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Bouissil S, Guérin C, Roche J, Dubessay P, El Alaoui-Talibi Z, Pierre G, Michaud P, Mouzeyar S, Delattre C, El Modafar C. Induction of Defense Gene Expression and the Resistance of Date Palm to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Albedinis in Response to Alginate Extracted from Bifurcaria bifurcata. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:88. [PMID: 35200618 PMCID: PMC8876945 DOI: 10.3390/md20020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In many African countries, the Bayoud is a common disease spread involving the fungus Fusarium oxusporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa). The induction of plant natural defenses through the use of seaweed polysaccharides to help plants against pathogens is currently a biological and ecological approach that is gaining more and more importance. In the present study, we used alginate, a natural polysaccharide extracted from a brown algae Bifurcaria bifurcata, to activate date palm defenses, which involve phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism. The results obtained showed that at low concentration (1 g·L-1), alginate stimulated PAL activity in date palm roots 5 times more compared to the negative control (water-treated) after 24 h following treatment and 2.5 times more compared to the laminarin used as a positive stimulator of plant natural defenses (positive control of induction). Using qRT-PCR, the expression of a selection of genes involved in three different levels of defense mechanisms known to be involved in response to biotic stresses were investigated. The results showed that, generally, the PAL gene tested and the genes encoding enzymes involved in early oxidative events (SOD and LOX) were overexpressed in the alginate-treated plants compared to their levels in the positive and negative controls. POD and PR protein genes selected encoding β-(1,3)-glucanases and chitinases in this study did not show any significant difference between treatments; suggesting that other genes encoding POD and PR proteins that were not selected may be involved. After 17 weeks following the inoculation of the plants with the pathogen Foa, treatment with alginate reduced the mortality rate by up to 80% compared to the rate in control plants (non-elicited) and plants pretreated with laminarin, which agrees with the induction of defense gene expression and the stimulation of natural defenses in date palm with alginate after 24 h. These results open promising prospects for the use of alginate in agriculture as an inducer that triggers immunity of plants against telluric pathogens in general and of date palm against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Bouissil
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Claire Guérin
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Jane Roche
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Said Mouzeyar
- UMR 1095 GDEC INRA-Université Clermont-Auvergne, 1 Impasse Amélie Murat, 63178 Aubière, France; (C.G.); (J.R.); (S.M.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (G.P.); (C.D.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
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Dalal SR, Hussein MH, El-Naggar NEA, Mostafa SI, Shaaban-Dessuuki SA. Characterization of alginate extracted from Sargassum latifolium and its use in Chlorella vulgaris growth promotion and riboflavin drug delivery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16741. [PMID: 34408229 PMCID: PMC8373903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96202-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginates derived from macroalgae have been widely used in a variety of applications due to their stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Alginate was extracted from Egyptian Sargassum latifolium thallus yielding 17.5% w/w. The chemical composition of S. latifolium is rich in total sugars (41.08%) and uronic acids (47.4%); while, proteins, lipids and sulfates contents are 4.61, 1.13 and 0.09%, respectively. NMR, FTIR and TGA analyses were also performed. Crystallinity index (0.334) indicates alginate semicrystalline nature. Sodium alginate hydrolysate was evaluated as Chlorella vulgaris growth promoter. The highest stimulation (0.7 g/L biomass) was achieved by using 0.3 g/L alginate hydrolysate supplementation. The highest total soluble proteins and total carbohydrates were 179.22 mg/g dry wt and 620.33 mg/g dry wt, respectively. The highest total phenolics content (27.697 mg/g dry wt.), guaiacol peroxidase activity (2.899 µmol min-1 g-1) were recorded also to 0.3 g/L alginate hydrolysate supplementation. Riboflavin-entrapped barium alginate-Arabic gum polymeric matrix (beads) was formulated to achieve 89.15% optimum drug entrapment efficiency (EE%). All formulations exhibited prolonged riboflavin release over 120 min in simulated gastric fluid, followed Higuchi model (R2 = 0.962-0.887) and Korsmeyer-Peppas model with Fickian release (n ranges from 0.204 to 0.3885).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa R Dalal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mervat H Hussein
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noura El-Ahmady El-Naggar
- Department of Bioprocess Development, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Sahar I Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H, Torres MD. Functional Features of Alginates Recovered from Himanthalia elongata Using Subcritical Water Extraction. Molecules 2021; 26:4726. [PMID: 34443312 PMCID: PMC8402157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcritical water extraction of Himanthalia elongata and the subsequent acetone fractionation to precipitate crude fucoidans generated a liquid phase which was used to recover alginates with a wide range of viscoelastic features and other soluble extracts with potential biological activities. The precipitated alginate was converted to sodium alginate using an environmentally friendly treatment before being characterized by Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance, nuclear magnetic resonance, high performance size exclusion chromatography and rheological measurements. The cell viability of three human cell lines (A549, HCT-116, T98G) in the presence of the extracts obtained before and after acetone fractionation was assessed. Fractionation with different acetone volumes showed a slight effect in the behavior of the different tested cell lines. Results also indicated a notable effect of the processing conditions on the block structure and molar mass of the extracted biopolymer, with the subsequent impact on the rheological properties of the corresponding gelled matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.F.-F.); (M.D.T.)
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Prasathkumar M, Sadhasivam S. Chitosan/Hyaluronic acid/Alginate and an assorted polymers loaded with honey, plant, and marine compounds for progressive wound healing-Know-how. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:656-685. [PMID: 34271047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials are being extensively used in regenerative medicine including tissue engineering applications, as these enhance tissue development, repair, and help in the process of angiogenesis. Wound healing is a crucial biological process of regeneration of ruptured tissue after getting injury to the skin and other soft tissue in humans and animals. Besides, the accumulation of microbial biofilms around the wound surface can increase the risk and physically obstruct the wound healing activity, and may even lead to amputation. Hence, in both acute and chronic wounds, prominent biomaterials are required for wound healing along with antimicrobial agents. This review comprehensively addresses the antimicrobial and wound healing effects of chitosan, chitin, cellulose acetate, hyaluronic acid, pullulan, bacterial cellulose, fibrin, alginate, etc. based wound dressing biomaterials fabricated with natural resources such as honey, plant bioactive compounds, and marine-based polymers. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, bioactive compounds derived from honey, plants, and marine resources are commonly used in biomedical and tissue engineering applications. Different types of polymer-based biomaterials including hydrogel, film, scaffold, nanofiber, and sponge dressings fabricated with bioactive agents including honey, curcumin, tannin, quercetin, andrographolide, gelatin, carrageenan, etc., can exhibit significant wound healing process in, diabetic wounds, diabetic ulcers, and burns, and help in cartilage repair along with good biocompatibility and antimicrobial effects. Among the reviewed biomaterials, carbohydrate polymers such as chitosan-based biomaterials are prominent and widely used for wound healing applications followed by hyaluronic acid and alginate-based biomaterials loaded with honey, plant, and marine compounds. This review first provides an overview of the vast natural resources used to formulate different biomaterials for the treatment of antimicrobial, acute, and chronic wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Prasathkumar
- Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| | - Subramaniam Sadhasivam
- Biomaterials and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India; Department of Extension and Career Guidance, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India.
