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Salminen L, Karjalainen E, Aseyev V, Tenhu H. Corrigendum: Tough materials through ionic interactions. Front Chem 2023; 11:1241556. [PMID: 37469927 PMCID: PMC10352096 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1241556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.721656.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Siirilä J, Tenhu H. Soft Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) Based Aqueous Particles. Acta Chim Slov 2022; 69:251-260. [PMID: 35861067 DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2022.7430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft nanoparticles are an important class of material with potential to be used as carriers of active compounds. Swollen, penetrable particles can act as a host for the active ingredients and provide stability, stimuli-responsiveness and recyclability for the guest. Thermoresponsive colloidal gel particles are especially attractive for such applications due to the extremely soft structure, size and responsiveness. Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) is a much studied, popular thermoresponsive polymer. The polymer has low toxicity and the phase transition temperature is close to body temperature. During the phase transition, the polymer becomes less soluble, the particle expels a large part of water and the particle collapses to a more compact form. The diffusion of material in and from the particles is largely affected by this transition. As the solubility of the polymer changes, so do the interactions with the loaded compound. This feature article focuses on the synthetic methods, properties and applications of soft PNVCL particles.
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3
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Tiainen T, Mannisto JK, Tenhu H, Hietala S. CO 2 Capture and Low-Temperature Release by Poly(aminoethyl methacrylate) and Derivatives. Langmuir 2022; 38:5197-5208. [PMID: 34879650 PMCID: PMC9069862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(aminoethyl methacrylate) (PAEMA), poly(ethylene oxide)-block-(aminoethyl methacrylate) (PEO-PAEMA), and their guanidinylated derivates, poly(guanidine ethyl methacrylate) (PGEMA) and poly(ethylene oxide)-block-(guanidine ethyl methacrylate) (PEO-PGEMA), were prepared to study their capabilities for CO2 adsorption and release. The polymers of different forms or degree of guanidinylation were thoroughly characterized, and their interaction with CO2 was studied by NMR and calorimetry. The extent and kinetics of adsorption and desorption of N2 and CO2 were investigated by thermogravimetry under controlled gas atmospheres. The materials did not adsorb N2, whereas CO2 could be reversibly adsorbed at room temperature and released by an elevated temperature. The most promising polymer was PGEMA with a guanidinylation degree of 7% showing a CO2 adsorption capacity of 2.4 mmol/g at room temperature and a desorption temperature of 72 °C. The study also revealed relations between the polymer chemical composition and CO2 adsorption and release characteristics that are useful in future formulations for CO2 adsorbent polymer materials.
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4
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Salminen L, Karjalainen E, Aseyev V, Tenhu H. Phase Separation of Aqueous Poly(diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate) upon Heating. Langmuir 2022; 38:5135-5148. [PMID: 34752116 PMCID: PMC9069861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly(diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDPA) is a pH- and thermally responsive water-soluble polymer. This study deepens the understanding of its phase separation behavior upon heating. Phase separation upon heating was investigated in salt solutions of varying pH and ionic strength. The effect of the counterion on the phase transition upon heating is clearly demonstrated for chloride-, phosphate-, and citrate-anions. Phase separation did not occur in pure water. The buffer solutions exhibited similar cloud points, but phase separation occurred in different pH ranges and with different mechanisms. The solution behavior of a block copolymer comprising poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and PDPA was investigated. Since the PDMAEMA and PDPA blocks phase separate within different pH- and temperature ranges, the block copolymer forms micelle-like structures at high temperature or pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salminen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio
1, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio
1, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio
1, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
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5
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Kenawy ER, Tenhu H, Khattab SA, Eldeeb AA, Azaam MM. Highly efficient adsorbent material for removal of methylene blue dye based on functionalized polyacrylonitrile. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Holding AJ, Xia J, Hummel M, Zwiers H, Leskinen M, Rico Del Cerro D, Hietala S, Nieger M, Kemell M, Helminen JKJ, Aseyev V, Tenhu H, Kilpeläinen I, King AWT. Thermo-reversible cellulose micro phase-separation in mixtures of methyltributylphosphonium acetate and γ-valerolactone or DMSO. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202100635. [PMID: 35130371 PMCID: PMC9303658 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have identified cellulose solvents, comprised of binary mixtures of molecular solvents and ionic liquids that rapidly dissolve cellulose to high concentration and show upper‐critical solution temperature (UCST)‐like thermodynamic behaviour ‐ upon cooling and micro phase‐separation to roughly spherical microparticle particle‐gel mixtures. This is a result of an entropy‐dominant process, controllable by changing temperature, with an overall exothermic regeneration step. However, the initial dissolution of cellulose in this system, from the majority cellulose I allomorph upon increasing temperature, is also exothermic. The mixtures essentially act as ‘thermo‐switchable’ gels. Upon initial dissolution and cooling, micro‐scaled spherical particles are formed, the formation onset and size of which are dependent on the presence of traces of water. Wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and 13C cross‐polarisation magic‐angle spinning (CP‐MAS) NMR spectroscopy have identified that the cellulose micro phase‐separates with no remaining cellulose I allomorph and eventually forms a proportion of the cellulose II allomorph after water washing and drying. The rheological properties of these solutions demonstrate the possibility of a new type of cellulose processing, whereby morphology can be influenced by changing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingwen Xia
