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Chen H, White JF, Malik K, Li C. Molecular assessment of oat head blight fungus, including a new genus and species in a family of Nectriaceae. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110715. [PMID: 38657420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Head blight (HB) of oat (Avena sativa) has caused significant production losses in oats growing areas of western China. A total of 314 isolates, associated with HB were collected from the major oat cultivating areas of Gansu, Qinghai, and Yunnan Provinces in western China. Based on morphological characters, the isolates were initially classified into three genera, as differentiation to species was a bit difficult. Taxonomic analysis of these isolates based on muti-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, TEF1, TUB2, and RPB2) revealed four known Fusarium species, F. proliferatum, F. avenaceum, F. poae, and F. sibiricum, and one Acremonium specie (A. sclerotigenum). In addition, a new genus Neonalanthamala gen. nov., similar to genus Nalanthamala was introduced herein with a new combination, Neonalanthamala graminearum sp. nov., to accommodate the HB fungus. The molecular clock analyses estimated the divergence time of the Neonalanthamala and Nalanthamala based on a dataset (ITS, TUB2, RPB2), and we recognized the mean stem ages of the two genera are 98.95 Mya, which showed that they evolved from the same ancestor. N. graminearum was the most prevalent throughout the surveyed provinces. Pathogenicity test was carried out by using two different methods: seed inoculation and head inoculation. Results showed that F. sibiricum isolates were the most aggressive on the seed and head. A. sclerotigenum isolates were not pathogenic to seeds, and were developed less symptoms to the head compared to other species. Data analyses showed that the correlation of the germination potential, germination index, and dry weight of seed inoculation and disease index of plant inoculation had a highly significant negative correlation (P < 0.001). These results showed that the development of HB might be predicted by seed tests for this species. A. sclerotigenum and N. graminearum causing HB are being firstly reported on oat in the world. Similarly, F. proliferatum, F. avenaceum, F. poae and F. sibiricum causing oat HB are firstly reported in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - James F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA
| | - Kamran Malik
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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Tamang P, Kumar P, Chauhan A, Rastogi S, Srivastava S, Jena SN. Molecular insights into the variability and pathogenicity of Fusarium odoratissimum, the causal agent of Panama wilt disease in banana. Microb Pathog 2024; 190:106594. [PMID: 38458267 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt or Panama disease of banana caused by the hemibiotroph fungus, Fusarium odoratissimum, also known as F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 is a serious threat to banana production worldwide. Being the world's largest grower and the origins of bananas in its northeast region, India is particularly vulnerable to this deadly fungus. In the present study, a total of 163 Fusarium isolates from infected banana were characterized for their pathogenic traits. Considering the variability in the Fusarium, the contaminated banana plants were collected from five districts of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, two major primary infection states of India. All the isolates were screened using universal and specific primers to identify the F. odoratissimum strains. The identified F. odoratissimum strains were subjected to in vivo pathogenicity assessment using the susceptible banana cultivar 'Grand Naine'. The identified six most virulent strains were further characterized for their pathogenicity via in vivo bipartite interaction in terms of biochemical assays. Assessment of in vivo pathogenicity through qRT-PCR for three pathogenesis responsive genes, Six 1a (Secreted in xylem), Snf (Sucrose non-fermenting) and ChsV (Chitinase V), ascertained that the identified F. odoratissimum strains exhibit both intra- and inter-specific variability. The variability of F. odoratissimum strains signifies its importance for the assessment of spread of infection at specific sites to enable efficient management strategy of Fusarium wilt in banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Tamang
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpit Chauhan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyam Rastogi
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suchi Srivastava
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satya Narayan Jena
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India; CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Harish J, Venkateshbabu G, Prasannakumar MK, Devanna P, Mahesh HB, Balasundara DC, Swamy SD, Kunjeti SG, Manjunatha C, Puneeth ME, Lohithaswa HC, Jambhulkar PP. Stalk rot species diversity and molecular phylogeny associated with diseased maize in India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:185. [PMID: 38683236 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03991-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Stalk rot disease is a major constraint in maize production and till date reported to be caused by two to three species of phytopathogenic fungi but, in our present study, we disclose the first report of stalk rot is caused by complex species of phytopathogens, which belongs to five different genera. Therefore, to substantiate these findings, a total of 105 diseased samples of maize were collected from 21 different locations in six different geographical locations of India from which 48 isolates were used for the research study. Morphological features such as pigmentation, colony color, type of mycelium and pattern of mycelium was examined using macro and microscopic methods. A total of 11 different spp. of pathogens belonging to the five different genera: Fusarium verticillioides (56.25%), F. equiseti (14.5%), F. andiyazi (6.25%), F. solani (2.08%), F. proliferatum (2.08%), F. incarnatum (2.08%), Lasidioplodia theobrame (6.25%), Exserohilum rostrtum (4.16%), Nigrospora spp. (4.16%). and Schizophyllum commune (2.08%) were identified by different housekeeping genes (ITS, TEF-1α, RPB2 and Actin). Fusarium verticillioides, F. equiseti and F. andiyazi were major pathogens involved in stalk rot. This is the first report on F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. incarnatum, Lasidioplodia theobrame, Exserohilum rostrtum, Nigrospora spp. and Schizophyllum commune causing stalk rot of maize and their distribution in the different states of India. Studies on population dynamics of PFSR will enhance the understanding of pathogen behavior, virulence, or its association with different pathogens across India, which will facilitate the development of resistant maize genotypes against the PFSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harish
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Gopal Venkateshbabu
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - M K Prasannakumar
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India.
| | - Pramesh Devanna
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, 584104, India
| | - H B Mahesh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - D C Balasundara
- Corteva Agriscience India Private Limited, Kallinaikanahalli, Thondebhavi Post Chikkaballapura District, Karnataka, 561213, India
| | - S Dharanendra Swamy
- Monsanto India Ltd. (A Subsidiary of Bayer AG), Kallinayakanahalli, Thondebhavi Post, Chikkaballapura, Karnataka, 561213, India
| | - Sridhara G Kunjeti
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - C Manjunatha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - M E Puneeth
- PathoGenOmics Lab, Department of Plant Pathology, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - H C Lohithaswa
- AICRP on Pigeonpea, ZARS, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560065, India
| | - Prashant P Jambhulkar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Amin I, Nazir R, Rather MA. Evaluation of multi-heavy metal tolerance traits of soil-borne fungi for simultaneous removal of hazardous metals. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:175. [PMID: 38647735 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The demand for environment-friendly cleanup techniques has arisen due to an increase in environmental pollutants. Fungi is the most prevalent and effective class of heavy metal-resistant microorganisms with the ability to leach metals. The objective of the present study was to isolate the fungi from the agricultural soil of Kashmir valley, investigate their multi-metal tolerance to heavy metals and evaluate the metal uptake capacities of the resistant fungi. The fungi were isolated and identified on the basis of morphological and molecular approach (ITS1 and ITS4). The tolerance limits of the isolated fungal strains to various doses of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and cobalt (Co) was evaluated. Five fungal strains, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus fischeri, Epicoccum mackenziei were isolated from the soil samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the study of metal resistance of Aspergillus fischeri and Epicoccum mackenziei. Among the identified fungal species, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum were found to be most tolerant with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 600 ppm against Cu and Cr respectively. Results indicated removal of considerable amount of heavy metals by some of the fungi. The highest metal uptake of 8.31 mg/g was found in Fusarium verticillioides for Zn. Surprisingly, these fungal strains demonstrated resistance to metal concentrations above the levels that are universally acceptable for polluted soils, and hence prove to be appealing contenders for use as bioremediation agents for cleaning up heavy metal-polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Amin
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Rather
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Srinagar, 190006, India
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Matson MEH, Kane SM, Crouch UT, Zepada SK, Martin FN. Development of a Large-Scale Soil DNA Extraction Method for Molecular Quantification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in Soil. Phytopathology 2024; 114:717-724. [PMID: 37955545 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-23-0325-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The most common soilborne diseases affecting the strawberry industry in California include Verticillium wilt due to Verticillium dahliae, charcoal root rot due to Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium wilt due to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae. Detection of these pathogens in soil is an important facet of disease management and fumigation recommendations. Whereas the soil populations of both M. phaseolina and V. dahliae can be readily quantified with quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays using DNA extractions with 500 mg of soil, the single-cell nature of the F. oxysporum chlamydospore does not provide enough pathogen DNA from 500-mg extractions to be reliably quantified. Here, we describe an improved DNA extraction protocol from 10 to 15 g of soil that allows for the quantification of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae populations below 10 CFU/g. The relationship between results from the TaqMan qPCR assay and pathogen population density in soil was determined by using this extraction method in pathogen-free soils artificially infested with a hygromycin-resistant strain of F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae to facilitate accurate colony counts when plated on a selective medium. Although the protocol was developed for F. oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, it is applicable for detection and quantification of other soilborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E H Matson
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA
| | - Saben M Kane
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA
| | - Uma T Crouch
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA
| | - Sascha K Zepada
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA
| | - Frank N Martin
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA
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Bustamante MI, Todd C, Elfar K, Hamid MI, Garcia JF, Cantu D, Rolshausen PE, Eskalen A. Identification and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Young Vine Decline in California. Plant Dis 2024; 108:1053-1061. [PMID: 38085973 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1362-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases are caused by a broad diversity of fungal taxa that have serious impacts on the worldwide viticulture industry due to significant reductions in vineyards yield and lifespan. Field surveys carried out from 2018 to 2022 in California nurseries and young vineyards revealed a high incidence of Fusarium. Since Fusarium species are important pathogens of other perennial crops, the present study aimed to identify and determine the pathogenicity of the Fusarium species on grapevines. Morphology of the fungal colonies coupled with multilocus phylogenetic analyses using nucleotide sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes revealed the occurrence of 10 species clustering in six species complexes, namely F. fujikuroi (FFSC), F. oxysporum (FOSC), F. solani (FSSC), F. sambucinum (FSAMSC), F. incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC), and F. tricinctum (FTSC) species complexes. The species F. annulatum (FFSC) was the most prevalent in samples from both symptomatic young vineyards (73.5% incidence) and nursery propagation material (62.5% incidence). Pathogenicity of the 10 most frequent species was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates on living woody tissue of 1103 Paulsen rootstocks. Our results suggest that Fusarium spp. are involved in the development of young vine decline, probably as opportunistic pathogens when grapevines are under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Todd
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Karina Elfar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - M Imran Hamid
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jadran F Garcia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Dario Cantu
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
