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Luo D, Zhu XW, Zhou XP, Li D. Covalent Post-Synthetic Modification of Metal-Organic Cages: Concepts and Recent Progress. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400020. [PMID: 38293757 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are supramolecular coordination complexes that have internal cavities for hosting guest molecules and exhibiting various properties. However, the functions of MOCs are limited by the choice of the building blocks. Post-synthetic modification (PSM) is a technique that can introduce new functional groups and replace existing ones on the MOCs without changing their geometry. Among many PSM methods, covalent PSM is a promising approach to modify MOCs with tailored structures and functions. Covalent PSM can be applied to either the internal cavity or the external surface of the MOCs, depending on the functionality expected to be customized. However, there are still some challenges and limitations in the field of covalent PSM of MOCs, such as the balance between the stability of MOCs and the harshness of organic reactions involved in covalent PSMs. This concept article introduces the organic reaction types involved in covalent PSM of MOCs, their new applications after modification, and summarizes and provides an outlook of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
- Guangdong Rare Earth Photofunctional Materials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Environment, Jiaying University, Meizhou, 514015, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, P.R. China
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2
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Chafiq M, Al-Moubaraki AH, Chaouiki A, Ko YG. A Novel Coating System Based on Layered Double Hydroxide/HQS Hierarchical Structure for Reliable Protection of Mg Alloy: Electrochemical and Computational Perspectives. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1176. [PMID: 38473647 DOI: 10.3390/ma17051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Growing research activity on layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based materials for novel applications has been increasing; however, promoting LDH layer growth and examining its morphologies without resorting to extreme pressure conditions remains a challenge. In the present study, we enhance LDH growth and morphology examination without extreme pressure conditions. By synthesizing Mg-Al LDH directly on plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO)-treated Mg alloy surfaces and pores at ambient pressure, the direct synthesis was achieved feasibly without autoclave requirements, employing a suitable chelating agent. Additionally, enhancing corrosion resistance involved incorporating electron donor-acceptor compounds into a protective layer, with 8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (HQS) that helps in augmenting Mg alloy corrosion resistance through the combination of LDH ion-exchange ability and the organic layer. DFT simulations were used to explain the mutual interactions in the LDH system and provide a theoretical knowledge of the interfacial process at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chafiq
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Aisha H Al-Moubaraki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences-Alfaisaliah Campus, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelkarim Chaouiki
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gun Ko
- Materials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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3
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Liu Y, Wang WZ, Zhang ZP, Du CB, Li LL, Zhao C, Li HJ, Huang Q. Fluorescent Carbon Dioxide-Based Polycarbonates Probe for Rapid Detection of Aniline in the Environment and Its Biomarkers in Urine. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:541. [PMID: 38399918 PMCID: PMC10893230 DOI: 10.3390/polym16040541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aniline compounds, as a class of widely used but highly toxic chemical raw materials, are increasingly being released and accumulated in the environment, posing serious threats to environmental safety and human health. Therefore, developing detection methods for aniline compounds is of particular significance. Herein, we synthesized the fluorescent third monomer cyano-stilbene epoxide M and ternary copolymerized it with carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO) to synthesize carbon dioxide-based polycarbonate (PPCM) with fluorescence recognition functions, as well as excellent performance, for the first time. The results revealed that the PPCM fluorescent probe exhibited typical aggregation-induced luminescence properties and could be quenched by aniline compounds. The probe presented anti-interference-specific selectivity for aniline compounds, and the detection limit was 1.69 × 10-4 M. Moreover, it was found to be a highly sensitive aniline detection probe. At the same time, the aniline biomarker p-aminophenol in urine could also be detected, which could expand the potential applications of polymers in the fluorescence-sensing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen-Zhen Wang
- Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Green Low-Carbon Energy Materials and Processes, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China; (Y.L.); (Z.-P.Z.); (C.-B.D.); (L.-L.L.); (C.Z.); (H.-J.L.); (Q.H.)
