT), serpin E1/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), CD138/syndecan-1 (SDC1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)]. Results All three platforms categorized all 10 analytes in identical samples at nearly identical concentrations, with variance across systems typically <5%. While the most contemporary instrument, the FlexMap 3D, output higher raw fluorescence values than the two comparator systems, standard curve slopes and analyte concentrations determined in urine samples were concordant across all three units. Forty-four percent of BC samples registered ≥1 analyte above the highest standard concentration, i.e., A1AT (n=7/18), IL-8 (n=5), and/or ANG (n=2). In Controls, A1AT was higher in one sample. Conclusion Multiplex BC assays generate detailed molecular signatures useful for identifying BC, predicting treatment esponsiveness, and tracking disease progression and recurrence. The similar performance of the Oncuria assay across three different analyzer systems supports test adaptation by clinical and research laboratories using existing xMAP platforms. Trial Registration This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04564781, NCT03193528, NCT03193541, and NCT03193515.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toru Sakatani
- Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
| | - Sunao Tanaka
- Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Cedars-Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
| | | | | | - Charles J Rosser
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute
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Yao J, Adnan A, Wang HB. Separation mixed semen of two individuals using magnetic beads coupled ABH blood group antibody. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1539-1547. [PMID: 37650265 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In sexual assault cases, one of the most common samples collected is a mixed semen stain, which is often found on the vagina, female underwear, or bed sheets. However, it is usually difficult to identify the perpetrator based on this sample alone. One technique that has been developed to address this issue is magnetic bead-based separation. This method involves using modified magnetic microspheres to capture and enrich specific target cells, in this case, sperm cells. In this study, we utilized magnetic beads coupled with ABH blood group antibody to isolate sperm cells from an individual of a single ABO blood type. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction amplification and capillary electrophoresis were employed to perform the genotyping the short tandem repeat (STR) loci. This approach allows for the identification of different individuals in a mixed seminal stain sample from two individuals, by first separating sperm cells based on ABH antigen differences and subsequently utilizing autosomal STR typing on the enriched single blood group cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai, P. R. China
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Atif Adnan
- Department of Forensic Sciences, College of Criminal Justice, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, P. R. China
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6
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Shen P, Qu X, Ge Q, Huang T, Sun Q, Lu Z. Magnetic Bead Spherical Nucleic Acid Microstructure for Reliable DNA Preservation and Repeated DNA Reading. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:2393-2402. [PMID: 37470286 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA is an attractive medium for long-term data storage because of its density, ease of copying, sustainability, and longevity. Recent advances have focused on the development of new encoding algorithms, automation, and sequencing technologies. Despite progress in these subareas, the most challenging hurdle in the deployment of DNA storage remains the reliability of preservation and the repeatability of reading. Herein, we report the construction of a magnetic bead spherical nucleic acid (MB-SNA) composite microstructure and its use as a cost-effective platform for reliable DNA preservation and repeated reading. MB-SNA has an inner core of silica@γ-Fe2O3@silica microbeads and an outer spherical shell of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with a density as high as 34 pmol/cm2. For MB-SNA, each strand of dsDNA stored a piece of data, and the high-density packing of dsDNA achieved high-capacity storage. MB-SNA was advantageous in terms of reliable preservation over free DNA. By accelerated aging tests, the data of MB-SNA is demonstrated to be readable after 0.23 million years of preservation at -18 °C and 50% relative humidity. Moreover, MB-SNA facilitated repeated reading by facile PCR-magnetic separation. After 10 cycles of PCR access, the retention rate of dsDNA for MB-SNA is demonstrated to be as high as 93%, and the accuracy of sequencing is more than 98%. In addition, MB-SNA makes cost-effective DNA storage feasible. By serial dilution, the physical limit for MB-SNA to achieve accurate reading is probed to be as low as two microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qingjiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Gao F, Liu G, Qiao Y, Dong X, Liu L. Streptavidin-Conjugated DNA for the Boronate Affinity-Based Detection of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 with Improved Sensitivity. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:723. [PMID: 37504121 PMCID: PMC10377026 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the development of a fluorescence method for the detection of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), in which a phenylboronic acid-modified fluorescein isothiocyanate dye (FITC-PBA) was used to recognize the formed poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymer. The detection system was designed by conjugating recombinant streptavidin (rSA) with PARP1-specific double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) through streptavidin-biotin interaction. Capture of PARP1 via rSA-biotin-dsDNA allowed for the poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) of both rSA and PARP1 in a homogeneous solution. The resulting rSA-biotin-dsDNA/PAR conjugates were then captured and separated via the commercialized nitrilotriacetic acid-nickel ion-modified magnetic bead (MB-NTA-Ni) through the interaction between NTA-Ni on MB surface and oligohistidine (His6) tag in rSA. The PAR polymer could capture the dye of FITC-PBA through the borate ester interaction between the boronic acid moiety in PBA and the cis-diol group in ribose, thus causing a decrease in fluorescence signal. The PARylation of streptavidin and the influence of steric hindrance on PARylation efficiency were confirmed using reasonable detection strategies. The method showed a wide linear range (0.01~20 U) and a low detection limit (0.01 U). This work should be valuable for the development of novel biosensors for the detection of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and diol-containing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yishu Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiuwen Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
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8
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Liu G, La M, Wang J, Liu J, Han Y, Liu L. Magnetically Assisted Immobilization-Free Detection of microRNAs Based on the Signal Amplification of Duplex-Specific Nuclease. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:699. [PMID: 37504098 PMCID: PMC10437004 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The double specific nuclease (DSN)-based methods for microRNAs (miRNAs) detection usually require the immobilization of DNA probes on a solid surface. However, such strategies have the drawbacks of low hybridization and cleavage efficiency caused by steric hindrance effect and high salt concentration on the solid surface. Herein, we proposed an immobilization-free method for miRNA detection on the basic of DSN-assisted signal amplification. The biotin- and fluorophore-labeled probes were captured by streptavidin-modified magnetic beads through streptavidin-biotin interactions, thus producing a poor fluorescence signal. Once the DNA probes were hybridized with target miRNA in solution to form DNA-miRNA duplexes, DNA stands in the duplexes would be selectively digested by DSN. The released target miRNA could initiate the next hybridization/cleavage recycling in the homogeneous solution, finally resulting in the release of numerous fluorophore-labeled fragments. The released fluorophores remained in solution and emitted strong fluorescence after treatment by the streptavidin-modified magnetic beads. The immobilization-free method achieved the assays of miRNA-21 with a detection limit down to 0.01 pM. It was employed to evaluate the expression levels of miRNA-21 in different cancer cells with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Ming La
