1
|
Burks KH, Xie Y, Gildea M, Jung IH, Mukherjee S, Lee P, Pudupakkam U, Wagoner R, Patel V, Santana K, Alisio A, Goldberg IJ, Finck BN, Fisher EA, Davidson NO, Stitziel NO. ANGPTL3 deficiency impairs lipoprotein production and produces adaptive changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100500. [PMID: 38219820 PMCID: PMC10875267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a hepatically secreted protein and therapeutic target for reducing plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Although ANGPTL3 modulates the metabolism of circulating lipoproteins, its role in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein assembly and secretion remains unknown. CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) was used to target ANGPTL3 in HepG2 cells (ANGPTL3-/-) whereupon we observed ∼50% reduction of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) secretion, accompanied by an increase in ApoB100 early presecretory degradation via a predominantly lysosomal mechanism. Despite defective particle secretion in ANGPTL3-/- cells, targeted lipidomic analysis did not reveal neutral lipid accumulation in ANGPTL3-/- cells; rather ANGPTL3-/- cells demonstrated decreased secretion of newly synthesized triglycerides and increased fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, RNA sequencing demonstrated significantly altered expression of key lipid metabolism genes, including targets of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, consistent with decreased lipid anabolism and increased lipid catabolism. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 LDL receptor (LDLR) deletion in ANGPTL3-/- cells did not result in a secretion defect at baseline, but proteasomal inhibition strongly induced compensatory late presecretory degradation of ApoB100 and impaired its secretion. Additionally, these ANGPTL3-/-;LDLR-/- cells rescued the deficient LDL clearance of LDLR-/- cells. In summary, ANGPTL3 deficiency in the presence of functional LDLR leads to the production of fewer lipoprotein particles due to early presecretory defects in particle assembly that are associated with adaptive changes in intrahepatic lipid metabolism. In contrast, when LDLR is absent, ANGPTL3 deficiency is associated with late presecretory regulation of ApoB100 degradation without impaired secretion. Our findings therefore suggest an unanticipated intrahepatic role for ANGPTL3, whose function varies with LDLR status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall H Burks
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Gildea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - In-Hyuk Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Division of Nutritional Science and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Upasana Pudupakkam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Wagoner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ved Patel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine Santana
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arturo Alisio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Nutritional Science and Obesity Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas O Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sachan V, Le Dévéhat M, Roubtsova A, Essalmani R, Laurendeau JF, Garçon D, Susan-Resiga D, Duval S, Mikaeeli S, Hamelin J, Evagelidis A, Chong M, Paré G, Chernetsova E, Gao ZH, Robillard I, Ruiz M, Trinh VQH, Estall JL, Faraj M, Austin RC, Sauvageau M, Prat A, Kiss RS, Seidah NG. PCSK7: A novel regulator of apolipoprotein B and a potential target against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2024; 150:155736. [PMID: 37967646 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence links the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 7 (PCSK7) to triglyceride (TG) metabolism. We associated the known PCSK7 gain-of-function non-coding SNP rs236918 with higher levels of plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the loss-of-function coding variant p.Pro777Leu (SNP rs201598301) with lower apoB and TG. Herein, we aimed to unravel the in vivo role of liver PCSK7. METHODS We biochemically defined the functional role of PCSK7 in lipid metabolism using hepatic cell lines and Pcsk7-/- mice. Our findings were validated following subcutaneous administration of hepatocyte-targeted N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) against Pcsk7. RESULTS Independent of its proteolytic activity, membrane-bound PCSK7 binds apoB100 in the endoplasmic reticulum and enhances its secretion. Mechanistically, the loss of PCSK7/Pcsk7 leads to apoB100 degradation, triggering an unfolded protein response, autophagy, and β-oxidation, eventually reducing lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was induced by a 12-week high fat/fructose/cholesterol diet in wild type (WT) and Pcsk7-/- mice that were then allowed to recover on a 4-week control diet. Pcsk7-/- mice recovered more effectively than WT mice from all NAFLD-related liver phenotypes. Finally, subcutaneous administration of GalNAc-ASOs targeting hepatic Pcsk7 to WT mice validated the above results. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal hepatic PCSK7 as one of the major regulators of apoB, and its absence reduces apoB secretion from hepatocytes favoring its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome. This results in a cascade of events, eventually reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, thus supporting the notion of silencing PCSK7 mRNA in hepatocytes for targeting NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vatsal Sachan
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maïlys Le Dévéhat
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Roubtsova
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rachid Essalmani
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Laurendeau
- RNA and Noncoding Mechanisms of Disease, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Damien Garçon
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Duval
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sahar Mikaeeli
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hamelin
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandra Evagelidis
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Robillard
- Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics Platform, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Metabolomics Platform, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh