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4
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Xi Y, Ji X, Kong F, Li T, Zhang B. Production of Lignin-Derived Functional Material for Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Absorption with an Ultralow Filler Ratio. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:201. [PMID: 38257000 PMCID: PMC10819316 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrial lignin, a by-product of pulping for papermaking fibers or of second-generation ethanol production, is primarily served as a low-grade combustible energy source. The fabrication of high-value-added functional materials with industrial lignin is still a challenge. Herein, a three-dimensional hierarchical lignin-derived porous carbon (HLPC) was prepared with lignosulfonate as the carbon source and MgCO3 as the template. The uniform mixing of precursor and template agent resulted in the construction of a three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure. HLPC presented excellent electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption performance. With a low filler content of 7 wt%, HLPC showed a minimum reflection loss (RL) value of -41.8 dB (1.7 mm, 13.8 GHz), and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.53 GHz (1.6 mm). In addition, the enhancement mechanism of HLPC for EMW absorption was also explored through comparing the morphology and electromagnetic parameters of lignin-derived carbon (LC) and lignin-derived porous carbon (LPC). The three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure endowed the carbon with a high pore volume, resulting in an abundant gas-solid interface between air and carbon for interfacial polarization. This structure also provided conductive networks for conduction loss. This work offers a strategy to synthesize biomass-based carbon for high-performance EMW absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Xi
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xingxiang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fangong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Tianjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Binpeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Yang K, Bai Y, Ma J, Sun J, Liu Y, Lang Y. Functional Gels and Chemicals Used in Oil and Gas Drilling Engineering: A Status and Prospective. Gels 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38247770 PMCID: PMC10815433 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into functional gels and chemicals and their applications represents a cutting-edge international field of study. For example, investigating how they can be applied in oil and gas drilling (and extraction engineering) and developing novel functional chemical materials for the oil field could provide innovative solutions and technological methods for oil and gas drilling and extraction operations. Through a literature analysis, this paper presents a review of the current research status and application scenarios of different types of functional gels and chemicals, both domestically and internationally. The classification and preparation principles of various functional materials are systematically outlined and the current applications of functional gels and chemicals in oil and gas drilling and extraction engineering are introduced. These applications include drilling and plugging, enhanced oil recovery, water plugging, and profile control. The formation mechanisms and application scenarios of different types of gels and chemicals are also analyzed and summarized, with a discussion of their prospects in oil and gas drilling and extraction engineering. We broaden the scope of functional gels and chemicals by exploring new application fields and promoting the development of different types of gels and chemicals in a more intelligent direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingrui Bai
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; (K.Y.); (J.M.); (J.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
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Wang Y, Douglas T. Tuning Multistep Biocatalysis through Enzyme and Cofactor Colocalization in Charged Porous Protein Macromolecular Frameworks. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:43621-43632. [PMID: 37695852 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Spatial organization of biocatalytic activities is crucial to organisms to efficiently process complex metabolism. Inspired by this mechanism, artificial scaffold structures are designed to harbor functionally coupled biocatalysts, resulting in acellular materials that can complete multistep reactions at high efficiency and low cost. Substrate channeling is an approach for efficiency enhancement of multistep reactions, but fast diffusion of small molecule intermediates poses a major challenge to achieve channeling in vitro. Here, we explore how multistep biocatalysis is affected, and can be modulated, by cofactor-enzyme colocalization within a synthetic bioinspired material. In this material, a heterogeneous protein macromolecular framework (PMF) acts as a porous host matrix for colocalization of two coupled enzymes and their small molecule cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). After formation of the PMF from a higher order assembly of P22 virus-like particles (VLPs), the enzymes were partitioned into the PMF by covalent attachment and presentation on the VLP exterior. Using a collective property of the PMF (i.e., high density of negative charges in the PMF), NAD molecules were partitioned into the framework via electrostatic interactions after being conjugated to a polycationic species. This effectively controlled the localization and diffusion of NAD, resulting in substrate channeling between the enzymes. Changing ionic strength modulates the PMF-NAD interactions, tuning two properties that impact the multistep efficiency oppositely in response to ionic strength: cofactor partitioning (colocalization with the enzymes) and cofactor mobility (translocation between the enzymes). Within the range tested, we observed a maximum of 5-fold increase or 75% decrease in multistep efficiency as compared to free enzymes in solution, which suggest both the colocalization and the mobility are critical for the multistep efficiency. This work demonstrates utility of collective behaviors, exhibited by hierarchical bioassemblies, in the construction of functional materials for enzyme cascades, which possess properties such as tunable multistep biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Zhang L, Dong C, Yuan C, Bai X. Novel Wood-Based Functional Material with Vibration and Noise Reduction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:38769-38780. [PMID: 37535833 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of typical green material, natural materials tend to exhibit excellent performance in the engineering field because of their structure and special functions. The homogeneous vessels of red willow (RW) are potentially unique structures to store lubricants or reinforcing agents to present special functions for engineering applications. A series of novel red willow wood-based composites, which were infused with nano-MoS2 and then reinforced by the epoxy, were developed. Their self-lubricating, mechanical vibration and noise reduction performances were investigated, and the friction, vibration, and noise reduction mechanisms were disclosed. The infusion MoS2 treatment was very beneficial for improving the tribological properties of MoS2-curing epoxy/red willow (MCW), and the coefficient of friction (COF) was reduced by 65.8% under water-lubricated friction after infusing 24 times. Meanwhile, the mechanical performances of MCW were obviously enhanced through the curing treatment of the epoxy. The synergistic effects of the infusion and curing treatments significantly decreased the wear phenomena on the friction surfaces of MCW and weakened the COF and its fluctuation amplitudes, which resulted in the presented excellent vibration and noise reduction performance. The knowledge gained herein could not only develop a novel wood-based composite with low COF and good vibration reduction properties in the engineering field but also provide a new methodology for the design of artificial porous materials with stable and smooth friction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhang
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Conglin Dong
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, China
| | - Chengqing Yuan
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, China
- East Lake Laboratory, Wuhan 430202, China
| | - Xiuqin Bai
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
- Reliability Engineering Institute, National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, China