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | - Michael Hummel
- Aalto University School of Chemical Technology: Aalto-yliopisto Kemian tekniikan korkeakoulu, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, FINLAND
| | - Harry Zwiers
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | - Matti Leskinen
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | | | - Sami Hietala
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | - Marianna Kemell
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | | | - Vladimir Aseyev
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- University of Helsinki: Helsingin Yliopisto, Chemistry, FINLAND
| | | | - Alistair W T King
- Helsingin Yliopisto, Department of Chemistry, A I Virtasen Aukio 1, PO Box 55, 00560, Helsinki, FINLAND
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7
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Tenhu H, Baddam V, Välinen L, Kuckling L. Morphological transitions of cationic PISA particles by salt, triflate ions and temperature; comparison of three polycations. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00301e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three strong polycation stabilizers, poly((vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride), PVBTMAC, poly((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammonium chloride), PMOTAC, and poly((3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride), PAMPTMAC have been synthesized with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer, RAFT, reactions. Solubilities of the polycations...
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8
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Salminen L, Karjalainen E, Aseyev V, Tenhu H. Tough Materials Through Ionic Interactions. Front Chem 2021; 9:721656. [PMID: 34386483 PMCID: PMC8354582 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.721656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This article introduces butyl acrylate-based materials that are toughened with dynamic crosslinkers. These dynamic crosslinkers are salts where both the anion and cation polymerize. The ion pairs between the polymerized anions and cations form dynamic crosslinks that break and reform under deformation. Chemical crosslinker was used to bring shape stability. The extent of dynamic and chemical crosslinking was related to the mechanical and thermal properties of the materials. Furthermore, the dependence of the material properties on different dynamic crosslinkers—tributyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C4ASA) and trihexyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium sulfopropyl acrylate (C6ASA)—was studied. The materials’ mechanical and thermal properties were characterized by means of tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The dynamic crosslinks strengthened the materials considerably. Chemical crosslinks decreased the elasticity of the materials but did not significantly affect their strength. Comparison of the two ionic crosslinkers revealed that changing the crosslinker from C4ASA to C6ASA results in more elastic, but slightly weaker materials. In conclusion, dynamic crosslinks provide substantial enhancement of mechanical properties of the materials. This is a unique approach that is utilizable for a wide variety of polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Salminen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Baddam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lauri Välinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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10
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Yang D, Eronen H, Tenhu H, Hietala S. Phase Transition Behavior and Catalytic Activity of Poly( N-acryloylglycinamide- co-methacrylic acid) Microgels. Langmuir 2021; 37:2639-2648. [PMID: 33594889 PMCID: PMC8026100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide) is a well-known thermoresponsive polymer possessing an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) in water. By copolymerizing N-acryloyl glycinamide (NAGA) with methacrylic acid (MAA) in the presence of a crosslinker, poly(N-acryloyl glycinamide-co-methacrylic acid) [P(NAGA-MAA)] copolymer microgels with an MAA molar fraction of 10-70 mol % were obtained. The polymerization kinetics suggests that the copolymer microgels have a random structure. The size of the microgels was between 60 and 120 nm in the non-aggregated swollen state in aqueous medium and depending on the solvent conditions, they show reversible swelling and shrinking upon temperature change. Their phase transition behavior was studied by a combination of methods to understand the process of the UCST-type behavior and interactions between NAGA and MAA. P(NAGA-MAA) microgels were loaded with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the reduction of AgNO3 under UV light. Compared with the chemical reduction of AgNO3, the photoreduction results in smaller AgNPs and the amount and size of the AgNPs are dependent on the comonomer ratio. The catalytic activity of the AgNP-loaded microgels in 4-nitrophenol reduction was tested.
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11
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Jiang T, Aseyev V, Niskanen J, Hietala S, Zhang Q, Tenhu H. Polyzwitterions with LCST Side Chains: Tunable Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2020; 53:8267-8275. [PMID: 33122865 PMCID: PMC7586405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
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Manipulation
of self-assembly behavior of copolymers via environmental
change is attractive in the fabrication of smart polymeric materials.