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Mohd Fauziee NA, Chang LS, Wan Mustapha WA, Md Nor AR, Lim SJ. Functional polysaccharides of fucoidan, laminaran and alginate from Malaysian brown seaweeds (Sargassum polycystum, Turbinaria ornata and Padina boryana). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 167:1135-1145. [PMID: 33188815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are rich source of functional polysaccharides that exhibit various bioactivities. However, Malaysian seaweeds are under-utilised, leading to low revenue throughout the supply chain of the seaweed industry. The aims of this study were to extract the functional polysaccharides, namely fucoidan (F), laminaran (L) and alginate (A) from Malaysian brown seaweeds (Sargassum polycystum, Turbinaria ornata and Padina boryana) and subsequently evaluate the properties of the extracted polysaccharides. P. boryana recorded the significantly (p ≤ 0.05) highest carbohydrate content (74.78 ± 1.63%) with highest fucoidan yield (Fpad = 1.59 ± 0.16%) while T. ornata contained significantly (p ≤ 0.05) highest alginate yield (Atur = 105.19 ± 3.45%). Water activities of these extracted polysaccharides varied from 0.63-0.71 with average score of browning indexes (~40). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that the extracted polysaccharides exhibited similar spectral pattern of spectra with the respective standards. Meanwhile, laminaran extracts showed the significantly highest (p ≤ 0.05) total phenolic contents (Lsar = 43.29 ± 0.43 mgGAE/g) and superoxide anion scavenging activity (Lsig = 21.7 ± 3.6%). On the other hand, the significantly highest (p ≤ 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity was recorded in alginate with Asar at 85.3 ± 0.8%. These findings reported the properties and bioactivities of natural polysaccharides from Malaysian brown seaweeds that revealed the potential to develop high-value functional ingredients from Malaysian brown seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Afifah Mohd Fauziee
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lee Sin Chang
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Aida Wan Mustapha
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adibi Rahiman Md Nor
- International Institute of Public Policy and Management, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seng Joe Lim
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Innovation Centre for Confectionery Technology (MANIS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Yamashita C, Freitas Moraes IC, Ferreira AG, Zanini Branco CC, Branco IG. Multi-response optimization of alginate bleaching technology extracted from brown seaweeds by an eco-friendly agent. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:116992. [PMID: 33142563 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Alginate only finds industrial applicability after undergoing a bleaching process to improve its visual appearance. Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize bleaching parameters (time, oxygen flow and temperature) for sodium alginate (SA) extracted from seaweeds using ozone as the bleaching agent. The optimal conditions (oxygen flow 2 L/min for 35 min at 25 °C) resulted in an ozone-bleached SA with a mannuronic/guluronic acids ratio of 0.70, viscosity-average molecular weight of 66.30 kDa and dynamic viscosity of 1.39 mPa.s, aligned to strong and brittle gels formation, which are potentially suitable for hydrogels and bioink application. Results indicated that ozonation caused depolymerization of the SA chain. Colorimetric parameters showed that ozone has a great bleaching efficacy. The bleached sample presented high antioxidant capacity, highlighting that discoloration by ozone might have minimal effects on the bioactive compounds which are valuable ingredients for food-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Yamashita
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biological Sciences Department, 19806-900 Assis, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Antonio Gilberto Ferreira
- Federal University of Sao Carlos (UFSCAR), Chemistry Department, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biological Sciences Department, 19806-900 Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivanise Guilherme Branco
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biological Sciences Department, 19806-900 Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aitouguinane M, Bouissil S, Mouhoub A, Rchid H, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S, Ould El-Hadj MD, Boual Z, Dubessay P, Gardarin C, Michaud P, El Alaoui-Talibi Z, El Modafar C, Pierre G, Delattre C. Induction of Natural Defenses in Tomato Seedlings by Using Alginate and Oligoalginates Derivatives Extracted from Moroccan Brown Algae. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E521. [PMID: 33086600 PMCID: PMC7589842 DOI: 10.3390/md18100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides extracted from marine algae have attracted much attention due to their biotechnological applications, including therapeutics, cosmetics, and mainly in agriculture and horticulture as biostimulants, biofertilizers, and stimulators of the natural defenses of plants. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of alginate isolated from Bifurcaria bifurcata from the Moroccan coast and oligoalginates derivatives to stimulate the natural defenses of tomato seedlings. Elicitation was carried out by the internodal injection of bioelicitor solutions. The elicitor capacities were evaluated by monitoring the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) as well as polyphenols content in the leaves located above the elicitation site for 5 days. Alginate and oligoalginates treatments triggered plant defense responses, which showed their capacity to significantly induce the PAL activity and phenolic compounds accumulation in the leaves of tomato seedlings. Elicitation by alginates and oligoalginates showed an intensive induction of PAL activity, increasing from 12 h of treatment and remaining at high levels throughout the period of treatment. The amount of polyphenols in the leaves was increased rapidly and strongly from 12 h of elicitation by both saccharide solutions, representing peaks value after 24 h of application. Oligoalginates exhibited an effective elicitor capacity in polyphenols accumulation compared to alginate polymers. The alginate and oligosaccharides derivatives revealed a similar elicitor capacity in PAL activity whereas the accumulation of phenolic compounds showed a differential effect. Polysaccharides extracted from the brown seaweed Bifurcaria bifurcate and oligosaccharides derivatives induced significantly the phenylpropanoid metabolism in tomato seedlings. These results contribute to the valorization of marine biomass as a potential bioresource for plant protection against phytopathogens in the context of eco-sustainable green technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Aitouguinane
- Laboratoire Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (M.A.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (C.G.); (P.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Soukaina Bouissil
- Laboratoire Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (M.A.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (C.G.); (P.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Anouar Mouhoub
- Laboratoire Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (M.A.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Halima Rchid
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies et Valorisation des Ressources Végétales, Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco;
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Plantes, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Mohamed Didi Ould El-Hadj
- Laboratoire de Protection des Ecosystèmes en Zones arides et Semi-Arides, Ouargla Université, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria; (M.D.O.E.-H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zakaria Boual
- Laboratoire de Protection des Ecosystèmes en Zones arides et Semi-Arides, Ouargla Université, Université Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria; (M.D.O.E.-H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (C.G.); (P.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Christine Gardarin
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (C.G.); (P.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (C.G.); (P.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi
- Laboratoire Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (M.A.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Laboratoire Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Guéliz, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (M.A.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (Z.E.A.-T.); (C.E.M.)
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (C.G.); (P.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Cédric Delattre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (P.D.); (C.G.); (P.M.); (G.P.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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Yugay YA, Usoltseva RV, Silant'ev VE, Egorova AE, Karabtsov AA, Kumeiko VV, Ermakova SP, Bulgakov VP, Shkryl YN. Synthesis of bioactive silver nanoparticles using alginate, fucoidan and laminaran from brown algae as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116547. [PMID: 32718640 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this report, polysaccharides - alginate, fucoidan, laminaran - were isolated from marine algae Saccharina cichorioides and Fucus evanescens and their activity as a reducing and stabilizing agents in the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles was evaluated. The cytotoxic and antibacterial properties of obtained nanoparticles were also assessed. It was found that all tested polysaccharides could be used as a reducing agent; however, their catalytic activities varied significantly in the following range alginate < fucoidan < laminaran. Nanoparticles demonstrated cytotoxicity against rat C6 glioma cells. It was considerably higher for alginate- and laminaran-obtained nanosilver samples compared to fucoidan. Additionally, silver nanoparticles possessed considerable antibacterial properties more pronounced in fucoidan-obtained samples. Our data demonstrate that different algal polysaccharides can be used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles with varying bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - R V Usoltseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - V E Silant'ev
- Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - A E Egorova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - A A Karabtsov
- Far Eastern Geological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - V V Kumeiko
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia; A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - S P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
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Mohammed A, Rivers A, Stuckey DC, Ward K. Alginate extraction from Sargassum seaweed in the Caribbean region: Optimization using response surface methodology. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116419. [PMID: 32718593 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum valorization has become increasingly important as the Caribbean region continues to struggle with the massive growth of the seaweed and its damaging effects. Sodium alginate extraction is one method where the seaweed biomass can be utilized to produce a useful biopolymer. However, current processing generally giving low yields of inferior quality, making it unattractive for commercialization. This article seeks to optimize the extraction process using a Box-Behnken Response Surface Design combined with multistage extraction to obtain higher product yield and purity, as well as giving insights, for the first time, into the physiochemical properties of the extracted alginate from Sargassum biomass. Optimum conditions were found and confirmed through validation, with a crude yield as high as 28 % after 2 stages and a purity of 92 % for purified alginate samples. Characterization of the bleached alginate through NMR studies validated with FTIR, gave an M/G ratio of 0.45 with a molecular weight of 3.14 × 105 g mol-1 and viscosity of 14.10 cP aligned to high gelling capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akeem Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI
| | - Arianne Rivers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI
| | - David C Stuckey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW72AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Keeran Ward
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, WI.
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10
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Belattmania Z, Kaidi S, El Atouani S, Katif C, Bentiss F, Jama C, Reani A, Sabour B, Vasconcelos V. Isolation and FTIR-ATR and 1H NMR Characterization of Alginates from the Main Alginophyte Species of the Atlantic Coast of Morocco. Molecules 2020; 25:E4335. [PMID: 32971782 PMCID: PMC7570942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginates are widely used as gelling agents in textile print pastes, medical industries, impression material in dentistry, and anticoagulant material in toothpaste. In the present study, the content and spectroscopic characterization (1H NMR and FT-IR) of the sodium alginates were investigated in the eight brown seaweeds Sargassum muticum, Fucus vesiculosus f. volubilis, Carpodesmia tamariscifolia, Bifurcaria bifurcata, Laminaria ochroleuca, Cystoseira humilis, Saccorhiza polyschides, and Fucus guiryi harvested from the NW Atlantic coast of Morocco. The results proved that the most studied algae depicted alginate yields higher than 18% dry weight. The FT-IR analysis showed that the spectra of the extracted alginates exhibited significant similarities to the commercial alginate from Sigma-Aldrich. The 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated that the extracted alginates have a high content of β-d-mannuronic (M) than α-l-guluronic acid (G) with M/G ratio values ranging from 1.04 to 4.41. The homopolymeric fractions FMM are remarkably high compared to the FGG and heteropolymeric fractions (FGM = FMG) especially for F. guiryi, C humilis, C. tamariscifolia, L. ochroleuca, and S. polyschides. Nevertheless, the heteropolymeric fractions (FGM/FMG) are quite abundant in the alginates of S. muticum, F. vesiculosus f. volubilis, and B. bifurcata accounting for more than 52% of the polymer diads. Based on these results, the investigated algal species (except Fucus guiryi and Bifurcaria bifurcata) could be regarded as potential sources of alginates for industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Belattmania
- R.U. Phycology, Blue Biodiversity & Biotechnology—P3B, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.K.); (S.E.A.); (C.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Soukaina Kaidi
- R.U. Phycology, Blue Biodiversity & Biotechnology—P3B, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.K.); (S.E.A.); (C.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Samir El Atouani
- R.U. Phycology, Blue Biodiversity & Biotechnology—P3B, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.K.); (S.E.A.); (C.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Chaimaa Katif
- R.U. Phycology, Blue Biodiversity & Biotechnology—P3B, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.K.); (S.E.A.); (C.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Fouad Bentiss
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Corrosion of Materials, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco;
- University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Charafeddine Jama
- University of Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET—Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Abdeltif Reani
- R.U. Phycology, Blue Biodiversity & Biotechnology—P3B, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.K.); (S.E.A.); (C.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Brahim Sabour
- R.U. Phycology, Blue Biodiversity & Biotechnology—P3B, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Ecology and Ecosystem Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida M-24000, Morocco; (Z.B.); (S.K.); (S.E.A.); (C.K.); (A.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Flórez-Fernández N, Álvarez-Viñas M, Guerreiro F, Torres MD, Grenha A, Domínguez H. Hydrothermal Processing of Laminaria ochroleuca for the Production of Crude Extracts Used to Formulate Polymeric Nanoparticles. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E336. [PMID: 32605020 PMCID: PMC7401254 DOI: 10.3390/md18070336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A green extraction process using only water was proposed for the simultaneous extraction of alginate and bioactive compounds from Laminaria ochroleuca. Operation was carried out during non-isothermal heating up to maximal temperatures over the range of 70 °C to 100 °C. Once separated, the alginate and the crude extract were characterised and the biological activities and cytotoxicity of the extracts was studied, the latter in intestinal epithelial cells. Those alginates obtained at 90 °C exhibited the highest extraction yields and viscoelastic features of the corresponding hydrogels. The obtained results show that the extracts obtained by non-isothermal extraction were suitable to formulate nanoparticles, which showed the smallest size (≈ 250-350 nm) when the higher content of fucoidan extract was present. Given the evidenced properties, the extracts may find an application in the formulation of nanoparticulate carriers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Flórez-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.F.-F.); (M.Á.-V.); (M.D.T.)