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Barry SCL, Franke C, Mulaudzi T, Pokpas K, Ajayi RF. Review on Surface-Modified Electrodes for the Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1334. [PMID: 37512646 PMCID: PMC10386609 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antidepressants used for the treatment of moderate to severe depressive disorder, personality disorders and various phobias. This class of antidepressants was created with improved margins of safety. However, genetic polymorphism may be responsible for the high variability in patients' responses to treatment, ranging from failure to delayed therapeutic responses to severe adverse effects of treatment. It is crucial that the appropriate amount of SSRI drugs is administered to ensure the optimum therapeutic efficacy and intervention to minimise severe and toxic effects in patients, which may be the result of accidental and deliberate cases of poisoning. Determining SSRI concentration in human fluids and the environment with high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and at a low cost and real-time monitoring, is imperative. Electrochemical sensors with advanced functional materials have drawn the attention of researchers as a result of these advantages over conventional techniques. This review article aims to present functional materials such as polymers, carbon nanomaterials, metal nanomaterials as well as composites for surface modification of electrodes for sensitive detection and quantification of SSRIs, including fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and sertraline. Sensor fabrication, sensor/analyte interactions, design rationale and properties of functional material and the electrocatalytic effect of the modified electrode on SSRI detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C L Barry
- SensorLab Laboratories, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Candice Franke
- SensorLab Laboratories, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Takalani Mulaudzi
- Biotechnology Department, Life Sciences Building, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Keagan Pokpas
- SensorLab Laboratories, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
| | - Rachel Fanelwa Ajayi
- SensorLab Laboratories, Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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9
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Chen J, Liu B, Hu M, Shi Q, Chen J, Yang J, Wu Y. Research on Characterization of Nylon Composites Functional Material Filled with Al 2O 3 Particle. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102369. [PMID: 37242944 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study revolves around the issues raised by the current semiconductor device metal casings (mainly composed of aluminum and its alloys), such as resource and energy consumption, complexity of the production process, and environmental pollution. To address these issues, researchers have proposed an eco-friendly and high-performance alternative material-Al2O3 particle-filled nylon composite functional material. This research conducted detailed characterization and analysis of the composite material through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the Al2O3 particle-filled nylon composite material has a significantly superior thermal conductivity, about twice as high as that of pure nylon material. Meanwhile, the composite material has good thermal stability, maintaining its performance in high-temperature environments above 240 °C. This performance is attributed to the tight bonding interface between the Al2O3 particles and the nylon matrix, which not only improves the heat transfer efficiency but also significantly enhances the material's mechanical properties, with a strength of up to 53 MPa. This study is of great significance, aiming to provide a high-performance composite material that can alleviate resource consumption and environmental pollution issues, with excellent polishability, thermal conductivity, and moldability, which is expected to play a positive role in reducing resource consumption and environmental pollution problems. In terms of potential applications, Al2O3/PA6 composite material can be widely used in heat dissipation components for LED semiconductor lighting and other high-temperature heat dissipation components, thereby improving product performance and service life, reducing energy consumption and environmental burden, and laying a solid foundation for the development and application of future high-performance eco-friendly materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibing Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Maohui Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Qianyu Shi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Junsheng Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Junsheng Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Zheng X, Chen L, Wang B, Yang S, Zhou S. Fabrication and Analysis of Microcapsule Electrets with a Tunable Flexoelectric-like Response. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:17301-17308. [PMID: 36951713 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The electret has drawn considerable attention as an emerging flexible energy collector. In this work, a charged microcapsule is designed which can provide a stable storage space for electric charge in the electret. The flexoelectric-like response is achieved by embedding a layer of charged microcapsules in the middle plane of the flexible polymer to form an electret. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy verified the successful preparation of microcapsules. Zeta potential analysis showed the negative electrical properties of the microcapsules. The prepared microcapsule electret has a significant flexoelectric effect under loading conditions. This work presents a preliminary theoretical study of the microcapsule electret to optimize the output characteristics of the electret by varying the parameters, including the number of microcapsules, the size of the electret, and the external load. Good agreement was achieved with the experimental results, which verified the validity of the theoretical study. This work provides a new method for preparing electret and further promotes its application in electromechanical transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Binglei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Shengyou Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
| | - Shenjie Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China
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Faccio G, Asuri P. Editorial: Protein-Material interfaces: Fundamentals and applications volume II. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1137613. [PMID: 36733433 PMCID: PMC9887541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1137613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Greta Faccio
- Independent Researcher, St. Gallen, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Greta Faccio,
| | - Prashanth Asuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
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12
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Materzok T, Canestraight A, Gorb SN, Müller-Plathe F. How Does Gecko Keratin Stick to Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces in the Presence and Absence of Water? An Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Investigation. ACS Nano 2022; 16:19261-19270. [PMID: 36256850 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We developed a united-atom model of gecko keratin to investigate the influence of electrostatic and van der Waals contributions to gecko adhesion in scenarios representing gecko's natural habitats. The keratin model assumes that only intrinsically disordered regions directly contact the surface. Contact angles of two generic substrate surfaces that we created match those previously used in AFM experiments on gecko adhesion. Force probe molecular dynamics simulations pulling the keratin from the surface show that the pull-off force increases with increased water content and is inversely related to the water contact angle of the surface. This matches experimental trends. We investigated the number and charge density of keratin and water at the surface, confirming a water-mediating effect and are able to show that keratin folds polar groups to the hydrophilic surface. We decomposed energetic contributions during pull-off, and our computational model shows that in contrast to popular hypotheses, long-range electrostatic interactions determine much of the pull-off process. The contribution of electrostatics to adhesion may be in the order of the van der Waals contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Materzok
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Profile Area Thermofluids and Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Annabelle Canestraight
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, 3357 Engrg II UCSB, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Zoological Institute Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie and Profile Area Thermofluids and Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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13
