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Azzouz S, Ahadaf S, Zantar S, El Galiou O, Arakrak A, Bakkali M, Laglaoui A. Analysis of the bacterial diversity in Moroccan Jben cheese using TTGE, DGGE, and 16S rRNA sequencing. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:157. [PMID: 38592517 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
This research investigated the physicochemical, microbiological, and bacterial diversity of Jben cheese, a popular artisanal variety in Morocco. The bacterial diversity was explored using culture-independent methods, including temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Significant intra-sample differences were observed for most physicochemical parameters within each milk type, while inter-sample differences occurred between cow and goat cheeses for dry matter and ash. Jben cheese exhibited distinct characteristics, with low pH values of 3.96, 4.16, and 4.18 for cow, goat, and mixed cheeses, respectively. Goat cheeses had higher fat (49.23 g/100 g), ash (1.91 g/100 g), and dry matter (36.39 g/100 g) than cow cheeses. All cheeses displayed high microbial counts, with a notable prevalence of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) group, averaging 8.80 ± 0.92 log CFU/g. Jben cheese also displayed high contamination levels with total coliforms, faecal coliforms, yeast, and molds. Fatty acid profiling revealed fraudulent practices in Jben cheese marketing, with cow or mixed cheeses sold as goat cheese, as proven by low capric acid concentration. HTS analysis of Jben cheese identified ten genera and twenty-four species, highlighting Lactococcus lactis as predominant. TTGE and DGGE confirmed the presence of L. lactis but failed to provide the detailed profile achieved through HTS analysis. HTS has been demonstrated to be more reliable, whereas TTGE/DGGE methods, though informative, were more time-consuming and less reliable. Despite limitations, the combined use of TTGE, DGGE, and HTS provided a comprehensive view of indigenous bacterial communities in Jben cheese, identifying L. lactis as the main species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Azzouz
- Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan. Faculty of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Engineering Research Team, B.P.416, Tangier, Morocco
- Environment and Quality, Research Unite on Nuclear Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 BD Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90010, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Ahadaf
- Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan. Faculty of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Engineering Research Team, B.P.416, Tangier, Morocco
- Environment and Quality, Research Unite on Nuclear Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 BD Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90010, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Said Zantar
- Environment and Quality, Research Unite on Nuclear Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 BD Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90010, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Ouiam El Galiou
- Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan. Faculty of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Engineering Research Team, B.P.416, Tangier, Morocco.
- Environment and Quality, Research Unite on Nuclear Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 BD Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90010, Tangier, Morocco.
| | - Abdelhay Arakrak
- Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan. Faculty of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Engineering Research Team, B.P.416, Tangier, Morocco
- Environment and Quality, Research Unite on Nuclear Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 BD Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90010, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan. Faculty of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Engineering Research Team, B.P.416, Tangier, Morocco
- Environment and Quality, Research Unite on Nuclear Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 BD Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90010, Tangier, Morocco
| | - Amin Laglaoui
- Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Tetouan. Faculty of Science and Technology, Biotechnology and Biomolecular Engineering Research Team, B.P.416, Tangier, Morocco
- Environment and Quality, Research Unite on Nuclear Techniques, National Institute of Agricultural Research, 78 BD Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah, 90010, Tangier, Morocco
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Gao Y, Feng X, Song W, Li Z, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang M. Prognostic significance of serum monoclonal proteins based on immunofixation electrophoresis in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1261-1271. [PMID: 38114824 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05584-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of serum monoclonal components has been associated with poor outcomes in various hematological malignancies. The current study focused on exploring its prognostic role in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Our study represented 314 patients with information on serum immunofixation electrophoresis at diagnosis that were available with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. IFE was positive in 61 patients (19%). Baseline features were comparable between pairs of groups, poor ECOG PS, B symptoms, advanced stage, and high-risk IPI score were significantly more frequent in the + IFE group. Shorter PFS and OS of B-NHL patients were observed in patients who presented at diagnosis with a + IFE, and IFE was the independent predictor of PFS and OS in multivariate analysis. Moreover, integrating IFE into the IPI-M1, IPI-M2, and IPI-M3 models improved the area under the curve for more accurate survival prediction and prognosis. Serum monoclonal proteins are significant prognostic indicators for newly diagnosed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can early identify patients with poor prognosis and guide clinical treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment and Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
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Li M, Muthukumar M. Electro-osmotic flow in nanoconfinement: Solid-state and protein nanopores. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:084905. [PMID: 38411234 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electro-osmotic flow (EOF) is a phenomenon where fluid motion occurs in porous materials or micro/nano-channels when an external electric field is applied. In the particular example of single-molecule electrophoresis using single nanopores, the role of EOF on the translocation velocity of the analyte molecule through the nanopore is not fully understood. The complexity arises from a combination of effects from hydrodynamics in restricted environments, electrostatics emanating from charge decorations and geometry of the pores. We address this fundamental issue using the Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Stokes (PNP-NS) equations for cylindrical solid-state nanopores and three representative protein nanopores (α-hemolysin, MspA, and CsgG). We present the velocity profiles inside the nanopores as a function of charge decoration and geometry of the pore and applied electric field. We report several unexpected results: (a) The apparent charges of the protein nanopores are different from their net charge and the surface charge of the whole protein geometry, and the net charge of inner surface is consistent with the apparent charge. (b) The fluid velocity depends non-monotonically on voltage. The three protein nanopores exhibit unique EOF and velocity-voltage relations, which cannot be simply deduced from their net charge. Furthermore, effective point mutations can significantly change both the direction and the magnitude of EOF. The present computational analysis offers an opportunity to further understand the origins of the speed of transport of charged macromolecules in restricted space and to design desirable nanopores for tuning the speed of macromolecules through nanopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglun Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Bu Y, Wang J, Ni S, Lu Z, Guo Y, Yobas L. High-Performance Gel-Free and Label-Free Size Fractionation of Extracellular Vesicles with Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis in a Microfluidic Artificial Sieve. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3508-3516. [PMID: 38364051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles that exhibit diverse sizes, molecular contents, and clinical implications for various diseases depending on their specific subpopulations. However, fractionation of EV subpopulations with high resolution, efficiency, purity, and yield remains an elusive goal due to their diminutive sizes. In this study, we introduce a novel strategy that effectively separates EV subpopulations in a gel-free and label-free manner, using two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis in a microfluidic artificial sieve. The microfabricated artificial sieve consists of periodically arranged micro-slit-well structures in a 2D array and generates an anisotropic electric field pattern to size fractionate EVs into discrete streams and steer the subpopulations into designated outlets for collection within a minute. Along with fractionating EV subpopulations, contaminants such as free proteins and short nucleic acids can be simultaneously directed to waste outlets, thus accomplishing both size fractionation and purification of EVs with high performance. Our platform offers a simple, rapid, and versatile solution for EV subpopulation isolation, which can potentially facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for specific EV subtypes and the development of EV-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zechen Lu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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Coll De Peña A, Vaduva M, Li NS, Shah S, Ben Frej M, Tripathi A. Enzymatic isolation and microfluidic electrophoresis analysis of residual dsRNA impurities in mRNA vaccines and therapeutics. Analyst 2024; 149:1509-1517. [PMID: 38265070 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02157b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The versatility, rapid development, and ease of production scalability of mRNA therapeutics have placed them at the forefront of biopharmaceutical research. However, despite their vast potential to treat diseases, their novelty comes with unsolved analytical challenges. A key challenge in ensuring sample purity has been monitoring residual, immunostimulatory dsRNA impurities generated during the in vitro transcription of mRNA. Here, we present a method that combines an enzyme, S1 nuclease, to identify and isolate dsRNA from an mRNA sample with a microfluidic electrophoresis analytical platform to characterize the impurity. After the method was developed and optimized, it was tested with clinically relevant, pseudouridine-modified 700 and 1800 bp dsRNA and 818-4451 nt mRNA samples. While the treatment impacted the magnitude of the fluorescent signal used to analyze the samples due to the interference of the buffer with the labeling of the sample, this signal loss was mitigated by 8.8× via treatment optimization. In addition, despite the mRNA concentration being up to 400× greater than that of the dsRNA, under every condition, there was a complete disappearance of the main mRNA peak. While the mRNA peak was digested, the dsRNA fragments remained physically unaffected by the treatment, with no change to their migration time. Using these samples, we detected 0.25% dsRNA impurities in mRNA samples using 15 μL with an analytical runtime of 1 min per sample after digestion and were able to predict their size within 8% of the expected length. The short runtime, sample consumption, and high throughput compatibility make it suitable to support the purity assessment of mRNA during purification and downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Coll De Peña
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Matei Vaduva