- Centre for Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - Milena Álvarez-Viñas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.F.-F.); (M.Á.-V.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Filipa Guerreiro
- Centre for Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
| | - María Dolores Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.F.-F.); (M.Á.-V.); (M.D.T.)
| | - Ana Grenha
- Centre for Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal;
- Drug Delivery Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, Campus Ourense, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain; (N.F.-F.); (M.Á.-V.); (M.D.T.)
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Yu B, Bi D, Yao L, Li T, Gu L, Xu H, Li X, Li H, Hu Z, Xu X. The inhibitory activity of alginate against allergic reactions in an ovalbumin-induced mouse model. Food Funct 2020; 11:2704-2713. [PMID: 32163080 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Marine seaweed polysaccharides have been considered as a potential resource for antiallergic therapy. Alginate is an acidic linear polysaccharide and soluble dietary fiber that was extracted from brown algae, Laminaria japonica. The molecular weight of alginate was 108 kDa, and its water solution exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics, including viscoelasticity and shear-thinning behavior. The ability of alginate to inhibit allergic reactions was investigated in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced BALB/c mice, which have been widely used as a mouse model of egg allergy. The results showed that alginate could effectively attenuate the occurrence of allergic reactions, including improving the integrity of the intestinal epithelial villi and inhibition of mast cell degranulation in the jejunum, in OVA-induced mice. Moreover, after treatment with alginate, the levels of IgE, histamine and IL-4 in OVA-induced mice were remarkably decreased, and the levels of IFN-γ were markedly increased. In addition, the number of Treg cells in spleen tissues in OVA-induced mice was increased by alginate, and the OVA-induced differentiation of Th0 cells into Th2 cells was significantly inhibited. These results demonstrate that alginate possesses potential antiallergic activities in a mouse model of egg allergy, which might provide important evidence that alginate, extracted from Laminaria japonica, can be developed into a novel functional food for inhibiting egg allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boming Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Decheng Bi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lijun Yao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Tong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Liang Gu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Faidi A, Lassoued MA, Becheikh MEH, Touati M, Stumbé JF, Farhat F. Application of sodium alginate extracted from a Tunisian brown algae Padina pavonica for essential oil encapsulation: Microspheres preparation, characterization and in vitro release study. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:386-394. [PMID: 31173834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in essential oils encapsulation and in developing biodegradable microparticles. The aim of this present work was to prepare clove essential oil loaded microspheres, by a modified emulsification method, using sodium alginate extracted from a Tunisian Brown seaweed Algae Padina pavonica as biopolymer. The obtained microparticles were characterized by FT-IR, DSC and SEM. Loading capacity yield, encapsulation efficiency (%EE) and in vitro release of the essential oil were also investigated. Sodium alginate microspheres were successfully prepared as confirmed by physico-chemical characterizations. %yield of microspheres and %EE of essential oil were 72.73% and 24.77% ± 7.47%, respectively. SEM showed pseudospherical microspheres with rough surface ranging, in size, from 1500 μm to 3000 μm. In vitro dissolution study indicates a controlled released of the essential oil which follows, mainly, classical Fickian diffusion. Thus, this present work highlighted the potential of this polysaccharide as a biopolymer to formulate polymeric microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Faidi
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Ibn Sina Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Ibn Sina Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed El Hédi Becheikh
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Ibn Sina Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Touati
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Ibn Sina Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jean-François Stumbé
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Macromolecular Engineering Jean Baptiste Donnet Institute, National Engineering School of Chemistry of Mulhouse, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Farhat Farhat
- Laboratory of Chemical, Galenic and Pharmacological Development of Medicines (LR12ES09), University of Monastir, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Ibn Sina Street, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Yudiati E, Isnansetyo A, Murwantoko, Triyanto, Handayani CR. Alginate from Sargassum siliquosum Simultaneously Stimulates Innate Immunity, Upregulates Immune Genes, and Enhances Resistance of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Against White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2019; 21:503-514. [PMID: 31111339 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although alginate is known as an immunostimulant in shrimp, the comprehensive and simultaneous study on its activity to resolve the relationship of the hematological parameters, upregulation of immune-related gene expression, and resistance to pathogen has not been found in shrimp. We performed experiments to evaluate the effect and mechanism of alginate from S. siliquosum on Pacific white shrimp immune system. Hematological parameters were examined after oral administration of Na alginate in the shrimp. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was injected to the shrimp at 14 days, and its copy number was examined quantitatively (qRT-PCR). Immune-related gene expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Alginate increased some hematological immune parameters of shrimp. Before WSSV infection, expression levels of Toll and lectin genes were upregulated. The lectin gene were upregulated post infection, and the Toll gene in all the treatments were downregulated, except the shrimps fed with alginate at 6.0 g kg-1 at 48 h post infection (hpi). The shrimps fed with alginate at 6.0 g kg-1 were the most resistant and gave the least WSSV copy number at 48 hpi. Resistance of shrimps fed the alginate-supplemented diets against WSSV was significantly higher compared to that of the control treatment with 56% and 10% of survival rates, respectively. Oral administration of alginate did not affect the growth and total protein plasma. At 120 h post challenge, alginate treatment at 6.0 g kg-1 exhibited the highest survival rate. It is concluded that oral administration of alginate enhanced the innate immunity by upregulating immune-related gene expression. Consequently, the enhancement of the shrimp innate immunity improves the resistance against WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervia Yudiati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Alim Isnansetyo
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia.
| | - Murwantoko
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Triyanto
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Christina Retna Handayani
- Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center, Jl. Cik Lanang, Pemandian Kartini, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia
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Clarkin OM, Wu B, Cahill PA, Brougham DF, Banerjee D, Brady SA, Fox EK, Lally C. Novel injectable gallium-based self-setting glass-alginate hydrogel composite for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 217:152-159. [PMID: 31079672 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Composite biomaterials offer a new approach for engineering novel, minimally-invasive scaffolds with properties that can be modified for a range of soft tissue applications. In this study, a new way of controlling the gelation of alginate hydrogels using Ga-based glass particles is presented. Through a comprehensive analysis, it was shown that the setting time, mechanical strength, stiffness and degradation properties of this composite can all be tailored for various applications. Specifically, the hydrogel generated through using a glass particle, wherein toxic aluminium is replaced with biocompatible gallium, exhibited enhanced properties. The material's stiffness matches that of soft tissues, while it displays a slow and tuneable gelation rate, making it a suitable candidate for minimally-invasive intra-vascular injection. In addition, it was also found that this composite can be tailored to deliver ions into the local cellular environment without affecting platelet adhesion or compromising viability of vascular cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen M Clarkin
- DCU Biomaterials Research Group, Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Bing Wu
- DCU Biomaterials Research Group, Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; DUBBLE Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, Grenoble, 38043, France; School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutic Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot F Brougham
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dipanjan Banerjee
- DUBBLE Beamline, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, Grenoble, 38043, France; Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah A Brady
- DCU Biomaterials Research Group, Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Eoin K Fox
- DCU Biomaterials Research Group, Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Caitríona Lally
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering and Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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16
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Han ZL, Yang M, Fu XD, Chen M, Su Q, Zhao YH, Mou HJ. Evaluation of Prebiotic Potential of Three Marine Algae Oligosaccharides from Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E173. [PMID: 30889794 PMCID: PMC6471770 DOI: 10.3390/md17030173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate oligosaccharides (AlgO), agarose oligosaccharides (AO), and κ-carrageenan oligosaccharides (KCO) were obtained by specific enzymatic hydrolysis method. The molecular weight distributions of the three oligosaccharides were 1.0⁻5.0 kDa, 0.4⁻1.4 kDa, and 1.0⁻7.0 kDa, respectively. The culture medium was supplemented with the three oligosaccharides and fermented by pig fecal microbiota in vitro, for 24 h. Each oligosaccharide was capable of increasing the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially butyric acid, and altering the microbiota composition. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis results showed that the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria Escherichia, Shigella, and Peptoniphilus, were significantly decreased in AlgO supplemented medium. AO could improve the gut microbiota composition by enriching the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Coprococcus, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium. Besides, KCO could increase the abundance of SCFA microbial producers and opportunistic pathogenic flora. Therefore, these results indicate that AlgO and AO can be used as gut microbial regulators and can potentially improve animal/human gastrointestinal health and prevent gut disease, whereas the physiological function of KCO needs further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Lian Han
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Min Yang
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiao-Dan Fu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qian Su
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Yuan-Hui Zhao
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hai-Jin Mou
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
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17
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Flórez-Fernández N, Domínguez H, Torres MD. A green approach for alginate extraction from Sargassum muticum brown seaweed using ultrasound-assisted technique. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 124:451-459. [PMID: 30496857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound assisted aqueous extraction of alginate from Sargassum muticum was proposed to minimize the use of chemicals, high temperatures and prolonged times, with comparable extraction yields to conventional acid/alkali procedures. The alginate, precipitated from the liquors obtained after ultrasound assisted extraction of fucoidan and phlorotannin fractions, and converted to alginic acid sodium salt by a green treatment was characterized by FTIR-ATR, 1H NMR, HPSEC, MALDI-TOF, rheology and citotoxitity. A clear influence of the sonication time was observed on the alginate molar mass, block structure, thermo-rheological and tumoral cell growth inhibition features. All tested hydrogels featured stable and thermo-reversible characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Flórez-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - H Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
| | - M D Torres
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico, As Lagoas, 32004 Ourense, Spain.