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Ravaro LP, Arai MS, Maia LJQ, Reza Dousti M, Santiago PHDO, Ellena J, de Camargo ASS. Multifunctional Platform Based on a Copper(I) Complex and NaYF 4:Tm 3+,Yb 3+ Upconverting Nanoparticles Immobilized into a Polystyrene Matrix: Downshifting and Upconversion Oxygen Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:47902-47912. [PMID: 36254393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an innovative approach to obtain a multifunctional hybrid material operating via combined anti-Stokes (upconversion) and Stokes (downshifting) emissions for oxygen gas sensing and related functionalities. The material is based on a Cu(I) complex exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission (TADF) and infrared-to-visible upconverting Tm3+/Yb3+-doped NaYF4 nanoparticles supported in a polystyrene (PS) matrix. Excitation of the hybrid material at 980 nm leads to efficient transfer of Tm3+ emission in the ultraviolet/blue region to the Cu(I) complex and consequently intense green emission (560 nm) of the latter. Additionally, the green emission of the complex can also be directly generated with excitation at 360 nm. Independently of the excitation wavelength, the emission intensity is efficiently suppressed by the presence of molecular oxygen and the quenching rate is properly characterized by the Stern-Volmer plots. The results indicate that the biocompatible hybrid material can be applied as an efficient O2 sensor operating via near-infrared or ultraviolet excitation, unlike most optical oxygen sensors currently available which only work in downshifting mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro P Ravaro
- Graduate Program on Physics Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 54518-430 Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marylyn S Arai
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauro J Q Maia
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - M Reza Dousti
- Graduate Program on Physics Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, 54518-430 Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Javier Ellena
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea S S de Camargo
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Shi X, Bobrin VA, Yao Y, Zhang J, Corrigan N, Boyer C. Designing Nanostructured 3D Printed Materials by Controlling Macromolecular Architecture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206272. [PMID: 35732587 PMCID: PMC9544629 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured polymeric materials play important roles in many advanced applications, however, controlling the morphologies of polymeric thermosets remains a challenge. This work uses multi-arm macroCTAs to mediate polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) and prepare nanostructured materials via photoinduced 3D printing. The characteristic length scale of microphase-separated domains is determined by the macroCTA arm length, while nanoscale morphologies are controlled by the macroCTA architecture. Specifically, using 2- and 4- arm macroCTAs provides materials with different morphologies compared to analogous monofunctional linear macroCTAs at similar compositions. The mechanical properties of these nanostructured thermosets can also be tuned while maintaining the desired morphologies. Using multi-arm macroCTAs can thus broaden the scope of accessible nanostructures for extended applications, including the fabrication of actuators and potential drug delivery devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Shi
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Valentin A. Bobrin
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Yin Yao
- Electron Microscope UnitMark Wainwright Analytical CentreUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Nathaniel Corrigan
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanomedicineSchool of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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15
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Cao M, Wang J, Yuen MMF, Yan D. Realization of Multifunctional Metamaterial Structure Based on the Combination of Vanadium Dioxide and Graphene. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:2883. [PMID: 36014748 PMCID: PMC9413590 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combining tunable properties and various functionalities into a single metamaterial structure has become a novel research hotspot and can be used to tackle great challenges. The multifunctional metamaterial structure that combines absorption, linear-to-circular (LTC) polarization conversion, filtering and switching functions into a single metamaterial device was designed and investigated in this study. The switching of different functions can be achieved based on the phase transition of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and change of graphene chemical potential. When VO2 is in a metal state, the multi-frequency absorption and LTC polarization conversion can be achieved with different chemical potentials. When VO2 is in the insulator state and the polarization angle of incident wave is 45°, the device can be used to select or isolate the incident waves with different polarization states in the frequency region of 1.2-1.8 THz. Furthermore, when the chemical potentials are 0.05 eV and 1.2 eV, the corresponding transmissions of the TE-polarized wave demonstrate the opposite results, realizing the switching functions in the frequency region of 0.88-1.34 THz. In the frequency region above 2 THz, the multi-frequency rejection filter can be achieved. The designed switchable multifunctional metamaterial device can be widely implemented in radar monitoring and communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Cao
- Department of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- Department of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Matthew M. F. Yuen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dexian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Wave Information Technology and Metrology of Zhejiang Province, College of Information Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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16
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Abdullah, Liu L, Javed HU, Xiao J. Engineering Emulsion Gels as Functional Colloids Emphasizing Food Applications: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:890188. [PMID: 35656162 PMCID: PMC9152362 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.890188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gels are functional materials with well-defined structures (three-dimensional networks) assembled from the dispersed colloids, and capable of containing a large amount of water, oil, or air (by replacing the liquid within the gel pores), known as a hydrogel, oleogel, and aerogel, respectively. An emulsion gel is a gelled matrix filled with emulsion dispersion in which at least one phase, either continuous phase or dispersed phase forms spatial networks leading to the formation of a semisolid texture. Recently, the interest in the application of gels as functional colloids has attracted great attention in the food industry due to their tunable morphology and microstructure, promising physicochemical, mechanical, and functional properties, and superior stability, as well as controlled release, features for the encapsulated bioactive compounds. This article covers recent research progress on functional colloids (emulsion gels), including their fabrication, classification (protein-, polysaccharide-, and mixed emulsion gels), and properties specifically those related to the gel-body interactions (texture perception, digestion, and absorption), and industrial applications. The emerging applications, including encapsulation and controlled release, texture design and modification, fat replacement, and probiotics delivery are summarized. A summary of future perspectives to promote emulsion gels' use as functional colloids and delivery systems for scouting potential new applications in the food industry is also proposed. Emulsion gels are promising colloids being used to tailor breakdown behavior and sensory perception of food, as well as for the processing, transportation, and targeted release of food additives, functional ingredients, and bioactive substances with flexibility in designing structural and functional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hafiz Umer Javed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Food Active Substances, College of Food Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Zeng X, Wu Y, Han S, Liu Y, Xiu H, Tian F, Ren L. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations into a Crawling Robot Propelled by Piezoelectric Material. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:1577. [PMID: 34945427 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Conventional motors with complicated electromagnetic structures are difficult to miniaturise for millimetre- and centimetre-sized robots. Instead, small-scale robots are actuated using a variety of functional materials. We proposed a novel robot propelled by a piezoelectric ceramic in this work. The robot advances due to the asymmetric friction created by the spikes on the surface. The structural modelling was completed, static and dynamic models were established to predict the moving characteristics, the prototype was built using three dimensional (3D) printing technology, and the models were evaluated via experiments. Compared with conventional inchworm-type robots, the proposed robot is superior in simple structure because the clamping components are replaced by spikes with asymmetric friction. Compared with SMA (shape memory alloy) actuating inchworm-type robots, it has a faster velocity with higher resolution. Meanwhile, the components are printed through an additive manufacturing process that is convenient and avoids assembly errors. This design could make contributions to many areas, such as pipe inspection, earthquake rescue, and medicine delivery.
