1
|
Badr H, Young PE, Dong J, Okorodudu AO. Combined bisalbuminemia and Bisalbuminuria: A rare finding on serum and urine electrophoresis. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 552:117635. [PMID: 37952813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are rarely encountered serum and urine albumin anomalies characterized by the presence of a bifid albumin band on serum/urine protein electrophoresis (SPE/UPE) and serum/urine immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE/UIFE). They are usually detected incidentally while screening for monoclonal gammopathy with a cumulative frequency of 1:1,000---1:10,000. CASE REPORT We report two cases of bisalbuminemia in two adult male diabetic patients. The first patient had a history of rheumatoid arthritis and strong clinical suspicion for Sjogren syndrome. The SPEP/UPEP and SIFE/UIFE in this patient showed combined bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria. While the second patient had chronic kidney disease due to nephrotic syndrome but showed bisalbuminemia alone. CONCLUSION Bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are rare findings with few case reports available in the English literature. These findings may occur secondary to inherited albumin variants or may be acquired. Diabetes mellitus is the medical condition most associated with acquired bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria. Although most cases of bisalbuminemia and bisalbuminuria are clinically insignificant, some albumin variants may have altered affinity for steroid hormones (e.g., thyroxine) and/or drugs which potentially could be clinically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Badr
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Paul E Young
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jianli Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Anthony O Okorodudu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bagade S, Anjum A. Bisalbuminemia: A Rare Incidental Finding in Monoclonal Gammopathy. EJIFCC 2023; 34:325-329. [PMID: 38303749 PMCID: PMC10828532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Bisalbuminemia is a rare, benign, protein anomaly presenting with two distinct peaks of albumin on serum protein electrophoresis. It reflects the presence of a normal albumin and a modified albumin in the same individual. This condition can be either hereditary or acquired. Bisalbuminemias are more frequently encountered when serum protein electrophoresis is performed with capillary technique, because this offers better resolution compared to the conventional gel electrophoresis. There are very few case reports available in the literature, showing the presence of a bifid albumin peak along with a distinct paraprotein peak in the globulin region in serum protein electrophoresis. Here we are reporting two cases, a 46-year-old male and a 48 year-old male, diagnosed with multiple myeloma, revealing the presence of an extra peak in the albumin region along with a distinct paraprotein band, when the electrophoresis was performed using capillary mode. From these case reports, we wish to reveal the extremely rare nature of this entity and also to acquaint the clinicians and laboratory personnel with this pattern of electrophoretogram.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Bagade
- Head of the Department of Biochemistry, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arshiya Anjum
- Consultant, department of Biochemistry, Basavatarakam Indo-American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu JR, Lin M, Lin F, Zhan XF, Wang JL, Yang H, Luo ZY, Ma ZZ, Wang CF, Yang LY. Human serum albumin variants in China: a molecular epidemiological investigation and literature review. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211064225. [PMID: 34919010 PMCID: PMC8829792 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211064225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bisalbuminemia is a hereditary and/or acquired abnormality characterized by a double albumin (ALB) band on serum protein electrophoresis. However, there have been no epidemiological investigations of ALB variants in Chinese populations. Methods This retrospective study examined 71,963 unrelated subjects from five provinces in southern China. ALB variants were screened by cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6 and ALB mutations were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction-DNA sequencing. Results The average incidence of inherited bisalbuminemia in the southern Chinese population was 0.0264% (19/71,963). Thirteen cases showed slow and six showed fast genetic variants on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Four kinds of ALB variants were identified: proalbumin Lille (p.Arg23His), ALB Castel di Sangro (p.Lys560Glu), ALB Fukuoka-1 (p.Asp587Asn), and a novel ALB Wuxi (p.Lys562Glu). The gene frequency of ALB variants in the Wuxi region (0.126%, 13/10,297) was significantly higher than in other regions in southern China, and 90.9% (10/11) of cases of proalbumin Lille were also found in the Wuxi region. Conclusions This study provides the first report of the detailed prevalence and molecular characterization of ALB variants in southern China. Compared with other areas of China, Wuxi had a different pattern of ALB variants and a high prevalence of proalbumin Lille.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Ren Wu
- Central Laboratory, Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Laboratory Medical Center, Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Fen Lin
- Central Laboratory, Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fen Zhan
- Central Laboratory, Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Li Wang
- Laboratory Medical Center, Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Yun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Chaozhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhan-Zhong Ma
- Laboratory Medical Center, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Fang Wang
- Laboratory Medical Center, Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ye Yang
- Precision Medical Center, People's Hospital of Yangjiang, Yangjiang, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lefrère B, Dedôme E, Garcia-Hejl C, Ragot C, Chianea D, Delacour H, Cremades S, Vest P. [ Bisalbuminemia: A case report]. Rev Med Interne 2018; 39:950-4. [PMID: 29914710 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bisalbuminemias consist in rare qualitative modifications of several aspects in the albumin pattern. Bisalbuminemias, most of which are not pathological, can be observed using capillary electrophoresis. CASE REPORTS We report a case of hereditary bisalbuminemia diagnosed by chance while exploring chronic unexplained hypereosinophilia in a 42-year-old patient. The patient's normal lipid profile, the lack of an antibiotic treatment or pancreatic pathology, and the persistence of the bisalbuminemia after one month, suggested a diagnosis of genetic bisalbuminemia. In light of other such cases, we review the main causes of bisalbuminemia, both genetic and acquired. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of genetic bisalbuminemia is made by first eliminating the usual acquired etiologies: analytical or drug interference, acute pancreatitis and binding of immunoglobulins. Then, after having checked the lipemic index, reviewed the patient's medical history, comorbidities, and treatments, repeating the electrophoresis will help identify the cause of the bisalbuminemia.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gili C, Bonsembiante F, Beffagna G, Mazzariol S, Gelain ME. Mutations and polymorphism in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821) albumin gene: First identification of mutations responsible for inherited bisalbuminemia. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:12-17. [PMID: 28273558 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary bisalbuminemia is an asymptomatic and heterozygous condition in a range of species characterized by the presence of two serum albumin fractions with different electrophoretic mobility resulting in a bicuspid pattern on serum electrophoresis. Bisalbuminemia has been diagnosed by electrophoresis in two bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) families, but causative mutations and the inheritance pattern have not been identified. The aims of this work are: to investigate polymorphisms of the bottlenose dolphin albumin gene and to identify mutations causative of bisalbuminemia; to identify the inheritance pattern in two bottlenose dolphin families. Coding regions of the albumin gene were screened for mutations in 15 bottlenose dolphins kept under human care from two distinct families. Eighteen albumin mutations (three synonymous and 15 non-synonymous) were identified. Two non-synonymous variations co-segregated with bisalbuminemic phenotype: p.Phe146Leu in exon 4 and p.Tyr163His in exon 5. The amino acid change in exon 5 was associated with the secondary and/or tertiary structure variation of the protein and has been reported as causative of bisalbuminemia in humans. Pedigree analysis of the dolphin families showed an autosomal codominant inheritance pattern. In this work, the mutations potentially responsible for bisalbuminemia were identified and confirmed the autosomal codominant trait in bottlenose dolphins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gili
- Costa Edutainment spa, Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128 Genova, Italy.
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Agripolis, Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gili C, Bonsembiante F, Bonanni R, Giordano A, Ledda S, Beffagna G, Paltrinieri S, Sommer M, Gelain ME. Detection of hereditary bisalbuminemia in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu 1821): comparison between capillary zone and agarose gel electrophoresis. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:172. [PMID: 27544582 PMCID: PMC4992212 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary bisalbuminemia is a relatively rare anomaly characterized by the occurrence of two albumin fractions on serum protein separation by electrophoresis. In human medicine, it is usually revealed by chance, is not been clearly associated with a specific disease and the causative genetic alteration is a point mutation of human serum albumin gene inherited in an autosomal codominant pattern. This type of alteration is well recognizable by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), whilst agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) not always produces a clear separation of albumin fractions. The aims of this study is to report the presence of this abnormality in two separate groups of related bottlenose dolphins and to compare the results obtained with capillary zone and agarose gel electrophoresis. Results Serum samples from 40 bottlenose dolphins kept under human care were analyzed. In 9 samples a double albumin peak was evident in CZE electrophoresis while no double peak was noted in AGE profile. Since only an apparently wider albumin peaks were noted in some AGE electrophoretic profiles, the ratio between base and height (b/h) of the albumin peak was calculated and each point-value recorded in the whole set of data was used to calculate a receiver operating characteristic curve: when the b/h ratio of albumin peak was equal or higher than 0.25, the sensitivity and specificity of AGE to detect bisalbuminemic samples were 87 and 63 %, respectively. The bisalbuminemic dolphins belong to two distinct families: in the first family, all the siblings derived from the same normal sire were bisalbuminemic, whereas in the second family bisalbuminemia was present in a sire and in two out of three siblings. Conclusions We report for the first time the presence of hereditary bisalbuminemia in two groups of related bottlenose dolphins identified by means of CZE and we confirm that AGE could fail in the identification of this alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gili
- Costa Edutainment spa, Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, AGRIPOLIS - Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Agripolis, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Renzo Bonanni
- Costa Edutainment spa, Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Giordano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Ledda
- Costa Edutainment spa, Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Beffagna
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, AGRIPOLIS - Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Agripolis, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Saverio Paltrinieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Sommer
- Costa Edutainment spa, Acquario di Genova, Area Porto Antico, Ponte Spinola, 16128, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, AGRIPOLIS - Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Agripolis, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El Boukhrissi F, Balouch L, Moudden K, Baaj M, Hommadi A, Bamou Y. [ Bisalbuminemia occurring outside usual situations]. Rev Med Interne 2015; 37:505-6. [PMID: 26608251 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2015.10.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F El Boukhrissi
- Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Fès, université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc; Service de biochimie-toxicologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc.
| | - L Balouch
- Service de biochimie-toxicologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc; Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Rabat, université Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc
| | - K Moudden
- Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Fès, université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc; Service de médecine interne, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc
| | - M Baaj
- Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Fès, université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc; Service de médecine interne, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc
| | - A Hommadi
- Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Fès, université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fès, Maroc; Service de radiologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc
| | - Y Bamou
- Service de biochimie-toxicologie, hôpital militaire Moulay Ismail, Meknès, Maroc; Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Rabat, université Mohamed V, Rabat, Maroc
| |
Collapse
|