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nina S Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | | | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Guo Z, Cao Y, Fan L, Liu W, Wei L, Ma Y, Ren J, Zhang Q, Cao C. A temperature-independent model of dual calibration standards for onsite and point-of-care quantification analyses via electrophoresis titration chip. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1289:342207. [PMID: 38245206 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Electrophoresis titration chip (ETC) is a versatile tool for onsite and point-of-care quantification analyses because it affords naked-eye detection and a straightforward quantification format. However, it is vulnerable to changes in environmental temperature, which regulates the electrophoretic migration by affecting the ion mobility and the target recognition by influencing the enzyme activity. Therefore, the quantification accuracy of the ETC tests was severely compromised. Rather than using the dry bath or heating/cooling units, we proposed a facile model of dual calibration standards (DCS) to mathematically eliminate the effects of temperature on quantification accuracy. To verify our model, we deployed the ETC device at different temperatures ranging from 5 to 40 °C. We further utilized the DCS-ETC to determine the protein content and uric acid concentration in real samples outside the laboratory. All the experimental results showed that our model significantly stabilized the quantification recovery from 35.31-153.44 % to 99.38-103.44 % for protein titration; the recovery of uric acid titration is also stable at 96.25-106.42 %, suggesting the enhanced robustness of the ETC tests. Therefore, DCS-ETC is a field-deployable test that can offer reliable quantification performance without extra equipment for temperature control. We envision that it is promising to be used for onsite applications, including food safety control and disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yiren Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liuyin Fan
- Student Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Weiwen Liu
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Li Wei
- Shanghai 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jicun Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Chengxi Cao
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information & Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Yuan Y, Higashiyama K, Hashiba N, Masumi-Koizumi K, Yusa K, Uchida K. Concise Analysis of Single-Stranded DNA of Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus By Automated Electrophoresis System. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:104-113. [PMID: 38062752 PMCID: PMC10890949 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a prominent viral vector currently available for human gene therapy. The diameter of the rAAV capsid is ∼25 nm, and a positive or negative single-stranded DNA is packaged within the vector capsid. In this report, we describe a concise method to examine the extracted rAAV genome using an automated electrophoresis system. The rAAV genome, prepared from vector particles through either heat treatment at 95°C for 10 min or the phenol-chloroform extraction method, was analyzed using an automated electrophoresis system under denaturation conditions. The heat treatment protocol demonstrated a comparable yield with the phenol-chloroform extraction protocol, and the quantified amounts of the rAAV genome obtained using the automated electrophoresis system were consistent with those quantitated by quantitative PCR. Additionally, crude rAAV extractions could also be analyzed by the automated electrophoresis system after DNase I treatment. These results indicated that this simple and quick analysis using automated electrophoresis is highly useful for confirming the purity and integrity of the rAAV genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Yuan
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriko Hashiba
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kyoko Masumi-Koizumi
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yusa
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Uchida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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Arakawa T, Nakagawa M, Sakuma C, Tomioka Y, Kurosawa Y, Ejima D, Akuta T. Electrophoresis, a transport technology that transitioned from moving boundary method to zone method. Eur Biophys J 2024; 53:1-13. [PMID: 38160206 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Gel electrophoresis, a transport technology, is one of the most widely used experimental methods in biochemical and pharmaceutical research and development. Transport technologies are used to determine hydrodynamic or electrophoretic properties of macromolecules. Gel electrophoresis is a zone technology, where a small volume of sample is applied to a large separation gel matrix. In contrast, a seldom-used electrophoresis technology is moving boundary electrophoresis, where the sample is present throughout the separation phase or gel matrix. While the zone method gives peaks of separating macromolecular solutes, the moving boundary method gives a boundary between solute-free and solute-containing phases. We will review electrophoresis as a transport technology of zone and moving boundary methods and describe its principles and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Arakawa
- Alliance Protein Laboratories, 13380 Pantera Rd., San Diego, CA, 92130, USA.
| | - Masataka Nakagawa
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna Takahagi-Shi, Ibaraki, 318-0004, Japan
| | - Chiaki Sakuma
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna Takahagi-Shi, Ibaraki, 318-0004, Japan
| | - Yui Tomioka
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna Takahagi-Shi, Ibaraki, 318-0004, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kurosawa
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna Takahagi-Shi, Ibaraki, 318-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ejima
- Sysmex Corporation, Technology Innovation, 1548 Shimo-Okutomi, Sayama, Saitama, 350-1332, Japan
| | - Teruo Akuta
- Research and Development Division, Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd., 3333-26, Aza-Asayama, Kamitezuna Takahagi-Shi, Ibaraki, 318-0004, Japan
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Ahmed S, Afzal N, Jafri L, Khan MD, Khan MQA, Iqbal S, Abbas G, Imran K, Ali U, Siddiqui I. Reporting Practices of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Pakistan - a Multicenter Survey. Clin Lab 2024; 70. [PMID: 38345970 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2023.230652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPE) is crucial for the diagnosis and follow-up of monoclonal gammopathy (MG), as it helps to separate and identify these paraproteins. Currently, Pakistan lacks standardized guidelines for SPE reporting and analytical performance. This survey aims to analyze reporting variations from Consultant Chemical Pathologists in Pakistani laboratories. METHODS This cross-sectional survey was conducted by the section of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. A previously validated and published tool was used with some modifications to assess analytical techniques, reporting patterns, and interpretations provided with SPE by different laboratories. Frequency and percentages were calculated for each response and descriptive results were also evaluated. Differences between laboratories were also assessed qualitatively. RESULTS Out of the eight laboratories contacted, seven participated in the survey, yielding a response rate of 87.5%. Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) was used by all labs for serum immunotyping. All labs reported a new small abnormal band in patients with no known monoclonal gammopathy or with a known M-protein. Variations were found in terminologies used to label paraprotein, terminologies used to report normal and pathological SPE patterns, electrophoretic technique, methods for quantifying paraprotein in the gamma region on SPE and for albumin quantification. Similarly, the number of decimal places reported, reporting of multiple monoclonal proteins and small paraprotein in the beta region or monoclonal proteins less than 1 g/L, approach for screening, number of fractions reported in gamma region and reporting of interferences were also not standardized and var-iations were noticed. CONCLUSIONS Our survey highlighted variations in practices of SPE reporting. These differences in laboratory practices could result in inconsistent test results, which could adversely affect patient care.
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Xu J, Yu J, Liu W, Jiang Q, Yu Z, Gan N. A universal dual-mode hydrogel array based on phage-DNA probe for simultaneous rapid screening and precisely quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in foods by the fluorescent/microfluidic chip electrophoresis methods. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342053. [PMID: 38182365 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and specific detection of virulent bacterial strains is a great challenge for food safety regarding large amounts of contaminated samples. Herein, a dual-mode hydrogel array biosensor was constructed to simultaneously rapidly screen and precisely quantitatively detect virulent Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) based on a novel DNA-modified phage probe. First, E. coli O157:H7 was incubated with alginate to form the E. coli O157:H7/hydrogel premix complex. Subsequently, hydrogel formation by cross-linking upon the addition of calcium ions and phages for E. coli O157:H7 modified with a DNA primer (phage-DNA) was added to the alginate hydrogel. The DNA on the complex could trigger rolling circle amplification (RCA) to form a phage probe containing a long-chain DNA skeleton (phage@RCA-DNA). The RCA-DNA was then hybridized with the complementary DNA (cDNA) to form double-stranded DNA fragments (phage@RCA-dsDNA), which could be stained by the SYBR Green dye to emit visual green fluorescence (FL) and determined by a smartphone for rapid screening. Meanwhile, the unreacted cDNA in the supernatant could be quantitatively detected by microfluidic chip electrophoresis (MCE). The signal decrement was also proportional to the bacterial concentration. The detection limit values of E. coli O157:H7 were 50 CFU mL-1 by the FL signal and 6 CFU mL-1 by the MCE signal. The two results could be mutually corrected to decrease the false-positive results. This assay was also employed to detect virulent Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) using the corresponding S. Typhimurium phage@RCA-DNA probe. All these results demonstrated that the universal bioassay was suitable for simultaneous rapid screening and precisely quantitative detection of virulent bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiale Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Weiyue Liu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qianli Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Ning Gan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Xie P, Yang X, Fatima Z, Yang R, Sun H, Xing Y, Xu X, Gu J, Liu L, Li D. Simultaneous separation and analysis of multiple doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes forms in serum by circular nonuniform electric field gel electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342110. [PMID: 38182347 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liposomal formulations have traditionally been considered the most therapeutically effective drug delivery systems (DDS). However, their pharmacokinetics study and efficacy assessment are still challenging given size heterogeneity and unknown forms in vivo. The pharmacodynamic evaluation that solely analyzes total drug concentration is unfit for the liposomal formulation study. Hence, it is crucial to develop effective strategies for the separation and analysis of different forms of liposomal formulations in order to contribute to the study of pharmacokinetic profiles associated with both liposome-incorporated and non-liposomal drugs. (84) RESULTS: A laboratory-built circular nonuniform electric field gel electrophoresis (CNEFGE) system was developed in this study for simultaneous separation and analysis of various forms of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX•HCl) liposomes. Liposomes were effectively fractionized based on their size and higher concentration in situ in the concentration zone, obtaining liposome recovery >95 % and a 3.04 concentration factor. It was found that the technique could be used to evaluate not only the size distribution of liposomes but also the drug loading capacity related to size. The charge-to-size-based separation mechanism has also allowed the simultaneous separation of liposome-entrapped drugs, protein-bound drugs, and free drugs in various forms, and the technique has been successfully employed in serum. Moreover, the quantification analysis of liposomes incubated with serum for 72 h showed that the proportion of the ratio of DOX•HCl in liposome-entrapped drugs, protein-bound drugs, and free drugs is approximately 97:2:1. (143) SIGNIFICANCE: Using the separation principle of gel electrophoresis and the electrification characteristics of drug carriers, this study developed and implemented an efficient approach for the simultaneous separation and concentration of multiple forms of drug liposomes in vivo. This approach offers a wide range of applications in the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety evaluation of drug carriers and liposomes. (56).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijie Xie
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinlei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zakia Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruilin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Huaze Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yuhang Xing
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Donghao Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China; Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City 133002, Jilin Province, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China.