We present tunable self-assembly behavior of graft copolymers, poly(sulfobetaine
methacrylate)-graft-poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl
ether methacrylate)-co-di(ethylene glycol) methyl
ether methacrylate] (PSBM-g-P(OEGMA-co-DEGMA)). Upon heating the aqueous solutions, the graft copolymers
undergo a transition from micelles with PSBM cores to unimers (i.e.,
individual macromolecules) and then to reversed micelles with P(OEGMA-co-DEGMA) cores, thus demonstrating the tunability of the
self-assembling through temperature change. In the presence of salt
the temperature response of PSBM is eliminated, and the structure
of the micelles with the P(OEGMA-co-DEGMA) core changes.
Moreover, for the graft copolymer with long side chains, micelles
with aggregation number ∼ 2 were formed with
a PSBM core at low temperature, which is ascribed to the steric effect
of the P(OEGMA-co-DEGMA) shell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Niskanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qilu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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12
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13
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Witos J, Karjalainen E, Tenhu H, Wiedmer SK. CE and asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation studies of polymer interactions with surfaces and solutes reveal conformation changes of polymers. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2495-2505. [PMID: 32227669 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic diblock copolymers consisting of a hydrophobic core containing a polymerized ionic liquid and an outer shell composed of poly(N-isoprolylacrylamide) were investigated by capillary electrophoresis and asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation. The polymerized ionic liquid comprised poly(2-(1-butylimidazolium-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate tetrafluoroborate) with a constant block length (n = 24), while the length of the poly(N-isoprolylacrylamide) block varied (n = 14; 26; 59; 88). Possible adsorption of the block copolymer on the fused silica capillary, due to alterations in the polymeric conformation upon a change in the temperature (25 and 45 °C), was initially studied. For comparison, the effect of temperature on the copolymer conformation/hydrodynamic size was determined with the aid of asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation and light scattering. To get more information about the hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties of the synthesized block copolymers, they were used as a pseudostationary phase in electrokinetic chromatography for the separation of some model compounds, that is, benzoates and steroids. Of particular interest was to find out whether a change in the length or concentration of the poly(N-isoprolylacrylamide) block would affect the separation of the model compounds. Overall, our results show that capillary electrophoresis and asymmetrical flow-field flow fractionation are suitable methods for characterizing conformational changes of such diblock copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Witos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Abstract
Soft nanoparticles are interesting materials due to their size, deformability, and ability to host guest molecules. Surface properties play an essential role in determining the fate of the particles in biological medium, and coating of the nanoparticles (and polymers) with carbohydrates has been found to be an efficient strategy for increasing their biocompatibility and fine-tuning other important properties such as aqueous solubility. In this work, soft nanogels of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), PNVCL, were surface-functionalized with different glucose and maltose ligands, and the colloidal properties of the gels were analyzed. The PNVCL nanogels were first prepared via semibatch precipitation polymerization, where a comonomer, propargyl acrylate (PA), was added after preparticle formation. The aim was to synthesize "clickable" nanogels with alkyne groups on their surfaces. The nanogels were then functionalized with two separate azido-glucosides and azido-maltosides (containing different linkers) through a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) click reaction. The glucose and maltose bearing nanogels were thermoresponsive and shrank upon heating. Compared to the PNVCL-PA nanogel, the carbohydrate bearing ones were larger, more hydrophilic, had volume phase transitions at higher temperatures, and were more stable against salt-induced precipitation. In addition to investigating the colloidal properties of the nanogels, the carbohydrate recognition was addressed by studying the interactions with a model lectin, concanavalin A (Con A). The binding efficiency was not affected by the temperature, which indicates that the carbohydrate moieties are located on the gel surfaces, and are capable of interacting with other biomolecules independent of temperature. Thus, the synthesis produces nanogels, which have surface functions capable of biorelevant interactions and a thermoresponsive structure. These types of particles can be used for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonas Siirilä
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Filip S Ekholm
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , 00014 Helsinki , Finland
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15
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Karjalainen E, Suvarli N, Tenhu H. Thermoresponsive behavior of poly[trialkyl-(4-vinylbenzyl)ammonium] based polyelectrolytes in aqueous salt solutions. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00917b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic method to induce thermoresponsive behavior for polycations with salts from the reversed Hofmeister series is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erno Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Narmin Suvarli
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
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16
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Wiktorowicz S, Damlin P, Salomäki M, Kvarnström C, Tenhu H, Aseyev V. Conjugated Main Chain Azo‐Polymers Based on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Wiktorowicz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki PB 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN‐00014 HY Helsinki Finland
| | - Pia Damlin
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical AnalysisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Turku Vatselankatu 2 FIN‐20014 Turku Finland
| | - Mikko Salomäki
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical AnalysisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Turku Vatselankatu 2 FIN‐20014 Turku Finland
| | - Carita Kvarnström
- Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical AnalysisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Turku Vatselankatu 2 FIN‐20014 Turku Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki PB 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN‐00014 HY Helsinki Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Helsinki PB 55, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1 FIN‐00014 HY Helsinki Finland
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17
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Baddam V, Missonen R, Hietala S, Tenhu H. Molecular Mass Affects the Phase Separation of Aqueous PEG-Polycation Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2019; 52:6514-6522. [PMID: 31543553 PMCID: PMC6748676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Mechanisms of the phase separation
and remixing of cationic PEG-containing
block copolymers have been investigated in aqueous lithium triflate
solutions. The polycation was poly(vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium triflate).