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18
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Beluns S, Platnieks O, Gaidukovs S, Starkova O, Sabalina A, Grase L, Thakur VK, Gaidukova G. Lignin and Xylan as Interface Engineering Additives for Improved Environmental Durability of Sustainable Cellulose Nanopapers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312939. [PMID: 34884744 PMCID: PMC8657447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose materials and products are frequently affected by environmental factors such as light, temperature, and humidity. Simulated UV irradiation, heat, and moisture exposure were comprehensively used to characterize changes in cellulose nanopaper (NP) tensile properties. For the preparation of NP, high-purity cellulose from old, unused filter paper waste was used. Lignin and xylan were used as sustainable green interface engineering modifiers for NP due to their structural compatibility, low price, nontoxic nature, and abundance as a by-product of biomass processing, as well as their ability to protect cellulose fibers from UV irradiation. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) suspension was obtained by microfluidizing cellulose suspension, and NP was produced by casting films from water suspensions. The use of filler from 1 to 30 wt% significantly altered NP properties. All nanopapers were tested for their sensitivity to water humidity, which reduced mechanical properties from 10 to 40% depending on the saturation level. Xylan addition showed a significant increase in the specific elastic modulus and specific strength by 1.4- and 2.8-fold, respectively. Xylan-containing NPs had remarkable resistance to UV irradiation, retaining 50 to 90% of their initial properties. Lignin-modified NPs resulted in a decreased mechanical performance due to the particle structure of the filler and the agglomeration process, but it was compensated by good property retention and enhanced elongation. The UV oxidation process of the NP interface was studied with UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, which showed that the degradation of lignin and xylan preserves a cellulose fiber structure. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed the structural formation of the interface and supplemented understanding of UV aging impact on the surface and penetration depth in the cross-section. The ability to overcome premature aging in environmental factors can significantly benefit the wide adaption of NP in food packaging and functional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergejs Beluns
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (V.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Oskars Platnieks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (V.K.T.)
| | - Sergejs Gaidukovs
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (V.K.T.)
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Olesja Starkova
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Alisa Sabalina
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Liga Grase
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Materials and Surface Engineering, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Polymer Materials, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia; (O.P.); (V.K.T.)
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gerda Gaidukova
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena 3/7, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia;
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Jung YA, Lee JY, Lee P, Shin HS, Kim JE. Inhibition of Solar UV-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 Expression by Non-Enzymatic Softening Cherry Blossom ( Prunus yedoensis) Extract. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:1016. [PMID: 34069655 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cherry blossom (Prunus yedoensis) petals are used as ingredients in many cosmetics. However, despite their use in numerous products, the exact function of cherry blossom petals in cosmetics is unclear. Therefore, we need evidence-based studies to support the labeling claims that are made in cherry blossom products in the cosmetics industry. We investigated the skin anti-aging potential of non-enzymatic softening cherry blossom extract (NES-CBE) in this study. The extract desalinated, to improve its quality such that it can be used as a functional material for the skin. The anti-wrinkle effect of NES-CBE was investigated on human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) under solar UV (sUV) light exposure. We found that NES-CBE reduced the sUV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression and modulated the transactivation of the activator protein (AP)-1. Furthermore, NES-CBE suppressed the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK proteins, indicating its regulation of sUV-induced MAPK signaling. Additionally, we observed NES-CBE reduced MMP-1 protein expression in a human skin equivalent model. Taken together, these results suggest that NES-CBE reduces sUV-induced MMP-1 protein expression through reducing AP-1 transactivation via regulation of the MEK1/2-ERK pathway.