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12
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Lao KM, Pokharel A, Elzieny MMMI, Sykes E, Truscott SM. Defect in Automated Antigen Excess Detection Discovered after Reviewing Serum Free Light Chain Results in Context with Clinical Findings. Lab Med 2024; 55:106-108. [PMID: 37285521 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum κ and λ free light chains can be markedly elevated in monoclonal gammopathies; consequently, serum free light chain (sFLC) immunoassays are susceptible to inaccuracies caused by antigen excess. As a result, diagnostics manufacturers have attempted to automate antigen excess detection. A 75-year-old African-American woman had laboratory findings consistent with severe anemia, acute kidney injury, and moderate hypercalcemia. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis and sFLC testing were ordered. The sFLC results initially showed mildly elevated free λ light chains and normal free κ. The pathologist noted that sFLC results were discrepant with the bone marrow biopsy, electrophoresis, and immunofixation results. After manual dilution of the serum, repeat sFLC testing revealed significantly higher λ sFLC results. Antigen excess causing falsely low sFLC quantitation may not be detected by immunoassay instruments as intended. Correlation with clinical history, serum and urine protein electrophoresis results, and other laboratory findings is essential when interpreting sFLC results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashbita Pokharel
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, US
| | | | - Elizabeth Sykes
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, US
| | - Steven M Truscott
- Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, US
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13
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Zhang Z, Wallace WE, Wang G, Burke MC, Liu Y, Sheetlin SL, Stein SE. Improved Sample Preparation Method for Protein and Peptide Identification from Human Hair. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:409-417. [PMID: 38009783 PMCID: PMC10829973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A fast and sensitive direct extraction (DE) method developed in our group can efficiently extract proteins in 30 min from a 5 cm-long hair strand. Previously, we coupled DE to downstream analysis using gel electrophoresis followed by in-gel digestion, which can be time-consuming. In searching for a better alternative, we found that a combination of DE with a bead-based method (SP3) can lead to significant improvements in protein discovery in human hair. Since SP3 is designed for general applications, we optimized it to process hair proteins following DE and compared it to several other in-solution digestion methods. Of particular concern are genetically variant peptides (GVPs), which can be used for human identification in forensic analysis. Here, we demonstrated improved GVP discovery with the DE and SP3 workflow, which was 3 times faster than the previous in-gel digestion method and required significantly less instrument time depending on the number of gel slices processed. Additionally, it led to an increased number of identified proteins and GVPs. Among the tested in-solution digestion methods, DE combined with SP3 showed the highest sequence coverage, with higher abundances of the identified peptides. This provides a significantly enhanced means for identifying proteins and GVPs in human hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - William E. Wallace
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Meghan C. Burke
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Sergey L. Sheetlin
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Stephen E. Stein
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 USA
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14
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Badr H, Young PE, Dong J, Okorodudu AO. Combined bisalbuminemia and Bisalbuminuria: A rare finding on serum and urine electrophoresis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117635. [PMID: 37952813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are rarely encountered serum and urine albumin anomalies characterized by the presence of a bifid albumin band on serum/urine protein electrophoresis (SPE/UPE) and serum/urine immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE/UIFE). They are usually detected incidentally while screening for monoclonal gammopathy with a cumulative frequency of 1:1,000---1:10,000. CASE REPORT We report two cases of bisalbuminemia in two adult male diabetic patients. The first patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis and strong clinical suspicion for Sjogren syndrome. The SPEP/UPEP and SIFE/UIFE in this patient showed combined bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria. While the second patient had chronic kidney disease due to nephrotic syndrome but showed bisalbuminemia alone. CONCLUSION Bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are rare findings with few case reports available in the English literature. These findings may occur secondary to inherited albumin variants or may be acquired. Diabetes mellitus is the medical condition most associated with acquired bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria. Although most cases of bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are clinically insignificant, some albumin variants may have altered affinity for steroid hormones (e.g., thyroxine) and/or drugs which potentially could be clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Badr
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Paul E Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Anthony O Okorodudu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
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15
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Chang CT. Analysis of Human Endogenous mRNA Deadenylation Complexes by High-Resolution Gel Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2723:47-54. [PMID: 37824063 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3481-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, poly(A) tails stabilize mRNA molecules and play a pivotal role in enhancing translational efficiency. Consequently, the enzymatic shortening of these poly(A) tails by deadenylase enzymes has a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. However, deadenylases are usually large, multisubunit, and multifunctional complexes, which complicates their biochemical analysis. This chapter presents a methodology for isolating human deadenylation complexes from endogenous sources and conducting an in vitro deadenylation assay to examine their enzymatic activity. The reactions involving fluorescently labeled synthetic polyadenylated RNAs are subsequently analyzed using high-resolution denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Te Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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16
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Liu Y, He B, Liu L, Hu L, Jiang G. Fasten the analysis of metal-binding proteins with GE-ICP-MS via increasing the electrolyte concentration of the running buffer. Talanta 2024; 266:125047. [PMID: 37574606 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The coupled system of column gel electrophoresis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GE-ICP-MS) is a highly effective technique for detecting metal-binding proteins. However, it takes a long time for this method to test a single sample, which greatly limits its application. In this study, GE-ICP-MS system was optimized by adjusting the analytical conditions, including the concentration and pH of running buffer and the proportion of polyacrylamide gel. The results of the experiment showed that the migration speed of proteins in GE was enhanced by increasing the electrolyte concentration in the running buffer solution. Additionally, the ICP-MS response, which was dramatically decreased because of the change in running buffer solution, can be stabilized by adjusting pH of running buffer. Meanwhile, the optimization of polyacrylamide gel ratio allows GE-ICP-MS to maintain high resolution for proteins of similar molecular weight with increased detection speed. After increasing the concentration of running buffer by 10 times, four iodine labeled proteins were successfully separated at baseline by the GE-ICP-MS system at pH 8.0 in 40 min using a resolving gel (8%, 7 cm) and a stacking gel (4%, 1 cm), which was three times faster than the original one. Finally, the optimized method was proved by detecting a silver-binding protein in rat plasma samples. The above method provided an effective and rapid detection for metal-binding proteins in organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Lihong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China; School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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17
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Parsons HT. Preparation of Highly Enriched ER Membranes Using Free-Flow Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2772:115-127. [PMID: 38411809 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3710-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) is a technique for separation of proteins, peptides, organelles, and cells. With zone electrophoresis (ZE-FFE), organelles are separated according to surface charge. The ER is the only remaining major cellular compartment in Arabidopsis not to have been isolated using density centrifugation, immune-isolation, or any other method previously applied to purification of plant membranes. By using continuous-flow electrophoresis, ER vesicles of similar surface charge, which may have been fragmented during cell lysis, can be focused. A large portion of these vesicles are of sufficiently different surface charge that separation from the majority of Golgi and other contaminants is possible. Here we adapt an earlier ZE-FFE Golgi isolation protocol for the isolation of highly pure ER vesicles and for tracking the migration of peripheral ER vesicles. Isolating ER vesicles of homogeneous surface charge allows multi-omic analyses to be performed on the ER. This facilitates investigations into structure-function relationships within the ER.
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18
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Nwogbaga I, Kim AH, Camley BA. Physical limits on galvanotaxis. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064411. [PMID: 38243498 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells can polarize and migrate in response to electric fields via "galvanotaxis," which aids wound healing. Experimental evidence suggests cells sense electric fields via molecules on the cell's surface redistributing via electrophoresis and electroosmosis, though the sensing species has not yet been conclusively identified. We develop a model that links sensor redistribution and galvanotaxis using maximum likelihood estimation. Our model predicts a single universal curve for how galvanotactic directionality depends on field strength. We can collapse measurements of galvanotaxis in keratocytes, neural crest cells, and granulocytes to this curve, suggesting that stochasticity due to the finite number of sensors may limit galvanotactic accuracy. We find cells can achieve experimentally observed directionalities with either a few (∼100) highly polarized sensors or many (∼10^{4}) sensors with an ∼6-10% change in concentration across the cell. We also identify additional signatures of galvanotaxis via sensor redistribution, including the presence of a tradeoff between accuracy and variance in cells being controlled by rapidly switching fields. Our approach shows how the physics of noise at the molecular scale can limit cell-scale galvanotaxis, providing important constraints on sensor properties and allowing for new tests to determine the specific molecules underlying galvanotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifunanya Nwogbaga
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - A Hyun Kim
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Brian A Camley
- Thomas C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
- William H. Miller III Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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19
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An X, Li P, Zhang C. Deep Cascade-Learning Model via Recurrent Attention for Immunofixation Electrophoresis Image Analysis. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2023; 42:3847-3859. [PMID: 37698964 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3314507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE) analysis has been an indispensable prerequisite for the diagnosis of M-protein, which is an important criterion to recognize diversified plasma cell diseases. Existing intelligent methods of IFE diagnosis commonly employ a single unified classifier to directly classify whether M-protein exists and which isotype of M-protein is. However, this unified classification is not optimal because the two tasks have different characteristics and require different feature extraction techniques. Classifying the M-protein existence depends on the presence or absence of dense bands in IFE data, while classifying the M-protein isotype depends on the location of dense bands. Consequently, a cascading two-classifier framework suitable to the two tasks respectively may achieve better performance. In this paper, we propose a novel deep cascade-learning model, which sequentially integrates a positive-negative classifier based on deep collocative learning and an isotype classifier based on recurrent attention model to address these two tasks respectively. Specifically, the attention mechanism can mimic the visual perception of clinicians, where only the most informative local regions are extracted through sequential partial observations. This not only avoids the interference of redundant regions but also saves computational power. Further, domain knowledge about SP lane and heavy-light-chain lanes is also introduced to assist our attention location. Extensive numerical experiments show that our deep cascade-learning outperforms state-of-the-art methods on recognized evaluation metrics and can effectively capture the co-location of dense bands in different lanes.