We have previously reported on one such block copolymer, which upon
cooling of a hot clear solution first underwent phase separation into
a turbid colloid and, later, partially cleared again with further
cooling. To better understand the balance of various interactions
in the solutions/dispersions, a series of polymers with varying DP
of the cationic block was synthesized. From one of the polymers, the
alkyl end group (a fragment of the chain transfer agent) was removed.
The length of the cationic block affected critically the behavior,
but the hydrophobic end group had a minimal effect. Polymers with
a short cationic block turn cloudy and partially clear again during
a temperature decrease, whereas those with a long cationic block phase
separate and slowly precipitate and remix only when heated. Phase
separation takes place via particle formation, and we suggest different
mechanisms for colloidal stabilization of particles composed of short
or long chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Baddam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reetta Missonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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18
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Pooch F, Teltevskij V, Karjalainen E, Tenhu H, Winnik FM. Poly(2-propyl-2-oxazoline)s in Aqueous Methanol: To Dissolve or not to Dissolve. Macromolecules 2019; 52:6361-6368. [PMID: 31543552 PMCID: PMC6748674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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At
room temperature, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(PNIPAM) is soluble in water and methanol, but it is not soluble in
certain water/methanol mixtures. This phenomenon, known as cononsolvency,
has been explored in great detail experimentally and theoretically
in an attempt to understand the complex interactions occurring in
the ternary PNIPAM/water/co-nonsolvent system. Yet little is known
about the effects of the polymer structure on cononsolvency. To address
this point, we investigated the temperature-dependent solution properties
in water, methanol, and mixtures of the two solvents of poly(2-cyclopropyl-2-oxazoline)
(PcyPOx) and two structural isomers of PNIPAM (Mn ∼ 11 kg/mol): poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PiPOx)
and poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PnPOx). The phase
diagram of the ternary water/methanol/poly(2-propyl-2-oxazolines)
(PPOx) systems, constructed based on cloud point (TCP) measurements, revealed that PnPOx exhibits cononsolvency
in water/methanol mixtures. In contrast, methanol acts as a cosolvent
for PiPOx and PcyPOx in water. The enthalpy, ΔH, and temperature, Tmax, of the coil-to-globule
transition of the three polymers in various water/methanol mixtures
were measured by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. Tmax follows the same trends as TCP, confirming the cononsolvency of PnPOx and the cosolvency
of PiPOx and PcyPOx. ΔH decreases linearly
as a function of the methanol content for all PPOx systems. Ancillary
high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy studies of PPOx solutions
in D2O and methanol-d4, coupled
with DOSY and NOESY experiments revealed that the n-propyl group of PnPOx rotates freely in D2O, whereas
the rotation of the isopropyl and cyclopropyl groups of PiPOx and
PcyPOx, respectively, is limited due to steric restriction. This factor
appears to play an important role in the case of the PPOxs/water/methanol
ternary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pooch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Valerij Teltevskij
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Françoise M Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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19
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Lemetti L, Hirvonen SP, Fedorov D, Batys P, Sammalkorpi M, Tenhu H, Linder MB, Aranko AS. Molecular crowding facilitates assembly of spidroin-like proteins through phase separation. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Pooch F, Sliepen M, Knudsen KD, Nyström B, Tenhu H, Winnik FM. Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)- b-poly(lactide) (PiPOx- b-PLA) Nanoparticles in Water: Interblock van der Waals Attraction Opposes Amphiphilic Phase Separation. Macromolecules 2019; 52:1317-1326. [PMID: 31496543 PMCID: PMC6727592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(lactide) (PiPOx-b-PLA) diblock copolymers comprise two miscible blocks: the hydrophilic and thermosensitive PiPOx and the hydrophobic PLA, a biocompatible and biodegradable polyester. They self-assemble in water, forming stable dispersions of nanoparticles with hydrodynamic radii (R h) ranging from ∼18 to 60 nm, depending on their molar mass, the relative size of the two blocks, and the configuration of the lactide unit. Evidence from 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy indicates that the nanoparticles do not adopt the typical core-shell morphology. Aqueous nanoparticle dispersions heated from 20 to 80 °C were monitored by turbidimetry and microcalorimetry. Nanoparticles of copolymers containing a poly(dl-lactide) block coagulated irreversibly upon heating to 50 °C, forming particles of various shapes (R h ∼ 200-500 nm). Dispersions of PiPOx-b-poly(l-lactide) coagulated to a lesser extent or remained stable upon heating. From the entire experimental evidence, we conclude that PiPOx-b-PLA nanoparticles consist of a core of PLA/PiPOx chains associated via dipole-dipole interactions of the PLA and PiPOx carbonyl groups. The core is surrounded by tethered PiPOx loops and tails responsible for the colloidal stability of the nanoparticles in water. While the core of all nanoparticles studied contains associated PiPOx and PLA blocks, fine details of the nanoparticles morphology vary predictably with the size and composition of the copolymers, yielding particles of distinctive thermosensitivity in aqueous dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pooch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marjolein Sliepen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kenneth D. Knudsen