- Departement of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetes, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - May Faraj
- Nutrition Department, Université de Montréal, Research Unit on Nutrition, Lipoproteins and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, McMaster University, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton and the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Sauvageau
- RNA and Noncoding Mechanisms of Disease, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Annik Prat
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert S Kiss
- McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), affiliated to the Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Assini JM, Clark JR, Youssef A, Xing C, Doerfler AM, Park SH, Saxena L, Yaseen AB, Børen J, Gros R, Bao G, Lagor WR, Boffa MB, Koschinsky ML. High levels of lipoprotein(a) in transgenic mice exacerbate atherosclerosis and promote vulnerable plaque features in a sex-specific manner. Atherosclerosis 2023; 384:117150. [PMID: 37290980 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite increased clinical interest in lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms by which it contributes to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Existing murine transgenic (Tg) Lp(a) models are limited by low plasma levels of Lp(a) and have not consistently shown a pro-atherosclerotic effect of Lp(a). METHODS We generated Tg mice expressing both human apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) and human apoB-100, with pathogenic levels of plasma Lp(a) (range 87-250 mg/dL). Female and male Lp(a) Tg mice (Tg(LPA+/0;APOB+/0)) and human apoB-100-only controls (Tg(APOB+/0)) (n = 10-13/group) were fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks, with Ldlr knocked down using an antisense oligonucleotide. FPLC was used to characterize plasma lipoprotein profiles. Plaque area and necrotic core size were quantified and immunohistochemical assessment of lesions using a variety of cellular and protein markers was performed. RESULTS Male and female Tg(LPA+/0;APOB+/0) and Tg(APOB+/0) mice exhibited proatherogenic lipoprotein profiles with increased cholesterol-rich VLDL and LDL-sized particles and no difference in plasma total cholesterol between genotypes. Complex lesions developed in the aortic sinus of all mice. Plaque area (+22%), necrotic core size (+25%), and calcified area (+65%) were all significantly increased in female Tg(LPA+/0;APOB+/0) mice compared to female Tg(APOB+/0) mice. Immunohistochemistry of lesions demonstrated that apo(a) deposited in a similar pattern as apoB-100 in Tg(LPA+/0;APOB+/0) mice. Furthermore, female Tg(LPA+/0;APOB+/0) mice exhibited less organized collagen deposition as well as 42% higher staining for oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) compared to female Tg(APOB+/0) mice. Tg(LPA+/0;APOB+/0) mice had dramatically higher levels of plasma OxPL-apo(a) and OxPL-apoB compared to Tg(APOB+/0) mice, and female Tg(LPA+/0;APOB+/0) mice had higher plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokine MCP-1 (+3.1-fold) compared to female Tg(APOB+/0) mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a pro-inflammatory phenotype exhibited by female Tg mice expressing Lp(a) that appears to contribute to the development of more severe lesions with greater vulnerable features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Assini
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin R Clark
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Amer Youssef
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chuce Xing
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexandria M Doerfler
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, USA
| | - Lavanya Saxena
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, USA
| | - Adam B Yaseen
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, USA
| | - Jan Børen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gang Bao
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, USA
| | - Michael B Boffa
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Marlys L Koschinsky
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strøm TB, Asprusten E, Laerdahl JK, Øygard I, Hussain MM, Bogsrud MP, Leren TP. Missense mutation Q384K in the APOB gene affecting the large lipid transfer module of apoB reduces the secretion of apoB-100 in the liver without reducing the secretion of apoB-48 in the intestine. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:800-807. [PMID: 37718180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular genetic testing of patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia may identify a genetic cause that can form the basis for starting proper therapy. Identifying a genetic cause may also provide novel data on the structure-function relationship of the mutant protein. OBJECTIVE To identify a genetic cause of hypobetalipoproteinemia in a patient with levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol at the detection limit of 0.1 mmol/l. METHODS DNA sequencing of the translated exons with flanking intron sequences of the genes adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter 1, angiopoietin-like protein 3, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. RESULTS The patient was homozygous for mutation Q384K (c.1150C>A) in the apolipoprotein B gene, and this mutation segregated with hypobetalipoproteinemia in the family. Residue Gln384 is located in the large lipid transfer module of apoB that has been suggested to be important for lipidation of apolipoprotein B through interaction with microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Based on measurements of serum levels of triglycerides and apolipoprotein B-48 after an oral fat load, we conclude that the patient was able to synthesize apolipoprotein B-48 in the intestine in a seemingly normal fashion. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that mutation Q384K severely reduces the secretion of apolipoprotein B-100 in the liver without reducing the secretion of apolipoprotein B-48 in the intestine. Possible mechanisms for the different effects of this and other missense mutations affecting the large lipid transfer module on the two forms of apoB are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Bismo Strøm
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Strøm, Bogsrud and Leren).