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20
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Young TW, Kappler MP, Hockaden NM, Carpenter RL, Jacobson SC. Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles by Resistive-Pulse Sensing on In-Plane Multipore Nanofluidic Devices. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16710-16716. [PMID: 37916500 PMCID: PMC10841850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived, naturally produced, membrane-bound nanoscale particles that are linked to cell-cell communication and the propagation of diseases. Here, we report the design and testing of in-plane nanofluidic devices for resistive-pulse measurements of EVs derived from bovine milk and human breast cancer cells. The devices were fabricated in plane with three nanopores in series to determine the particle volume and diameter, two pore-to-pore regions to measure the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential, and an in-line filter to prevent cellular debris and aggregates from entering the nanopore region. Devices were tested with and without the channels coated with a short-chain PEG silane to minimize electroosmotic flow and permit an accurate measurement of the electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential of the EVs. To enhance throughput of EVs, vacuum was applied to the waste reservoir to increase particle frequencies up to 1000 min-1. The nanopores had cross-sections 200 nm wide and 200 nm deep and easily resolved EV diameters from 60 to 160 nm. EVs from bovine milk and human breast cancer cells had similar particle size distributions, but their zeta potentials differed by 2-fold, -8 ± 1 and -4 ± 1 mV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner W Young
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Michael P Kappler
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Natasha M Hockaden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7005, United States
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7005, United States
| | - Stephen C Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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21
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Sha Y, Yu H, Xiong J, Wang J, Fei T, Wu D, Yang K, Zhang L. Separation and purification of active ingredients in tobacco by free-flow electrophoresis. Anal Methods 2023; 15:5885-5890. [PMID: 37905587 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01708g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The active ingredients from tobacco extracts were continuously separated and purified using a homemade free-flow electrophoresis apparatus. A rectangular free flow electrophoresis device was constructed for the continuous separation and preparation, and the operating conditions of the device were optimized. The fractions obtained from the free-flowing component collection unit were then detected by HPLC and GC-MS. The results showed that a 90% methanol-water solution could maximize the extraction of the active components from tobacco. Chlorogenic acid and nicotine were enriched in three and four of 24 fractions, respectively, after free-flow isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. 2-Hydroxy-2-cyclopentene-1-one, 1-(2-methyl-1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl) ethanone, nornicotine, cotinine, and scopolamine were separated and enriched synchronously. Overall, the use of free-flow electrophoresis technology for the separation and purification of the active substances in tobacco can improve the comprehensive utilization rate of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Sha
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke, Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Junwei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke, Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Ting Fei
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke, Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Da Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke, Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cigarette Smoke, Technology Center of Shanghai Tobacco Group Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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22
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Shah SK, Hagrass HA. Evusheld, a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-directed attachment inhibitor, appears in serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation: a case study. Lab Med 2023; 54:e201-e203. [PMID: 37707512 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation (IFE) assays are commonly used to diagnose and monitor patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Identifying analytical interferences in SPE and IFE caused by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (tmAbs) can be challenging. Here we report the case of a 72-year-old male with a long history of relapsed immunoglobulin (Ig)G kappa MM. A follow-up SPE showed the original peak plus 2 additional cathode peaks. Immunofixation was ordered as a reflex test to investigate the new peaks that showed initial patient monoclonal IgG kappa in addition to 2 restricted bands of the IgG kappa type. Therapeutic monoclonal antibody interference was suspected and the patient's chart was reviewed. The patient was not on any antimyeloma monoclonal antibody therapy. However, preexposure prophylaxis therapeutic monoclonal antibodies tixagevimab plus cilgavimab (Evusheld) for severe acute SARS-CoV-2 was administered approximately 45 minutes before sample collection, which led to the identifiable spikes and correlated bands. After 2 days, the IgG kappa bands disappeared, confirming this therapy's effect on SPE and IFE. Therefore, clinical pathologists should be aware of when providers prescribe new monoclonal antibody therapy and become familiar with the position of commonly prescribed (tmAbs) therapies at their institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K Shah
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
| | - Hoda A Hagrass
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, US
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23
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de Toledo Piza CFS, Aranda CS, Solé D, Jolles S, Condino-Neto A. Screening for Antibody Deficiencies in Adults by Serum Electrophoresis and Calculated Globin. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1873-1880. [PMID: 37505322 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the correlation between calculated globulin (CG, total protein level minus albumin level) and the gamma globulin fraction (Gamma), obtained from serum protein electrophoresis with serum IgG levels in adults (≥ 18 years). METHODS Using linear regression models, analyses of CG and Gamma levels correlation with IgG levels in adults were performed. Receiver-operator curves were created to determine cutoff values and the respective sensitivity and specificity measures. RESULTS A total of 886 samples were analyzed. CG and Gamma were positively and statistically correlated with IgG levels (r2 = 0.4628 for CG, and = 0.7941 for Gamma, p < 0.0001 for both analyses). For the detection of hypogammaglobulinemia, i.e., IgG level below the reference value (6 g/L), a CG cutoff value of 24 g/L showed a sensitivity of 86.2% (95% CI 69.4-94.5) and a specificity of 92% (90.0-93.6). A Gamma cutoff value of 7.15 g/L yielded a sensitivity of 100% (88.3-100) and a specificity of 96.8 (95.3-97.8). CONCLUSION Both CG and Gamma levels determined by protein electrophoresis analysis may be used to screen for antibody deficiencies in adults, enabling earlier diagnosis of antibody deficiencies in a routine clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Sanchez Aranda
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Jolles
- Immunodeficiency Centre for Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Antonio Condino-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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24
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Teuwen JTJ, Ritzen LFL, Knapen-Portz YM, Ludwiczek PK, Damoiseaux JGMC, van Beers JJBC, de Boer D. Identifying therapeutic monoclonal antibodies using target protein collision electrophoresis reflex assay to separate the wheat from the chaff. J Immunol Methods 2023; 522:113552. [PMID: 37652294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal gammopathies are characterized by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulins, also known as M-proteins. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (t-mAbs) can interfere in laboratory assays used to monitor the state of disease, such as serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). To establish a correct interpretation of IFE, Target protein-Collision Immunofixation Electrophoresis Reflex Assay (T-CIERA) was developed to identify t-mAbs in IFE. Here we demonstrate that T-CIERA is applicable to a wide variety of t-mAbs for which the target protein is commercially available. Moreover, the shift observed was characteristic for each t-mAb, and T-CIERA enabled the identification of multiple t-mAbs sharing a common target protein. Additionally, the lower limit of detection (LLOD) was determined objectively, and T-CIERA demonstrated an adequate LLOD for all tested t-mAbs. Furthermore, T-CIERA was also successfully applied to serum samples obtained from patients receiving daratumumab, isatuximab, elotuzumab, and durvalumab treatment. In conclusion, T-CIERA is a suitable reflex assay for identifying a wide variety of t-mAbs, including those for which no commercial assay is available to deal with their interference. Moreover, CD38-CIERA could serve as an alternative or complementary test to the commercially available Hydrashift assay kits. T-CIERA would enable laboratories without mass spectrometry equipment and expertise in this area to distinguish between drug and disease to improve clinical response monitoring and diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules T J Teuwen
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, section Protein Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lucas F L Ritzen
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, section Protein Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvon M Knapen-Portz
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, section Protein Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Patricia K Ludwiczek
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, section Protein Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan G M C Damoiseaux
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, section Protein Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joyce J B C van Beers
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, section Protein Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Douwe de Boer
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, section Protein Chemistry, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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25
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Yu YS, Ren Q, Tan RR, Ding HM. Exploring the non-monotonic DNA capture behavior in a charged graphene nanopore. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28034-28042. [PMID: 37846110 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03767c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore-based biomolecule detection has emerged as a promising and sought-after innovation, offering high throughput, rapidity, label-free analysis, and cost-effectiveness, with potential applications in personalized medicine. However, achieving efficient and tunable biomolecule capture into the nanopore remains a significant challenge. In this study, we employ all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the capture of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules into graphene nanopores with varying positive charges. We discover a non-monotonic relationship between the DNA capture rate and the charge of the graphene nanopore. Specifically, the capture rate initially decreases and then increases with an increase in nanopore charge. This behavior is primarily attributed to differences in the electrophoretic force, rather than the influence of electroosmosis or counterions. Furthermore, we also observe this non-monotonic trend in various ionic solutions, but not in ionless solutions. Our findings shed light on the design of novel DNA sequencing devices, offering valuable insights into enhancing biomolecule capture rates in nanopore-based sensing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sheng Yu
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
- National Lab of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Science, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Rong-Ri Tan
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Hong-Ming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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26