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yongjun Han
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 467000, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, China
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Shan Y, He T, Li Y, Zhu J, Yue X, Yang Y. A Magnetic-Bead-Based Immunoassay with a Newly Developed Monoclonal Antibody for Rapid and Highly Sensitive Detection of Forchlorfenuron. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:593. [PMID: 37366958 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a widely used plant growth regulator in agriculture, and CPPU residue in food can cause harm to human health. Thus, it is necessary to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for CPPU monitoring. In this study, a new monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CPPU with high affinity was prepared by a hybridoma technique, and a magnetic bead (MB)-based analytical method was established for the determination of CPPU by a one-step procedure. Under optimized conditions, the detection limit of the MB-based immunoassay was as low as 0.0004 ng/mL, which was five times more sensitive than the traditional indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA). In addition, the detection procedure took less than 35 min, a significant improvement over the 135 min required for icELISA. The selectivity test of the MB-based assay also showed negligible cross-reactivity with five analogues. Furthermore, the accuracy of the developed assay was assessed by the analysis of spiked samples, and the results agreed well with those obtained by HPLC. The excellent analytical performance of the proposed assay suggests its great potential for routine screening of CPPU, and it provides a basis for promoting the application of more immunosensors in the quantitative detection of low concentrations of small organic molecules in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiali Yue
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
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Lee SE, Jeong SE, Hong JS, Im H, Hwang SY, Oh JK, Kim SE. Gold-Nanoparticle-Coated Magnetic Beads for ALP-Enzyme-Based Electrochemical Immunosensing in Human Plasma. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15196875. [PMID: 36234217 PMCID: PMC9573121 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive AuNP-coated magnetic beads (AMB)-based electrochemical biosensor platform was fabricated for bioassay. In this study, AuNP-conjugated magnetic particles were successfully prepared using biotin-streptavidin conjugation. The morphology and structure of the nanocomplex were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and UV-visible spectroscopy. Moreover, cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to investigate the effect of AuNP-MB on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for electrochemical signal enhancement. An ALP-based electrochemical (EC) immunoassay was performed on the developed AuNP-MB complex with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. Subsequently, the concentration of capture antibodies was well-optimized on the AMB complex via biotin-avidin conjugation. Lastly, the developed AuNP-MB immunoassay platform was verified with extracellular vesicle (EV) detection via immune response by showing the existence of EGFR proteins on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-derived EVs (108 particle/mL) spiked in human plasma. Therefore, the signal-enhanced ALP-based EC biosensor on AuNP-MB was favorably utilized as an immunoassay platform, revealing the potential application of biosensors in immunoassays in biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Eun Lee
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea
| | - Se-Eun Jeong
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea
| | - Jae-Sang Hong
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sei-Young Hwang
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
| | - Jun Kyun Oh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, 152 Jukjeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si 16890, Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Human IT Convergence Research Center, Convergence System R&D Division, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-789-7555
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11
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Jang SS, Noh JY, Kim MC, Lim HA, Song MS, Kim HK. α2,3-Linked Sialic Acids Are the Potential Attachment Receptor for Shaan Virus Infection in MARC-145 Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0125622. [PMID: 35924912 PMCID: PMC9430483 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01256-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaan virus (ShaV), a novel species of the genus Jeilongvirus, family Paramyxoviridae, was isolated from an insectivore bat (Miniopterus schreibersii) in Korea in 2016. ShaV particles contain a hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein in their envelope that allows the virus to target cells. Typically, diverse paramyxoviruses with HN glycoprotein are reported to interact predominantly with sialic acids, but there are no studies of receptors for ShaV. In this study, the identification of potential receptors for ShaV was demonstrated using sialidase treatments, glycan microarray, magnetic bead-based virus binding assay, and neuraminidase inhibitor treatments. Pretreatment of MARC-145 cells with sialidase, which cleaves α2,3-linked sialic acids, showed higher inhibition of viral infection than α2,6-linked-specific sialidase. These data were supported by the binding of ShaV to predominantly α2,3-linked sialylated glycans in the screening of sialyl linkage patterns through glycan microarray. To further confirm the direct interaction between ShaV and α2,3-linked sialic acids, ShaV was incubated with α2,3- or α2,6-linked sialylated glycans conjugated to magnetic beads, and binding signals were detected only for α2,3-linked sialylated glycans. In addition, the potential of sialic acids as a receptor was demonstrated by the viral replication inhibitory effect of the neuraminidase inhibitor 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminicacid (DANA) in the mature virion release steps. Collectively, these results support that α2,3-linked sialic acids are the potential receptor for ShaV infection in MARC-145 cells. IMPORTANCE Bats host major mammalian paramyxoviruses, and novel paramyxoviruses are increasingly being reported around the world. Shaan virus (ShaV), from the genus Jeilongvirus, family Paramyxoviridae, has a potential attachment glycoprotein, HN. Here, we identify that ShaV binds to sialic acid and demonstrate that α2,3-linked sialic acids are the potential receptor for ShaV infection. The presented data regarding ShaV receptor specificity will enable studies into the viral tropism for the host and contribute to the development of new antiviral strategies targeting viral receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Sik Jang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Noh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun A. Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kwon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jiawei S, Zhi C, Kewei T, Xiaoping L. Magnetic bead-based adsorption strategy for exosome isolation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942077. [PMID: 36051582 PMCID: PMC9424818 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, one type of extracellular vesicle (EV) secreted by cells, participate in intercellular communication and other biological processes as carriers of lipids, functional proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and DNA fragments. Their presence in biofluids makes them attractive candidates as innovative clinical diagnostic tools. However, the conventional isolation and analysis of high-purity exosomes in clinical application is challenging, with traditional methods facing a number of shortcomings, including low yield or purity, long periods of processing, high cost, and difficulties in standardization. In this study, we provide an overview of commonly used exosome isolation approaches with a focus on magnetic bead-based capture, an ideal methodology with high purity and integrality of exosomes. The current challenges on exosome isolation methods are also described to highlight areas for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jiawei
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhi
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Kewei
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xiaoping
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren College, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li Xiaoping,