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Xu X, Shen G, Teng H, Zhao J, Xiao J, Guo L, Gao Y, Chen J, Wang X, Xiang W, Zhao J. Unravelling Species Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. Associated with Soybean Leaf and Root in Heilongjiang Province, China. Plant Dis 2024; 108:852-856. [PMID: 37858971 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-23-1476-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) holds significant global importance and is extensively cultivated in Heilongjiang Province, China. Soybean can be infected by Fusarium species, causing root rot, seed decay, stem rot, and leaf blight. In 2021 to 2022, a field survey of soybean diseases was carried out in 11 regions of Heilongjiang Province, and 186 soybean leaves with leaf blight symptoms and 123 soybean roots with root rot symptoms were collected. Unexpectedly, a considerable number of Fusarium isolates were obtained not only from root samples but also from leaf samples. A total of 584 Fusarium isolates (416 from leaves and 168 from roots) were obtained and identified as 18 Fusarium species based on morphological features and multilocus phylogenetic analyses with tef1 and rpb2 sequences. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium sp. 1 in FOSC were the dominant species within soybean leaf and root samples, respectively. Pathogenicity tests were conducted for all Fusarium isolates on both soybean leaves and roots. Results showed that F. graminearum, F. ipomoeae, F. citri, F. compactum, F. flagelliforme, F. acuminatum, and F. sporotrichioides were pathogenic to both soybean leaves and roots. F. solani, F. avenaceum, F. pentaseptatum, F. serpentinum, F. annulatum, and Fusarium sp. 1 in FOSC were pathogenic to soybean roots, not to leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first study to thoroughly investigate soybean-associated Fusarium populations in leaves and roots in Heilongjiang Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Guijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Haolin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junlei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Heilongjiang Seed Industry Technical Service Center, Harbin 150008, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou, 311300, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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Strong N, Meeks G, Sheth SA, McCullough L, Villalba JA, Tan C, Barreto A, Wanger A, McDonald M, Kan P, Shaltoni H, Campo Maldonado J, Parada V, Hassan AE, Reagan-Steiner S, Chiller T, Gold JAW, Smith DJ, Ostrosky-Zeichner L. Neurovascular Complications of Iatrogenic Fusarium solani Meningitis. N Engl J Med 2024; 390:522-529. [PMID: 38324485 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2308192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A multinational outbreak of nosocomial fusarium meningitis occurred among immunocompetent patients who had undergone surgery with epidural anesthesia in Mexico. The pathogen involved had a high predilection for the brain stem and vertebrobasilar arterial system and was associated with high mortality from vessel injury. Effective treatment options remain limited; in vitro susceptibility testing of the organism suggested that it is resistant to all currently approved antifungal medications in the United States. To highlight the severe complications associated with fusarium infection acquired in this manner, we report data, clinical courses, and outcomes from 13 patients in the outbreak who presented with symptoms after a median delay of 39 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Strong
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Grant Meeks
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Sunil A Sheth
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Louise McCullough
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Julian A Villalba
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Andrew Barreto
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Audrey Wanger
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Michelle McDonald
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Peter Kan
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Hashem Shaltoni
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Jose Campo Maldonado
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Victoria Parada
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Ameer E Hassan
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Sarah Reagan-Steiner
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Tom Chiller
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Jeremy A W Gold
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Dallas J Smith
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- From McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (N.S., G.M., S.A.S., L.M., C.T., A.B., A.W., M.M., L.O.-Z.), the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston (P.K., H.S.), and the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley-Harlingen, Harlingen (J.C.M., V.P., A.E.H.) - all in Texas; and the Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (J.A.V., S.R.-S.), and the Mycotic Diseases Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (T.C., J.A.W.G., D.J.S.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta
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9
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Okorski A, Milewska A, Pszczółkowska A, Karpiesiuk K, Kozera W, Dąbrowska JA, Radwińska J. Prevalence of Fusarium fungi and Deoxynivalenol Levels in Winter Wheat Grain in Different Climatic Regions of Poland. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020102. [PMID: 35202130 PMCID: PMC8877411 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium is one of the most dangerous crop diseases, which has a wide geographic distribution and causes severe economic losses in the production of major cereal species. The infection leads to the accumulation of mycotoxins in grains, which compromises its suitability for human and animal consumption. The study demonstrated that grain samples from warmer regions of Poland, including Sulejów and Tomaszów Bolesławicki (results differed across years of the study), were colonized mainly by F. graminearum and were most highly contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON). Samples from Northeastern Poland, i.e., Ruska Wieś, which is located in a cooler region, were characterized by a predominance of Fusarium species typical of the cold climate, i.e., Fusarium poae and Penicillium verrucosum. A Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the severity of grain infection with F. avenaceum/F. tricinctum was affected by the mean daily temperature and high humidity in May, and the corresponding values of the correlation coefficient were determined at R = 0.54 and R = 0.50. Competitive interactions were observed between the F. avenaceum/F. tricinctum genotype and DON-producing F. culmorum and F. graminearum, because the severity of grain infections caused by these pathogens was bound by a negative correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Okorski
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 5, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.M.); (A.P.); (J.A.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-895232492
| | - Alina Milewska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 5, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.M.); (A.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Pszczółkowska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 5, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.M.); (A.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Krzysztof Karpiesiuk
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Wojciech Kozera
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Joanna Agnieszka Dąbrowska
- Department of Entomology, Phytopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 5, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.M.); (A.P.); (J.A.D.)
| | - Justyna Radwińska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
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10
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Bouissil S, Guérin C, Roche J, Dubessay P, El Alaoui-Talibi Z, Pierre G, Michaud P, Mouzeyar S, Delattre C, El Modafar C. Induction of Defense Gene Expression and the Resistance of Date Palm to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis in Response to Alginate Extracted from Bifurcaria bifurcata. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:88. [PMID: 35200618 PMCID: PMC8876945 DOI: 10.3390/md20020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In many African countries, the Bayoud is a common disease spread involving the fungus Fusarium oxusporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). The induction of plant natural defenses through the use of seaweed polysaccharides to help plants against pathogens is currently a biological and ecological approach that is gaining more and more importance. In the present study, we used alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from a brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, to activate date palm defenses, which involve phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism. The results obtained showed that at low concentration (1 g·L-1), alginate stimulated PAL activity in date palm roots 5 times more compared to the negative control (water-treated) after 24 h following treatment and 2.5 times more compared to the laminarin used as a positive stimulator of plant natural defenses (positive control of induction). Using qRT-PCR, the expression of a selection of genes involved in three different levels of defense mechanisms known to be involved in response to biotic stresses were investigated. The results showed that, generally, the PAL gene tested and the genes encoding enzymes involved in early oxidative events (SOD and LOX) were overexpressed in the alginate-treated plants compared to their levels in the positive and negative controls. POD and PR protein genes selected encoding β-(1,3)-glucanases and chitinases in this study did not show any significant difference between treatments; suggesting that other genes encoding POD and PR proteins that were not selected may be involved. After 17 weeks following the inoculation of the plants with the pathogen Foa, treatment with alginate reduced the mortality rate by up to 80% compared to the rate in control plants (non-elicited) and plants pretreated with laminarin, which agrees with the induction of defense gene expression and the stimulation of natural defenses in date palm with alginate after 24 h. These results open promising prospects for the use of alginate in agriculture as an inducer that triggers immunity of plants against telluric pathogens in general and of date palm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bouissil
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Claire Guérin
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Jane Roche
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Said Mouzeyar
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
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11
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Pinheiro M, Iwase CHT, Bertozzi BG, Caramês ETS, Carnielli-Queiroz L, Langaro NC, Furlong EB, Correa B, Rocha LO. Survey of Freshly Harvested Oat Grains from Southern Brazil Reveals High Incidence of Type B Trichothecenes and Associated Fusarium Species. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:855. [PMID: 34941693 PMCID: PMC8706650 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated the fungal diversity in freshly harvested oat samples from the two largest production regions in Brazil, Paraná (PR) and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), focusing primarily on the Fusarium genus and the presence of type B trichothecenes. The majority of the isolates belonged to the Fusarium sambucinum species complex, and were identified as F. graminearum sensu stricto (s.s.), F. meridionale, and F. poae. In the RS region, F. poae was the most frequent fungus, while F. graminearum s.s. was the most frequent in the PR region. The F. graminearum s.s. isolates were 15-ADON genotype, while F. meridionale and F. poae were NIV genotype. Mycotoxin analysis revealed that 92% and 100% of the samples from PR and RS were contaminated with type B trichothecenes, respectively. Oat grains from PR were predominantly contaminated with DON, whereas NIV was predominant in oats from RS. Twenty-four percent of the samples were contaminated with DON at levels higher than Brazilian regulations. Co-contamination of DON, its derivatives, and NIV was observed in 84% and 57.7% of the samples from PR and RS, respectively. The results provide new information on Fusarium contamination in Brazilian oats, highlighting the importance of further studies on mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinheiro
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.P.); (C.H.T.I.); (B.G.B.); (E.T.S.C.)
| | - Caio H. T. Iwase
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.P.); (C.H.T.I.); (B.G.B.); (E.T.S.C.)
| | - Bruno G. Bertozzi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.P.); (C.H.T.I.); (B.G.B.); (E.T.S.C.)
| | - Elem T. S. Caramês
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.P.); (C.H.T.I.); (B.G.B.); (E.T.S.C.)
| | - Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.C.-Q.); (B.C.)
| | - Nádia C. Langaro
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo 99042-800, Brazil;
| | - Eliana B. Furlong
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil;
| | - Benedito Correa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.C.-Q.); (B.C.)
| | - Liliana O. Rocha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Food Engineering Faculty, State University of Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; (M.P.); (C.H.T.I.); (B.G.B.); (E.T.S.C.)
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12
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Rizali A, Laili Aziza N, Sari N. Antagonistic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Eleutherine palmifolia Flower. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1015-1021. [PMID: 34842370 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1015.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Endophytic fungi live in plant tissue and show no symptoms of disease in their host plants. It is known that endophytes as biological agents, can control plant diseases. In this study, isolated endophytic fungi from healthy Dayak Onion flowers were used as biocontrol agents in the control of the pathogenic fungi <i>Fusarium </i>spp. that causes molar disease in shallot plants. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study identifies the type of endophytic fungi molecularly isolated from Dayak onion flowers and determine the antagonistic effect of the endophytic extract against <i>Fusarium </i>spp. screening for endophytic fungi as antagonizing agents is carried out using the poisoned food method. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that two endophytic fungi isolates were obtained from healthy Dayak onion flowers, namely, EnI which was identified with the primers ITS1 and ITS4 as <i>Fusarium solani</i> and EnK as <i>Neoscytalidium </i>sp. <i>Fusarium</i> wilt caused by pathogenic fungi was identified as <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>. The inhibitory percentage of EnI extract against the pathogenic fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was 71.09% (high inhibition percentage) and the inhibition percentage of EnK was 38.54% (low inhibition percentage). <b>Conclusion:</b> Based on the results of this study, recommend using the endophytic fungus EnI extracts (<i>Fusarium solani </i>), extracted from Dayak onion flowers to control the pathogen <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>.