| | - Emil Asprusten
- Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Dr Asprusten)
| | - Jon K Laerdahl
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Dr Laerdahl); ELIXIR Norway, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (Dr Laerdahl)
| | - Irene Øygard
- Fagernes Medical Center, Fagernes, Norway (Dr Øygard)
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA (Dr. Hussain)
| | - Martin Prøven Bogsrud
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Strøm, Bogsrud and Leren)
| | - Trond P Leren
- Unit for Cardiac and Cardiovascular Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway (Drs Strøm, Bogsrud and Leren)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang L, Fang X, Yang Z, Li X, Cheng M, Cheng L, Wang G, Li W, Liu L. LncRP11-675F6.3 responds to rapamycin treatment and reduces triglyceride accumulation via interacting with HK1 in hepatocytes by regulating autophagy and VLDL-related proteins. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1606-1617. [PMID: 37222534 PMCID: PMC10577451 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely proven to be involved in liver lipid homeostasis. Herein, we identify an upregulated lncRNA named lncRP11-675F6.3 in response to rapamycin treatment using a microarray in HepG2 cells. Knockdown of lncRP11-675F6. 3 leads to a significant reduction in apolipoprotein 100 (ApoB100), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP), ApoE and ApoC3 with increased cellular triglyceride level and autophagy. Furthermore, we find that ApoB100 is obviously colocalized with GFP-LC3 in autophagosomes when lncRP11-675F6. 3 is knocked down, indicating that elevated triglyceride accumulation likely related to autophagy induces the degradation of ApoB100 and impairs very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly. We then identify and validate that hexokinase 1 (HK1) acts as the binding protein of lncRP11-675F6.3 and mediates triglyceride regulation and cell autophagy. More importantly, we find that lncRP11-675F6.3 and HK1 attenuate high fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by regulating VLDL-related proteins and autophagy. In conclusion, this study reveals that lncRP11-675F6.3 is potentially involved in the downstream of mTOR signaling pathway and the regulatory network of hepatic triglyceride metabolism in cooperation with its interacting protein HK1, which may provide a new target for fatty liver disorder treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Xiaojuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Ziyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Xueling Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Mengdi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Ganglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory MedicineMinistry of Education of ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical GeneticsSchool of Laboratory Medicine and Life SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
- Zhuji Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityShaoxing311800China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Webb RJ, Mazidi M, Lip GYH, Kengne AP, Banach M, Davies IG. The role of adiposity, diet and inflammation on the discordance between LDL-C and apolipoprotein B. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:605-615. [PMID: 35123856 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS While low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a good predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is superior when the two markers are discordant. We aimed to determine the impact of adiposity, diet and inflammation upon ApoB and LDL-C discordance. METHODS AND RESULTS Machine learning (ML) and structural equation models (SEMs) were applied to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate cardiometabolic and dietary factors when LDL-C and ApoB are concordant/discordant. Mendelian randomisation (MR) determined whether adiposity and inflammation exposures were causal of elevated/decreased LDL-C and/or ApoB. ML showed body mass index (BMI), dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA), dietary fibre, serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and uric acid were the most strongly associated variables (R2 = 0.70) in those with low LDL-C and high ApoB. SEMs revealed that fibre (b = -0.42, p = 0.001) and SFA (b = 0.28, p = 0.014) had a significant association with our outcome (joined effect of ApoB and LDL-C). BMI (b = 0.65, p = 0.001), fibre (b = -0.24, p = 0.014) and SFA (b = 0.26, p = 0.032) had significant associations with CRP. MR analysis showed genetically higher body fat percentage had a significant causal effect on ApoB (Inverse variance weighted (IVW) = Beta: 0.172, p = 0.0001) but not LDL-C (IVW = Beta: 0.006, p = 0.845). CONCLUSION Our data show increased discordance between ApoB and LDL-C is associated with cardiometabolic, clinical and dietary abnormalities and that body fat percentage is causal of elevated ApoB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Webb