- Department
of Physics, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- International
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
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21
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Abstract
A thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL), was synthesized in an emulsion above its thermal transition temperature to produce particles via polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA).
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22
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Baddam V, Aseyev V, Hietala S, Karjalainen E, Tenhu H. Polycation–PEG Block Copolymer Undergoes Stepwise Phase Separation in Aqueous Triflate Solution. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Baddam
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, PB 55, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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23
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Pooch F, Sliepen M, Svedström KJ, Korpi A, Winnik FM, Tenhu H. Inversion of crystallization rates in miscible block copolymers of poly(lactide)- block-poly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline). Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
From a miscible melt, crystallization drives phase-separation of PLLA-PiPOx. PLLA plasticizes PiPOx and inverts the crystallization rates compared to the homopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Pooch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki 00014
- Finland
| | | | | | - Antti Korpi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems
- Aalto University
- Aalto 00076
- Finland
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki 00014
- Finland
- WPI International Centre for Nanoarchitectonics (MANA)
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki 00014
- Finland
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24
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Abstract
We report the synthesis of thermophilic poly(N-acryloylglycinamide) (PNAGA) microgels that swell in water upon heating and their use as nanocatalyst hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014
- Finland
| | - Milla Viitasuo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014
- Finland
| | - Fabian Pooch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014
- Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014
- Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FIN-00014
- Finland
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25
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Kaasalainen M, Aseyev V, von Haartman E, Karaman DŞ, Mäkilä E, Tenhu H, Rosenholm J, Salonen J. Size, Stability, and Porosity of Mesoporous Nanoparticles Characterized with Light Scattering. Nanoscale Res Lett 2017; 12:74. [PMID: 28124301 PMCID: PMC5267583 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-1853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based mesoporous nanoparticles have been extensively studied to meet the challenges in the drug delivery. Functionality of these nanoparticles depends on their properties which are often changing as a function of particle size and surrounding medium. Widely used characterization methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) have both their weaknesses. We hypothesize that conventional light scattering (LS) methods can be used for a rigorous characterization of medium sensitive nanoparticles' properties, like size, stability, and porosity. Two fundamentally different silicon-based nanoparticles were made: porous silicon (PSi) from crystalline silicon and silica nanoparticles (SN) through sol-gel process. We studied the properties of these mesoporous nanoparticles with two different multiangle LS techniques, DLS and static light scattering (SLS), and compared the results to dry-state techniques, TEM, and nitrogen sorption. Comparison of particle radius from TEM and DLS revealed significant overestimation of the DLS result. Regarding to silica nanoparticles, the overestimation was attributed to agglomeration by analyzing radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius. In case of PSi nanoparticles, strong correlation between LS result and specific surface area was found. Our results suggest that the multiangle LS methods could be used for the size, stability, and structure characterization of mesoporous nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti Kaasalainen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva von Haartman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Didem Şen Karaman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ermei Mäkilä
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jessica Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jarno Salonen
- Laboratory of Industrial Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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26
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Niskanen J, Vapaavuori J, Pellerin C, Winnik FM, Tenhu H. Polysulfobetaine-surfactant solutions and their use in stabilizing hydrophobic compounds in saline solution. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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27
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Borke T, Najberg M, Ilina P, Bhattacharya M, Urtti A, Tenhu H, Hietala S. Hyaluronic Acid Graft Copolymers with Cleavable Arms as Potential Intravitreal Drug Delivery Vehicles. Macromol Biosci 2017; 18. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Borke
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Mathie Najberg
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Polina Ilina