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13
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Zhu J, Cao A, Wu J, Fang W, Huang B, Yan D, Wang Q, Li Y. Effects of chloropicrin fumigation combined with biochar on soil bacterial and fungal communities and Fusarium oxysporum. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 220:112414. [PMID: 34126305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chloropicrin (CP) can cause long-term damage to beneficial microbes which reduces soil health. Biochar (BC) can mitigate against the effects of CP by reducing the time for beneficial microbes to recover after CP fumigation. In this study, we used Real-Time Quantitative PCR to determine the effects of different rates of BC added to CP-fumigated soil on the speed of recovery of bacteria and fungi population and on changes to gene copy number of the target pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. And then we compared the structure and composition of the beneficial microbial community in the different treatments soil by using High throughput Illumina sequencing. As the results shown, adding 1 or 3% BC after CP fumigation accelerated the recovery of bacterial and fungal populations without increasing F. oxysporum abundance. BC also promoted the recovery of beneficial bacteria Rokubacteria and Latescibacteria damaged by CP. And these two bacteria may be related to the immunity of soil to F. oxysporum. In CP-fumigated soil, BC improved the disease resistance of the soil by increasing beneficial microbes, such as Steroidobacter, Sphingomonas, Purpureocillium and Mortierella. This combination of CP and BC is a new concept that could encourages the development of a healthy and sustainable soil ecosystems while controlling plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zhu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aocheng Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiajia Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Rabaaoui A, Dall’Asta C, Righetti L, Susca A, Logrieco AF, Namsi A, Gdoura R, Werbrouck SPO, Moretti A, Masiello M. Phylogeny and Mycotoxin Profile of Pathogenic Fusarium Species Isolated from Sudden Decline Syndrome and Leaf Wilt Symptoms on Date Palms ( Phoenix dactylifera) in Tunisia. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070463. [PMID: 34209422 PMCID: PMC8310299 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017–2018, extensive symptoms of sudden decline and fruit rot were observed on date palms in southern Tunisia. Samples of diseased plants were randomly collected in six localities. Based on morphological identification, Fusarium was the most frequent fungal genus detected. A sequencing of translation elongation factor, calmodulin, and second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II genes was used to identify 63 representative Fusarium strains at species level and investigate their phylogenetic relationships. The main species detected was Fusarium proliferatum, and at a much lesser extent, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Fusarium caatingaense, Fusarium clavum, Fusarium incarnatum, and Fusarium solani. Pathogenicity on the Deglet Nour variety plantlets and the capability to produce mycotoxins were also assessed. All Fusarium species were pathogenic complying Koch’s postulates. Fusarium proliferatum strains produced mainly fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA), and, to a lesser extent, enniatins (ENNs) and moniliformin (MON). All F. brachygibbosum strains produced low levels of BEA, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol; two strains produced also T-2 toxin, and a single strain produced HT-2 toxin. Fusarium caatingaense, F. clavum, F. incarnatum produced only BEA. Fusarium solani strains produced MON, BEA, and ENNs. This work reports for the first time a comprehensive multidisciplinary study of Fusarium species on date palms, concerning both phytopathological and food safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Rabaaoui
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (S.P.O.W.)
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, University Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Chiara Dall’Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; (C.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Antonia Susca
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.F.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonio Francesco Logrieco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.F.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Ahmed Namsi
- Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, Centre Régional de Recherches en Agriculture Oasienne, Degache 2260, Tunisia;
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health, Department of Biology, University Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Stefaan P. O. Werbrouck
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (A.R.); (S.P.O.W.)
| | - Antonio Moretti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.F.L.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Masiello
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR-ISPA, Via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.S.); (A.F.L.); (M.M.)
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15
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Verheecke-Vaessen C, Garcia-Cela E, Lopez-Prieto A, Osk Jonsdottir I, Medina A, Magan N. Water and temperature relations of Fusarium langsethiae strains and modelling of growth and T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxin production on oat-based matrices. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 348:109203. [PMID: 33930835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the UK and Northern Europe, ripening oats can become contaminated with T-2 and HT-2 mycotoxins, produced mainly by Fusarium langsethiae. There are indicative levels related to the maximum limits for oat grain for these toxins. The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of interacting conditions of temperature (10-30 °C) and water activity (aw, 0.995-0.90) on (a) lag times prior to growth, (b) growth and (c) T-2 and HT-2 toxins by two strains of F. langsethiae isolated from oats in the UK and compare this with the type strain (Fl201059) which has been genomically sequenced, and (d) develop (and validated with published data) a probabilistic models for impacts of temperature × aw on growth and toxin production. All three strains had an optimum aw range and temperature of 0.995-0.98 and 25 °C for growth. For T-2 + HT-2 production these were 0.995 aw and 20 °C. Overall, the type strain produced higher amounts of T-2 + HT-2 with a HT-2/T-2 ratio of up to 76. Using this study data sets and those from the literature, probabilistic models were developed and validated for growth and T-2 + HT-2 toxin production in relation to temperature × aw conditions. These models, when applied in stored oats, will be beneficial in determining the conditions on the relative level of risk of contamination with these two toxins in the context of the EU indicative maximum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK; Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL109AB, UK
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Prieto
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK; Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, Centro de Investigación Tecnológico Industrial (MTI), University of Vigo, Campus As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Inga Osk Jonsdottir
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Environment and AgriFood Theme, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Beds. MK43 0AL, UK
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Tralamazza SM, Piacentini KC, Savi GD, Carnielli-Queiroz L, de Carvalho Fontes L, Martins CS, Corrêa B, Rocha LO. Wild rice (O. latifolia) from natural ecosystems in the Pantanal region of Brazil: Host to Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex and highly contaminated by zearalenone. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 345:109127. [PMID: 33689972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the mycobiota diversity and mycotoxin levels present in wild rice (Oryza latifolia) from the Pantanal region of Brazil; fundamental aspects of which are severely understudied as an edible plant from a natural ecosystem. We found multiple fungal species contaminating the rice samples; the most frequent genera being Fusarium, Nigrospora and Cladosporium (35.9%, 26.1% and 15%, respectively). Within the Fusarium genus, the wild rice samples were mostly contaminated by the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) (80%) along with Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (20%). Phylogenetic analysis supported multiple FIESC species and gave support to the presence of two putative new groups within the complex (LN1 and LN2). Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) chemical analysis showed that most of the isolates were DON/ZEN producers and some were defined as high ZEN producers, displaying abundant ZEN levels over DON (over 19 times more). Suggesting that ZEN likely has a key adaptive role for FIESC in wild rice (O. latifolia). Mycotoxin determination in the rice samples revealed high frequency of ZEN, and 85% of rice samples had levels >100 μg/kg; the recommended limit set by regulatory agencies. DON was only detected in 5.2% of the samples. Our data shows that FIESC species are the main source of ZEN contamination in wild rice and the excessive levels of ZEN found in the rice samples raises considerable safety concerns regarding wild rice consumption by humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Moser Tralamazza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karim Cristina Piacentini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovana Dagostim Savi
- University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Scientific and Technological Park, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Carvalho Fontes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Oliveira Rocha
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering Faculty, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Walsh ML, Meason-Smith C, Arnold C, Suchodolski JS, Scott EM. Evaluation of the ocular surface mycobiota in clinically normal horses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246537. [PMID: 33539431 PMCID: PMC7861450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is host to myriad bacterial, fungal, and viral organisms that likely influence ocular surface physiology in normal and diseased states. The ocular surface mycobiota of horses has not yet been described using NGS techniques. This study aimed to characterize the ocular surface fungal microbiota (mycobiota) in healthy horses in 2 environmental conditions (stalled versus pasture). Conjunctival swabs of both eyes were obtained from 7 adult stallions stabled in an open-air pavilion and 5 adult mares living on pasture. Genomic DNA was extracted from ocular surface swabs and sequenced using primers that target the Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the fungal genome on an Illumina platform. Sequences were processed using Quantitative Insights Into Molecular Ecology (QIIME 2.0) and taxonomy assigned with the Findley et al. 2013 ITS1 database. The most abundant genera identified were Leptosphaerulina (22.7%), unclassified Pleosporaceae (17.3%), Cladosporium (16.2%), Alternaria (9.8%), unclassified Pleosporales (4.4%), unclassified Montagnulaceae (2.9%), Fusarium (2.5%), and Pestalotiopsis (1.4%). Fungal community composition (Jaccard, R = 0.460, p = 0.001) and structure (Bray-Curtis, R = 0.811, p = 0.001) were significantly different between pastured mares and stabled stallions. The ocular surface of pastured mares had significantly increased fungal species richness and diversity compared to stabled stallions (Shannon p = 0.0224, Chao1 p = 0.0118, Observed OTUs p = 0.0241). Relative abundances of Aspergillus (p = 0.005) and Alternaria spp. (p = 0.002) were significantly increased in the mycobiota of pastured mares. This is the first report to describe the mycobiota of the equine ocular surface. Environmental factors such as housing influence the composition, structure, and richness of the equine ocular surface mycobiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Walsh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Courtney Meason-Smith
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erin M. Scott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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18
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Wang W, Wang B, Sun X, Qi X, Zhao C, Chang X, Khaskheli MI, Gong G. Symptoms and pathogens diversity of Corn Fusarium sheath rot in Sichuan Province, China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2835. [PMID: 33531583 PMCID: PMC7854677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the symptoms and pathogens diversity of corn Fusarium sheath rot (CFSR), diseased samples were collected from 21 county-level regions in 12 prefecture-level districts of Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2018 in the present study. In the field, two symptom types appeared including small black spots with a linear distribution and wet blotches with a tawny or brown color. One hundred thirty-seven Fusarium isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis (EF1-α), and Koch's postulates were also assessed. The results identified the isolates as 8 species in the Fusarium genus, including F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, F. fujikuroi, F. asiaticum, F. equiseti, F. meridionale, F. graminearum and F. oxysporum, with isolation frequencies of 30.00, 22.67, 15.33, 7.33, 6.00, 5.33, 3.33 and 1.33%, respectively. Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the dominant and subdominant species, respectively. Two or more Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were simultaneously identified at a mixed infection rate of 14.67% in the present study. The pathogenicity test results showed that F. proliferatum and F. fujikuroi exhibited the highest virulence, with average disease indices of 30.28 ± 2.87 and 28.06 ± 1.96, followed by F. equiseti and F. verticillioides, with disease indices of 21.48 ± 2.14 and 16.21 ± 1.84, respectively. Fusarium asiaticum, F. graminearum and F. meridonale showed lower virulence, with disease indices of 13.80 ± 2.07, 11.57 ± 2.40 and 13.89 ± 2.49, respectively. Finally, F. orysporum presented the lowest virulence in CFSR, with a disease index of 10.14 ± 1.20. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. fujikuroi, F. meridionale and F. asiaticum as CFSR pathogens in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Qi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Conghao Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Chiotta ML, Alaniz Zanon MS, Palazzini JM, Alberione E, Barros GG, Chulze SN. Fusarium graminearum species complex occurrence on soybean and F. graminearum sensu stricto inoculum maintenance on residues in soybean-wheat rotation under field conditions. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 130:208-216. [PMID: 32619320 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) on soybean pods, seeds and roots, including rhizoplane, during the period of soybean crop in rotation with wheat and to evaluate the FGSC dynamics on wheat and soybean residues during two soybean growing seasons in rotation with wheat, particularly F. graminearum sensu stricto (FGss). METHODS AND RESULTS Soybean roots, pods and seeds were analysed during 2012/13 and 2013/14 seasons. The morphological identification of FGSC and mycotoxin analysis was done. Crop residues were taken in both soybean season in wheat rotation and FGss were quantificated by real-time PCR. The results showed that Fusarium species, mainly FGSC, survive in a soybean crop in rotation with wheat. Isolation frequency of these species was higher on soybean pods than on seeds at R6 stage. Deoxynivalenol contamination on soybean seeds was higher in the 2013/14 season in comparison with the 2012/13 season. Low isolation levels of Fusarium species and species that did not belong to FGSC were observed in soybean root, whereas in rhizoplane a higher level was observed. Fusarium species inoculum on residues remained stable during crop succession and the FGSC were recovered from both wheat and soybean residues. Real time PCR data showed a higher DNA concentration of FGss in wheat residues in the first developmental stages of soybean plants, being the levels more significant during 2012/13 season. With regard to soybean residues collected during the wheat growing stages, an increase in DNA from anthesis until wheat harvest was observed. CONCLUSIONS In a no-till production system, the populations of FGSC can colonize wheat and soybean residues to become an inoculum source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides new data on the occurrence of FGSC populations in soybean plant and FGss on residues in soybean-wheat rotation, a cultural practice commonly used in in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Chiotta