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Khajouei RA, Keramat J, Hamdami N, Ursu AV, Delattre C, Laroche C, Gardarin C, Lecerf D, Desbrières J, Djelveh G, Michaud P. Extraction and characterization of an alginate from the Iranian brown seaweed Nizimuddinia zanardini. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1073-1081. [PMID: 29964113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium alginate from Nizimuddinia zanardini (an Iranian brown algae) was extracted with acid and alkaline solutions, partially and totally hydrolyzed and analyzed for its biochemical composition. 1H NMR spectroscopy, SEC-MALLS, HPAEC and FT-IR were performed to determine its structure and its physico-chemical properties. This alginate has a M/G ratio of 1.1, a molecular weight of 103 kDa, a polydispersity index of 1.22, and an intrinsic viscosity of 342 mL/g. Its antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH radical scavenging showing its potential for food preservation. Rheological properties of solutions of this alginate with concentrations between 1 and 5% (w/v) in water and 0.5 M NaCl were investigated indicating a Newtonian fluid type behaviour in water and a shear thinning fluid type behaviour in NaCl solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Abka Khajouei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Javad Keramat
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Nasser Hamdami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Alina-Violeta Ursu
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cedric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Laroche
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Gardarin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Lecerf
- Laboratoire Polymères Biopolymères Surface, CNRS FRE 3101, Université de Rouen, Bd Maurice de Broglie, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Desbrières
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, IPREM, Helioparc Pau Pyrénées, 2 Avenue P. Angot, 64053 Pau Cedex 9, France
| | - Gholamreza Djelveh
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Fernando IPS, Sanjeewa KKA, Kim SY, Lee JS, Jeon YJ. Reduction of heavy metal (Pb 2+) biosorption in zebrafish model using alginic acid purified from Ecklonia cava and two of its synthetic derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:330-337. [PMID: 28827136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination has become a major problem that causes severe environmental and health issues due to their biosorption, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. This study was designed to evaluate heavy metal chelating abilities of alginic acid (AA) extracted from the brown seaweed Ecklonia cava and two of its derivatives prepared by the partial oxidation of the 2° OH groups (OAA) and partial carboxylation of the monomeric units (CAA) upon reducing the heavy metal biosorption in zebrafish (Danio rerio) modal. Metal ions were quantified using ICP-OES and biopolymers were characterized by FTIR and XRD analysis. All investigated biopolymers indicated potential ability for chelating Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, As3+, and Ag+. The sorption capacities were in the order of CAA>OAA>AA. All biopolymers indicated a comparatively higher chelation towards Pb2+. AA, OAA, and CAA could effectively reduce Pb2+ induced toxicity and Pb2+ stress-induced ROS production in zebrafish embryos. Besides, they could reduce the biosorption of Pb2+ in adult zebrafish which could lead to bioaccumulation. Since alginic acid purified from E. cava and its derivatives could be utilized as seaweed derived biopolymers to purify heavy metals contaminated water and as a dietary supplement to reduce heavy metal biosorption in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Shanura Fernando
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - K K Asanka Sanjeewa
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Research Center for Industrial Developement of Seafood, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Borazjani NJ, Tabarsa M, You S, Rezaei M. Effects of extraction methods on molecular characteristics, antioxidant properties and immunomodulation of alginates from Sargassum angustifolium. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:703-711. [PMID: 28363651 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between molecular structure and bioactivity was evaluated for alginates obtained under different extraction methods (water, acid, alcalase and cellulase) from Sargassum angustifolium. The use of enzymes considerably reduced protein (from 14.58% to <0.4%) and polyphenol (from 16.0% to <1.7mg GA/g sample) contaminations of alginates compared to those of water and acid. The FT-IR spectrum revealed that extraction method did not affect the structure of the recovered alginates. The highest molecular weight (Mw) (557.1×103g/mol) was found in acid treated alginate while the Mw of cellulase assistant alginate (356.2×103g/mol) was the minimum. The SVg values varied from 2.79-5.17cm3/g revealing the loosed conformational structures of alcalase and cellulase assistant alginates. Alcalase assistant alginate stimulated RAW264.7 cells to release nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12. Enzyme treated alginates showed maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Therefore, the present results showed the determinant effect of pretreatment during the extraction process of alginate and the beneficial influence of enzymatic process when biological functions of alginates are of high interest in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Jokar Borazjani
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tabarsa
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran.
| | - SangGuan You
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran
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Youssouf L, Lallemand L, Giraud P, Soulé F, Bhaw-Luximon A, Meilhac O, D'Hellencourt CL, Jhurry D, Couprie J. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and structural characterization by NMR of alginates and carrageenans from seaweeds. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:55-63. [PMID: 28385248 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from seaweeds are interesting materials for food and pharmaceutical applications such as drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Extraction of these biopolymers is usually performed during several hours to obtain a significant extraction yield. In this paper, we report on a new process to extract alginates from brown seaweeds (Sargassum binderi and Turbinaria ornata) and carrageenans from red seaweeds (Kappaphycus alvarezii and Euchema denticulatum) with the assistance of ultrasound. The effect of several parameters (pH, temperature, algae/water ratio, ultrasound power and duration) was investigated to determine optimal extraction conditions. The extracted polysaccharides represented up to 55% of the seaweeds dry weight and were obtained in a short time (15-30min) as compared to 27% in 2h for conventional extraction. NMR, FTIR and SEC analysis were used to characterise the extracted polymers. Ultrasound allowed the reduction of extraction time without affecting the chemical structure and molar mass distribution of alginates and carrageenans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latufa Youssouf
- UMR DéTROI, Inserm U1188 - Université de la Réunion, Diabète atherohrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Laura Lallemand
- Plateforme de recherche CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Giraud
- UMR DéTROI, Inserm U1188 - Université de la Réunion, Diabète atherohrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Faiza Soulé
- UMR DéTROI, Inserm U1188 - Université de la Réunion, Diabète atherohrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Archana Bhaw-Luximon
- Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- UMR DéTROI, Inserm U1188 - Université de la Réunion, Diabète atherohrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
| | - Christian Lefèbvre D'Hellencourt
- UMR DéTROI, Inserm U1188 - Université de la Réunion, Diabète atherohrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Dhanjay Jhurry
- Centre for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research (CBBR), University of Mauritius, MSIRI Building, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Joël Couprie
- UMR DéTROI, Inserm U1188 - Université de la Réunion, Diabète atherohrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien, CYROI, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
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Ryu HJ, Oh KK. Combined De-Algination Process as a Fractionation Strategy for Valorization of Brown Macroalga Saccharina japonica. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 182:238-249. [PMID: 27858350 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A combined process, de-algination followed by enzymatic saccharification, was designed to produce alginate and glucose from Saccharina japonica consecutively. The process conditions of de-algination were optimized separately for each stage of acidification and alkaline extraction. Collectively, the de-algination yield was 70.1% under the following optimized conditions: 2.4 wt% of Na2CO3, 70 °C, and 100 min with the acidified S. japonica immersed in a 0.5 wt% H2SO4 solution for 2 h at room temperature. The glucan content in the de-alginated S. japonica increased to 38.0%, which was approximately fivefold higher than that of the raw S. japonica. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the de-alginated S. japonica almost completed in 9 h, affording 5.2 g (96.8% of glucan digestibility) of glucose at a de-alginated S. japonica loading of 14.2 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jin Ryu
- R&D Center, SugarEn Co., Ltd, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Applied Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea.