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Fariba G, Rasool M, Mahsa H. Study the Profile of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Protein by Electrophoresis and Identification of the Immunodominant Proteins. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1563-1571. [PMID: 38590683 PMCID: PMC10998945 DOI: 10.32592/ari.2023.78.5.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease is an extremely infectious and occasionally fatal viral disease with a rapid onset and a short course that affects cloven-hoofed animals and results in considerable financial losses. Today, Foot-and-mouth disease is controlled by traditional inactivated vaccines. Due to the short duration of immunity, a study was conducted for proteins of the virus as well as obtaining immunodominant proteins to design more efficient vaccines against Foot-and-mouth disease virus. This research aims to study the profile of Foot-and-mouth disease virus protein by electrophoresis and identification of the immunodominant proteins. The purified Foot-and-mouth disease virus was purchased then the protein concentration of that solution was measured by Lowry method. SDS-PAGE was done to achieve the protein profiles of the virus and immunization of 5 guinea pigs was done, then blood samples were taken for obtaining serum. Finally, serology tests; double immunodiffusion, ELISA, and western blotting were used to evaluate antigen response to antibodies (antigenic immunization). The protein concentration was 3.5 mg/ml. In SDS-PAGE with 10% gel, the protein profile of the virus was observed. After immunization, by conducting double immunodiffusion tests, the sediment lines between the serum antibody and the antigen of the virus were formed. Also, The ELISA test showed that the antibodies were formed against the antigens. In the western blot test, two immunodominant proteins of the FMD virus were obtained. According to the results, the immunodominant proteins of the FMD virus were determined. These proteins can be used in immunological diagnostic methods and also novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golchinfar Fariba
- Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry, Razi vaccine and serum research institute, Agricultural research education and extension organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Madani Rasool
- Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry, Razi vaccine and serum research institute, Agricultural research education and extension organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Hezarosi Mahsa
- Department of Proteomics and Biochemistry, Razi vaccine and serum research institute, Agricultural research education and extension organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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27
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Zheng J, Wang H. Highly Efficient Gel Electrophoresis for Accurate Quantification of Nucleic Acid Modifications via in-Gel Digestion with UHPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13407-13411. [PMID: 37642231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Gel electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the characterization of sequences, sizes and conformations of nucleic acids due to its remarkable separation efficiency. In parallel, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has established itself as a staple tool for the meticulous characterization and accurate quantification of a multitude of DNA modifications. In this study, we devised an in-gel digestion method for coupling gel electrophoresis with LC-MS/MS. This process involves the enzymatic digestion of DNA within the gel by nucleases and release single nucleosides, which subsequently serve as a preprocessing step for (LC-MS/MS) analysis. We demonstrated that ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the routine gel electrophoresis buffer reduced the enzymatic digestion efficiency, while Mg2+ could mitigate this inhibition. We further showed EDTA-free gel electrophoresis and the process of digestion of genomic DNA and plasmid DNA within a gel was fluorescently imaged, proving the efficient digestion of DNA. By this improvement, the efficiency of an in-gel digestion could reach 60% or more of the control, compared with direct in-solution digestion. The measured abundances of DNA modifications (5-methylcytosine and N6-methyladenine) via in-gel digestion are consistent with that measured by in-solution digestion. Collectively, we showed an in-gel digestion method, which is a very useful pretreatment technique for the precise quantification of epigenetic modifications in diverse DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Ahmadi E, Sadeghi A, Chakraborty S. Slip-Coupled Electroosmosis and Electrophoresis Dictate DNA Translocation Speed in Solid-State Nanopores. Langmuir 2023; 39:12292-12301. [PMID: 37603825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the DNA translocation speed is critical in nanopore sequencing, but remains rather challenging in practice, as attributable to a complex coupling between nanoscale fluidics and electrically mediated migration of DNA in a dynamically evolving manner. One important factor influencing the translocation speed is the DNA-liquid slippage stemming from the hydrophobic nature of the oligonucleotide, an aspect that has been widely ignored in the reported literature. In an effort to circumvent this conceptual deficit, here we first develop an analytical model to bring out the slip-mediated coupling between the electroosmosis and DNA-electrophoresis in a solid-state nanopore at low surface charge limits, ignoring the end effects. Subsequently, we compare these results with the numerical simulation data on electrokinetically modulated DNA translocation in such a nanopore, albeit of finite length with due accommodation of the end effects, connecting two end reservoirs by deploying a fully coupled Poisson-Nernst-Plank-Stokes flow model. Both the numerical and analytical results indicate that the DNA translocation speed is a linearly increasing function of the slip length, with more than four-fold increase being observed for a slip length as minimal as 0.5 nm as compared to the no-slip scenario. Considering specific strategies on demand for arresting high translocation speeds for accurate DNA sequencing, the above results establish a theoretical proposition for the same, premised on an analytical expression of the DNA-hydrophobicity modulated enhancement in the translocation speed for designing a nanopore-based sequencing platform─a paradigm that remained to be underemphasized thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Arman Sadeghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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29
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Singh G, Arinze N, Manthei DM, Plapp FV, Bollag RJ. Urine Protein Immunofixation Electrophoresis: Free Light Chain Urine Immunofixation Electrophoresis Is More Sensitive than Conventional Assays for Detecting Monoclonal Light Chains and Could Serve as a Marker of Minimal Residual Disease. Lab Med 2023; 54:527-533. [PMID: 36857478 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmac155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin monoclonal light chains (MLCs) in serum and urine are markers for monoclonal gammopathy and could serve as markers of minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM). Excretion of MLCs in urine is known to result in renal damage and shorter survival in patients with LC-predominant MM. METHODS Retrospective review of urine immunofixation in 1738 specimens at 3 medical centers was conducted to assess the utility of urinalysis for diagnosis and monitoring of monoclonal gammopathy. We tested 228 stored urine specimens via the modified urine immunofixation method, using antisera to assay free LCs (FLCs). RESULTS Our review of urine immunofixation results and medical records validated the theory that the only meaningful value-added finding was detection of monoclonal free light chains. Examination of 228 urine specimens using our novel method revealed 18.4% additional positive results. The rate of incremental findings for lambda LCs was nearly 3-fold higher than for kappa LCs. CONCLUSIONS The new method of urine immunofixation is significantly more sensitive and more efficient than the conventional method for detecting MLCs in urine. The new assay appears to be sensitive enough to prove that MLCs serve as a marker of MRD in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmukh Singh
- Department of Pathology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Nkechi Arinze
- Department of Pathology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | | | | | - Roni J Bollag
- Department of Pathology Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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30
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SONG X, GUO Z, LIU W, ZHA G, FAN L, CAO C, ZHANG Q. [Detection and analysis of moving reaction boundary-based electrophoresis distance using smartphone images]. Se Pu 2023; 41:752-759. [PMID: 37712539 PMCID: PMC10507530 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2023.06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophoresis titration (ET) based on the moving reaction boundary (MRB) theory can detect the analyte contents in different samples by converting content signals into distance signals. However, this technique is only suitable for on-site qualitative testing, and accurate quantification relies on complex optical equipment and computers. Hence, applying this method to real-time point-of-care testing (POCT) is challenging. In this study, we developed a smartphone-based ET system based on a visual technique to achieve real-time quantitative detection. First, we developed a portable quantitative ET device that can connect to a smartphone; this device consisted of five components, namely, an ET chip, a power module, a microcontroller, a liquid crystal display screen, and a Bluetooth module. The device measured 10 cm×15 cm×2.5 cm, weighed 300 g, and was easy to hold. Thus, it is suitable for on-site testing with a run time of only 2-4 min. An assistant mobile software program was also developed to control the device and perform ET. The colored electrophoresis boundary can be captured using the smartphone camera, and quantitative detection results can be obtained in real time. Second, we proposed a quantitative algorithm based on ET channels. The software was used to recognize the boundary migration distance of three channels, a standard curve based on two given contents of the standards was established using the two-point method, and the content of the test sample was calculated. Human serum albumin (HSA) and uric acid (UA) were used as a model protein and biosample, respectively, to test the performance of the detection system. For HSA detection, different HSA solutions were mixed with a polyacrylamide gel (PAG) stock solution, phenolphthalein was added as an indicator, and sodium persulfate and tetramethyl ethylenediamine (TEMED) were used to promote polymerization to form a gel. For UA detection, agarose gel was filled into the ET channel, the UA sample, urate oxidase, and leucomalachite green were added into the anode cell and incubated for 20 min. ET was then performed. The fitting goodness (R2) values of HSA and UA were 0.9959 and 0.9935, respectively, with a linear range of 0.5-35.0 g/L and a log-linear range of 100-4000 μmol/L. The limits of detection for HSA and UA were 0.05 g/L and 50 μmol/L, respectively, and the corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) were not greater than 2.87% and 3.21%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the detection system has good accuracy and sensitivity. Clinical samples collected from healthy volunteers were used as target blood samples, and the developed system was used to measure serum total protein and UA levels. Serum samples from five volunteers were selected, standard curves of total serum protein and UA were established, and the test results were compared with hospital standard testing results. The relative errors for serum total protein and UA were less than 6.03% and 6.21%, respectively, and the corresponding RSDs were less than 3.72% and 5.84%, respectively. These findings verify the accuracy and reliability of the proposed detection system. The smartphone-based ET detection system introduced in this paper presents several advantages. First, it enables the portable real-time detection of total serum protein and UA. Second, compared with traditional ET strategies based on colored boundaries, it does not rely on optical detection equipment or computers to obtain quantitative detection results; as such, it can reduce the complexity of the operation and provide portability and real-time metrics. Third, the detection of two biomarkers, serum total protein and UA, is achieved on the same device, thereby improving the multitarget detection potential of the ET method. These advantages render the developed method a promising detection platform for clinical applications and real-time POCT.