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13
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Uddin SM, Sayad A, Chan J, Skafidas E, Kwan P. Design and Optimisation of Elliptical-Shaped Planar Hall Sensor for Biomedical Applications. Biosensors (Basel) 2022; 12:108. [PMID: 35200368 PMCID: PMC8869978 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic beads detection-based immunoassay, also called magneto-immunoassay, has potential applications in point-of-care testing (POCT) due to its unique advantage of minimal background interference from the biological sample and associated reagents. While magnetic field detection technologies are well established for numerous applications in the military, as well as in geology, archaeology, mining, spacecraft, and mobile phones, adaptation into magneto-immunoassay is yet to be explored. The magnetic field biosensors under development tend to be multilayered and require an expensive fabrication process. A low-cost and affordable biosensing platform is required for an effective point-of-care diagnosis in a resource-limited environment. Therefore, we evaluated a single-layered magnetic biosensor in this study to overcome this limitation. The shape-induced magnetic anisotropy-based planar hall effect sensor was recently developed to detect a low-level magnetic field, but was not explored for medical application. In this study, the elliptical-shaped planar hall effect (EPHE) sensor was designed, fabricated, characterized, and optimized for the magneto-immunoassay, specifically. Nine sensor variants were designed and fabricated. A customized measurement setup incorporating a lock-in amplifier was used to quantify 4.5 µm magnetic beads in a droplet. The result indicated that the single-domain behaviour of the magnetic film and larger sensing area with a thinner magnetic film had the highest sensitivity. The developed sensor was tested with a range of magnetic bead concentrations, demonstrating a limit of detection of 200 beads/μL. The sensor performance encourages employing magneto-immunoassay towards developing a low-cost POCT device in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Mukim Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Abkar Sayad
- Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Jianxiong Chan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Efstratios Skafidas
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (S.M.U.); (J.C.); (E.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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14
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Yu Q, Wu Y, Kang T, Choo J. Development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based immunoassay platforms using hollow Au nanostars for reliable SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021; 42:1699-1705. [PMID: 34898787 PMCID: PMC8653018 DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 assay platform using hollow Au nanostars to realize high‐sensitivity diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2. The assay was performed using SARS‐CoV‐2 lysate as the target in a wide dynamic range with virus concentrations ranging from 0 to 104 PFU/ml and has a limit of detection (LOD) of 5.1 PFU/ml. This LOD value shows 100 times and 10 times better sensitivity compared to the LODs measured on the same sample using a commercially available rapid kit and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Therefore, we believe that this SERS‐based SARS‐CoV‐2 assay platform has high diagnostic accuracy for early or asymptomatic infected patients with low virus concentrations. Furthermore, the probability of a false‐negative diagnosis is likely to be very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yixuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea
| | - Taejoon Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon South Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University Seoul South Korea
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15
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Sabat J, Subhadra S, Rath S, Ho LM, Kanungo S, Panda S, Mandal MC, Dash S, Pati S, Turuk J. Yielding quality viral RNA by using two different chemistries: a comparative performance study. Biotechniques 2021; 71:510-5. [PMID: 34528832 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purity and integrity are two important criteria for any RNA extraction process to qualify the RNA for meaningful gene expression analysis. This study compares four commercially available RNA extraction kits using silica membrane and magnetic bead separation methods. The performance was evaluated in terms of both quantity (total RNA amount in μg/μl) and purity (260/280 ratio). The concentration and purity of each kit was significantly different from those of the others (p < 0.001). Although quantity obtained from Mag MAX is comparatively lower than QIAGEN, the quality is comparable as evident from real-time PCR performance. This study suggests that there are practical differences between these RNA extraction kits that should be taken into account while isolating RNA required for gene expression analysis.
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16
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Deng M, Wang Y, Chen G, Liu J, Wang Z, Xu H. Poly-l-lysine-functionalized magnetic beads combined with polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12342-12352. [PMID: 34482981 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and credible detection of pathogens is essential to prevent and control outbreaks of foodborne diseases. In this study, a poly-l-lysine-functionalized magnetic beads (PLL-MB) strategy combined with a PCR assay was established to detect Staphylococcus aureus. We also detected Escherichia coli O157:H7 to further verify the strategy for gram-negative bacteria detection. Poly-l-lysine has strong positive charges because of its amino groups, which can conjugate with the carboxyl of carboxyl magnetic beads. Furthermore, it can be used to combine with bacteria through electrostatic adsorption. Under optimum conditions, the developed PLL-MB complexes showed 90% capture efficiency in phosphate-buffered saline and 85% capture efficiency in milk for S. aureus detection. The limit of detection of the PLL-MB-PCR assay was 102 cfu/mL (1.8 × 102 cfu/mL for S. aureus and 7 × 102 cfu/mL for E. coli O157:H7) in phosphate-buffered saline and milk samples. The whole assay can be performed within 4 h. The proposed strategy showed a lower limit of detection when compared with the conventional PCR assay without enrichment. In addition, this method exhibited the advantages of a high-efficient, cost-efficient, and simple operation, indicating its potential applications in foodborne pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yutong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Guanhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Ju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Zhengzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
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17
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Vinduska V, Gallops CE, O’Connor R, Wang Y, Huang X. Exosomal Surface Protein Detection with Quantum Dots and Immunomagnetic Capture for Cancer Detection. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:1853. [PMID: 34361239 PMCID: PMC8308325 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes carry molecular contents reflective of parental cells and thereby hold great potential as a source of biomarkers for non-invasive cancer detection and monitoring. However, simple and rapid exosomal molecular detection remains challenging. Here, we report a facile method for exosome surface protein detection using quantum dot coupled with immunomagnetic capture and enrichment. In this method, exosomes were captured by magnetic beads based on CD81 protein expression. Surface protein markers of interest were recognized by primary antibody and then detected by secondary antibody-conjugated quantum dot with fluorescent spectroscopy. Validated by ELISA, our method can specifically detect different surface markers on exosomes from different cancer cell lines and differentiate cancer exosomes from normal exosomes. The clinical potential was demonstrated with pilot plasma samples using HER2-positive breast cancer as the disease model. The results show that exosomes from HER2-positive breast cancer patients exhibited a five times higher level of HER2 expression than healthy controls. Exosomal HER2 showed strong diagnostic power for HER2-positive patients, with the area under the curve of 0.969. This quantum dot-based exosome method is rapid (less than 5 h) and only requires microliters of diluted plasma without pre-purification, practical for routine use for basic vesicle research, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (V.V.); (C.E.G.); (R.O.); (Y.W.)