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Fawzy MA, Gomaa M, Hifney AF, Abdel-Gawad KM. Optimization of alginate alkaline extraction technology from Sargassum latifolium and its potential antioxidant and emulsifying properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1903-1912. [PMID: 27987910 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Alginate was recovered from Sargassum latifolium biomass using different conditions of alkali treatment. Box-Behnken experimental design was evaluated to study the influence of alkali:alga ratio, temperature and time on alginate yield, and its molecular weight (MW) and mannuronic/guluronic acid ratio (M/G). The second-order polynomial equations were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Extraction temperature and time were the most important factors during alginate alkaline extraction. MW and M/G ratio played an important role in controlling the reducing power of alginate. Increasing pH of the alginate solutions enhanced its reducing capacity, while thermal treatment showed a negative effect. Additionally, alginate exhibited good emulsion stabilizing capacities with diverse hydrophobic compounds. Emulsifying activity was less sensitive to temperature, ionic strength and more stable at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Fawzy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gomaa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Awatief F Hifney
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khayria M Abdel-Gawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
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24
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Imbs TI, Ermakova SP, Malyarenko Vishchuk OS, Isakov VV, Zvyagintseva TN. Structural elucidation of polysaccharide fractions from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii and in vitro investigation of their anticancer activity. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 135:162-8. [PMID: 26453864 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Laminaran, fucoidan, and alginate were isolated from the brown alga Coccophora langsdorfii collected in the Japan Sea. The structural characteristics of polysaccharides were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The laminaran was determined as β-d-glucan, which consisted of 80% of 1,3- and 20% of 1,6-linked residues and was terminated with mannitol. The alginate was a guluronic acid-rich polysaccharide (M/G=0.85). Fucoidan, sulfated α-l-fucan, contained a linear backbone of alternating (1→3)- and (1→4)- linked α-l-fucopyranose residues with sulfate at C2 and C4 of (1→3)-α-l-fucopyranose residues. Anticancer activity of this fucoidan was investigated in comparison with activity of fucoidan having similar linear backbone from the brown alga Fucus evanescens. The fucoidan from C. langsdorfii significantly inhibited colony formation of SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells (the percentage of inhibition was 28 and 76, respectively) and weakly inhibited colony formation of breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 (the percentage of inhibition was about 5). Similar results were obtained for fucoidan from F. evanescens; the percentage of inhibition of colony formation of SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells was 54 and 56, respectively. The inhibition of colony formation of breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 was weak. We suppose that other sulfated and partially acetylated fucoidans consisting of (1→3)- and (1→4)-linked α-l-fucopyranose residues may suppress progression of melanoma cell colony formation similar to fucoidans of C. langsdorfii and F. evanescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana I Imbs
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana P Ermakova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Olesya S Malyarenko Vishchuk
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Isakov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Zvyagintseva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 159, Prospect 100-let Vladivostoku 690022, Russia
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Lorbeer AJ, Lahnstein J, Bulone V, Nguyen T, Zhang W. Multiple-response optimization of the acidic treatment of the brown alga Ecklonia radiata for the sequential extraction of fucoidan and alginate. Bioresour Technol 2015; 197:302-9. [PMID: 26342343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize the acidic treatment of the brown alga Ecklonia radiata in order to extract fucoidan and facilitate the efficient sequential extraction of alginates. Response surface methodology was used to determine the effects of the temperature, pH, and duration of the acidic treatment on fucoidan yield, alginate extractability, and the molecular weight of sequentially extracted alginates. Desirability functions were then used to predict the best overall combinations of responses. The most desirable compromise allowed for the recovery of a fucoidan-rich fraction with a yield of 3.75% (w/w of alga) and the sequential extraction of alginates having an average molecular weight of 730kDa at a yield of 44% (w/w of alga), with low cross-contamination between the products. The optimized acidic treatment could form the basis of an industrial biorefinery process for the production of both fucoidan and alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew John Lorbeer
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Jelle Lahnstein
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Trung Nguyen
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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Rhein-Knudsen N, Ale MT, Meyer AS. Seaweed hydrocolloid production: an update on enzyme assisted extraction and modification technologies. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:3340-59. [PMID: 26023840 PMCID: PMC4483632 DOI: 10.3390/md13063340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Agar, alginate, and carrageenans are high-value seaweed hydrocolloids, which are used as gelation and thickening agents in different food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications. The annual global production of these hydrocolloids has recently reached 100,000 tons with a gross market value just above US$ 1.1 billion. The techno-functional properties of the seaweed polysaccharides depend strictly on their unique structural make-up, notably degree and position of sulfation and presence of anhydro-bridges. Classical extraction techniques include hot alkali treatments, but recent research has shown promising results with enzymes. Current methods mainly involve use of commercially available enzyme mixtures developed for terrestrial plant material processing. Application of seaweed polysaccharide targeted enzymes allows for selective extraction at mild conditions as well as tailor-made modifications of the hydrocolloids to obtain specific functionalities. This review provides an update of the detailed structural features of κ-, ι-, λ-carrageenans, agars, and alginate, and a thorough discussion of enzyme assisted extraction and processing techniques for these hydrocolloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Rhein-Knudsen
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Marcel Tutor Ale
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Anne S Meyer
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Søltofts Plads, Building 229, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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Sellimi S, Younes I, Ayed HB, Maalej H, Montero V, Rinaudo M, Dahia M, Mechichi T, Hajji M, Nasri M. Structural, physicochemical and antioxidant properties of sodium alginate isolated from a Tunisian brown seaweed. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 72:1358-67. [PMID: 25453289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An original sodium alginate from Tunisian seaweed (Cystoseira barbata) was purified and characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies. ATR-FTIR spectrum of C. barbata sodium alginate (CBSA) showed the characteristic bands of mannuronic (M) and guluronic acids (G). The M/G ratio was estimated by CD (M/G = 0.59) indicating that CBSA was composed of 37% mannuronic acid and 63% guluronic acid. The analysis of viscosity of CBSA showed evidence of pseudoplastic fluid behaviour. The emulsifying capacity of CBSA was evaluated at different concentrations (0.25-3%), temperatures (25-100 °C) and pH (3.0-11.0). Compared to most commercial emulsifiers, the emulsion formulated by CBSA was found to be less sensitive to temperature changes and more stable at acidic pH. CBSA was examined for antioxidant properties using various antioxidant assays. CBSA exhibited important DPPH radical-scavenging activity (74% inhibition at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml) and considerable ferric reducing potential. Effective hydroxyl-radical scavenging activity (82% at a concentration of 5 mg/ml) and potent protection activity against DNA breakage were also recorded for CBSA. However, in the linoleate-β-carotene system, CBSA exerted moderate antioxidant activity (60% at a concentration of 1.5 mg/ml). Therefore, CBSA can be used as a natural ingredient in food industry or in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Sellimi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Islem Younes
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Ben Ayed
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hana Maalej
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Veronique Montero
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie et Reconnaissance Moléculaire, UMR 5032, Université Montpellier II, ENSCM, 8, rue de l'Ecole-Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex, France
| | | | - Mostefa Dahia
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université de Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hajji
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, B.P. 1173-3038 Sfax, Tunisia
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Bertagnolli C, Espindola APDM, Kleinübing SJ, Tasic L, da Silva MGC. Sargassum filipendula alginate from Brazil: seasonal influence and characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:619-23. [PMID: 25037396 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is focused on the extraction and characterization of the Brazilian seaweed Sargassum filipendula alginate. Alginates obtained at different seasons were characterized by liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The alginate extraction efficiency was about 20%. Different seasons of the year and different stages in the life cycle of Sargassum sp. in southeastern Brazil influenced the M/G and, consequently, the technological properties of extracted alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertagnolli
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula D M Espindola
- Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ljubica Tasic
- Organic Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Pérez-López P, Balboa EM, González-García S, Domínguez H, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Comparative environmental assessment of valorization strategies of the invasive macroalgae Sargassum muticum. Bioresour Technol 2014; 161:137-48. [PMID: 24698741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The invasive brown seaweed Sargassum muticum (Yendo) exhibits a significant content of phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and fucoxanthin, with potential biological activities. In this study, four valorization strategies for S. muticum biomass were compared under a life cycle perspective. Depending on the alternative, three products were obtained: sodium alginate, antioxidant extract and fucoxanthin-containing extract. Regardless of the approach, the combined extraction of alginate and antioxidant from wet algae constituted the most efficient scenario. Among the stages, supercritical extraction of fucoxanthin and non-isothermal autohydrolysis were identified as the major environmental burdens due to electricity consumption. Although changes in product distribution fairly affected the environmental impacts of the scenarios, the single extraction of antioxidant fraction and the integral valorization to obtain fucoxanthin, alginate and antioxidant were only competitive when considering a functional unit based on the value of the products through an economic allocation approach instead of the amount of valorized algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pérez-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Elena M Balboa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Sara González-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Herminia Domínguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sarithakumari CH, Kurup GM. Alginic acid isolated from Sargassum wightii exhibits anti-inflammatory potential on type II collagen induced arthritis in experimental animals. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1108-15. [PMID: 24444809 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory potential of alginic acid isolated from the brown algae Sargassum wightii in type II collagen induced arthritic rats, a well established arthritic model that resembles more closely to human rheumatoid arthritis in its clinical, pathological, immunological and histological aspects. Type II collagen induced arthritic rats showed increased activities of inflammatory marker enzymes like cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase (5-LOX), xanthine oxidase (XO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) along with increased concentration of rheumatoid factor (RF), ceruloplasmin and C-reactive protein (CRP). Treatment with alginic acid significantly reduced the activities of COX-2 and 5-LOX along with reduction in MPO, XO, RF and CRP. Alginic acid treatment reverted to the altered levels of hematological parameters like RBC count, WBC count and ESR in arthritic rats. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1 β, TNF α and IL-6 were significantly higher in arthritic rats which were reduced on treatment with alginic acid. Increased activities of lysosomal enzymes that manifest the systemic damage during arthritis were significantly reduced by the treatment with alginic acid which indicates the reduction in the rupture and degradation of connective tissue. Histopathology of knee joint tissues showed that extensive bone degradation and synovial hyperplasia along with infiltrating cells and treatment with alginic acid reversed the histopathological changes which indicate the protective potential of alginic acid in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Sarithakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695881, India
| | - G Muraleedhara Kurup
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Trivandrum, Kerala 695881, India.