- Instituto de Investigación sobre Research Institute on Mycology and Micotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina (CONICET), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M S Alaniz Zanon
- Instituto de Investigación sobre Research Institute on Mycology and Micotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina (CONICET), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J M Palazzini
- Instituto de Investigación sobre Research Institute on Mycology and Micotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina (CONICET), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - G G Barros
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S N Chulze
- Instituto de Investigación sobre Research Institute on Mycology and Micotoxicology (IMICO), National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Argentina (CONICET), National University of Río Cuarto (UNRC), Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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20
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Topi D, Babič J, Pavšič-Vrtač K, Tavčar-Kalcher G, Jakovac-Strajn B. Incidence of Fusarium Mycotoxins in Wheat and Maize from Albania. Molecules 2020; 26:E172. [PMID: 33396539 PMCID: PMC7796429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, ten Fusarium toxins were analysed in wheat and maize commodities from Albania. In total, 71 samples of wheat and 45 samples of maize were collected from different producing regions. The analytical procedure consisted of a simple one-step sample extraction followed by the determination of toxins using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Fusarium toxins were found in 23% of the analysed wheat samples and in 78% of maize samples. In maize samples, most often fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) were found. They were present in 76% of samples. They were detected in all positive samples except in one with concentrations ranging from 59.9 to 16,970 μg/kg. The sum of FB1 and FB2 exceeded the EU maximum permitted level (4000 μg/kg) in 31% of maize samples. In wheat samples, the only detected Fusarium mycotoxin was deoxynivalenol (DON), present in 23% of samples. In one sample with the concentration of 1916 μg/kg, the EU maximum permitted level (1250 μg/kg) was exceeded. This is the first report on the presence of Fusarium toxins in wheat and maize grains cultivated in Albania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dritan Topi
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.T.); (J.B.); (K.P.-V.); (B.J.-S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Boulevard Zogu 1, 25, 1016 Tirana, Albania
| | - Janja Babič
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.T.); (J.B.); (K.P.-V.); (B.J.-S.)
| | - Katarina Pavšič-Vrtač
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.T.); (J.B.); (K.P.-V.); (B.J.-S.)
| | - Gabrijela Tavčar-Kalcher
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.T.); (J.B.); (K.P.-V.); (B.J.-S.)
| | - Breda Jakovac-Strajn
- Institute of Food Safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.T.); (J.B.); (K.P.-V.); (B.J.-S.)
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21
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Jagannath S, Konappa N, Lokesh A, Dasegowda T, Udayashankar AC, Chowdappa S, Cheluviah M, Satapute P, Jogaiah S. Bioactive compounds guided diversity of endophytic fungi from Baliospermum montanum and their potential extracellular enzymes. Anal Biochem 2020; 614:114024. [PMID: 33245903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Muell. Arg, a medicinal plant distributed throughout India from Kashmir to peninsular-Indian region is extensively used to treat jaundice, asthma, and constipation. In the current study, 203 endophytic fungi representing twenty-nine species were isolated from tissues of B. montanum. The colonization and isolation rate of endophytes were higher in stem followed by seed, root, leaf and flower. The phytochemical analysis revealed 70% endophytic isolates showed alkaloids and flavonoids, 13% were positive for phenols, saponins and terpenoids. Further, these endophytes produced remarkable extracellular enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, phosphates, protease and lipase. The most promisive three endophytic fungi were identified by ITS region and secreted metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The GC-MS profile detected twenty-five bioactive compounds from ethyl acetate extracts. Among endophytic fungi, Trichoderma reesei isolated from flower exhibited nine bioactive compounds namely, 2-Cyclopentenone, 2-(4-chloroanilino)-4-piperidino, Oxime-methoxy-Phenyl, Methanamine N-hydroxy-N-methyl, Strychane, Cyclotetrasiloxane, Octamethyl and 1-Acetyl-20a-hydroxy-16-methylene. The endophyte, Aspergillus brasiliensis isolated from root and Fusarium oxysporum isolated from seed produced nine and seven bioactive compounds, respectively. Overall, a significant contribution of bioactive compounds was noticed from the diverse endophytic fungi associated with B. montanum and could be explored for development of novel drug with commercial values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Jagannath
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimhamurthy Konappa
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysur, 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Arpitha Lokesh
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejaswini Dasegowda
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Arakere C Udayashankar
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysur, 570 006, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Chowdappa
- Fungal Metabolites Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056, Karnataka, India
| | - Maya Cheluviah
- Department of Botany, Molecular Biology Division, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru, 560 056, Karnataka, India.
| | - Praveen Satapute
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnataka University, Dharwad, 580 003, Karnataka, India.
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Anteyi WO, Rasche F. Population genetic structure and marker-trait associations in East and West African Striga hermonthica with varying phenotypic response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae isolates Foxy-2 and FK3. Plant J 2020; 104:391-402. [PMID: 32654253 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To examine the genetic basis for the variable susceptibility of Striga hermonthica from differing zones of sub-Saharan Africa to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae (Fos) isolates Foxy-2 and FK3, 10 S. hermonthica populations from Eastern and Western Africa were phenotyped for their susceptibility response to Foxy-2 and FK3, and then genotyped with 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. There is low genetic differentiation between East African and West African S. hermonthica populations (i.e. the proportion of the total genetic variance contained in the subpopulation relative to the total genetic variance, FST = 0.012, P < 0.05), but intermediate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.143, P < 0.01) underlies the S. hermonthica groups that are differentiated by their phenotypic responses to Fos isolates. An expressed sequence tag SSR (EST-SSR) marker Y53 (P < 0.01) and a genomic SSR marker E1009 (P < 0.05) were associated with the S. hermonthica class susceptible to Foxy-2 and FK3 (group A). A divergent S. hermonthica class, consisting of groups with intermediate susceptibility to Foxy-2 (group B) and susceptibility to either FK3 (group C) or Foxy-2 (group D), showed no marker-trait association, instead demonstrated linkage disequilibrium decay. Owing to point substitutions and insertion-deletion mutations, the unique, protein-coding nucleotide sequence at the E1009 locus in group A was partly dissimilar to group B, but was totally distinct from groups C and D. These findings implied that the inconsistent effectiveness of a Fos isolate is better explained by genomic variation in S. hermonthica, rather than by S. hermonthica sampling zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Oyifioda Anteyi
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Frank Rasche
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
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Gugliuzzo A, Criscione G, Biondi A, Aiello D, Vitale A, Polizzi G, Tropea Garzia G. Seasonal changes in population structure of the ambrosia beetle Xylosandrus compactus and its associated fungi in a southern Mediterranean environment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239011. [PMID: 32915885 PMCID: PMC7485756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotic ambrosia beetles are increasing in Europe due to global trade and global warming. Among these xylomycetophagous insects, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a serious threat for several Mediterranean host plants. Carob trees growing in Sicily (Italy) have been extensively attacked by beetles leading to rapid tree decline. Although X. compactus has been found in Europe for several years, most aspects of its ecology are still unknown. We thus studied the population structure and dynamics of X. compactus, together with its twig size preference during a sampling of infested carob trees in south east Sicily. In addition, fungi associated with insects or galleries were isolated and characterized. The results showed that, in this newly-colonized environment and host plant, adult X. compactus overwinters inside twigs and starts to fly and reproduce in mid spring, completing five generations before overwintering in late fall. The mean diameter of carob twigs infested by the beetle varied significantly over the seasons, with the insect tending to infest larger twigs as season progresses. The mean number of adults/gallery was 19.21, ranging from 6 to 28. The minimum temperature significantly affected the overwintering adult mortality. Ambrosiella xylebori and Fusarium solani were the main symbionts associated with the pest in this study. Acremonium sp. was instead recorded for the first time in Europe inside X. compactus galleries. Several other fungi species were also found for the first time in association with X. compactus. Our findings provide useful insights into the sustainable management of this noxious pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gugliuzzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulio Criscione
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dalia Aiello
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Polizzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Tropea Garzia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Janssen EM, Mourits MCM, van der Fels-Klerx HJ, Lansink AGJMO. Factors underlying Dutch farmers' intentions to adapt their agronomic management to reduce Fusarium species infection in wheat. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237460. [PMID: 32911506 PMCID: PMC7482836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of wheat by Fusarium species can lead to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) and mycotoxin contamination, thereby reducing food quality and food safety, and leading to economic losses. Agronomic management through the implementation of various pre-harvest measures can reduce the probability of Fusarium spp. infection in the wheat field. To design interventions that could stimulate wheat farmers to (further) improve their agronomic management to reduce FHB, it is key to understand farmers’ behaviour towards adapting their management. The aim of this paper was to understand the intention, underlying behavioural constructs, and beliefs of Dutch wheat farmers to adapt their agronomic management to reduce FHB and mycotoxin contamination in wheat, applying the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Data were collected from 100 Dutch wheat farmers via a questionnaire. The standard TPB analysis was extended with an assessment of the robustness of the belief results to account for the statistical validity of the analysis on TPB beliefs (i.e. to address the so-called expectancy-value muddle). Forty-six percent of the farmers had a positive intention to change their management in the next 5 years. The two behavioural constructs significantly related to this intention were attitude and social norm, whereas association with the perceived behavioural control construct was insignificant indicating that farmers did not perceive any barriers to change their behaviour. Relevant attitudinal beliefs indicated specific attributes of wheat, namely yield, quality and safety (lower mycotoxin contamination). This indicates that strengthening these beliefs—by demonstrating that a change in management will result in a higher yield and quality and lower mycotoxin levels—will result in a stronger attitude and, subsequently, a higher intention to change management. Interventions to strengthen these beliefs should preferably go by the most important referents for social norms, which were the buyers and the farmer cooperatives in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. M. Janssen
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (EMJ); (MCMM)
| | - M. C. M. Mourits
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (EMJ); (MCMM)
| | - H. J. van der Fels-Klerx