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18
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Zhang S, Luan Y, Xiong M, Zhang J, Lake R, Lu Y. DNAzyme Amplified Aptasensing Platform for Ochratoxin A Detection Using a Personal Glucose Meter. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:9472-9481. [PMID: 33550797 PMCID: PMC9168673 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer-based sensors have emerged as a major platform for detecting small-molecular targets, because aptamers can be selected to bind these small molecules with higher affinity and selectivity than other receptors such as antibodies. However, portable, accurate, sensitive, and affordable detection of these targets remains a challenge. In this work, we developed an aptasensing platform incorporating magnetic beads and a DNAzyme for signal amplification, resulting in high sensitivity. The biosensing platform was constructed by conjugating a biotin-labeled aptamer probe of small-molecular targets such as toxins and a biotin-labeled substrate strand on magnetic beads, and the DNAzyme strand hybridized with the aptamer probe to block the substrate cleavage activity. The specific binding of the small-molecular target by the aptamer probe can replace the DNAzyme strand and then induce the hybridization between the DNAzyme strand and substrate strand, and the iterative signal amplification reaction of hydrolysis and cleavage of the substrate chain occurs in the presence of a metal ion cofactor. Using invertase to label the substrate strand, the detection of small molecules of the toxin is successfully transformed into the measurement of glucose, and the sensitive analysis of small molecules such as toxins can be realized by using the household portable glucose meter as a readout. This platform is shown to detect ochratoxin, a common toxin in food, with a linear detection range of 5 orders of magnitude, a low detection limit of 0.88 pg/mL, and good selectivity. The platform is easy to operate and can be used as a potential choice for quantitative analysis of small molecules, at home or under point-of-care settings. Moreover, by changing and designing the aptamer probe and the arm of DNAzyme strand, it can be used for the analysis of other analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbai Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Treatment Functional Materials, Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Electroplating Wastewater Reuse Technology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for The Construction & Development of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yunxia Luan
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mengyi Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ryan Lake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Jelinkova P, Hrdy J, Markova J, Dresler J, Pajer P, Pavlis O, Branich P, Borilova G, Reichelova M, Babak V, Reslova N, Kralik P. Development and Inter-Laboratory Validation of Diagnostics Panel for Detection of Biothreat Bacteria Based on MOL-PCR Assay. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010038. [PMID: 33374468 PMCID: PMC7823616 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection of biohazardous bacteria that can be misused as biological weapons is one of the most important measures to prevent the spread and outbreak of biological warfare. For this reason, many instrument platforms need to be introduced into operation in the field of biological warfare detection. Therefore the purpose of this study is to establish a new detection panel for biothreat bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, and Brucella spp.) and confirm it by collaborative validation by using a multiplex oligonucleotide ligation followed by polymerase chain reaction and hybridization to microspheres by MagPix detection platform (MOL-PCR). Appropriate specific sequences in bacterial DNA were selected and tested to assemble the detection panel, and MOLigo probes (short specific oligonucleotides) were designed to show no cross-reactivity when tested between bacteria and to decrease the background signal measurement on the MagPix platform. During testing, sensitivity was assessed for all target bacteria using serially diluted DNA and was determined to be at least 0.5 ng/µL. For use as a diagnostic kit and easier handling, the storage stability of ligation premixes (MOLigo probe mixes) was tested. This highly multiplex method can be used for rapid screening to prevent outbreaks arising from the use of bacterial strains for bioterrorism, because time of analysis take under 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlina Jelinkova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Hrdy
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Markova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Jiri Dresler
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Oto Pavlis
- Military Health Institute, Military Medical Agency, Tychonova 1, 160 01 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.); (O.P.)
| | - Pavel Branich
- Military Veterinary Institute, Opavska 29, 748 01 Hlucin, Czech Republic;
| | - Gabriela Borilova
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (P.K.)
| | - Marketa Reichelova
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
- Collection of Animal Pathogenic Microorganisms, Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (J.M.); (M.R.); (V.B.)
| | - Nikol Reslova
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Kralik
- Department of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (G.B.); (P.K.)
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20
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Li Q, Xie G, Wang Y, Aguilar ZP, Xu H. Vancomycin-modified poly-l-lysine magnetic separation combined with multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for efficient detection of Bacillus cereus in milk. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1465-1473. [PMID: 33272582 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new vancomycin (Van)-modified poly-l-lysine (PLL) magnetic bead (MB) technique was developed for isolation of gram-positive bacteria. The method combines magnetic separation with a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay and gel electrophoresis for easy and rapid detection of Bacillus cereus. Vancomycin was used as a molecular ligand between the MB and the d-alanyl-d-alanine moieties on the cell wall surface of B. cereus. The PLL served as a flexible molecular tether between the MB and Van that reduced steric hindrance maintaining the biological activity of Van. The MB-PLL-Van capture nanoprobes exhibited excellent capture and isolation efficiency for B. cereus in spiked milk matrix samples without interference from the complex food matrix. The subsequent mPCR assay showed high specificity for the 4 target genes in B. cereus, the entFM, cesB, cer, and 16S rRNA genes, that were used to achieve efficient genotyping and detection. Under optimum conditions, the limit of detection reached 103 cfu/mL, with a dynamic range of detection at 103 to 107 cfu/mL in pure culture. Application of the MB-PLL-Van mediated mPCR assay for B. cereus in milk matrix samples achieved results similar to those of the pure culture. In addition, with a 6-h pre-enrichment of B. cereus that was spiked in milk matrix samples, the limit of detection reached 101 cfu/mL. The MB-PLL-Van mediated mPCR assay developed in this study could be used as a universal technology platform for the efficient enrichment and genotyping of gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Guoyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yutong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | | | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
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Zhang H, Zeng J, Han D, Deng J, Hu N, Zheng X, Yang J. Deterministic Lateral Displacement-Based Separation of Magnetic Beads and Its Applications of Antibody Recognition. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:E2846. [PMID: 32429490 DOI: 10.3390/s20102846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a magnetic-driven deterministic lateral displacement (m-DLD) microfluidic device. A permanent magnet located at the outlet of the microchannel was used to generate the driving force. Two stages of mirrored round micropillar array were designed for the separation of magnetic beads with three different sizes in turn. The effects of the forcing angle and the inlet width of the micropillar array on the separating efficiency were studied. The m-DLD device with optimal structure parameters shows that the separating efficiencies for the 10 μm, 20 μm and 40 μm magnetic beads are 87%, 89% and 94%, respectively. Furthermore, this m-DLD device was used for antibody recognition and separation among a mixture solution of antibodies. The trajectories of different kinds of magnetic beads coupled with different antigens showed that the m-DLD device could realize a simple and low-cost diagnostic test.