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Hütten M, Ehrhart F, Erhacrt F, Zimmermann H, Reich U, Esser KH, Lenarz T, Scheper V. UHV-alginate as matrix for neurotrophic factor producing cells--a novel biomaterial for cochlear implant optimization to preserve inner ear neurons from degeneration. Otol Neurotol 2013; 34:1127-33. [PMID: 23512074 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e3182804949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Ultra high viscous (UHV-) alginate is a suitable matrix for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) producing cells, enabling cell survival and BDNF release out of the matrix and subsequent protection of auditory neuronal cells. BACKGROUND Cochlear implant (CI) target cells, spiral ganglion cells (SGC), undergo a progressive degeneration. BDNF prevents SGC from degeneration but has to be delivered locally to the inner ear for months. A permanent growth factor application may be realized via a cell-based drug delivery system. Encapsulation of this delivery system into a matrix could avoid immune response of the recipient, migration, and uncontrolled proliferation of the cells. METHODS NIH3T3-fibroblasts producing endogenous BDNF were incorporated in UHV-alginate. The survival of the cells in the alginate was examined by cell counts of cryogenic slices, and the BDNF production was determined by performing ELISA. The supernatant of the alginate-cell culture was added to primary SGC culture, and the neuroprotective effect of the produced BDNF was observed performing SGC counts. RESULTS BDNF-producing cells cultivated in UHV-alginate survived for up to 30 days, which was the latest time point observed. The BDNF concentration in cell culture medium, produced from in UHV-alginate incorporated fibroblasts and released out of the alginate matrix into the medium, was significantly increased after 30 days of cultivation. Supernatant of 7 days incubated UHV-alginate containing NIH3T3/BDNF cells significantly increased the SGC survival in vitro. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates UHV-alginate to be a suitable scaffold for BDNF-producing fibroblasts. UHV-alginates are a promising biomaterial for cochlear implant biofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Hütten
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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32
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Sarithakumari CH, Renju GL, Kurup GM. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of alginic acid isolated from the marine algae, Sargassum wightii on adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:261-8. [PMID: 23179138 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of alginic acid isolated from brown algae Sargassum wightii in arthritic rats. Arthritis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the right hind paw, produce inflammation of the joint tissue. Paw edema volume, enzymes linked to inflammation such as cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and myeloperoxidase, and the level of ceruloplasmin, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor were evaluated in all the experimental groups. Oxidative stress during inflammation was analyzed by estimating lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and non-enzymatic antioxidant, reduced glutathione. Alginic acid treatment (100 mg/kg) in arthritic rats exhibited reduced paw edema volume along with reduced activities of enzymes such as cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and myeloperoxidase. Reduction in the level of C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin and rheumatoid factor were also observed in arthritic rats treated with alginic acid along with reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes, which suggest the antioxidant potential of the compound. Histopathological analysis of paw tissue showed that alginic acid treatment reduced paw edema and inflammatory infiltration in arthritic rats. Overall results suggest that alginic acid isolated from Sargassum wightii exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, and can develop this marine alga as an alternative source for therapy and can be used as a drug candidate for the development of anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Sarithakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581, Kerala, India
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Lins KOAL, Vale ML, Ribeiro RA, Costa-Lotufo LV. Proinflammatory activity of an alginate isolated from Sargassum vulgare. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:414-20. [PMID: 23218314 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alginates are unbranched polymers of polysaccharide presented as the structural components of marine brown algae. The proinflammatory activity of SVHV, an alginate isolated from Sargassum vulgare, was investigated using models of paw edema, mast cells degranulation and neutrophil migration in vivo. SVHV induced a dose dependent paw edema, with a peak at 2 h, associated with an increased myeloperoxidase activity and production of TNF-α and IL-1β. Pharmacological modulators, remarkably dexamethasone and indomethacin, inhibited the edema. SVHV (1.0 mg) also led to a significant induction of neutrophil migration in the peritoneal cavity of rats. This neutrophil migration was significantly reduced by peritoneal resident macrophages depletion, but was not affected by the depletion of mast cells. Our data suggest that SVHV has proinflammatory activity dependent of the activation of resident cells, being the macrophages the main cells involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kézia O A L Lins
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, PO Box 3157, 60430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Powell LC, Sowedan A, Khan S, Wright CJ, Hawkins K, Onsøyen E, Myrvold R, Hill KE, Thomas DW. The effect of alginate oligosaccharides on the mechanical properties of Gram-negative biofilms. Biofouling 2013; 29:413-21. [PMID: 23574333 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2013.777954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The influence of a novel, safe antibiofilm therapy on the mechanical properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms in vitro was characterized. A multiscale approach employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and rheometry was used to quantify the mechanical disruption of the biofilms by a therapeutic polymer based on a low-molecular weight alginate oligosaccharide (OligoG). AFM demonstrated structural alterations in the biofilms exposed to OligoG, with significantly lower Young's moduli than the untreated biofilms, (149 MPa vs 242 MPa; p < 0.05), a decreased resistance to hydrodynamic shear and an increased surface irregularity (Ra) in the untreated controls (35.2 nm ± 7.6 vs 12.1 nm ± 5.4; p < 0.05). Rheology demonstrated that increasing clinically relevant concentrations of OligoG (<10%) were associated with an increasing phase angle (δ) over a wide range of frequencies (0.1-10 Hz). These results highlight the utility of these techniques for the study of three-dimensional biofilms and for quantifying novel disruption therapies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia C Powell
- Tissue Engineering and Reparative Dentistry, Wound Biology Group, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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35
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Wang W, Wang SX, Guan HS. The antiviral activities and mechanisms of marine polysaccharides: an overview. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:2795-816. [PMID: 23235364 PMCID: PMC3528127 DOI: 10.3390/md10122795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the studies on the antiviral activities of marine natural products, especially marine polysaccharides, are attracting more and more attention all over the world. Marine-derived polysaccharides and their lower molecular weight oligosaccharide derivatives have been shown to possess a variety of antiviral activities. This paper will review the recent progress in research on the antiviral activities and the mechanisms of these polysaccharides obtained from marine organisms. In particular, it will provide an update on the antiviral actions of the sulfated polysaccharides derived from marine algae including carrageenans, alginates, and fucans, relating to their structure features and the structure–activity relationships. In addition, the recent findings on the different mechanisms of antiviral actions of marine polysaccharides and their potential for therapeutic application will also be summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (S.-X.W.); (H.-S.G.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +86-532-82031980; Fax: +86-532-82033054
| | - Shi-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (S.-X.W.); (H.-S.G.)
| | - Hua-Shi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; E-Mails: (S.-X.W.); (H.-S.G.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience & Glycoengineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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36
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Lin YM, Bassin JP, van Loosdrecht MCM. The contribution of exopolysaccharides induced struvites accumulation to ammonium adsorption in aerobic granular sludge. Water Res 2012; 46:986-92. [PMID: 22209260 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge from a lab-scale reactor with simultaneous nitrification/denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal processes exhibited significant amount of ammonium adsorption (1.5 mg NH4+-N/g TSS at an ammonium concentration of 30 mg N/L). Potassium release accompanied ammonium adsorption, indicating an ion exchange process. The existence of potassium magnesium phosphate (K-struvite) as one of potassium sources in the granular sludge was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Artificially prepared K-struvite was indeed shown to adsorb ammonium. Alginate-like exopolysaccharides were isolated and their inducement for struvite formation was investigated as well. Potassium magnesium phosphate proved to be a major factor for ammonium adsorption on the granular sludge. Struvites (potassium/ammonium magnesium phosphate) accumulate in aerobic granular sludge due to inducing of precipitation by alginate-like exopolysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lin
- Department of biotechnology, Delft university of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628BC Delft, The Netherlands.