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Bouajila A, Lamine M, Rahali F, Melki I, Prakash G, Ghorbel A. Pearl millet populations characterized by Fusarium prevalence, morphological traits, phenolic content, and antioxidant potential. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:4172-4181. [PMID: 32356564 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) has become increasingly attractive due to its health benefits. It is grown as food for human consumption and fodder for livestock in Africa and Asia. This study focused on five pearl millet populations from different agro-ecological zones from Tunisia, and on characterization by morphological traits, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and occurrence of Fusarium. RESULTS Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between populations for the quantitative traits. The highest grain weights occurred in the pearl millet cultivated in Zaafrana and Gergis of Tunisia. Early flowering and early maturing populations cultivated in the center (Zaafrana, Rejiche) and south (Gergis) of Tunisia tended to have a higher grain yield. The Zaafrana population showed the highest value of green fodder potentiel (number and weight of leaves/cultivar and the weight of tillers and total plant/cultivar) followed by Gergis and Rejiche. The Kelibia population showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content. Rejiche exhibited the greatest antioxidant activity. Trans-cinnamic, protocatechuic, and hydroxybenzoic acids were the major phenolic compounds in all the extracts. Three Fusarium species were identified in Tunisian pearl millet populations based on morphologic and molecular characterization. Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum occurred most frequently. The average incidence of the three Fusarium species was relatively low (<5%) in all populations. The lowest infection rate (0.1%) was recorded in the samples from Zaafrana. CONCLUSION Chemometric analysis confirmed the usefulness of the above traits for discrimination of pearl millet populations, where a considerable variation according to geographical origin and bioclimatic conditions was observed. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Bouajila
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Myriam Lamine
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - FatmaZahra Rahali
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Imen Melki
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Gangashetty Prakash
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi- Arid Tropics, Niamey, Niger
| | - Abdelwahed Ghorbel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Abstract
We hereby report a successfully salvaged eye due to mycotic keratitis by Cylindrocarpon lichenicola in a 60-year-old female from Kasaragod (Kerala). The patient came with a history of pain, photophobia and decreased vision of the right eye. The microbiological investigations of the corneal scraping revealed C. lichenicola. C. lichenicola is a soil saprophyte. Since the ulcer worsened paracentesis followed by therapeutic keratoplasty and adjunct therapy with natamycin drops, voriconazole drops and oral ketoconazole was given. We stress that evidence-based timely medical and surgical intervention helped in the restoration of the vision in an infected eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Suchitra Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajesh R Nayak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Pai
- Department of Ophthalmology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K Archana Bhat
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ang
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - K L Chew
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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Barral B, Chillet M, Doizy A, Grassi M, Ragot L, Léchaudel M, Durand N, Rose LJ, Viljoen A, Schorr-Galindo S. Diversity and Toxigenicity of Fungi that Cause Pineapple Fruitlet Core Rot. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050339. [PMID: 32455651 PMCID: PMC7291148 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of the fungi responsible for fruitlet core rot (FCR) disease in pineapple has been the subject of investigation for some time. This study describes the diversity and toxigenic potential of fungal species causing FCR in La Reunion, an island in the Indian Ocean. One-hundred-and-fifty fungal isolates were obtained from infected and healthy fruitlets on Reunion Island and exclusively correspond to two genera of fungi: Fusarium and Talaromyces. The genus Fusarium made up 79% of the isolates, including 108 F. ananatum, 10 F. oxysporum, and one F. proliferatum. The genus Talaromyces accounted for 21% of the isolated fungi, which were all Talaromyces stollii. As the isolated fungal strains are potentially mycotoxigenic, identification and quantification of mycotoxins were carried out on naturally or artificially infected diseased fruits and under in vitro cultures of potential toxigenic isolates. Fumonisins B1 and B2 (FB1-FB2) and beauvericin (BEA) were found in infected fruitlets of pineapple and in the culture media of Fusarium species. Regarding the induction of mycotoxin in vitro, F.proliferatum produced 182 mg kg⁻1 of FB1 and F. oxysporum produced 192 mg kg⁻1 of BEA. These results provide a better understanding of the causal agents of FCR and their potential risk to pineapple consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Barral
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.G.); (L.R.); (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +262-2-62-49-27-88
| | - Marc Chillet
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.G.); (L.R.); (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion, France
| | - Anna Doizy
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint-Pierre, Reunion, France;
| | - Maeva Grassi
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.G.); (L.R.); (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Laetitia Ragot
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.G.); (L.R.); (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Mathieu Léchaudel
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.G.); (L.R.); (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-97130 Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Noel Durand
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.G.); (L.R.); (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Lindy Joy Rose
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (L.J.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7600, South Africa; (L.J.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ d’Avignon, Univ de La Reunion, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (M.C.); (M.G.); (L.R.); (M.L.); (N.D.); (S.S.-G.)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lora Kopec
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Kochiieru Y, Mankevičienė A, Cesevičienė J, Semaškienė R, Dabkevičius Z, Janavičienė S. The influence of harvesting time and meteorological conditions on the occurrence of Fusarium species and mycotoxin contamination of spring cereals. J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:2999-3006. [PMID: 32052451 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to determine the influence of harvesting time and meteorological conditions on the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and mycotoxins in the grain of spring cereals. A field experiment was performed in 2016-2018 with spring oat (Avena sativa L.) and spring triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) plots. Grain samples of oat and triticale were analysed for Fusarium infection and co-contamination with mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and T-2 toxin (T-2). RESULTS Results from the three-year study showed that the occurrence of Fusarium spp. fungi and mycotoxins produced by them in spring oat and triticale grain was most influenced by the meteorological conditions at harvesting time and crop species. CONCLUSIONS It was found that in all experimental years, F. poae, F. tricinctum and F. sporotrichioides predominated in oat grains and F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum predominated in spring triticale; as a result, oat grains were more contaminated with T-2 and triticale grains with DON and ZEA. Due to the rainy harvesting period in 2017, the contamination level of Fusarium fungi of grain of both crop species was 100%, and the concentrations of DON and ZEA in the samples of spring triticale were several times higher than those set forth in the EU regulation. Co-occurrence of all three mycotoxins analysed (DON, ZEA and T-2) was identified in these samples. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Kochiieru
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Audronė Mankevičienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Cesevičienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Roma Semaškienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Zenonas Dabkevičius
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Kėdainiai, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Janavičienė
- Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of Agriculture, Kėdainiai, Lithuania
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Martínez M, Ramirez Albuquerque LD, Dinolfo MI, Biganzoli F, F Pinto V, Stenglein SA. Effects of Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination in barley (part II). J Sci Food Agric 2020; 100:3182-3191. [PMID: 32100305 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barley is one of the most sown crops in the world, with multiple uses such as human consumption, animal feed and for the malting industry. This crop is affected by different diseases, such as Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), that causes losses in yield and quality. In the last years F. graminearum and F. poae were two of the most frequently isolated species in barley grains, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction between these Fusarium species and the effects on disease parameters, grain quality and mycotoxin contamination on five barley genotypes under field conditions. RESULTS Statistical differences between Fusarium treatments for some parameters depending mainly on the year/genotype were found. The results showed that the germination process was affected by both Fusarium species. As to grain quality and the different hordein fractions, it was observed that F. graminearum affects preferentially D and C-hordeins. Different concentrations of nivalenol, deoxynivalenol and their acetylated derivatives (3-acetyl deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl deoxynivalenol (15-ADON)) were detected. CONCLUSIONS In the present work, no evidence of synergism between F. graminearum and F. poae were found regarding disease parameters and mycotoxin contamination. However, at least in the years with favorable climatic conditions to FHB development and depending on the barley genotype, a continuous monitoring is deemed necessary to prevent the negative impact on protein composition and germinative parameters © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Martínez
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-INBIOTEC-CONICET-UNCPBA-CICBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lady D Ramirez Albuquerque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María I Dinolfo
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-INBIOTEC-CONICET-UNCPBA-CICBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Biganzoli
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de Información., Facultad de Agronomía, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia F Pinto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabastian A Stenglein
- Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología (BIOLAB)-INBIOTEC-CONICET-UNCPBA-CICBA, Facultad de Agronomía, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gautier C, Pinson-Gadais L, Richard-Forget F. Fusarium Mycotoxins Enniatins: An Updated Review of Their Occurrence, the Producing Fusarium Species, and the Abiotic Determinants of Their Accumulation in Crop Harvests. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:4788-4798. [PMID: 32243758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grains and their processed food products are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins produced by the Fusarium genus. Enniatins (ENNs), which belong to the so-called "emerging mycotoxins" family, are among the most frequently found in small grain cereals. Health hazards induced by a chronic exposure to ENNs or an association of ENNs with other major mycotoxins is a risk that cannot be excluded given the current toxicological data. Thus, efforts must be pursued to define efficient control strategies to mitigate their presence in cereal grains. A key condition for achieving this aim is to gain deep and comprehensive knowledge of the factors promoting the appearance of ENNs in crop harvests. After an update of ENN occurrence data, this review surveys the scientific literature on the Fusarium species responsible for ENN contamination and covers the recent advances concerning the abiotic determinants and the genetic regulation of ENN biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gautier
- INRAE, UR 1264, Unité MycSA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Laetitia Pinson-Gadais
- INRAE, UR 1264, Unité MycSA, 71 Avenue Edouard Bourlaux, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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He J, Cheng J, Dong YL, Xie LX. [A clinical analysis of 1 414 cases of fungal keratitis]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2020; 56:286-293. [PMID: 32306621 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20190618-00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To discuss clinical features and treatments of fungal keratitis, and to provide statistical data for clinical therapy and increase the therapeutic effects. Methods: This is a retrospective case series study. An analysis was performed by collecting patients' demography features, risk factors, onset time, lab results, clinical features and treatment from 1 414 cases of fungal keratitis from January 2006 to October 2016 in Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute. Results: In the 1 414 cases (1 414 patients), 1 174 patients (83.0%) came from different areas in Shandong Province, and the rest mainly from provinces on the north of Yangtze River. The age was 40 to 60 years in 874 cases (61.4%). The onset time was often in autumn and winter. The average duration between the onset and treatment was 1 to 74 days; 942 patients (67.1%) visited our hospital in 8-30 days after the appearance of the symptoms. Corneal trauma was the most common risk factor, especially injury by plants (367 cases, 26.4%). The positive rate of direct microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide wet mounts was 96.4%. The positive rate of confocal microscopy was 89.8%. Fungi were detected in corneal ulcer scrapings and (or) diseased corneal tissues obtained during surgery from 973 patients (68.8%). Most of the fungi were Fusarium (595 cases, 61.1%), followed by Alternaria (184 cases, 18.9%) and Aspergillus (119 cases, 12.2%). There were 603 cases (42.7%) of superficial and middle stromal infiltration, 614 cases (43.4%) of deep stromal infiltration and 197 cases (13.9%) of full-thickness corneal infiltration. Diameters of the corneal ulcer lesion were mostly between 4 and 6 mm (725 cases, 51.6%), followed by<3 mm (372 cases, 26.4%) and>6 mm (302 cases, 22.0%). Hypopyon was combined in 498 cases (35.2%), corneal perforation in 34 cases (2.4%), and endophthalmitis in 58 cases (4.1%). Surgery was performed in 1 198 cases (84.8%), including penetrating keratoplasty in 416 cases (29.4%), lamellar keratoplasty in 199 cases (14.1%), and corneal ulcer debridement in 532 cases (37.6%), with an effective rate of 98.1% (408 cases), 97.0% (193 cases) and 92.8% (494 cases), respectively. Two hundred and fifteen cases (15.2%) were treated with medical therapy alone, of which 147 cases (68.4%) were cured. Fifty-six patients (3.9%) finally lost their eye balls, including 54 cases of evisceration and 2 cases of ophthalmectomy. Conclusions: Fusarium is the main causative agent of fungal keratitis in Shandong Province. Direct microscopic examination of potassium hydroxide wet mounts is a simple, rapid and effective test method. Early diagnosis can be made if the result of corneal ulcer scraping examination is positive. Antifungal drug treatments can be done in early onset time. If the drug efficacy is poor or the patient's condition gets worse, immediate surgery is the key to controlling fungal keratitis. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56:286-293).