- Centre for Drug Research; Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Madhushree Bhattacharya
- Centre for Drug Research; Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Centre for Drug Research; Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 56 FI-00014 Finland
- School of Pharmacy; University of Eastern Finland; P.O. Box 1627 70211 Kuopio Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Finland
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28
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Borke T, Korpi A, Pooch F, Tenhu H, Hietala S. Poly(glyceryl glycerol): A multi-functional hydrophilic polymer for labeling with boronic acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Borke
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Antti Korpi
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Fabian Pooch
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 Helsinki 00014 Finland
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29
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Montolio S, Zagorodko O, Porcar R, Isabel Burguete M, Luis SV, Tenhu H, García-Verdugo E. Poly(acrylamide-homocysteine thiolactone) as a synthetic platform for the preparation of polymeric ionic liquids by post ring-opening-orthogonal modifications. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Post-modification of Poly(Acrylamide-Homocysteine Thiolactone) provides a variety of advanced polymeric materials with different morphologies and structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Montolio
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Oleksandr Zagorodko
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Raúl Porcar
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
- Universitat Jaume I E-12071
- Castellón de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Helsinki
- Finland
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica
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30
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Abstract
In this mini-review, we discuss multi-stimuli-responsive polymers, which exhibit upper critical solution temperature (UCST) behavior mainly in aqueous solutions, and focus on examples where counter ions, electricity, light, or pH influence the thermoresponsiveness of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Niskanen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsinki
- Finland
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31
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Bogdan A, Molina MJ, Tenhu H. Visualization data on the freezing process of micrometer-scaled aqueous citric acid drops. Data Brief 2016; 10:144-146. [PMID: 27981204 PMCID: PMC5149053 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The visualization data (8 movies) presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Freezing and glass transitions upon cooling and warming and ice/freeze-concentration-solution morphology of emulsified aqueous citric acid” (A. Bogdan, M.J. Molina, H. Tenhu, 2016) [1]. The movies recorded in-situ with optical cryo-miscroscopy (OC-M) demonstrate for the first time freezing processes that occur during the cooling and subsequent warming of emulsified micrometer-scaled aqueous citric acid (CA) drops. The movies are made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Bogdan
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Finland; Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mario J Molina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093-0356, USA
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Finland
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32
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Montolio S, Vicent C, Aseyev V, Alfonso I, Burguete MI, Tenhu H, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. AuNP–Polymeric Ionic Liquid Composite Multicatalytic Nanoreactors for One-Pot Cascade Reactions. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Montolio
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Cristian Vicent
- Servei
Central d’Instrumentació Científica, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ignacio Alfonso
- Departamento
de Química Biológica y Modelización Molecular,
Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jordi Girona
18-26 E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Isabel Burguete
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eduardo García-Verdugo
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santiago V. Luis
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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33
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Bogdan A, Molina MJ, Tenhu H. Freezing and glass transitions upon cooling and warming and ice/freeze-concentration-solution morphology of emulsified aqueous citric acid. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 109:49-60. [PMID: 27664024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although freeze-induced phase separation and the ice/FCS (freeze-concentration solution) morphology of aqueous solutions play an important role in fields ranging from life sciences and biotechnology to geophysics and high-altitude ice clouds, their understanding is far from complete. Herein, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical cryo-microscope (OC-M), we have studied the freezing and glass transition behavior and the ice/FCS morphology of emulsified 10-60wt% CA (citric acid) solutions in the temperature region of ∼308and153K. We have obtained a lot of new result which are understandable and unclear. The most essential understandable results are as follows: (i) similar to bulk CA/H2O, emulsified CA/H2O also freezes upon cooling and warming and (ii) the ice/FCS morphology of frozen drops smaller than ∼3-4μm is less ramified than that of frozen bulk solutions. Unclear results, among others, are as follows: (i) in contrast to bulk solutions, which produce one freezing event, emulsified CA/H2O produces two freezing events and (ii) in emulsions, drop concentration is not uniform. Our results demonstrate that DSC thermograms and OC-M images/movies are mutually supplementary and allow us to extract important information which cannot be gained when DSC and OC-M techniques are used alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Bogdan