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37
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Bandyopadhyay SS, Navid MH, Ghosh T, Schnitzler P, Ray B. Structural features and in vitro antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides from Sphacelaria indica. Phytochemistry 2011; 72:276-83. [PMID: 21167536 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Many viruses display affinity for cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans with biological relevance to virus entry. This raises the possibility of the application of sulfated polysaccharides in antiviral therapy. In this study, we have analyzed xylogalactofucan- and alginic acid-containing fractions from Sphacelaria indica, a marine alga. The xylogalactofucan that has apparent molecular mass of 26±5 kDa and negative specific rotation [α](D)(32) -71° (c 0.2, H(2)O) contains, inter alia, (1→3)-linked L-fucopyranosyl and D-galactopyranosyl residues. The algin (molecular mass: 21±5kDa) contains 41% guluronic and 59% mannuronic acid residues. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values of these macromolecules and their chemically sulfated derivatives against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were in the range of 0.6-10 μg ml(-1) and they lacked cytotoxicity at concentrations up to 200 μg ml(-1). The antiviral activity was dependent on the sulfate contents of the polysaccharides. The results support the feasibility of inhibiting HSV infection by direct interaction of polysaccharides with viral particles.
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38
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Lin Y, de Kreuk M, van Loosdrecht MCM, Adin A. Characterization of alginate-like exopolysaccharides isolated from aerobic granular sludge in pilot-plant. Water Res 2010; 44:3355-3364. [PMID: 20417539 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
To understand functional gel-forming exopolysaccharides in aerobic granular sludge, alginate-like exopolysaccharides were specifically extracted from aerobic granular sludge cultivated in a pilot plant treating municipal sewage. The exopolysaccharides were identified by the FAO/WHO alginate identification tests, characterized by biochemical assays, gelation with Ca(2+), blocks fractionation, spectroscopic analysis as UV-visible, FT-IR and MALDI-TOF MS, and electrophoresis. The yield of extractable alginate-like exopolysaccharides was reached 160+/-4mg/g (VSS ratio). They resembled seaweed alginate in UV-visible and MALDI-TOF MS spectra, and distinguished from it in the reactions with acid ferric sulfate, phenol-sulfuric acid and Coomassie brilliant blue G250. Characterized by their high percentage of poly guluronic acid blocks (69.07+/-8.95%), the isolated exopolysaccharides were capable to form rigid, non-deformable gels in CaCl(2). They were one of the dominant exopolysaccharides in aerobic granular sludge. We suggest that polymers play a significant role in providing aerobic granular sludge a highly hydrophobic, compact, strong and elastic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Lin
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
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Chen YY, Ji W, Du JR, Yu DK, He Y, Yu CX, Li DS, Zhao CY, Qiao KY. Preventive effects of low molecular mass potassium alginate extracted from brown algae on DOCA salt-induced hypertension in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:291-5. [PMID: 19932586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Available evidence indicates that brown algae may be beneficial for the treatment of high blood pressure. Our recent study demonstrated that low molecular mass potassium alginate (L-PA), one of the major polysaccharides extracted from brown algae, decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneous hypertensive rats. The present study investigated the effects of L-PA on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt-induced hypertension in rats. Hypertension was induced by biweekly subcutaneous injections of 50mg/kg DOCA plus 1% NaCl in drinking water. The control group received saline injections. L-PA (250 or 500 mg/kg), KCl (239 mg/kg), or volume-matched solvent was administered orally once daily for 30 days. DOCA salt administration significantly increased SBP, sodium excretion, serum sodium content, circulating plasma volume (CPV), plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) content, heart and renal weight indices, and mortality and decreased plasma aldosterone (ALD) and serum potassium levels in the vehicle-treated DOCA salt group compared with the control group. However, L-PA dose-dependently normalized the above changes induced by DOCA salt, with the exception of further increasing sodium excretion, while KCl did not affect the changes caused by DOCA salt, with the exception of slightly ameliorating hypokalemia and mortality. These findings suggest that L-PA may offer a novel form of potassium supplementation with greater antihypertensive and sodium excretion actions than KCl and may likely be beneficial for the primary prevention and treatment of hypertension and its cardiovascular sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Biopharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Mollaei M, Abdollahpour S, Atashgahi S, Abbasi H, Masoomi F, Rad I, Lotfi AS, Zahiri HS, Vali H, Noghabi KA. Enhanced phenol degradation by Pseudomonas sp. SA01: gaining insight into the novel single and hybrid immobilizations. J Hazard Mater 2010; 175:284-292. [PMID: 19883975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Pseudomonas sp. SA01 cells were immobilized in a series of singular and hybrid immobilization techniques to achieve enhanced phenol removal. The singular immobilization strategies consisted of various concentrations of alginate (2-4%) and pectin (3-5%), while the hybrid strategies incorporated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate and glycerol-alginate beads and alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) capsules. Immobilization protected cells against phenol and resulted in remarkable reduction (65%) in degradation time by cells immobilized in either alginate (3%) beads, in a hybrid PVA-alginate beads, or in ACA capsules compared to freely suspended cells. Cells immobilized in PVA-alginate and ACA provided the best performance in experiments using elevated phenol concentrations, up to 2000 mg/L, with complete degradation of 2000 mg/L phenol after 100 and 110 h, respectively. Electron microscopy examination indicated that cell loading capacity was increased in PVA-alginate hybrid beads through reduced cell leakage, resulting in higher activity of PVA-alginate hybrid beads compared to all other immobilization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Mollaei
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), P.O. Box 14155-6343, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang HL, Lin YM, Wang L. [Cu2+ biosorption by bacterial alginate extracted from aerobic granules and its mechanism investigation]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2010; 31:731-737. [PMID: 20358835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The biosorption characteristic of copper ions onto dried Ca-alginate made of bacterial alginate extracted from aerobic granules was investigated in batch system. The biosorption rate of Cu2+ onto the alginate, effects of pH and alginate dosage on Cu2+ biosorption capacity and adsorption isotherm were analyzed. The biosorption of Cu2+ onto the dried Ca-alginate was a rapid process. The maximum Cu2+ uptake was 67.67 mg/g at pH 4, initial Cu2+ concentration of 100 mg/L, dried Ca-alginate dosage 0.7 g/L. Accumulation of Cu2+ followed Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Cu2+ adsorption was accompanied by Ca2+ releasing from the dried Ca-alginate and H+ uptake, indicating that the ion exchange between Cu2+ and Ca2+ requires H+ for charge balance. FT-IR secondary derivative spectra and atomic force microscopy analysis gave proof that, the reaction of MG blocks in dried Ca-alginate with Cu2+ and Ca+ were different. Cu2+ may form complex with MG blocks, leading to a much more ordered structure on the surface of the dried Ca-alginate. The dried Ca-alginate bio-adsorbent was regenerated by 100 mmol/L HCI with 91% Cu2+ recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-ling Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Storz H, Müller KJ, Ehrhart F, Gómez I, Shirley SG, Gessner P, Zimmermann G, Weyand E, Sukhorukov VL, Forst T, Weber MM, Zimmermann H, Kulicke WM, Zimmermann U. Physicochemical features of ultra-high viscosity alginates. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:985-95. [PMID: 19394590 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics of the ultra-high viscosity and highly biocompatible alginates extracted from Lessonia nigrescens (UHV(N)) and Lessonia trabeculata (UHV(T)) were analyzed. Fluorescence and (1)H NMR spectroscopies, viscometry, and multi-angle light scattering (MALS) were used for elucidation of the chemical structure, molar mass, and coil size. The sequential structures from NMR spectroscopy showed high guluronate content for UHV(T), but low for UHV(N). Intrinsic viscosity [eta] measurements exhibited unusual high values (up to 2750 mL/g), whereas [eta] of a commercial alginate was only about 970 mL/g. MALS batch measurements of the UHV-alginates yielded ultra-high values of the weight average molar mass (M(w) up to 1.1x10(6) g/mol) and of the z-average gyration radius (R(G)(z) up to 191 nm). The M(w) and R(G)(z) distributions of UHV-alginates and of ultrasonically degraded fractions were determined using size exclusion chromatography combined with MALS and asymmetrical flow-field-flow fractionation. The M(w) dependency of [eta] and R(G)(z) could be described by [eta]=0.059xM(w)(0.78) and R(G)(z)=0.103xM(w)(x). (UHV(N): x=0.52; UHV(T): x=0.53) indicating that the monomer composition has no effect on coil expansion. Therefore, the equations can be used to calculate M(w) and R(G)(z) values of UHV(T)- and UHV(N)-alginate mixtures as used in immunoisolation. Furthermore, the simple and inexpensive capillary viscometry can be used for real-time validation of the extraction and purification process of the UHV-alginates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Storz
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Gomez CG, Pérez Lambrecht MV, Lozano JE, Rinaudo M, Villar MA. Influence of the extraction-purification conditions on final properties of alginates obtained from brown algae (Macrocystis pyrifera). Int J Biol Macromol 2009; 44:365-71. [PMID: 19428468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three methods (ethanol, HCl, and CaCl(2) routes) of sodium alginate extraction-purification from brown seaweeds (Macrocystis pyrifera) were used in order to study the influence of process conditions on final properties of the polymer. In the CaCl(2) route, was found that the precipitation step in presence of calcium ions followed by proton-exchange in acid medium clearly gives alginates with the lowest molecular weight and poor mechanical properties. It is well known that the acid treatment degrade the ether bonds on the polymeric chain. Ethanol route displayed the best performance, where the highest yield and rheological properties were attained with the lowest number of steps. Although the polymer I.1 showed a molar mass and polydispersity index (M(w)/M(n)) similar to those of commercial sample, its mechanical properties were lower. This performance is related to the higher content of guluronic acid in the commercial alginate, which promotes a more successful calcium chelation. Moreover, the employment of pH 4 in the acid pre-treatment improved the yield of the ethanol route, avoiding the ether linkage hydrolysis. Therefore, samples I.2 and I.3 displayed a higher M(w) and a narrower distribution of molecular weights than commercial sample, which gave a higher viscosity and better viscoelastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- César G Gomez