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park Campus, Taggart Avenue, Liverpool, L16 9JD, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, 4th Floor, South Wing, St Thomas', London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool L14 3PE, United Kingdom; Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Maciej Banach
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, 65-046, Zielona Gora, Poland; Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), 93-338, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Palani S, Miner MWG, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Örd T, Ravindran A, Kaikkonen MU, Knuuti J, Li XG, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Exploiting Glutamine Consumption in Atherosclerotic Lesions by Positron Emission Tomography Tracer (2S,4R)-4-18F-Fluoroglutamine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821423. [PMID: 35145523 PMCID: PMC8822173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glutamine metabolism by macrophages is associated with development of atherosclerotic lesions. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with a glutamine analog (2S,4R)-4-18F-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) allows quantification of glutamine consumption in vivo. Here, we investigated uptake of 18F-FGln by atherosclerotic lesions in mice and compared the results with those obtained using the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). Uptake of 18F-FGln and 18F-FDG by healthy control mice (C57BL/6JRj) and atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) was investigated. The mice were injected intravenously with 18F-FGln or 18F-FDG for in vivo PET/CT imaging. After sacrifice at 70 minutes post-injection, tracer uptake was analyzed by gamma counting of excised tissues and by autoradiography of aorta cryosections, together with histological and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that myocardial uptake of 18F-FGln was low. PET/CT detected lesions in the aortic arch, with a target-to-background ratio (SUVmax, aortic arch/SUVmean, blood) of 1.95 ± 0.42 (mean ± standard deviation). Gamma counting revealed that aortic uptake of 18F-FGln by LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice (standardized uptake value [SUV], 0.35 ± 0.06) was significantly higher than that by healthy controls (0.20 ± 0.08, P = 0.03). More detailed analysis by autoradiography revealed that the plaque-to-healthy vessel wall ratio of 18F-FGln (2.90 ± 0.42) was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (1.93 ± 0.22, P = 0.004). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that 18F-FGln uptake in plaques co-localized with glutamine transporter SLC7A7-positive macrophages. Collectively these data show that the 18F-FGln PET tracer detects inflamed atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, exploiting glutamine consumption using 18F-FGln PET may have translational relevance for studying atherosclerotic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
| | | | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zafar M, Mirza MR, Awan FR, Tahir M, Sultan R, Hussain M, Bilal A, Abbas S, Larsen MR, Choudhary MI, Malik IR. Effect of APOB polymorphism rs562338 (G/A) on serum proteome of coronary artery disease patients: a "proteogenomic" approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22766. [PMID: 34815491 PMCID: PMC8610978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, APOB (rs1052031) genotype-guided proteomic analysis was performed in a cohort of Pakistani population. A total of 700 study subjects, including Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients (n = 480) and healthy individuals (n = 220) as a control group were included in the study. Genotyping was carried out by using tetra primer-amplification refractory mutation system-based polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) whereas mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS) was used for label free quantification of serum samples. Genotypic frequency of GG genotype was found to be 90.1%, while 6.4% was for GA genotype and 3.5% was for AA genotypes in CAD patients. In the control group, 87.2% healthy subjects were found to have GG genotype, 11.8% had GA genotype, and 0.9% were with AA genotypes. Significant (p = 0.007) difference was observed between genotypic frequencies in the patients and the control group. The rare allele AA was found to be strongly associated with the CAD [OR: 4 (1.9-16.7)], as compared to the control group in recessive genetic model (p = 0.04). Using label free proteomics, altered expression of 60 significant proteins was observed. Enrichment analysis of these protein showed higher number of up-regulated pathways, including phosphatidylcholine-sterol O-acyltransferase activator activity, cholesterol transfer activity, and sterol transfer activity in AA genotype of rs562338 (G>A) as compared to the wild type GG genotype. This study provides a deeper insight into CAD pathobiology with reference to proteogenomics, and proving this approach as a good platform for identifying the novel proteins and signaling pathways in relation to cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneeza Zafar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Raza Mirza