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland; Department of Physics, P.O. Box 48, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Mario J Molina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0356, United States
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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34
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Kiviaho JK, Linko V, Ora A, Tiainen T, Järvihaavisto E, Mikkilä J, Tenhu H, Kostiainen MA. Cationic polymers for DNA origami coating - examining their binding efficiency and tuning the enzymatic reaction rates. Nanoscale 2016; 8:11674-80. [PMID: 27219684 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr08355a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
DNA origamis are fully tailored, programmable, biocompatible and readily functionalizable nanostructures that provide an excellent foundation for the development of sophisticated drug-delivery systems. However, the DNA origami objects suffer from certain drawbacks such as low cell-transfection rates and low stability. A great deal of studies on polymer-based transfection agents, mainly focusing on polyplex formation and toxicity, exists. In this study, the electrostatic binding between a brick-like DNA origami and cationic block-copolymers was explored. The effect of the polymer structure on the binding was investigated and the toxicity of the polymer-origami complexes evaluated. The study shows that all of the analyzed polymers had a suitable binding efficiency irrespective of the block structure. It was also observed that the toxicity of polymer-origami complexes was insignificant at the biologically relevant concentration levels. Besides brick-like DNA origamis, tubular origami carriers equipped with enzymes were also coated with the polymers. By adjusting the amount of cationic polymers that cover the DNA structures, we showed that it is possible to control the enzyme kinetics of the complexes. This work gives a starting point for further development of biocompatible and effective polycation-based block copolymers that can be used in coating different DNA origami nanostructures for various bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K Kiviaho
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Ari Ora
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Tony Tiainen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Järvihaavisto
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Joona Mikkilä
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri A Kostiainen
- Biohybrid Materials Group, Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
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35
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Overton P, Danilovtseva E, Karjalainen E, Karesoja M, Annenkov V, Tenhu H, Aseyev V. Water-Dispersible Silica-Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposites Prepared via Acid-Triggered Polycondensation of Silicic Acid and Directed by Polycations. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8030096. [PMID: 30979191 PMCID: PMC6432522 DOI: 10.3390/polym8030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work describes the acid-triggered condensation of silicic acid, Si(OH)₄, as directed by selected polycations in aqueous solution in the pH range of 6.5⁻8.0 at room temperature, without the use of additional solvents or surfactants. This process results in the formation of silica-polyelectrolyte (S-PE) nanocomposites in the form of precipitate or water-dispersible particles. The mean hydrodynamic diameter (dh) of size distributions of the prepared water-dispersible S-PE composites is presented as a function of the solution pH at which the composite formation was achieved. Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) and block copolymers of DMAEMA and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) were used as weak polyelectrolytes in S-PE composite formation. The activity of the strong polyelectrolytes poly(methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium iodide) (PMOTAI) and PMOTAI-b-POEGMA in S-PE formation is also examined. The effect of polyelectrolyte strength and the OEGMA block on the formation of the S-PE composites is assessed with respect to the S-PE composites prepared using the PDMAEMA homopolymer. In the presence of the PDMAEMA60 homopolymer (Mw = 9400 g/mol), the size of the dispersible S-PE composites increases with solution pH in the range pH 6.6⁻8.1, from dh = 30 nm to dh = 800 nm. S-PDMAEMA60 prepared at pH 7.8 contained 66% silica by mass (TGA). The increase in dispersible S-PE particle size is diminished when directed by PDMAEMA300 (Mw = 47,000 g/mol), reaching a maximum of dh = 75 nm. S-PE composites formed using PDMAEMA-b-POEGMA remain in the range dh = 20⁻30 nm across this same pH regime. Precipitated S-PE composites were obtained as spheres of up to 200 nm in diameter (SEM) and up to 65% mass content of silica (TGA). The conditions of pH for the preparation of dispersible and precipitate S-PE nanocomposites, as directed by the five selected polyelectrolytes PDMAEMA60, PDMAEMA300, PMOTAI60, PDMAEMA60-b-POEGMA38 and PMOTAI60-b-POEGMA38 is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Overton
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Elena Danilovtseva
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Bator Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikko Karesoja
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Vadim Annenkov
- Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 3, Ulan-Bator Str., Irkutsk 664033, Russia.