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22
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Chen X, Miller A, Cao S, Gan Y, Zhang J, He Q, Wang RQ, Yong X, Qin P, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Du K. Rapid Escherichia coli Trapping and Retrieval from Bodily Fluids via a Three-Dimensional Bead-Stacked Nanodevice. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:7888-7896. [PMID: 31939648 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel micro- and nanofluidic device stacked with magnetic beads has been developed to efficiently trap, concentrate, and retrieve Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the bacterial suspension and pig plasma. The small voids between the magnetic beads are used to physically isolate the bacteria in the device. We used computational fluid dynamics, three-dimensional (3D) tomography technology, and machine learning to probe and explain the bead stacking in a small 3D space with various flow rates. A combination of beads with different sizes is utilized to achieve a high capture efficiency (∼86%) with a flow rate of 50 μL/min. Leveraging the high deformability of this device, an E. coli sample can be retrieved from the designated bacterial suspension by applying a higher flow rate followed by rapid magnetic separation. This unique function is also utilized to concentrate E. coli cells from the original bacterial suspension. An on-chip concentration factor of ∼11× is achieved by inputting 1300 μL of the E. coli sample and then concentrating it in 100 μL of buffer. Importantly, this multiplexed, miniaturized, inexpensive, and transparent device is easy to fabricate and operate, making it ideal for pathogen separation in both laboratory and point-of-care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Chen
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
| | - Abbi Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
| | - Shengting Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35401 , United States
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , Alabama 35401 , United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Carollo Engineers, Inc. , Seattle , Washington 98101 , United States
| | - Qian He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare , Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Ruo-Qian Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08854 , United States
| | - Xin Yong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The State University of New York , Binghamton , New York 13902 , United States
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Center of Precision Medicine and Healthcare , Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute , Shenzhen , Guangdong Province 518055 , China
| | - Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Microsystems Engineering , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Rochester Institute of Technology , Rochester , New York 14623 , United States
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Chen C, Guo X, Liang H, Ning B, Li J, Zhong S, Liu X, Li L. Determination of parvovirus antibodies in canine serum using magnetic bead-based chemiluminescence immunoassay. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:586-590. [PMID: 31039295 PMCID: PMC7161764 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), as a highly contagious and potentially fatal disease of dogs and many other carnivores, usually causes severe gastroenteritis and myocarditis. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to have an accurate method to determine the CPV-2 antibodies (CPV-2-Ab) in canine samples. Here, a magnetic bead-based chemiluminescence immunoassay was established and optimized to detect the concentration of CPV-2-Ab in serum. And a commercial assay was also used to evaluate the consistency with our method. After optimization of the detective system, the CPV-2-Ab was captured by CPV-antigen-magnetic bead (8.3 µg/mL); then combined with the conjugation of anti-canine IgG antibody-acridinium ester (0.36 µg/mL). Finally, collected the signal (read the luminosity) after 1 H reaction time. The linear correlation coefficient (R2 ) is 0.9924. The limit of detection (sensitivity) is 0.36 ng/mL (the linear dynamic range: 1.32-93.75 ng/mL), and the average recovery is 100.89% without cross-reactions with other canine viral antibodies. The results' correlation between commercial assays and this method is 0.9888. This immunoassay establishes that it has high sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity in clinical analysis, indicating that this method could be suitable for quantitative detection of CPV-2-Ab and evaluation of vaccination effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Chen
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Huankun Liang
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Bo Ning
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Jiexing Li
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Shuhai Zhong
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Xipan Liu
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Laiqing Li
- Guangzhou Youdi Bio-technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
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Xu Y, Xiao D, Zhang H, He L, Gu Y, Peng X, Gao X, Liu Z, Zhang J. A prospective study on peptide mapping of human fatigue saliva markers based on magnetic beads. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2995-3002. [PMID: 30936969 PMCID: PMC6434231 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore convenient and stable fatigue markers, we studied various high-molecular-weight peptide fragments under fatigue state and non-fatigue state in the saliva using time of flight mass spectrometry. The saliva samples were collected from 10 healthy volunteers that were in the condition of fatigue and non-fatigue, respectively. Moreover, the time of flight mass spectrometry was conducted using two kinds of sample treatment methods, the magnetic beads enrichment (MB) and direct detection of stock solution. This was followed by modeling via the mass spectra of MB and supernatant (stock solution) directly collected after centrifugation. Both MB and direct sampling produced good spectrograms between 1,000 and 15,000 Da, while some peaks were lost in the enrichment. The spectrograms in the early and late period were different in each individual. Due to the limited sample size, 20 early and 20 late spectrograms were used for modeling analysis. Three different peptides were identified in the stock solution samples that can be detected in both fatigue and non-fatigue groups. The cross validity of MB model was 92.06%, while that of the stock solution model was 95.49%. The results showed that there were different peaks within the molecular weight of 2,000-15,000 Da, which provided a scientific basis for further realization of the convenient fatigue detection method based on the biosensor technique, with important theoretical and practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xu
- Hebei University of Engineering, Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Di Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Lihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Gao
- Beijing Huawei Tongke Medical Research Center, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Hebei University of Engineering, Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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25
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Achtsnicht S, Tödter J, Niehues J, Telöken M, Offenhäusser A, Krause HJ, Schröper F. 3D Printed Modular Immunofiltration Columns for Frequency Mixing-Based Multiplex Magnetic Immunodetection. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E148. [PMID: 30609859 DOI: 10.3390/s19010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
For performing point-of-care molecular diagnostics, magnetic immunoassays constitute a promising alternative to established enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) because they are fast, robust and sensitive. Simultaneous detection of multiple biomolecular targets from one body fluid sample is desired. The aim of this work is to show that multiplex magnetic immunodetection based on magnetic frequency mixing by means of modular immunofiltration columns prepared for different targets is feasible. By calculations of the magnetic response signal, the required spacing between the modules was determined. Immunofiltration columns were manufactured by 3D printing and antibody immobilization was performed in a batch approach. It was shown experimentally that two different target molecules in a sample solution could be individually detected in a single assaying step with magnetic measurements of the corresponding immobilization filters. The arrangement order of the filters and of a negative control did not influence the results. Thus, a simple and reliable approach to multi-target magnetic immunodetection was demonstrated.