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Affiliation(s)
- J He
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China (He Jian now work at Department of Ophthalmology, the First Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University)
| | - J Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Y L Dong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - L X Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Moura RD, de Castro LAM, Culik MP, Fernandes AAR, Fernandes PMB, Ventura JA. Culture medium for improved production of conidia for identification and systematic studies of Fusarium pathogens. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 173:105915. [PMID: 32259530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium guttiforme and Fusarium ananatum are the etiological agents of fusariosis and fruitlet core rot in pineapple, respectively, producing mycotoxins that are harmful to the health of consumers. These two fungi are morphologically similar and difficulty in obtaining macroconidia of the species limits their identification. Different types of media are available for the culture of these pathogens, but not all of them favor F. ananatum and F. guttiforme macroconidia production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a simple culture medium to improve rapid macro- and microconidia formation in both F. guttiforme and F. ananatum to facilitate taxonomic, pathogenicity and mycotoxin studies. In vitro analysis showed that basal medium with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was better than other media tested with the highest macroconidia production at 7 days of incubation. The highest production of microconidia was with synthetic nutrient medium (SN) at 7 days. F. ananatum produced a relatively high number of microconidia with one septum in comparison to F. guttiforme when cultured in CMC, which suggests an additional character useful for Fusarium taxonomy. CMC medium may serve as an improved alternative to culture media currently used in Fusarium research and contribute to further knowledge of the taxonomy and mycotoxins of Fusarium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Debacker Moura
- Biotechnology Core, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, 29043-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Adami Monteiro de Castro
- Biotechnology Core, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, 29043-910 Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Mark Paul Culik
- Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, INCAPER, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Aires Ventura
- Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, INCAPER, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Achari SR, Kaur J, Dinh Q, Mann R, Sawbridge T, Summerell BA, Edwards J. Phylogenetic relationship between Australian Fusarium oxysporum isolates and resolving the species complex using the multispecies coalescent model. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:248. [PMID: 32197583 PMCID: PMC7085163 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Fusarium oxysporum species complex (FOSC) is a ubiquitous group of fungal species readily isolated from agroecosystem and natural ecosystem soils which includes important plant and human pathogens. Genetic relatedness within the complex has been studied by sequencing either the genes or the barcoding gene regions within those genes. Phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated a great deal of diversity which is reflected in the differing number of clades identified: three, five and eight. Genetic limitation within the species in the complex has been studied through Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) analyses with varying number of phylogenetic 'species' identified ranging from two to 21. Such differing views have continued to confuse users of these taxonomies. RESULTS The phylogenetic relationships between Australian F. oxysporum isolates from both natural and agricultural ecosystems were determined using three datasets: whole genome, nuclear genes, and mitochondrial genome sequences. The phylogenies were concordant except for three isolates. There were three concordant clades from all the phylogenies suggesting similar evolutionary history for mitochondrial genome and nuclear genes for the isolates in these three clades. Applying a multispecies coalescent (MSC) model on the eight single copy nuclear protein coding genes from the nuclear gene dataset concluded that the three concordant clades correspond to three phylogenetic species within the FOSC. There was 100% posterior probability support for the formation of three species within the FOSC. This is the first report of using the MSC model to estimate species within the F. oxysporum species complex. The findings from this study were compared with previously published phylogenetics and species delimitation studies. CONCLUSION Phylogenetic analyses using three different gene datasets from Australian F. oxysporum isolates have all supported the formation of three major clades which delineated into three species. Species 2 (Clade 3) may be called F. oxysporum as it contains the neotype for F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidi R Achari
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Australia.
- La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Quang Dinh
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ross Mann
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Tim Sawbridge
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Australia
- La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett A Summerell
- Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Edwards
- AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Agriculture Victoria, Bundoora, Australia
- La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
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Shen F, Huang Y, Jiang X, Fang Y, Li P, Liu Q, Hu Q, Liu X. On-line prediction of hazardous fungal contamination in stored maize by integrating Vis/NIR spectroscopy and computer vision. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 229:118012. [PMID: 31927238 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.118012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a fusion scheme to combine visible/near infrared spectroscopy and computer vision for on-line detection of Aspergillus spp. and Fusarium spp. contamination in stored maize. Spectroscopy and image information of 270 groups of maize kernels were collected at speed of 0.15 m/s. Principal component analysis indicated fungi growth on maize could be monitored by both techniques. Spectroscopy method was found sensitive for infection level identification, while computer vision was more effective for fungal strain recognition. Linear discriminant analysis based on fusion of spectral and image features provided 100% accuracy for discrimination of samples infected by different strains after stored for 12 d, which is at least 5.6% higher than single-type features. Classification rate of samples with different infection levels achieved 92.2%, also 5.5% and 10.0% higher than single technique. Moreover, data fusion improved colony counts prediction in samples by partial least squares regression, with root mean-square error of prediction value being reduced by 25.0% and 17.4%, respectively. This study demonstrated the superiority of data fusion for fungal detection in grain during on-line processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Peng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xingquan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Witaszak N, Waśkiewicz A, Bocianowski J, Stępień Ł. Contamination of Pet Food with Mycobiota and Fusarium Mycotoxins-Focus on Dogs and Cats. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020130. [PMID: 32093088 PMCID: PMC7076849 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of pet food types are available on the market; the dominant type is dry food formulated in croquets. One of the most common ingredients of dry food are cereals—vectors of harmful mycotoxins posing the risk to pet health. In this study, 38 cat and dog dry food samples available on the Polish market were investigated. Morphological and molecular methods were applied to identify fungal genera present in pet food. Quantification of ergosterol and Fusarium mycotoxins: Fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and zearalenone were performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Obtained results indicated five genera of mycotoxigenic fungi: Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., and Fusarium sp., including Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferatum. Ergosterol and mycotoxins of interest were detected in both cat and dog food samples in the amounts ranging from 0.31 to 4.05 µg/g for ergosterol and 0.3–30.3, 1.2–618.4, 29.6–299.0, and 12.3–53.0 ng/g for zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, and fumonisin B1, respectively. The conclusion is the presence of mycotoxins in levels much lower than recommended by EU regulations does not eliminate the risk and caution is advised concerning that long-term daily intake of even small doses of mycotoxins can slowly damage pet’s health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Witaszak
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-6550-237
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Scienses, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Stępień
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznań, Poland;
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Gambino D, Persichetti MF, Gentile A, Arculeo M, Visconti G, Currò V, Caracappa G, Crucitti D, Piazza A, Mancianti F, Nardoni S, Vicari D, Caracappa S. First data on microflora of loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta) nests from the coastlines of Sicily. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio045252. [PMID: 31915211 PMCID: PMC6994955 DOI: 10.1242/bio.045252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Caretta caretta is threatened by many dangers in the Mediterranean basin, but most are human-related. The purposes of this research were: (i) to investigate microflora in samples from six loggerhead sea turtle nests located on the Sicilian coast and (ii) to understand microbial diversity associated with nests, with particular attention to bacteria and fungi involved in failed hatchings. During the 2016 and 2018 summers, 456 eggs and seven dead hatchling from six nests were collected. We performed bacteriological and mycological analyses on 88 egg samples and seven dead hatchlings, allowing us to isolate: Fusarium spp. (80.6%), Aeromonas hydrophila (55.6%), Aspergillus spp. (27.2%) and Citrobacter freundii (9%). Two Fusarium species were identified by microscopy and were confirmed by PCR and internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between nests and the presence/absence of microflora, whereas no significant differences were observed between eggs and nests. This is the first report that catalogues microflora from C . caretta nests/eggs in the Mediterranean Sea and provides key information on potential pathogens that may affect hatching success. Moreover, our results suggest the need for wider investigations over extensive areas to identify other microflora, and to better understand hatching failures and mortality related to microbial contamination in this important turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Gambino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Maria Flaminia Persichetti
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale sul benessere, monitoraggio e diagnostica delle malattie delle tartarughe marine, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Antonino Gentile
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale sul benessere, monitoraggio e diagnostica delle malattie delle tartarughe marine, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Marco Arculeo
- Università di Palermo, Dipartimento STEBICEF, Via Archirafi 28, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Giulia Visconti
- Area Marina Protetta Isole Pelagie, Via Cameroni, 92031 Lampedusa (AG), Italy
| | - Vittoria Currò
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Giulia Caracappa
- Centro Recupero Fauna Selvatica Bosco di Ficuzza, Via del Bosco 1, Ficuzza di Corleone (PA) 90034, Italy
| | - Daniela Crucitti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Antonio Piazza
- Centro di Referenza Nazionale sul benessere, monitoraggio e diagnostica delle malattie delle tartarughe marine, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Domenico Vicari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia "A. Mirri", Area Territoriale Palermo, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, Palermo 90129, Italy
| | - Santo Caracappa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina 98100, Italy
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Ganesan A, Shaikh F, Bradley W, Blyth DM, Bennett D, Petfield JL, Carson ML, Wells JM, Tribble DR. Classification of Trauma-Associated Invasive Fungal Infections to Support Wound Treatment Decisions. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 25. [PMID: 31441428 PMCID: PMC6711217 DOI: 10.3201/eid2509.190168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proposed classification, based on diagnostic certainty, provides a framework for determining initial empiric and subsequent targeted therapy. To evaluate a classification system to support clinical decisions for treatment of contaminated deep wounds at risk for an invasive fungal infection (IFI), we studied 246 US service members (413 wounds) injured in Afghanistan (2009–2014) who had laboratory evidence of fungal infection. A total of 143 wounds with persistent necrosis and laboratory evidence were classified as IFI; 120 wounds not meeting IFI criteria were classified as high suspicion (patients had localized infection signs/symptoms and had received antifungal medication for >10 days), and 150 were classified as low suspicion (failed to meet these criteria). IFI patients received more blood than other patients and had more severe injuries than patients in the low-suspicion group. Fungi of the order Mucorales were more frequently isolated from IFI (39%) and high-suspicion (21%) wounds than from low-suspicion (9%) wounds. Wounds that did not require immediate antifungal therapy lacked necrosis and localized signs/symptoms of infection and contained fungi from orders other than Mucorales.