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31
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Dutta A, Santra AK, Ganguly R. Temperature gradient focusing of bio-analyte in a microfluidic channel dealing with non-Newtonian electrolyte considering temperature-dependent zeta potential. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:1369-1376. [PMID: 37332180 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Temperature gradient focusing (TGF) relies on establishing a precise balance between the electrophoretic motility of a target analyte and the advective flow of the background electrolyte (BGE) to locally concentrate the analyte in a microfluidic configuration. This paper presents a finite-element-based numerical analysis where the coupled electric field and the transport equations are solved to describe the effects of the shear-dependent apparent viscosity of a non-Newtonian BGE on the localized concentration buildup of a charged bio-sample inside a microchannel by TGF via Joule heating. Effects of the temperature-dependent nature of the wall zeta potential and the flow behavior index (n) of BGE on the flow, thermal, and species concentration profiles inside the microchannel have been investigated. Study using a fluorescein-Na analyte sample shows that the maximum normalized analyte concentration (Cmax /C0 ) reduces as the zeta potential increases linearly with temperature. The maximum concentration enhancement is achieved when the BGE displays the Newtonian rheology. For example, Cmax /C0 increases 134- to 280-fold when n is increased from 0.8 to 1 (pseudoplastic regime) and again reduces to 190-fold when n increases further from 1 to 1.2 (dilatant regime).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Dutta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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32
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Ravald H, Moghaddam AH, Jaikishan S, Lavainne M, Wiedmer SK. Effect of liposome composition on β-blocker interactions studied by capillary electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300414. [PMID: 37496318 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Liposome capillary electrokinetic chromatography was used to investigate the interactions between three β-blockers of different hydrophobicity and various liposome solutions. The studied β-blockers comprised alprenolol, propranolol, and carvedilol. The composition of the liposome solutions, containing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phos-phoethanolamine, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine, and cholesterol in various molar ratios, was designed by a response surface methodology-central composite design approach. Subsequently, after conducting the liposome capillary electrokinetic chromatography experiments and determining the retention factors from the electrophoretic mobilities of the compounds, and further calculating the distribution coefficients, an analysis of variance was performed. After extracting the statistical models, optimal operational conditions were obtained based on the developed models. To further investigate the interactions between the β-blockers and the liposomes, nanoplasmonic sensing experiments were carried out on two different liposome systems. The overall results demonstrate the strong influence of cholesterol and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine on the distribution coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Ravald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amin Hedayati Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marine Lavainne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Zhang F, Xu J, Zhang C, Li Y, Gao J, Qu L, Zhang S, Zhu S, Zhang J, Yang B. Three-Dimensional Histological Electrophoresis for High-Throughput Cancer Margin Detection in Multiple Types of Tumor Specimens. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7607-7614. [PMID: 37527513 PMCID: PMC10450807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate identification of tumor margins during cancer surgeries relies on a rapid detection technique that can perform high-throughput detection of multiple suspected tumor lesions at the same time. Unfortunately, the conventional histopathological analysis of frozen tissue sections, which is considered the gold standard, often demonstrates considerable variability, especially in many regions without adequate access to trained pathologists. Therefore, there is a clinical need for a multitumor-suitable complementary tool that can accurately and high-throughput assess tumor margins in every direction within the surgically resected tissue. We herein describe a high-throughput three-dimensional (3D) histological electrophoresis device that uses tumor-specific proteins to identify and contour tumor margins intraoperatively. Testing on seven cell-line xenograft models and human cervical cancer models (representing five types of tissues) demonstrated the high-throughput detection utility of this approach. We anticipate that the 3D histological electrophoresis device will improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosing a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Zhang
- Joint
Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for
Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Joint
Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for
Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Zhang
- Department
of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yin Li
- Joint
Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for
Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Gao
- Joint
Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for
Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Limei Qu
- Department
of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin
University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Songling Zhang
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First
Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Joint
Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for
Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- Joint
Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for
Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint
Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for
Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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34
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Su L, Gong X, Zhou J, Li H. An efficient and recyclable electroeluter: from homemade to modular design for potential mass production. Lab Chip 2023; 23:3874-3881. [PMID: 37539696 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00428g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoresis is one of the most powerful techniques to separate nucleic acids or protein molecules. The recovery of purified components from the gel is key to downstream analysis or function study. Here, we provide a cost-effective electroeluter in both homemade and module-assembled versions. The recovery yield can reach as high as >90% for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and protein in practical testing, which outperforms a commercial kit as well as a purchased electroeluter. It fully addresses the existing concerns in this field. First of all, for almost all kits, there remains ambiguity in recovering ssDNA to satisfy specific demands, which is generally ignored. Secondly, the recovery of dsDNA from agarose gel with consumables is vulnerable to a lot of factors and involves chemicals/materials that are not friendly to the environment and operating personnel. Thirdly, recovery from polyacrylamide matrices is very difficult, and the most exploited diffusion method through crush-and-soak suffers from low yield even after a long-time diffusion. Lastly, there is a universal problem in scaling up, especially for commercial electroeluters. The present electroelution method addresses the above issues, and it is believed that it will facilitate associated research and find widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Su
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueting Gong
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ju Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hailong Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Coll De Peña A, Li N, Vaduva M, Bwanali L, Tripathi A. A microfluidic electrophoretic dual dynamic staining method for the identification and relative quantitation of dsRNA contaminants in mRNA vaccines. Analyst 2023; 148:3758-3767. [PMID: 37439498 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00281k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
mRNA vaccines (i.e., COVID-19 vaccine) offer various advantages over traditional vaccines in preventing and reducing disease and shortening the time between pathogen discovery and vaccine creation. Production of mRNA vaccines results in several nucleic acid and enzymatic by-products, most of which can be detected and removed; however, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) contaminants pose a particular challenge. Current purification and detection platforms for dsRNA vary in effectiveness, with problems in scalability for mass mRNA vaccine production. Effectively detecting dsRNA is crucial in ensuring the safety and efficacy of the vaccines, as these strands can cause autoimmune reactions with length-symptom dependency and enhance mRNA degradation. We present a new microfluidics method to rapidly identify and quantify dsRNA fragments in mRNA samples. Our innovation exploits the differences in the dynamic staining behavior between mRNA and dsRNA molecules to detect dsRNA contaminants in a high throughput approach. The limit of detection of the system for dsRNA was estimated to be between 17.7-76.6 pg μL-1 with a maximum loading capacity of mRNA of 12.99 ng μL-1. Based on these estimated values, our method allows for the detection of dsRNA contaminants present in percentages as low as 0.14-0.59% compared to the total mRNA concentration. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanism of the dynamic staining behavior of dsRNA and mRNA for two different stains. We believe our method will accelerate the mRNA vaccine development from initial development to quality control workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Coll De Peña
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Nina Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Matei Vaduva
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | | | - Anubhav Tripathi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Zhang F, Xu J, Yue Y, Wang Y, Sun J, Song D, Zhang C, Qu L, Zhu S, Zhang J, Yang B. Three-dimensional histological electrophoresis enables fast automatic distinguishment of cancer margins and lymph node metastases. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg2690. [PMID: 37390200 PMCID: PMC10313175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Tissue diagnosis is important during surgical excision of solid tumors for margin evaluation. Conventional histopathologic methods rely heavily on image-based visual diagnosis by specialized pathologists, which can be time-consuming and subjective. We report a three-dimensional (3D) histological electrophoresis system for rapid labeling and separation of the proteins within tissue sections, providing a more precise assessment of tumor-positive margin in surgically resected tissues. The 3D histological electrophoresis system uses a tumor-seeking dye labeling strategy to visualize the distribution of tumor-specific proteins within sections and a tumor finder that automatically predicts the tumor contour. We successfully demonstrated the system's capability to predict the tumor contours from five murine xenograft models and distinguish the tumor-invaded region of sentinel lymph nodes. Specifically, we used the system to accurately assess tumor-positive margins from 14 patients with cancer. Our 3D histological electrophoresis system serves as an intraoperative tissue assessment technology for more accurate and automatic pathologic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ying Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Sun
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Chengbin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Limei Qu
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, P. R. China
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Abstract