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Abstract
Discrete molecular soft cages integrate multiple functionalities in one molecule. They express their functions from the confined space in their cavity, functional groups in the cavity interior wall and exterior wall, and the chelating nodes in many chelating cages. Such functional integrity render cage molecules special applications in material engineering. Increasing applications of cage molecules in material design have been reported in recent years. Compared with other cavity-rich molecular structures such as metal-organic framework (MOF) or covalent organic frameworks (COF), discrete soft cages present the unique advantage of material design flexibility, that they can easily composite with nanoparticles or polymers and exist in materials of various forms. We document the development of cage-based materials in recent years and expect to further inspire materials engineering to integrate contribution from the functionality specificity of cage molecules and ultimately promote the development of functional materials and thus human life qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Qi An
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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21
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Bayraktar O, Galanakis CM, Aldawoud TMS, Ibrahim SA, Köse MD, Uslu ME. Utilization of Eggshell Membrane and Olive Leaf Extract for the Preparation of Functional Materials. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040806. [PMID: 33918539 PMCID: PMC8069921 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural proteinaceous by-product of the food industry, especially in the pasteurized egg industry, resulting in the availability of much discarded egg waste. In the literature, eggshell (ES) and ESM usage for their adsorbent properties to remove various organic and inorganic hazardous chemicals, especially from wastewater, has gained interest. In addition, agricultural (olive leaf) and food industry (eggshell and eggshell membrane) waste can together be valorized to produce value-added functional products. This study’s objective was to evaluate the eggshell membrane’s loading capacity for bioactive compounds obtained from olive leaf extract (OLE) in order to prepare functional biomaterial. In this study, waste eggshell membranes were used to adsorb the phenolic compounds from olive leaf extract to design functional biomaterials. Using the foam separation method, both separation of the eggshell membrane and adsorption of bioactive compounds to the eggshell membrane were achieved simultaneously. The characterization studies showed that OLE was successfully adsorbed to the eggshell membrane. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial studies showed that prepared OLE-loaded membranes were functional materials with bioactive properties. In conclusion, ESM was determined as a promising protein in the production of functional antioxidative and antimicrobial food or dietary supplement after the adsorption of bioactive olive leaf polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oguz Bayraktar
- Department of Bioengineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-311-5821; Fax: +90-232-388-7776
| | - Charis M. Galanakis
- Research & Innovation Department, Galanakis Laboratories, 73131 Chania, Greece;
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Turki M. S. Aldawoud
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salam A. Ibrahim
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA;
| | - Merve Deniz Köse
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Emin Uslu
- Department of Bioengineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Turkey;
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22
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Xu X, Cölfen H. Ultracentrifugation Techniques for the Ordering of Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11020333. [PMID: 33513966 PMCID: PMC7912273 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A centrifugal field can provide an external force for the ordering of nanoparticles. Especially with the knowledge from in-situ characterization by analytical (ultra)centrifugation, nanoparticle ordering can be rationally realized in preparative (ultra)centrifugation. This review summarizes the work back to the 1990s, where intuitive use of centrifugation was achieved for the fabrication of colloidal crystals to the very recent work where analytical (ultra)centrifugation is employed to tailor-make concentration gradients for advanced materials. This review is divided into three main parts. In the introduction part, the history of ordering microbeads in gravity is discussed and with the size of particles reduced to nanometers, a centrifugal field is necessary. In the next part, the research on the ordering of nanoparticles in analytical and preparative centrifugation in recent decades is described. In the last part, the applications of the functional materials, fabricated from centrifugation-induced nanoparticle superstructures are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Xu
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, Box 714, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Saqib M, Ali Khan S, Mutee Ur Rehman HM, Yang Y, Kim S, Rehman MM, Young Kim W. High-Performance Humidity Sensor Based on the Graphene Flower/Zinc Oxide Composite. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11010242. [PMID: 33477616 PMCID: PMC7831307 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Performance of an electronic device relies heavily on the availability of a suitable functional material. One of the simple, easy, and cost-effective ways to obtain novel functional materials with improved properties for desired applications is to make composites of selected materials. In this work, a novel composite of transparent n-type zinc oxide (ZnO) with a wide bandgap and a unique structure of graphene in the form of a graphene flower (GrF) is synthesized and used as the functional layer of a humidity sensor. The (GrF/ZnO) composite was synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. Morphological, elemental, and structural characterizations of GrF/ZnO composite were performed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and an x-ray diffractometer (XRD), respectively, to fully understand the properties of this newly synthesized functional material. The proposed humidity sensor was tested in the relative humidity (RH) range of 15% RH% to 86% RH%. The demonstrated sensor illustrated a highly sensitive response to humidity with an average current change of 7.77 μA/RH%. Other prominent characteristics shown by this device include but were not limited to high stability, repeatable results, fast response, and quick recovery time. The proposed humidity sensor was highly sensitive to human breathing, thus making it a promising candidate for various applications related to health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Shenawar Ali Khan
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Hafiz Mohammad Mutee Ur Rehman
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Yunsook Yang
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Seongwan Kim
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Muhammad Muqeet Rehman
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
| | - Woo Young Kim
- Faculty of Applied Energy System, Major of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea; (M.S.); (S.A.K.); (H.M.M.U.R.); (Y.Y.); (S.K.); or (M.M.R.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Correspondence:
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24
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Wang B, Yang G, Chen J, Fang G. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles Using Lignin Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10091869. [PMID: 32961968 PMCID: PMC7558301 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have attracted enormous attention due to their special properties. The green synthesis of Au NPs from lignin would inspire the utilization of lignin and its related functional materials. In this study, a rapid preparation process of Au NPs was investigated by utilizing lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) under room temperature without chemical addition. The LNPs acted as a reducing agent, stabilizing agent, and template for the preparation of LNPs@AuNPs. The obtained LNPs@AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The possible mechanism was illustrated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), 31P, XPS, and UV analyses. The abundant hydroxyl groups (24.96 mmol/g) favored the preparation of Au NPs. Au NPs diameters of 10–30 nm were well dispersed in the LNPs. The optimal reaction conditions were a ratio of 10 mg of LNPs to 0.05 mmol HAuCl4, room temperature, and a reaction time of 30 min. The LNPs@AuNPs exhibited excellent stability in the suspension for more than seven days. The reduction process could be related to the disruption of side chains of lignin, hydroxyl group oxidation, and hydroquinones and quinones from the comproportionation reaction. The LNPs@AuNPs would open a door for the design of Au NP/lignin-derived novel functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (B.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Guihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (B.W.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (G.F.)
| | - Jiachuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China; (B.W.); (J.C.)
| | - Guigan Fang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (G.F.)