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Abstract
Melons are perishable fruit of high food safety risk, grown in contact with soil and soil-borne organisms. To assess whether food safety risk could be augmented by the presence of soil-borne fungi, this study investigated the relationship between Fusarium spp. that were isolated from the surface of melon and the foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica. In four repeated trials, rind discs from cultivars, Arava, Athena, Dulce Nectar, Jaune de Canaries, and Sivan fruit, grown in the field and in high tunnels in Maryland were inoculated separately with Fusarium isolates, F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. armeniacum, and F. proliferatum, with no Fusarium inoculation serving as a control and incubated at 25°C. Salmonella Newport was inoculated onto melon discs 4 d post-Fusarium inoculation and recovered 24 h later. Melon cultivar impacted the retrieval of Salmonella Newport. In all four replicated experiments, one or more of the netted varieties, Arava, Athena, and Sivan, yielded higher Salmonella Newport counts than one or both smooth-rind melons, Jaune de Canaries and Dulce Nectar (p < 0.05). Fusarium inoculation did not have a marked impact on Salmonella retrieval. The average Salmonella count recovered was 5.0 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL for both Fusarium-inoculated and uninoculated melons. However, in one trial, Salmonella Newport counts recovered from F. fujikuroi-inoculated melons were higher than all other treatments (8.6 log CFU/mL; p < 0.001), due to high levels of Salmonella recovered from Jaune de Canaries compared with other experiments. The food safety risk of melon did not appear to be enhanced by postharvest colonization with saprophytic Fusarium spp. However, melons with netted rinds appeared to favor Salmonella colonization compared with smooth melons. Choice of melon cultivar may be an important consideration in reducing Salmonella colonization risk in areas where Salmonella may be endemic in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Korir
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Kathryne L Everts
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Lower Eastern Shore Research and Education Center, University of Maryland, Salisbury, Maryland
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
- Center for Produce Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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Ray M, Achary KG, Nayak S, Singh S. Development of a colloidal gold strip-based immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of Fusarium oxysporum in ginger. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:6155-6166. [PMID: 31206685 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhizome rot, caused primarily by Fusarium oxysporum, is one of the most destructive diseases leading to significant loss in ginger worldwide. The loss can be greatly reduced by proper disease management practices steered by accurate and early diagnosis of pathogens. Pathogen detection at an early stage of infection can also reduce the incidence of disease epidemics. Classical methods are often time consuming, relying on culturing the putative pathogens and the availability of expert taxonomic skills for accurate identification, which leads to the delayed application of control measures. The development of a simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective point-of-care diagnostic tool is thus one of the major research priorities for rhizome rot. RESULTS The 65 kDa, immunoreactive protein band was selected as a diagnostic marker and was subjected to MS analysis followed by blastp. Based on blast result, a synthetic antigenic peptide was synthesized, and used to generate pAbs. The peptide-specific antibodies were used to develop a colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (ICA). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ICA were 92.59%, 81.25%, and 90%, respectively. The ICA has a visual detection limit of 2.122 μg mL-1 for infected rhizome samples and 5.065 μg mL-1 for leaf samples with optimal detection time within 5 min. Moreover, the ICA also detected early stage infected samples, of which 71.42% (50/70) were true positives. CONCLUSION Findings from this study indicated that the assay can be utilized as a tool for the investigation of rhizome rot infection in field samples. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Ray
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - K Gopinath Achary
- Centre for Biotechnology, Imgenex India Pvt. Ltd, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Shikha Singh
- Department of Monoclonal Antibody, Rama Devi Women's University, Bhubaneswar, India
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Zhang P, Yuan XL, Du YM, Zhang HB, Shen GM, Zhang ZF, Liang YJ, Zhao DL, Xu K. Angularly Prenylated Indole Alkaloids with Antimicrobial and Insecticidal Activities from an Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sambucinum TE-6L. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:11994-12001. [PMID: 31618578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided isolation of the endophytic fungus Fusarium sambucinum TE-6L residing in Nicotiana tabacum L. led to the discovery of two new angularly prenylated indole alkaloids (PIAs) with pyrano[2,3-g]indole moieties, amoenamide C (1) and sclerotiamide B (2), and four known biosynthetic congeners (3-6). Their structures were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques, electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 containing the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane core and indoxyl unit is rarely reported. All the compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and insecticidal activities. Notably, compounds 1-3 showed potent inhibitory effects against three human- and one plant-pathogenic bacterium, and seven plant-pathogenic fungi. Compounds 2-4 also exhibited remarkable larvicidal activity against first instar larvae of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera with mortality rates of 70.2%, 83.2%, and 70.5%, respectively. Further toxicity tests on zebrafish embryos were performed to evaluate the potential toxicity of PIAs. Of significance was that compound 3 in particular exhibited the highest activities but the lowest effects on the hatching of embryos among all the compounds. This study provides a basis for understanding developmental toxicity of PIAs exposure to zebrafish embryos, and also indicates the potential environmental risks of other natural compounds exposure in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Mei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Bao Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ming Shen
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Feng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jun Liang
- College of Marine Life Sciences , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Lin Zhao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Qingdao 266101 , People's Republic of China
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Caicedo NH, Davalos AF, Puente PA, Rodríguez AY, Caicedo PA. Antioxidant activity of exo-metabolites produced by Fusarium oxysporum: An endophytic fungus isolated from leaves of Otoba gracilipes. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e903. [PMID: 31297981 PMCID: PMC6813440 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical ecosystems hold an extremely diverse array of endophytic fungi, but their potential use still remains to be explored. In this study, we isolated an endophytic fungus from the leaves of Otoba gracilipes, a medicinal tree from a tropical rainforest in Colombia. Following isolation and cultivation, we evaluated its extracellular crude extract for antioxidant activity. Using traditional and molecular methods (ITS1, NL1 regions), the endophyte was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. Fresh spores from the fungal isolate were inoculated in liquid media (potato dextrose broth [PDB] and potato dextrose-yeast extract broth [PDYB]) and centrifuged for recovering extracellular polysaccharides from the exhausted medium after 30 days of cultivation. Crude extracts were recovered, purified, lyophilized, and evaluated for their ability to inactivate the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extracts obtained from PDB culture media had a 51.5% of scavenging effect on DPPH after 5 min of reaction compared with the extracts from PDBY (26.4%), which suggests a high antioxidant potential of these fungal extracts. Thus, our results suggest other fungi from tropical ecosystems should be explored as potential sources of novel enzymes and other metabolites with bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson H. Caicedo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Engineering FacultyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
| | - Andres F. Davalos
- Department of BiologyNatural Science FacultyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
| | - Paula A. Puente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Science FacusltyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
| | - Ana Y. Rodríguez
- Program of Medicine, Health SciencesUniversity UPTCTunjaColombia
| | - Paola A. Caicedo
- Department of BiologyNatural Science FacultyUniversidad IcesiCaliColombia
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Alisaac E, Behmann J, Rathgeb A, Karlovsky P, Dehne HW, Mahlein AK. Assessment of Fusarium Infection and Mycotoxin Contamination of Wheat Kernels and Flour Using Hyperspectral Imaging. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100556. [PMID: 31546581 PMCID: PMC6832122 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics in wheat and contamination with Fusarium mycotoxins has become an increasing problem over the last decades. This prompted the need for non-invasive and non-destructive techniques to screen cereal grains for Fusarium infection, which is usually accompanied by mycotoxin contamination. This study tested the potential of hyperspectral imaging to monitor the infection of wheat kernels and flour with three Fusarium species. Kernels of two wheat varieties inoculated at anthesis with F. graminearum, F. culmorum, and F. poae were investigated. Hyperspectral images of kernels and flour were taken in the visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) (400–1000 nm) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) (1000–2500 nm) ranges. The fungal DNA and mycotoxin contents were quantified. Spectral reflectance of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) was significantly higher than non-inoculated ones. In contrast, spectral reflectance of flour from non-inoculated kernels was higher than that of FDK in the VIS and lower in the NIR and SWIR ranges. Spectral reflectance of kernels was positively correlated with fungal DNA and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents. In the case of the flour, this correlation exceeded r = −0.80 in the VIS range. Remarkable peaks of correlation appeared at 1193, 1231, 1446 to 1465, and 1742 to 2500 nm in the SWIR range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Alisaac
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan Behmann
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anna Rathgeb
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, University of Goettingen, Grisebachstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Wilhelm Dehne
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Anne-Katrin Mahlein
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research (IfZ), Holtenser Landstraße 77, 37079 Goettingen, Germany.