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química, PLAPIQUI (UNS-CONICET), Camino La Carrindanga Km 7, (8000) Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Vauchel P, Le Roux K, Leroux K, Kaas R, Arhaliass A, Baron R, Legrand J. Kinetics modeling of alginate alkaline extraction from Laminaria digitata. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:1291-6. [PMID: 18849163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Alginates being depolymerized during their alkaline extraction, reducing extraction time could help producing higher rheological quality alginates. The purpose of the present work is to study fresh Laminaria digitata destructuration during alkaline extraction and its link to extraction kinetics. Both alginate extraction yield and mean diameter of algae particles were followed for different values of agitation level and initial size of algae pieces. Results highlighted the existence of a link between extraction yield and algal destructuration. Those elements and the specificity of L.digitata structure have been taken into account to propose a kinetics model based on a fluid-particle reaction with decreasing size particles. The model parameters have been adjusted thanks to acquisition data and its predictive capacity was assessed by validation data. Provided predictions appeared to be relevant and the model structure suitability was confirmed, as extraction yield kinetics specific shape was quite reliably described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vauchel
- Département Sciences et Techniques Alimentaires Marines, IFREMER, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
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Lin YM, Wang L. [Self-aggregation property of bacterial alginates extracted from aerobic granules]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2008; 29:1181-1186. [PMID: 18624176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To explore bacterial alginates role in aerobic granules' formation, the alginate was extracted from aerobic granules and identified. Its aggregation property in 50 mg x L(-1) CaCl2 solution was investigated by the atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bacterial alginates amounted to 35.1% +/- 1.9% of granules' dry mass. With the concentration increased from 10 mg x L(-1) to 500 mg x L(-1) in 50 mg x L(-1) CaCl2, the extracted alginates tended to form ordered aggregations, with the shape changed from randomly distributed globules, to rod-like and flower-shaped aggregations, and finally to weblike networks due to their supramolecular self-assembly property. The three dimensional alginate-metal gel is the structural polymer of aerobic granules, and the alginates-Ca2+ gel formation plays an important role in granules' formation and structure stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mei Lin
- Environmental Science and Engineering College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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Torres MR, Sousa APA, Silva Filho EAT, Melo DF, Feitosa JPA, de Paula RCM, Lima MGS. Extraction and physicochemical characterization of Sargassum vulgare alginate from Brazil. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:2067-74. [PMID: 17585891 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alginate fractions from Sargassum vulgare brown seaweed were characterized by (1)H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy and by rheological measurements. The alginate extraction conditions were investigated. In order to carry out the structural and physicochemical characterization, samples extracted for 1 and 5h at 60 degrees C were further purified by re-precipitation with ethanol and denoted as SVLV (S. vulgare low viscosity) and SVHV (S. vulgare high viscosity), respectively. The M/G ratio values for SVLV and SVHV were 1.56 and 1.27, respectively, higher than the ratio for most Sargassum spp. alginates (0.19-0.82). The homopolymeric blocks F(GG) and F(MM) of these fractions characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy were 0.43 and 0.55 for SVHV and 0.36 and 0.58 for SVLV samples, respectively, these values typically being within 0.28-0.77 and 0.07-0.41, respectively. Therefore, the alginate samples from S. vulgare are much richer in mannuronic block structures than those from other Sargassum species. Values of M(w) for alginate samples were also calculated using intrinsic viscosity data. The M(w) value for SVLV (1.94 x 10(5)g/mol) was lower than that for SVHV (3.3 x 10(5)g/mol). Newtonian behavior was observed for a solution concentration as high as 0.7% for SVLV, while for SVHV the solutions behaved as a Newtonian fluid up to 0.5%. The optimal conditions for obtaining the alginates from S. vulgare were 60 degrees C and 5h extraction. Under these conditions, a more viscous alginate in higher yield was extracted from the seaweed biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Torres
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CP 6020, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Alasonati E, Benincasa MA, Slaveykova VI. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to multiangle laser light scattering detector: optimization of crossflow rate, carrier characteristics, and injected mass in alginate separation. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2332-40. [PMID: 17683047 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of the flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) to differential refractive index (DRI) and multiangle laser light scattering (LS) detectors is a powerful tool for characterizing charged polysaccharides such as alginate. However, the correct interpretation of the experimental results and extrapolation of meaningful molecular parameters by using an analytical tool with such a level of complexity requires improvement of the knowledge of the alginate behavior in the channel and careful optimization of the operating conditions. Therefore, the influence of the critical operating parameters, such as crossflow rate, carrier composition and concentration, and sample load, on the alginate retention was carefully evaluated. Combined information obtained simultaneously by DRI and LS detectors over the wide range of the crossflow rate, carrier liquid concentration, and injected amount, allowed to set the appropriate combination of optimal parameters. It was found that the crossflow rate of 0.25 mL/min, carrier solution containing 5x10(-2 )mol/L ammonium or sodium chloride, and 50-100 microg of injected sample mass were necessary to achieve complete separation and determination of the meaningful molecular characteristics. The values of the weight-average hydrodynamic radius (R(Hw)), radius of gyration (R(G)), and molar mass (M), obtained under the optimal conditions were in good agreement to those found for alginates in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Alasonati
- Environmental Biophysical Chemistry, ISTE-ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Fax: +41-21-693-37-39
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Abstract
Replacing dysfunctional endocrine tissues (eg, islets) with healthy, nonautologous material protected against the immune defense of the patient could soon become a reality. Recent advances have resulted in the development of alginate-based microcapsules that meet the demands of biocompatibility, long-term integrity, and function. Focus on the development of good manufacturing practice-conforming microfluidic chip technology for generation of immunoisolated transplants and on cryopreservation technology will bring the cell-based therapy to the market and clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Zimmermann
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, Biozentrum, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Peña C, Hernández L, Galindo E. Manipulation of the acetylation degree of Azotobacter vinelandii alginate by supplementing the culture medium with 3-(N-morpholino)-propane-sulfonic acid. Lett Appl Microbiol 2006; 43:200-4. [PMID: 16869905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2006.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of 3-(N-morpholino)-propane-sulfonic acid (MOPS) on alginate production by Azotobacter vinelandii and its chemical composition (particularly its acetylation degree), as well as on the rheological behaviour of alginate-reconstituted solutions. METHODS AND RESULTS Cultures were grown in 500-ml flasks containing 90 ml of medium supplemented with MOPS in concentrations ranging from 0 to 13.6 mmol l(-1). The acetylation degree of the alginate was significantly influenced by the MOPS concentration, obtaining an alginate with an acetylation degree of 1.4% when 13.6 mmol l(-1) of MOPS was added to the medium. This value was twice as high as that obtained when no MOPS was used. The higher acetylation of the polymer resulted in higher viscosity of alginate solutions, having a more pronounced pseudoplastic behaviour. CONCLUSIONS MOPS added to the culture medium determines the acetyl content of the alginate and thus, the physico-chemical properties of the polymer. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These changes in the functional properties of the polymer can be very valuable in specific applications of alginate in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos.
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Dusseault J, Tam SK, Ménard M, Polizu S, Jourdan G, Yahia L, Hallé JP. Evaluation of alginate purification methods: effect on polyphenol, endotoxin, and protein contamination. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 76:243-51. [PMID: 16265647 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Alginate, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, is widely used for the microencapsulation of islets of Langerhans, allowing their transplantation without immunosuppression. This natural polymer is known to be largely contaminated. The implantation of islets encapsulated using unpurified alginate leads to the development of fibrotic cell overgrowth around the microcapsules and normalization of the blood glucose is restricted to a very short period if it is achieved at all. Several research groups have developed their own purification method and obtained relatively good results. No comparative evaluation of the efficiencies of these methods has been published. We conducted an evaluative study of five different alginate preparations: a pharmaceutical-grade alginate in its raw state, the same alginate after purification according to three different published methods, and a commercially available purified alginate. The results showed that all purification methods reduced the amounts of known contaminants, that is, polyphenols, endotoxins, and proteins, although with varying efficiencies. Increased viscosity of alginate solutions was observed after purification of the alginates. Despite a general efficiency in decreasing contamination levels, all of the purified alginates contained relatively high residual amounts of protein contaminants. Because proteins may be immunogenic, these residual proteins may have a role in persisting microcapsule immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dusseault
- Centre de recherche Guy-Bernier, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 2M4
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