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25
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Lai W, Wang Y, He J. Effects of Carbonyl Iron Powder (CIP) Content on the Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Mechanical Properties of CIP/ABS Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1694. [PMID: 32751199 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has proven to be a convenient and effective method to fabricate structural electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers with tunable EMW absorption properties. To obtain a functional material with strong EMW absorbing performance and excellent mechanical properties for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology, in this work, carbonyl iron powder (CIP)/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) composites with different CIP contents were prepared by the melt-mixing process. The effects of the CIP content on the EMW absorption and mechanical properties of CIP/ABS composites were investigated. The CIP/ABS composite with a CIP content of 40 wt.% presented the lowest reflection loss (RL) of -48.71 dB for the optimal impedance matching. In addition, this composite exhibited optimal mechanical properties due to the good dispersion of the CIPs in the matrix ABS. Not only were the tensile and flexural strength similar to pure ABS, but the tensile and flexural modulus were 32% and 37% higher than those of pure ABS, respectively. With a CIP content of 40 wt.%, the CIP/ABS composite proved to be a novel functional material with excellent EMW absorbing and mechanical properties, providing great potential for the development of structural absorbers via FDM 3D printing technology.
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Sticker D, Rothbauer M, Ehgartner J, Steininger C, Liske O, Liska R, Neuhaus W, Mayr T, Haraldsson T, Kutter JP, Ertl P. Oxygen Management at the Microscale: A Functional Biochip Material with Long-Lasting and Tunable Oxygen Scavenging Properties for Cell Culture Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:9730-9739. [PMID: 30747515 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, and its partial pressure determines cellular function and fate. Consequently, the ability to control oxygen tension is a critical parameter for recreating physiologically relevant in vitro culture conditions for mammalian cells and microorganisms. Despite its importance, most microdevices and organ-on-a-chip systems to date overlook oxygen gradient parameters because controlling oxygen often requires bulky and expensive external instrumental setups. To overcome this limitation, we have adapted an off-stoichiometric thiol-ene-epoxy polymer to efficiently remove dissolved oxygen to below 1 hPa and also integrated this modified polymer into a functional biochip material. The relevance of using an oxygen scavenging material in microfluidics is that it makes it feasible to readily control oxygen depletion rates inside the biochip by simply changing the surface-to-volume aspect ratio of the microfluidic channel network as well as by changing the temperature and curing times during the fabrication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drago Sticker
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mario Rothbauer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Josef Ehgartner
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | | | - Olga Liske
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH , Muthgasse 11 , 1190 Vienna , Austria
| | - Torsten Mayr
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Tommy Haraldsson
- Micro and Nanosystems , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Brinellvägen 8 , 114 28 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jörg P Kutter
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Ertl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Vienna University of Technology , Getreidemarkt 9 , 1060 Vienna , Austria
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Zheng X, Ding X, Guan J, Gu Y, Su Z, Zhao Y, Tu Y, Li X, Li Y, Li J. Ionic Liquid-Grafted Polyamide 6 by Radiation-Induced Grafting: New Strategy To Prepare Covalently Bonded Ion-Containing Polymers and their Application as Functional Fibers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:5462-5475. [PMID: 30640429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion-containing polymers are of great importance for its unique structure and properties. An ion-containing polyamide 6 (PA6) was prepared by grafting an ionic liquid, 1-vinyl-3-butyl imidazole chloride [VBIM][Cl], onto the main chain of PA6 using radiation-induced grafting. The grafted ions on the PA6 main chain significantly influenced the structure and properties of the PA6 matrix. The ions form nanoscale aggregations without inducing further microphase separation. Acting as a physical "cross-linking point," each aggregation enhanced inter/intrachain interactions, which increased the viscosity, storage modulus, and relaxation time and reduced the ability of PA6 to crystallize. However, the bulky cations of the grafted ionic liquid can also be seen as "spacers," which enlarge the distance among chains and reduce the strength of the hydrogen bonds inherently existing in the PA6 matrix. The "cross-linking points" and "spacers" of ions as well as the hydrogen bonds of PA6 take effect collectively in the system. Moreover, the ion-containing PA6 retains good melt processability compared with PA6, despite increased viscosity, and can be easily melt-spun into fibers. Fibers prepared from ion-containing PA6 showed improved mechanical properties and antistatic performance and exhibited the expected antibacterial properties, especially with regard to Escherichia coli. Inspiringly, covalently bonding ions to the PA6 main chain offers a new strategy for fabricating functional fibers with permanent antistatic and antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. , Hangzhou 310036 , People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence on TMSR Energy System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2019, Jialuo Rd. , Shanghai 201800 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Ding
- CAS Center for Excellence on TMSR Energy System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2019, Jialuo Rd. , Shanghai 201800 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jipeng Guan
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. , Hangzhou 310036 , People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence on TMSR Energy System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2019, Jialuo Rd. , Shanghai 201800 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gu
- CAS Center for Excellence on TMSR Energy System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2019, Jialuo Rd. , Shanghai 201800 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkang Su
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. , Hangzhou 310036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yingfeng Tu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yongjin Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hangzhou Normal University , No. 2318 Yuhangtang Rd. , Hangzhou 310036 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingye Li
- CAS Center for Excellence on TMSR Energy System, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 2019, Jialuo Rd. , Shanghai 201800 , People's Republic of China