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26
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Shen M, Joshi AA, Vannam R, Dixit CK, Hamilton RG, Kumar CV, Rusling JF, Peczuh MW. Epitope-Resolved Detection of Peanut-Specific IgE Antibodies by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. Chembiochem 2018; 19:199-202. [PMID: 29232483 PMCID: PMC5965296 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy can be life-threatening and is mediated by allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Investigation of IgE antibody binding to allergenic epitopes can identify specific interactions underlying the allergic response. Here, we report a surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) immunoassay for differentiating IgE antibodies by epitope-resolved detection. IgE antibodies were first captured by magnetic beads bearing IgE ϵ-chain-specific antibodies and then introduced into an SPRi array immobilized with epitopes from the major peanut allergen glycoprotein Arachis hypogaea h2 (Ara h2). Differential epitope responses were achieved by establishing a binding environment that minimized cross-reactivity while maximizing analytical sensitivity. IgE antibody binding to each Ara h2 epitope was distinguished and quantified from patient serum samples (10 μL each) in a 45 min assay. Excellent correlation of Ara h2-specific IgE values was found between ImmunoCAP assays and the new SPRi method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Amit A Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Raghu Vannam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Chandra K Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Robert G Hamilton
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Challa V Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Mark W Peczuh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Wu J, Dong M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Xie M, Chen Y. Magnetic Lateral Flow Strip for the Detection of Cocaine in Urine by Naked Eyes and Smart Phone Camera. Sensors (Basel) 2017; 17:s17061286. [PMID: 28587239 PMCID: PMC5492392 DOI: 10.3390/s17061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic lateral flow strip (MLFS) based on magnetic bead (MB) and smart phone camera has been developed for quantitative detection of cocaine (CC) in urine samples. CC and CC-bovine serum albumin (CC-BSA) could competitively react with MB-antibody (MB-Ab) of CC on the surface of test line of MLFS. The color of MB-Ab conjugate on the test line relates to the concentration of target in the competition immunoassay format, which can be used as a visual signal. Furthermore, the color density of the MB-Ab conjugate can be transferred into digital signal (gray value) by a smart phone, which can be used as a quantitative signal. The linear detection range for CC is 5–500 ng/mL and the relative standard deviations are under 10%. The visual limit of detection was 5 ng/mL and the whole analysis time was within 10 min. The MLFS has been successfully employed for the detection of CC in urine samples without sample pre-treatment and the result is also agreed to that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). With the popularization of smart phone cameras, the MLFS has large potential in the detection of drug residues in virtue of its stability, speediness, and low-cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
- Analytical & Testing Center of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Mingling Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center of Digestive Diseases, 95 Yong-an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Mengxia Xie
- Analytical & Testing Center of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yiping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
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28
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Abstract
Selective immunoprecipitation of proteins is a useful tool for characterizing proteins and protein-protein interactions. Clear step-by-step protocols are provided for preparing lysates of cells and yeast under a variety of conditions, for binding the antibody to a solid matrix, and for performing the actual immunoprecipitation. An additional method is provided for increasing the specificity of the technique by reprecipitating the antigen with the same or a different antibody. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Bonifacino
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David C Gershlick
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abstract
Microfluidics is assumed to be one of the leading and most promising areas of research since the early 1990s. In microfluidic systems, small spherical magnetic particles with superparamagnetic properties, called magnetic beads, play an important role in the design of innovative methods and tools, especially in bioanalysis and medical sciences. The intention of this review paper is to address main aspects from the state-of-the-art in the area of magnetic bead research, while demonstrating the broad variety of applications and the huge potential to solve fundamental biological and medical problems in the fields of diagnostics and therapy. Basic issues and demands related to the fabrication of magnetic particles and physical properties of nanosize magnets are discussed in Section 2. Of main interest are the control and adjustment of the nanoparticles' properties and the availability of adequate approaches for particle detection via their magnetic field. Section 3 presents an overview of magnetic bead applications in nanomedicine. In Section 4, practical aspects of sample manipulation and separation employing magnetic beads are described. Finally, the benefits related to the use of magnetic bead-based microfluidic systems are summarized, illustrating ongoing questions and open tasks to be solved on the way to an approaching microfluidic age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ruffert
- Center for Production Technology, Leibniz Universitaet Hannover, An der Universitaet 2, D-30823 Garbsen, Germany.
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30
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Holzinger D, Koch I, Burgard S, Ehresmann A. Directed Magnetic Particle Transport above Artificial Magnetic Domains Due to Dynamic Magnetic Potential Energy Landscape Transformation. ACS Nano 2015; 9:7323-31. [PMID: 26134922 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b02283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An approach for a remotely controllable transport of magnetic micro- and/or nanoparticles above a topographically flat exchange-bias (EB) thin film system, magnetically patterned into parallel stripe domains, is presented where the particle manipulation is achieved by sub-mT external magnetic field pulses. Superparamagnetic core-shell particles are moved stepwise by the dynamic transformation of the particles' magnetic potential energy landscape due to the external magnetic field pulses without affecting the magnetic state of the thin film system. The magnetic particle velocity is adjustable in the range of 1-100 μm/s by the design of the substrate's magnetic field landscape (MFL), the particle-substrate distance, and the magnitude of the applied external magnetic field pulses. The agglomeration of magnetic particles is avoided by the intrinsic magnetostatic repulsion of particles due to the parallel alignment of the particles' magnetic moments perpendicular to the transport direction and parallel to the surface normal of the substrate during the particle motion. The transport mechanism is modeled by a quantitative theory based on the precise knowledge of the sample's MFL and the particle-substrate distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Holzinger
- Institute of Physics and Centre for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT),University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Iris Koch
- Institute of Physics and Centre for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT),University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Stefan Burgard
- Institute of Physics and Centre for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT),University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Arno Ehresmann
- Institute of Physics and Centre for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT),University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, D-34132 Kassel, Germany
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31