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Mäkinen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Divya Varadharajan
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Abadan Branch, Islamic Azad University; Abadan Iran
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, PB 55, 00014, University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department of Chemistry; Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, PB 55, 00014, University of Helsinki; Finland
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Duša F, Witos J, Karjalainen E, Viitala T, Tenhu H, Wiedmer SK. Novel cationic polyelectrolyte coatings for capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2015; 37:363-71. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Duša
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Joanna Witos
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- Laboratory of Polymer chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer chemistry, Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Niskanen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Mikko Karesoja
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki; Finland
| | - Xing-Ping Qiu
- Faculté de Pharmacie et Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal; CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Françoise M. Winnik
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki; Finland
- Faculté de Pharmacie et Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal; CP 6128 Succursale Centre Ville Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; A.I. Virtasen Aukio 1, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki; Finland
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Rahikkala A, Aseyev V, Tenhu H, Kauppinen EI, Raula J. Thermoresponsive Nanoparticles of Self-Assembled Block Copolymers as Potential Carriers for Drug Delivery and Diagnostics. Biomacromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Rahikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00079 Aalto, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00079 Aalto, Finland
| | - Janne Raula
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, FI-00079 Aalto, Finland
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Bogdan A, Molina MJ, Tenhu H, Loerting T. Multiple glass transitions and freezing events of aqueous citric acid. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4515-23. [PMID: 25482069 PMCID: PMC4434526 DOI: 10.1021/jp510331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calorimetric and optical cryo-microscope measurements of 10-64 wt % citric acid (CA) solutions subjected to moderate (3 K/min) and slow (0.5 and 0.1 K/min) cooling/warming rates and also to quenching/moderate warming between 320 and 133 K are presented. Depending on solution concentration and cooling rate, the obtained thermograms show one freezing event and from one to three liquid-glass transitions upon cooling and from one to six liquid-glass and reverse glass-liquid transitions, one or two freezing events, and one melting event upon warming of frozen/glassy CA/H2O. The multiple freezing events and glass transitions pertain to the mother CA/H2O solution itself and two freeze-concentrated solution regions, FCS1 and FCS2, of different concentrations. The FCS1 and FCS2 (or FCS22) are formed during the freezing of CA/H2O upon cooling and/or during the freezing upon warming of partly glassy or entirely glassy mother CA/H2O. The formation of two FCS1 and FCS22 regions during the freezing upon warming to our best knowledge has never been reported before. Using an optical cryo-microscope, we are able to observe the formation of a continuous ice framework (IF) and its morphology and reciprocal distribution of IF/(FCS1 + FCS2). Our results provide a new look at the freezing and glass transition behavior of aqueous solutions and can be used for the optimization of lyophilization and freezing of foods and biopharmaceutical formulations, among many other applications where freezing plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Bogdan
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mario J. Molina
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0356, United States
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Karjalainen E, Khlebnikov V, Korpi A, Hirvonen SP, Hietala S, Aseyev V, Tenhu H. Complex interactions in aqueous PIL-PNIPAm-PIL triblock copolymer solutions. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Karjalainen E, Aseyev V, Tenhu H. Upper or lower critical solution temperature, or both? Studies on cationic copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solution properties of statistical copolymers of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAm) and cationic (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (AMPTMA) have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erno Karjalainen
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- 00014 Helsinki
- Finland
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Ghosh A, Hassinen J, Pulkkinen P, Tenhu H, Ras RHA, Pradeep T. Simple and Efficient Separation of Atomically Precise Noble Metal Clusters. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12185-90. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503165t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Ghosh
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE),
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Jukka Hassinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University (Helsinki University of Technology), Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Petri Pulkkinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin H. A. Ras
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University (Helsinki University of Technology), Puumiehenkuja 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST
Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE),
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Erno Karjalainen
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vladimir Aseyev
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory
of Polymer Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, PB 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Valtola L, Rahikkala A, Raula J, Kauppinen EI, Tenhu H, Hietala S. Synthesis and lectin recognition of glycosylated amphiphilic nanoparticles. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Karesoja M, Karjalainen E, Hietala S, Tenhu H. Phase Separation of Aqueous Poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-block-N-vinylcaprolactams). J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10776-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5062368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Karesoja
- Department
of Chemistry,
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Erno Karjalainen
- Department
of Chemistry,
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department
of Chemistry,
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Department
of Chemistry,
Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Montolio S, Gonzáez L, Altava B, Tenhu H, Burguete MI, García-Verdugo E, Luis SV. LCST-type polymers based on chiral-polymeric ionic liquids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:10683-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc03140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Valtola L, Karesoja M, Tenhu H, Ihalainen P, Sarfraz J, Peltonen J, Malinen M, Urtti A, Hietala S. Breath figure templated semifluorinated block copolymers with tunable surface properties and binding capabilities. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Valtola
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Mikko Karesoja
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heikki Tenhu
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Petri Ihalainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; Porthansgatan 3-5 FIN-20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Jawad Sarfraz
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; Porthansgatan 3-5 FIN-20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Jouko Peltonen
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Åbo Akademi University; Porthansgatan 3-5 FIN-20500 Åbo Finland
| | - Melina Malinen
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics; Faculty of Pharmacy; Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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McKee JR, Huokuna J, Martikainen L, Karesoja M, Nykänen A, Kontturi E, Tenhu H, Ruokolainen J, Ikkala O. Molecular Engineering of Fracture Energy Dissipating Sacrificial Bonds Into Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201401072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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