Gel matrices are fundamental to electrophoresis analyses of biopolymers in microscale channels. Both capillary gel and microchannel gel electrophoresis systems have produced fundamental advances in the scientific community. These analytical techniques remain as foundational tools in bioanalytical chemistry and are indispensable in the field of biotherapeutics. This review summarizes the current state of gels in microscale channels and provides a brief description of electrophoretic transport in gels. In addition to the discussion of traditional polymers, several nontraditional gels are introduced. Advances in gel matrices highlighted include selective polymers modified to contain added functionality as well as thermally responsive gels formed through self-assembly. This review discusses cutting-edge applications to challenging areas of discovery in DNA, RNA, protein, and glycan analyses. Finally, emerging techniques that result in multifunctional assays for real-time biochemical processing in capillary and three-dimensional channels are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA;
| | - Laura D Casto-Boggess
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA;
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38
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Farsijani F, Safi S, Shirazi Beheshtiha SH. Comparison of the Performance of Bioresonance, Electrophoresis and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Feline Infectious Peritonitis. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1077-1085. [PMID: 38028839 PMCID: PMC10657951 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2023.360790.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) continues to be one of the most researched infectious diseases of cats. The diagnosis of FIP is challenging, and diverse techniques have been developed for its accurate diagnosis. However, they have some limitations. The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of specific modulation frequency (SMF), compared to other routine diagnostic methods for detecting feline coronavirus. Blood samples were collected from 30 diseased cats suspected of having FIP based on clinical signs. Electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and SMF tests were performed for each sample. The sensitivity and specificity of each test, as well as the agreement between the tests and the gold standard (the combination of PCR, electrophoresis, and bioresonance results), were calculated using the Kappa coefficient method. The sensitivity and specificity of electrophoresis, PCR, and SMF for the diagnosis of FIP were 70.6%, 70.6%, 100%, and 100%, 72.7%, 81.8%, respectively. According to the findings of the present study, SMF is effective and safe in FIP diagnosis, which is a challenge in veterinary medicine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Farsijani
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Safi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S H Shirazi Beheshtiha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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39
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Babaei E, Wright D, Gordon R. Fringe Di electrophoresis Nanoaperture Optical Trapping with Order of Magnitude Speed-Up for Unmodified Proteins. Nano Lett 2023; 23:2877-2882. [PMID: 36999922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule analysis of proteins in an aqueous environment without modification (e.g., labels or tethers) elucidates their biophysics and interactions relevant to drug discovery. By combining fringe-field dielectrophoresis with nanoaperture optical tweezers we demonstrate an order of magnitude faster time-to-trap for proteins when the counter electrode is outside of the solution. When the counter electrode is inside the solution (the more common configuration found in the literature), electrophoresis speeds up the trapping of polystyrene nanospheres, but this was not effective for proteins in general. Since time-to-trap is critical for high-thoughput analysis, these findings are a major advancement to the nanoaperture optical trapping technique for protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Babaei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P5C2
| | - Demelza Wright
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P5C2
| | - Reuven Gordon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8P5C2
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Miltner N, Kalló G, Csősz É, Miczi M, Nagy T, Mahdi M, Mótyán JA, Tőzsér J. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) Cleavage Sites Using Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and In Silico Cleavage Site Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043236. [PMID: 36834648 PMCID: PMC9965337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays a crucial role in its life cycle. The Mpro-mediated limited proteolysis of the viral polyproteins is necessary for the replication of the virus, and cleavage of the host proteins of the infected cells may also contribute to viral pathogenesis, such as evading the immune responses or triggering cell toxicity. Therefore, the identification of host substrates of the viral protease is of special interest. To identify cleavage sites in cellular substrates of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, we determined changes in the HEK293T cellular proteome upon expression of the Mpro using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The candidate cellular substrates of Mpro were identified by mass spectrometry, and then potential cleavage sites were predicted in silico using NetCorona 1.0 and 3CLP web servers. The existence of the predicted cleavage sites was investigated by in vitro cleavage reactions using recombinant protein substrates containing the candidate target sequences, followed by the determination of cleavage positions using mass spectrometry. Unknown and previously described SARS-CoV-2 Mpro cleavage sites and cellular substrates were also identified. Identification of target sequences is important to understand the specificity of the enzyme, as well as aiding the improvement and development of computational methods for cleavage site prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Miltner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kalló
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márió Miczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mohamed Mahdi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János András Mótyán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (J.T.); Tel.: +36-52-512-900 (J.A.M. & J.T.)
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (J.T.); Tel.: +36-52-512-900 (J.A.M. & J.T.)
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Weber MU, Petkowski JJ, Weber RE, Krajnik B, Stemplewski S, Panek M, Dziubak T, Mrozinska P, Piela A, Lo SL, Montanaro Ochoa HF, Yerino CD. Chip for dielectrophoretic microbial capture, separation and detection I: theoretical basis of electrode design. Nanotechnology 2023; 34:135502. [PMID: 36571849 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acae5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We model the dielectrophoretic response ofE. colibacterial cells and red blood cells, upon exposure to an electric field. We model the separation, capture, and release mechanisms under flow conditions in a microfluidic channel and show under which conditions efficient separation of different cell types occurs. The modelling work is aimed to guide the separation electrode architecture and design for experimental validation of the model. The dielectrophoretic force is affected both by the geometry of the electrodes (the gradient of the electric field), the Re{CM(ω)} factor, and the permittivity of the medium ϵm. Our modelling makes testable predictions and shows that designing the electrode structure to ensure structure periodicity with spacing between consecutive traps smaller than the length of the depletion zone ensures efficient capture and separation. Such electrode system has higher capture and separation efficiency than systems with the established circular electrode architecture. The simulated, modelled microfluidic design allows for the separated bacteria, concentrated by dedicated dielectrophoretic regions, to be subsequently detected using label-free functionalized nanowire sensors. The experimental validation of the modelling work presented here and the validation of the theoretical design constraints of the chip electrode architecture is presented in the companion paper in the same issue (Weber MUet al2022 Chip for dielectrophoretic Microbial Capture, Separation and Detection II: Experimental Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika U Weber
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Robert E Weber
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Krajnik
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. S. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Slawomir Stemplewski
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
- Institute of Computer Science, Opole University, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Marta Panek
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Dziubak
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paulina Mrozinska
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Piela
- Hener, Wrocław Technology Park, BETA Building, Room 104, Klecińska 125, 54-413, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Siu Lung Lo
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Hazael F Montanaro Ochoa
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
- Laboratory for Acoustics and Noise control, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christopher D Yerino
- Departments of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Yale University, 15 Prospect St., 06520 New Haven, CT, United States of America
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42
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Parks VR, Torres DA. Yield Gel via Quantitative Gel Electrophoresis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2685:129-147. [PMID: 37439980 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3295-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative gel electrophoresis, also referred to as yield gel via gel electrophoresis, is an early quantification method that was developed to provide an estimate of the quality and the quantity of DNA extracted from evidence or reference samples. To conduct quantitative gel electrophoresis, an agarose gel that is combined with a nucleic acid gel stain is prepared. The gel stain intercalates between double-stranded DNA and can be visualized using UV light. DNA extract samples, along with DNA standards (ranging from 250 to 5 ng), and a 1 KB ladder are combined with a 6X loading dye and loaded on the agarose gel. Voltage is applied to facilitate DNA migration through the gel from the negative to the positive electrode, separating DNA fragments by size. After electrophoresis is complete, the results are visualized using UV light, and an image is captured for analysis. High-quality and -quantity DNA should contain a compact band comparable to that of the high molecular weight standards and ladder, with some smearing down the sample well. If a DNA extract sample does not produce a compact band and presents with only a smear, this is an indication that DNA degradation has occurred. This chapter provides instructions on how to successfully prepare an agarose gel, load DNA extract samples and corresponding controls, appropriately set up and run quantitative gel electrophoresis, interpret the results, and ensure comprehension of the method so troubleshooting can be performed if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Parks
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Dayanara A Torres
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Abstract
Assays for measuring enzyme activity can be useful tools for proteomics applications. Enzyme testing can be performed to validate an experimental system prior to a difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) proteomic experiment and can also be utilized as an integral part of multifaceted experiment in conjunction with DIGE. Data from enzyme tests can be used to corroborate results of DIGE proteomic experiments where an enzyme or enzymes are demonstrated by DIGE to be differentially expressed. Enzyme testing can also be utilized to support data from DIGE experiments that demonstrate metabolic changes in a biological system. The different types of enzyme assays that can be performed in conjunction with DIGE experiments are reviewed alongside a discussion of experimental approaches for designing enzyme assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dowd
- Croda Europe Limited, Daresbury, Cheshire, UK.
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44
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Abstract
Enzyme activity assay methods can be used to corroborate the results generated by difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) proteomic experiments. Two assay methods were chosen to demonstrate how this can be achieved. Assays for determining the activity of superoxide dismutase and NADH dehydrogenase are outlined in detail in this chapter. These methods were chosen as examples because they are frequently used in conjunction with DIGE proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dowd
- Croda Europe Limited, Daresbury, Cheshire, UK.