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Chen Y, Xianyu Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Cha R, Sun J, Jiang X. One-step detection of pathogens and viruses: combining magnetic relaxation switching and magnetic separation. ACS Nano 2015; 9:3184-91. [PMID: 25743636 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report a sensing methodology that combines magnetic separation (MS) and magnetic relaxation switching (MS-MRS) for one-step detection of bacteria and viruses with high sensitivity and reproducibility. We first employ a magnetic field of 0.01 T to separate the magnetic beads of large size (250 nm in diameter) from those of small size (30 nm in diameter) and use the transverse relaxation time (T2) of the water molecules around the 30 nm magnetic beads (MB30) as the signal readout of the immunoassay. An MS-MRS sensor integrates target enrichment, extraction, and detection into one step, and the entire immunoassay can be completed within 30 min. Compared with a traditional MRS sensor, an MS-MRS sensor shows enhanced sensitivity, better reproducibility, and convenient operation, thus providing a promising platform for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Chen
- †Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yunlei Xianyu
- †Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu Wang
- §Beijing Institute for Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- †Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- †Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- †Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- †Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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Wu W, Chen J, Fang Z, Ge C, Xiang Z, Ouyang C, Lie P, Xiao Z, Yu L, Wang L, Zeng L. A self-assembled deoxyribonucleic acid concatemer for sensitive detection of single nucleotide polymorphism. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:235-9. [PMID: 24267087 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase-free and label-free strategies for DNA detection have shown excellent sensitivity and specificity in various biological samples. Herein, we propose a method for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection by using self-assembled DNA concatemers. Capture probes, bound to magnetic beads, can joint mediator probes by T4 DNA ligase in the presence of target DNA that is complementary to the capture probe and mediator probe. The mediator probes trigger self-assembly of two auxiliary probes on magnetic beads to form DNA concatemers. Separated by a magnetic rack, the double-stranded concatemers on beads can recruit a great amount of SYBR Green I and eventually result in amplified fluorescent signals. In comparison with reported methods for SNP detection, the concatemer-based approach has significant advantages of low background, simplicity, and ultrasensitivity, making it as a convenient platform for clinical applications. As a proof of concept, BRAF(T1799A) oncogene mutation, a SNP involved in diverse human cancers, was used as a model target. The developed approach using a fluorescent intercalator can detect as low as 0.1 fM target BRAF(T1799A) DNA, which is better than those previously published methods for SNP detection. This method is robust and can be used directly to measure the BRAF(T1799A) DNA in complex human serum with excellent recovery (94-103%). It is expected that this assay principle can be directed toward other SNP genes by simply changing the mediator probe and auxiliary probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
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33
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Skucha K, Gambini S, Liu P, Megens M, Kim J, Boser BE. Design Considerations for CMOS-Integrated Hall-Effect Magnetic Bead Detectors for Biosensor Applications. J Microelectromech Syst 2013; 22:1327-1338. [PMID: 25031503 PMCID: PMC4095826 DOI: 10.1109/jmems.2013.2259615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a design methodology for on-chip magnetic bead label detectors based on Hall-effect sensors. Signal errors caused by the label-binding process and other factors that limit the minimum detection area are quantified and adjusted to meet typical assay accuracy standards. The methodology is demonstrated by designing an 8192 element Hall sensor array, implemented in a commercial 0.18 μm CMOS process with single-mask postprocessing. The array can quantify a 1% surface coverage of 2.8 μm beads in 30 seconds with a coefficient of variation of 7.4%. This combination of accuracy and speed makes this technology a suitable detection platform for biological assays based on magnetic bead labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Skucha
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Gambini
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - P. Liu
- Microsensor Labs, Chicago, IL 60629 USA
| | - M. Megens
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Kim
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401 USA
| | - BE Boser
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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34
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Wu LY, Liu T, Hopkins MR, Davis WC, Berkman CE. Chemoaffinity capture of pre-targeted prostate cancer cells with magnetic beads. Prostate 2012; 72:1532-41. [PMID: 22488169 PMCID: PMC3410962 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate circulating tumor cells (PCTCs) in circulation are shed from either a primary tumor or metastases, which are directly responsible for most prostate cancer deaths. Quantifying exfoliated PCTCs may serve as an indicator for the clinical management of prostate cancer, isolating and removing of PCTCs could potentially reduce prostate cancer metastasis, and culturing and characterizing captured PCTCs could facilitate the development of personalized treatment options. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an established biomarker for prostate cancer being strongly expressed on prostate tumor cells associated with high-grade primary, androgen independent, and metastatic tumors. METHODS Suspensions of PSMA+ (LNCaP) cells were pre-targeted with the irreversible PSMA inhibitor biotin-PEG(12)-CTT-54 to serve as a bait to capture PSMA+ cells using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Decreasing numbers of LNCaP cells were spiked into blood to determine the cell captured efficiency, recovery and viability. RESULTS High selectivity, recovery, and viability were achieved for the capture of PSMA+ cells in both model experiments with mixtures of LNCaP cells and WBCs as well as blood samples spiked with LNCaP cells. As low as 10 cells were captured from 1 ml of blood with nearly 90% viability. More importantly, captured cells could be subsequently propagated in vitro. CONCLUSIONS This methodology for the detection, isolation, and culture of PCTCs from peripheral blood can serve as an effective tool for the detection of metastatic prostate cancer, treatment monitoring, and the development of personalized therapy based on the responsiveness of PCTCs to chemotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Y. Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Tiancheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mark R. Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - William C. Davis
- Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Clifford E. Berkman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
- Cancer Targeted Technology, Woodinville, Washington
- Correspondence to: Prof. Clifford E. Berkman, Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164-4630, Phone: (509) 335-7613, Fax: (509) 335-8867,
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Liu PP, Skucha K, Duan Y, Megens M, Kim J, Izyumin II, Gambini S, Boser B. Magnetic Relaxation Detector for Microbead Labels. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits 2012; 47:1056-1064. [PMID: 25308988 PMCID: PMC4190853 DOI: 10.1109/jssc.2012.2185339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A compact and robust magnetic label detector for biomedical assays is implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS. Detection relies on the magnetic relaxation signature of a microbead label for improved tolerance to environmental variations and relaxed dynamic range requirement, eliminating the need for baseline calibration and reference sensors. The device includes embedded electromagnets to eliminate external magnets and reduce power dissipation. Correlated double sampling combined with offset servo loops and magnetic field modulation, suppresses the detector offset to sub-μT. Single 4.5-μm magnetic beads are detected in 16 ms with a probability of error <0.1%.