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Oufensou S, Scherm B, Pani G, Balmas V, Fabbri D, Dettori MA, Carta P, Malbrán I, Migheli Q, Delogu G. Honokiol, magnolol and its monoacetyl derivative show strong anti-fungal effect on Fusarium isolates of clinical relevance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221249. [PMID: 31483823 PMCID: PMC6726233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The antifungal activity of magnolol and honokiol, two naturally occurring hydroxylated biphenyls, and of their synthetic derivatives was evaluated on a collection of representative isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and F. verticillioides of clinical and ecological concern. The tested compounds were proposed as a ‘natural’ alternative to conventional fungicides, even though a larger range of concentrations (5–400 μg/ml) was applied. The activity of magnolol and honokiol was compared with that of terbinafine (0.1–10 μg/ml), and fluconazole (1–50 μg/ml), two fungicides widely used in treating fungal infections on humans. Magnolol showed similar fungicidal activity compared to fluconazole, whereas honokiol was more effective in inhibiting mycelium growth compared to this fungicide on all tested clinical Fusarium spp. isolates. Compared to terbinafine, honokiol showed similar antifungal activity when tested on clinical F. solani isolates, whereas magnolol was less effective at all selected concentrations (5–400 μg/ml). The different position of the phenol-OH group, as well as its protection, explain different in vitro activities between magnolol, honokiol, and their derivatives. Furthermore, magnolol showed mycelium dry weight reduction at a concentration of 0.5 mM when tested on a set of agricultural isolates of Fusaria, leading to complete inhibition of some of them. Magnolol and honokiol are proposed as efficient and safe candidates for treating clinically relevant Fusaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Barbara Scherm
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pani
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (VB);,(GD)
| | - Davide Fabbri
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paola Carta
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ismael Malbrán
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)—Centro de Investigaciones de Fitopatología (CIDEFI-CIC-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata–Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Sezione di Patologia Vegetale ed Entomologia and Unità di Ricerca Istituto Nazionale di Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail: (VB);,(GD)
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Bell AA, Gu A, Olvey J, Wagner TA, Tashpulatov JJ, Prom S, Quintana J, Nichols RL, Liu J. Detection and Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum VCG0114 (Race 4) Isolates of Diverse Geographic Origins. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1998-2009. [PMID: 31188737 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-18-1624-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly virulent cotton wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum VCG0114 (race 4) was found in West Texas in 2017, after being known in California since 2001. Isolates obtained from wilted plants collected in 2017 from Texas, in 2015 from China, and during 2001 to 2014 from California and isolates from historical collections including the race 4 reference isolate were characterized by soil-infestation pathogenicity assays, DNA sequence analysis, and vegetative compatibility analysis. All obtained F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates belonged to VCG0114. All of these isolates, except one isolate from China, caused disease in a soil-infestation assay without nematodes. Thus, they belong to the nematode-independent pathotype. Texas isolates were significantly more virulent than were isolates from China or California on Gossypium barbadense 'Pima S-7'. Four different genotypes (N, T, MT, and MiT) were identified based on the transposable element Tfo1 insertion into the PHO gene and independent MULE or MITE insertions into the Tfo1 transposon. Some significant differences in virulence were detected among the genotypes in some locations. No differences in pathogenicity were observed between the California and China collection isolates on Pima S-7, and the virulence of the major genotypes was similar on the Gossypium hirsutum cultivar 'Stoneville 474' or the Barbren 713 germplasm line. Simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were developed to specifically determine and detect the four genotypes within VCG0114. A specific PCR method to detect all VCG0114 isolates was also developed. These methods will facilitate the timely identification of infested fields and seed lots and the elucidation of evolutionary relationships among the isolates. This should help to closely monitor the movement of the pathogen and reduce dissemination of these devastating pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois A Bell
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Aixing Gu
- 2Department of Plant Pathology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jim Olvey
- 3O&A Enterprises, Maricopa, AZ 85139
| | - Tanya A Wagner
- 4Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Javlon J Tashpulatov
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Sandria Prom
- 4Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Jose Quintana
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | | | - Jinggao Liu
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
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Bell AA, Gu A, Olvey J, Wagner TA, Tashpulatov JJ, Prom S, Quintana J, Nichols RL, Liu J. Detection and Characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum VCG0114 (Race 4) Isolates of Diverse Geographic Origins. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1998-2009. [PMID: 31188737 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-17-1084-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A highly virulent cotton wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum VCG0114 (race 4) was found in West Texas in 2017, after being known in California since 2001. Isolates obtained from wilted plants collected in 2017 from Texas, in 2015 from China, and during 2001 to 2014 from California and isolates from historical collections including the race 4 reference isolate were characterized by soil-infestation pathogenicity assays, DNA sequence analysis, and vegetative compatibility analysis. All obtained F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates belonged to VCG0114. All of these isolates, except one isolate from China, caused disease in a soil-infestation assay without nematodes. Thus, they belong to the nematode-independent pathotype. Texas isolates were significantly more virulent than were isolates from China or California on Gossypium barbadense 'Pima S-7'. Four different genotypes (N, T, MT, and MiT) were identified based on the transposable element Tfo1 insertion into the PHO gene and independent MULE or MITE insertions into the Tfo1 transposon. Some significant differences in virulence were detected among the genotypes in some locations. No differences in pathogenicity were observed between the California and China collection isolates on Pima S-7, and the virulence of the major genotypes was similar on the Gossypium hirsutum cultivar 'Stoneville 474' or the Barbren 713 germplasm line. Simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods were developed to specifically determine and detect the four genotypes within VCG0114. A specific PCR method to detect all VCG0114 isolates was also developed. These methods will facilitate the timely identification of infested fields and seed lots and the elucidation of evolutionary relationships among the isolates. This should help to closely monitor the movement of the pathogen and reduce dissemination of these devastating pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alois A Bell
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Aixing Gu
- 2Department of Plant Pathology, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jim Olvey
- 3O&A Enterprises, Maricopa, AZ 85139
| | - Tanya A Wagner
- 4Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Javlon J Tashpulatov
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Sandria Prom
- 4Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845
| | - Jose Quintana
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
| | | | - Jinggao Liu
- 1Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, College Station, TX 77845
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Zhang Y, Pei F, Fang Y, Li P, Xia J, Sun L, Zou Y, Shen F, Hu Q. Interactions among Fungal Community, Fusarium Mycotoxins, and Components of Harvested Wheat under Simulated Storage Conditions. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:8411-8418. [PMID: 31246458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Economic loss of postharvest wheat under poor storage conditions due to fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination is severe. In order to study the influencing factors of the aggravation of mildew in natural wheat during storage, we assessed changes in Fusarium mycotoxins by high performance liquid chromatography, changes in fungal communities by high-throughput sequencing, and changes in biochemical components in wheat stored under artificial simulation conditions. Deoxynivalenol was the dominant Fusarium mycotoxin, reaching 1103 μg/kg at 25 °C with 75% relative humidity after 30 weeks. Under these conditions, Fusarium dominated the fungal communities, and Fusarium graminearum was significantly negatively correlated with glutenin (p < 0.05). Low storage temperatures and low humidity result in lower levels of Fusarium mycotoxins. Different fungi tended to consume different wheat components, and the interaction between environmental and biological factors eventually leads to the deterioration of wheat quality. These findings might provide valuable information for control strategies of mildew occurrence during grain storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Fei Pei
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ji Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lei Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yanyu Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing , Nanjing 210023 , China
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Petkar A, Harris-Shultz K, Wang H, Brewer MT, Sumabat L, Ji P. Genetic and phenotypic diversity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum populations from watermelon in the southeastern United States. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219821. [PMID: 31318912 PMCID: PMC6638948 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), occurs worldwide and is responsible for substantial yield losses in watermelon-producing areas of the southeastern United States. Management of this disease largely relies on the use of integrated pest management (i.e., fungicides, resistant cultivars, crop rotation, etc.). Knowledge about race structure and genetic diversity of FON in the southeastern US is limited. To determine genetic diversity of the pathogen, FON isolates were collected from symptomatic watermelon plants in commercial fields in Georgia and Florida, USA, and identified based on morphological characteristics and PCR analysis using FON-specific primers. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) of 99 isolates genotyped with 15 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers grouped the isolates in eight distinct clusters with two prominent clusters (clusters 1 and 8). Cluster 1 consisted of a total of 14 isolates, out of which 85.7% of the isolates were collected in Florida. However, most of the isolates (92.4%) in cluster 8 were collected in Georgia. Both DAPC and pairwise population differentiation analysis (ФPT) revealed that the genetic groups were closely associated with geographical locations of pathogen collection. Three races of FON (races 0, 2 and 3) were identified in the phenotypic analysis; with race 3 identified for the first time in Georgia. Overall, 5.1%, 38.9% and 55.9% of the isolates were identified as race 0, race 2 and race 3, respectively. The majority of the isolates in cluster 1 and cluster 8 belonged to either race 2 (35.6%) or race 3 (45.8%). Additionally, no relationship between genetic cluster assignment and races of the isolates was observed. The information obtained on genotypic and phenotypic diversity of FON in the southeastern US will help in development of effective disease management programs to combat Fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Petkar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Karen Harris-Shultz
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hongliang Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Marin Talbot Brewer
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Leilani Sumabat
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Pingsheng Ji
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tian X, Wang D, Mao Z, Pan L, Liao J, Cai Z. Infection of Plasmodiophora brassicae changes the fungal endophyte community of tumourous stem mustard roots as revealed by high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214975. [PMID: 31188828 PMCID: PMC6561537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse fungal endophytes live in plants and are shaped by some abiotic and biotic stresses. Plant disease as particular biotic stress possibly gives an impact on the communities of fungal endophytes. In this study, clubroot disease caused by an obligate biotroph protist, Plasmodiophora brassicae, was considered to analyze its influence on the fungal endophyte community using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) through high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent methods. The results showed that the diversity of the endophyte community in the healthy roots was much higher than the clubroots. Ascomycota was the dominant group of endophytes (Phoma, Mortierella, Penicillium, etc.) in the healthy roots while P. brassicae was the dominant taxon in the clubroots. Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) indicated significant differences between the endophyte communities in the healthy roots and clubroots. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) analysis showed that the dominant genera could be regarded as potential biomarkers. The endophyte community in the healthy roots had a more complex network compared with the clubroots. Also, many plant pathogenic Fusarium were isolated from the clubroots by the culture-dependent method. The outcome of this study illustrates that P. brassicae infection may change the fungal endophyte community associated with the roots of tumourous stem mustard and facilitates the entry of soil pathogen into the roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Tian
- Henan institute of science and technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | | | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetable and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Pan
- Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Zhaoming Cai
- Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, China
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