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45
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Carbonell B, Álvarez J, Santa-González GA, Delgado JP. COMET Assay for Detection of DNA Damage During Axolotl Tail Regeneration. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2562:183-194. [PMID: 36272076 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2659-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate DNA damage during axolotl tail regeneration using an alkaline comet assay. Our method details the isolation of cells from regenerating and non-regenerating tissues and the isolation of peripheral blood for single-cell gel electrophoresis. Also, we detail each of the steps for the development of the comet assay technique which includes mounting the isolated cells on an agarose matrix, alkaline electrophoresis, and DNA damage detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belfran Carbonell
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Department of Integrated Basic Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jennifer Álvarez
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria A Santa-González
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Jean Paul Delgado
- Grupo Genética Regeneración y Cáncer, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
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Nishizawa Y, Inui T, Namioka R, Uchihashi T, Watanabe T, Suzuki D. Clarification of Surface Deswelling of Thermoresponsive Microgels by Electrophoresis. Langmuir 2022; 38:16084-16093. [PMID: 36441944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although many investigations of thermoresponsive microgels have been reported, their surface properties, which are crucial in colloid science, are still not fully understood. In this study, microgels with surface-localized charged groups were synthesized by precipitation polymerization, and their electrophoretic behaviors were analyzed using a modified version of Ohshima's equation to obtain two surface properties of the soft particles: the softness parameter and the surface charge density. This systematic evaluation allows us to discuss the thermoresponsiveness of the overall microgels and their surfaces separately. Furthermore, the validity of the surface properties obtained from electrophoresis was verified by comparing them with the results of seeded emulsion polymerization in the presence of the microgels and the force-indentation curves obtained via high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nishizawa
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano386-8567, Japan
| | - Takumi Inui
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano386-8567, Japan
| | - Ryuji Namioka
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano386-8567, Japan
| | - Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics and Structural Biology Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chiksusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi464-8602, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi444-8787, Japan
| | - Takumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano386-8567, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano386-8567, Japan
- Research Initiative for Supra-Materials, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano386-8567, Japan
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Sagona S, D’Onofrio C, Miragliotta V, Felicioli A. Detection and pH-Thermal Characterization of Proteinases Exclusive of Honeybee Worker-Fate Larvae ( Apis mellifera L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415546. [PMID: 36555186 PMCID: PMC9779378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the honeybee caste polyphenism arises when a change in diet is transduced into cellular metabolic responses, resulting in a developmental shift mediated by gene expression. The aim of this investigation was to detect and describe the expression profile of water-soluble proteases during the ontogenesis of honeybee worker-fate larvae. The extraction of insect homogenates was followed by the electrophoretic separation of the protein extract in polyacrylamide gels under semi-denaturing condition, precast with gelatin, pollen, or royal jelly protein extracts. The worker-fate honeybee larva showed a proteolytic pattern that varied with aging, and a protease with the highest activity at 72 h after hatching was named PS4. PS4 has a molecular weight of 45 kDa, it remained active until cell sealing, and its enzymatic properties suggest a serine-proteinase nature. To define the process that originates a queen-fate larvae, royal jelly and pollen were analysed, but PS4 was not detected in either of them. The effect of food on the PS4 was investigated by mixing crude extracts of queen and worker-fate larvae with pollen and royal jelly, respectively. Only royal jelly inhibited PS4 in worker-fate larvae. Taken together, our data suggest that PS4 could be involved in caste differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sagona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara D’Onofrio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Biosensor Technologies, Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Konrad-Lorenz Straße, 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Vincenzo Miragliotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Felicioli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Pisa University, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-6835
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Dong M, Coleman HA, Tonta MA, Xiong Z, Li D, Thomas S, Liu M, Fallon JB, Parkington HC, Forsythe JS. Rapid electrophoretic deposition of biocompatible graphene coatings for high-performance recording neural electrodes. Nanoscale 2022; 14:15845-15858. [PMID: 36259692 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The electrical and biological interfacial properties of invasive electrodes have a significant impact on the performance and longevity of neural recordings in the brain. In this study, we demonstrated rapid electrophoretic deposition and electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) on metal-based neural electrodes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other characterizations confirmed the existence of a uniform and effectively reduced graphene oxide coating. Electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) coated Pt/Ir neural electrodes exhibited 15.2-fold increase in charge storage capacity (CSC) and 90% decrease in impedance with only 3.8% increase in electrode diameter. Patch clamp electrophysiology and calcium imaging of primary rat hippocampus neurons cultured on ErGO demonstrated that there was no adverse impact on the functional development of neurons. Immunostaining showed a balanced growth of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and astrocytes. Acute recordings from the auditory cortex and chronic recordings (19 days) from the somatosensory cortex found ErGO coating improved the performance of neural electrodes in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and amplitude of signals. The proposed approach not only provides an in-depth evaluation of the effect of ErGO coating on neural electrodes but also widens the coating methods of commercial neural electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miheng Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou SIP 250000, China
| | - Harold A Coleman
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Mary A Tonta
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sebastian Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Minsu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Monash University, Suzhou SIP 250000, China
- Foshan (Southern China) Institute for New Materials, Foshan 528200, China
| | - James B Fallon
- The Bionics Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002, Australia
- Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Helena C Parkington
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Huang B, Chen L, Chiou Y, Whang G, Luo Y, Yan Y, Wei K, He X, Dunn B, Wu P. Bubble-Channeling Electrophoresis of Honeycomb-Like Chitosan Composites. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203948. [PMID: 36180403 PMCID: PMC9661845 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A chitosan composite with a vertical array of pore channels is fabricated via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The composite consists of chitosan and polyethylene glycol, as well as nanoparticles of silver oxide and silver. The formation of hydrogen bubbles during EPD renders a localized increase of hydroxyl ions that engenders the precipitation of chitosan. In addition, chemical interactions among the constituents facilitate the establishment of vertical channels occupied by hydrogen bubbles that leads to the unique honeycomb-like microstructure; a composite with a porosity of 84%, channel diameter of 488 µm, and channel length of 2 mm. The chitosan composite demonstrates an impressive water uptake of 2100% and a two-stage slow release of silver. In mass transport analysis, both Disperse Red 13 and ZnO powders show a much enhanced transport rate over that of commercial gauze. Due to its excellent structural integrity and channel independence, the chitosan composite is evaluated in a passive suction mode for an adhesive force of 9.8 N (0.56 N cm-2 ). The chitosan composite is flexible and is able to maintain sufficient adhesive force toward objects with different surface curvatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo‐Han Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Li‐Jie Chen
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Jie Chiou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Grace Whang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yunkai Luo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yichen Yan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Kung‐Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
| | - Ximin He
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Bruce Dunn
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUCLALos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Pu‐Wei Wu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityHsinchu300Taiwan
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Duek A, Lellouche E, Ben Baruch S, Mashiach R, Segman Y, Bryk G, Leiba M. Mitigating the interference of Daratumumab with immunofixation electrophoresis. A single-center experience using Hydrashift 2/4 kit. Isr Med Assoc J 2022; 24:629-633. [PMID: 36309856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) accounts for approximately 10% of hematological malignancies. The monoclonal immunoglobulin G kappa (IgG-κ) daratumumab can bind to CD38 on MM cells and be detected in serum immunofixation (IF), causing pitfalls in M-protein quantification. OBJECTIVES To determine the efficacy of mitigating the interference of IgG MM treated with daratumumab. METHODS Levels of Ig, free light chains (FLC) kappa (κ) and lambda (λ), serum protein electrophoresis (SPE)/IF, and Hydrashift 2/4 assays were assessed following manufacturer's instructions in three patients. RESULTS Patient 1 was a 70-year-old male diagnosed with IgG-λ MM. The IF distinguished two monoclonal bands (IgG-κ and IgG-λ). With the Hydrashift assay, the daratumumab-anti-daratumumab immune complex shifted the IgG-κ to the α zone, suggesting that the monoclonal IgG-κ band corresponded to daratumumab. Patient 2 was a 63-year-old male with IgG-κ MM who was receiving daratumumab once every other week. SPE/IF assay revealed a faint monoclonal IgG-κ band in the zone. A stronger monoclonal band was observed after administration. The IgG-κ band disappeared on the Hydrashift assay, while the daratumumab-anti-daratumumab complex appeared as a broad smear in the α-region. Patient 3, a 63-year-old male diagnosed with IgG-λMM, was receiving daratumumab once every other month. The IF assay showed two distinct bands (IgG-κ and IgG-λ) post-daratumumab administration. The shift to the α zone of the IgG-κ bands on the Hydrashift assay confirmed that the additional band observed post-infusion was due to the daratumumab. CONCLUSIONS The Hydrashift assay can help distinguish daratumumab from endogenous M-spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Duek
- Department of Hematology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Emmanuel Lellouche
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Sharon Ben Baruch
- Department of Hematology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Reut Mashiach
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Yafit Segman
- Department of Hematology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Gabriel Bryk
- Department of Hematology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Merav Leiba
- Department of Hematology, Samson Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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