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Sui W, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu H, Huang H. Proteomic profiling of nephrotic syndrome in serum using magnetic bead based sample fractionation & MALDI-TOF MS. Indian J Med Res 2012; 135:305-11. [PMID: 22561615 PMCID: PMC3361865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES At present, the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome (NS) requires a renal biopsy which is an invasive procedure. We undertook this pilot study to develop an alternative method and potential new biomarkers for diagnosis, and validated a set of well-integrated tools called ClinProt to investigate serum petidome in NS patients. METHODS The fasting blood samples from 49 patients diagnosed with NS by renal biopsy, including 17 mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), 12 minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), 10 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and 10 membranous nephropathy (MN), were collected and screened to describe their variability of the serum peptidome. The results in NS group were compared with those in 10 control healthy individuals. Specimens were purified with magnetic beads-based weak cation exchange chromatography and analyzed in a MALDI-TOF MS. RESULTS The results showed 43, 61, 45 and 19 differential peptide peaks in MsPGN, MCNS, MN and FSGS groups, respectively. A Genetic Algorithm was used to set up the classification models. Cross validation of healthy controls from MsPGN, MCNS, MN and FSGS was 96.18, 100, 98.53 and 94.12 per cent, respectively. The recognition capabilities were 100 per cent. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that proteomic analysis of serum with MALDI-TOF MS is a fast and reproducible approach, which may give an early idea of the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Sui
- Kidney Transplantation & Hemopurification Center of PLA, 181th Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area of PLA, Guilin, Guangxi Province, R.P. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, R.P. China,Reprint requests: Dr Yong Dai, Clinical Medical Research Center, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518020, R.P. China e-mail:
| | - Yue Zhang
- The Life Science College, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, R.P. China
| | - Jiejing Chen
- Kidney Transplantation & Hemopurification Center of PLA, 181th Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area of PLA, Guilin, Guangxi Province, R.P. China
| | - Huaying Liu
- The Life Science College, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, R.P. China
| | - He Huang
- Kidney Transplantation & Hemopurification Center of PLA, 181th Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area of PLA, Guilin, Guangxi Province, R.P. China
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Lien KY, Hung LY, Huang TB, Tsai YC, Lei HY, Lee GB. Rapid detection of influenza A virus infection utilizing an immuno magnetic bead-based microfluidic system. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:3900-7. [PMID: 21466957 PMCID: PMC7127465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports a new immunomagnetic bead-based microfluidic system for the rapid detection of influenza A virus infection by performing a simple two-step diagnostic process that includes a magnetic bead-based fluorescent immunoassay (FIA) and an end-point optical analysis. With the incorporation of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-conjugated immunomagnetic beads, target influenza A viral particles such as A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 can be specifically recognized and are bound onto the surface of the immunomagnetic beads from the specimen sample. This is followed by labeling the fluorescent signal onto the virus-bound magnetic complexes by specific developing mAb with R-phycoerythrin (PE). Finally, the optical intensity of the magnetic complexes can be analyzed immediately by the optical detection module. Significantly, the limit of detection (LOD) of this immunomagnetic bead-based microfluidic system for the detection of influenza A virus in a specimen sample is approximately 5×10(-4) hemagglutin units (HAU), which is 1024 times better than compared to conventional bench-top systems using flow cytometry. More importantly, the entire diagnostic protocol, from the purification of target viral particles to optical detection of the magnetic complexes, can be automatically completed within 15 min in this immunomagnetic bead-based microfluidic system, which is only 8.5% of the time required when compared to a manual protocol. As a whole, this microfluidic system may provide a powerful platform for the rapid diagnosis of influenza A virus infection and may be extended for diagnosis of other types of infectious diseases with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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Key Words
- 2d, two-dimensional
- 3d, three-dimensional
- a.u., arbitrary unit
- aids, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
- aiv, avian influenza virus
- bp, band-pass
- bsa, bovine serum albumin
- cdc, center for disease control
- cft, complement fixation test
- di, deionized
- dv, dengue virus
- dc, direct current
- dmem, dulbecco's modified eagle's medium
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ev, enterovirus
- f/p, fluorochrome per mole of protein
- fia, fluorescent immunoassay
- ha, hemagglutinin
- hau, hemagglutin unit
- hi, hemagglutination inhibition
- if, immunofluorescence
- iu, international unit
- lod, limit of detection
- lp, long-pass
- mab, monoclonal antibody
- mems, micro-electro-mechanical-systems
- na, neuraminidase
- np, nucleoprotein
- pbs, phosphate-buffered saline
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- pdms, polydimethylsiloxane
- pe, r-phycoerythrin
- pfu, plaque-forming unit
- pmt, photo-multiplier tube
- rt-pcr, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
- s, streptavidin
- sars, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- influenza virus
- magnetic bead
- fluorescent immunoassay
- microfluidics
- mems
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yi Lien
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Yu Hung
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Bin Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Che Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yao Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Kinnunen P, Sinn I, McNaughton BH, Newton DW, Burns MA, Kopelman R. Monitoring the growth and drug susceptibility of individual bacteria using asynchronous magnetic bead rotation sensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:2751-5. [PMID: 21095112 PMCID: PMC3059723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Continuous growth of individual bacteria has been previously studied by direct observation using optical imaging. However, optical microscopy studies are inherently diffraction limited and limited in the number of individual cells that can be continuously monitored. Here we report on the use of the asynchronous magnetic bead rotation (AMBR) sensor, which is not diffraction limited. The AMBR sensor allows for the measurement of nanoscale growth dynamics of individual bacterial cells, over multiple generations. This torque-based magnetic bead sensor monitors variations in drag caused by the attachment and growth of a single bacterial cell. In this manner, we observed the growth and division of individual Escherichia coli, with 80-nm sensitivity to the cell length. Over the life cycle of a cell, we observed up to a 300% increase in the rotational period of the biosensor due to increased cell volume. In addition, we observed single bacterial cell growth response to antibiotics. This work demonstrates the non-microscopy limited AMBR biosensor for monitoring individual cell growth dynamics, including cell elongation, generation time, lag time, and division, as well as their sensitivity to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paivo Kinnunen
- University of Michigan, Applied Physics Program, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
| | - Irene Sinn
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2300 Hayward St., 3074 Dow, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Brandon H. McNaughton
- University of Michigan, Applied Physics Program, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Duane W. Newton
- University of Michigan Health System, Clinical Microbiology and Virology Laboratories, 2F461 University Hospital, Box 5054; The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pathology, 1301 Catherine Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0054, USA
| | - Mark A. Burns
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2300 Hayward St., 3074 Dow, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136, USA
| | - Raoul Kopelman
- University of Michigan, Applied Physics Program, 2477 Randall Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1120, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1055, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2200 Bonisteel, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
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Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been applied to the amplification of long DNA fragments from a variety of sources, including genomic, mitochondrial, and viral DNAs (1-5). We have adapted the concept of long PCR technology to reverse-transcription (RT) PCR (6). Here, we describe the parameters critical in producing RT-PCR products of up to 20 kbp. The nature of RT-PCR requires the synthesis of a cDNA by RT prior to its amplification in the PCR reaction. Thus, we focus on the three steps of RT-PCR: the preparation and requirements of the RNA template, the reverse transcription reaction, and the amplification of the cDNA by PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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