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Hosono H, Tanabe K, Takayama-Muromachi E, Kageyama H, Yamanaka S, Kumakura H, Nohara M, Hiramatsu H, Fujitsu S. Exploration of new superconductors and functional materials, and fabrication of superconducting tapes and wires of iron pnictides. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2015; 16:033503. [PMID: 27877784 PMCID: PMC5099821 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/16/3/033503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This review shows the highlights of a 4-year-long research project supported by the Japanese Government to explore new superconducting materials and relevant functional materials. The project found several tens of new superconductors by examining ∼1000 materials, each of which was chosen by Japanese experts with a background in solid state chemistry. This review summarizes the major achievements of the project in newly found superconducting materials, and the fabrication wires and tapes of iron-based superconductors; it incorporates a list of ∼700 unsuccessful materials examined for superconductivity in the project. In addition, described are new functional materials and functionalities discovered during the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hosono
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tanabe
- Superconductivity Research Laboratory, International Superconductivity Technology Center (ISTEC), 2-11-19 Minowa-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-0051, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kageyama
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kumakura
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Minoru Nohara
- Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hiramatsu
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Satoru Fujitsu
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Zhu J, Xiao P, Li H, Carabineiro SAC. Graphitic carbon nitride: synthesis, properties, and applications in catalysis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:16449-65. [PMID: 25215903 DOI: 10.1021/am502925j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride, g-C3N4, is a polymeric material consisting of C, N, and some impurity H, connected via tris-triazine-based patterns. Compared with the majority of carbon materials, it has electron-rich properties, basic surface functionalities and H-bonding motifs due to the presence of N and H atoms. It is thus regarded as a potential candidate to complement carbon in material applications. In this review, a brief introduction to g-C3N4 is given, the methods used for synthesizing this material with different textural structures and surface morphologies are described, and its physicochemical properties are referred. In addition, four aspects of the applications of g-C3N4 in catalysis are discussed: (1) as a base metal-free catalyst for NO decomposition, (2) as a reference material in differentiating oxygen activation sites for oxidation reactions over supported catalysts, (3) as a functional material to synthesize nanosized metal particles, and (4) as a metal-free catalyst for photocatalysis. The reasons for the use of g-C3N4 for such applications are also given, and we expect that this paper will inspire readers to search for further new applications for this material in catalysis and in other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science of the State Ethnic Affairs & Commission Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074, China
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30
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Mohite BV, Patil SV. A novel biomaterial: bacterial cellulose and its new era applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:101-10. [PMID: 24033726 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising natural polymer that is produced by bacteria and that has unique and desirable structural, physical, and chemical properties. From the time when the remarkable properties of BC were found 15 years ago compared with plant cellulose, interest has grown in BC and it has become an article of trade in diverse applications. Following this trend, this paper reviews the progress of relevant studies, including general information about cellulose, production by microorganisms as well as BC cultivation, and its properties. The applications reviewed in the present article comprise biological and nonbiological fields. The latest use of BC in the biomedical, environmental, agricultural, electronic, food, and industrial fields is discussed with its applications in composite form. The present article attempts to amass the assorted uses of BC under one umbrella. Thus, recent advances in BC applications in different fields are thoroughly reviewed. This article concludes with the need for future research of BC to make it commercialized as vital biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna V Mohite
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalagoan, MS, India
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Nykänen A, Rahikkala A, Hirvonen SP, Aseyev V, Tenhu H, Mezzenga R, Raula J, Kauppinen E, Ruokolainen J. Thermally sensitive block copolymer particles prepared via aerosol flow reactor method: Morphological characterization and behavior in water. Macromolecules 2012; 45:8401-8411. [PMID: 23150721 PMCID: PMC3494880 DOI: 10.1021/ma301687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This work describes properties of thermo-sensitive submicron sized particles having the same chemical composition but different morphologies. These particles have been prepared with an aerosol technique using dimethylformamide solutions of linear polystyrene-block-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-block-polystyrene, PS-b-PNIPAM-b-PS. The particles were characterized by cryo-electron microscopy, microcalorimetry, and light scattering. Block-copolymers self-assembled within the particles forming onion-like, gyroid-like, and spherical morphologies having poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) matrix and physically cross-linking polystyrene domains. The particles were dispersed in aqueous media and their behavior in water was studied both below and above the lower critical solution temperature of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). We found out that the particles with spherical and gyroid-like morphologies swell considerably in water at 20 °C, whereas at 40 °C the particles resemble more of those studied without water treatment. Light scattering experiments showed that the particles gradually aggregate and precipitate with time at 40 °C. Microcalorimetric studies revealed for all three studied morphologies that PNIPAM undergoes a two-step transition due to the different hydration levels of PNIPAM inside and outside the particles. Thicknesses of the PS and PNIPAM layers within the onion-like particles were analyzed using the TEM micrographs by fitting a model of electron density to the integrated electron intensity data. The surface layer of the particles was found out to be PNIPAM, which was supported by light scattering and microcalorimetry. It was also found out from the TEM micrograph analysis that the width of the outmost PS layer is considerably thinner than the one in the dry state prior to immersion in water, and a degradation scheme is proposed to explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Nykänen
- Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Antti Rahikkala
- Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Sami-Pekka Hirvonen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH-Zürich Laboratory of Food and Soft Materials, IFNH FSM Group, LFO E23, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Janne Raula
- Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko Kauppinen
- Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Aalto University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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