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rabia Sultan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Jhang Road, P.O. Box. 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bilal
- Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology (FIC), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Björnsson E, Thorgeirsson G, Helgadóttir A, Thorleifsson G, Sveinbjörnsson G, Kristmundsdóttir S, Jónsson H, Jónasdóttir A, Jónasdóttir Á, Sigurðsson Á, Guðnason T, Ólafsson Í, Sigurðsson EL, Sigurðardóttir Ó, Viðarsson B, Baldvinsson M, Bjarnason R, Danielsen R, Matthíasson SE, Thórarinsson BL, Grétarsdóttir S, Steinthórsdóttir V, Halldórsson BV, Andersen K, Arnar DO, Jónsdóttir I, Guðbjartsson DF, Hólm H, Thorsteinsdóttir U, Sulem P, Stefánsson K. Large-Scale Screening for Monogenic and Clinically Defined Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Iceland. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2616-2628. [PMID: 34407635 PMCID: PMC8454500 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is traditionally defined as a monogenic disease characterized by severely elevated LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels. In practice, FH is commonly a clinical diagnosis without confirmation of a causative mutation. In this study, we sought to characterize and compare monogenic and clinically defined FH in a large sample of Icelanders. Approach and Results: We whole-genome sequenced 49 962 Icelanders and imputed the identified variants into an overall sample of 166 281 chip-genotyped Icelanders. We identified 20 FH mutations in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 with combined prevalence of 1 in 836. Monogenic FH was associated with severely elevated LDL-C levels and increased risk of premature coronary disease, aortic valve stenosis, and high burden of coronary atherosclerosis. We used a modified version of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria to screen for the clinical FH phenotype among living adult participants (N=79 058). Clinical FH was found in 2.2% of participants, of whom only 5.2% had monogenic FH. Mutation-negative clinical FH has a strong polygenic basis. Both individuals with monogenic FH and individuals with mutation-negative clinical FH were markedly undertreated with cholesterol-lowering medications and only a minority attained an LDL-C target of <2.6 mmol/L (<100 mg/dL; 11.0% and 24.9%, respectively) or <1.8 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL; 0.0% and 5.2%, respectively), as recommended for primary prevention by European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society cholesterol guidelines. Conclusions: Clinically defined FH is a relatively common phenotype that is explained by monogenic FH in only a minority of cases. Both monogenic and clinical FH confer high cardiovascular risk but are markedly undertreated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eythór Björnsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (E.B.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Guðmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G. Thorgeirsson, R.D., K.A., D.O.A.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Anna Helgadóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Guðmar Thorleifsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Garðar Sveinbjörnsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Snaedís Kristmundsdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Hákon Jónsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Áslaug Jónasdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Ásgeir Sigurðsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | | | - Ísleifur Ólafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (I.O.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Emil L. Sigurðsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
- Development Centre for the Primary Care, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.L.S.)
| | | | - Brynjar Viðarsson
- Department of Hematology (B.V.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
- The Laboratory in Mjódd, Reykjavík, Iceland (B.V.)
| | | | - Ragnar Bjarnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
- Children’s Medical Center (R.B.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Ragnar Danielsen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G. Thorgeirsson, R.D., K.A., D.O.A.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | | | - Björn L. Thórarinsson
- Department of Neurology (B.L.T.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Sólveig Grétarsdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Valgerður Steinthórsdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Bjarni V. Halldórsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Karl Andersen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G. Thorgeirsson, R.D., K.A., D.O.A.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Davíð O. Arnar
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (G. Thorgeirsson, R.D., K.A., D.O.A.), Landspítali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík
| | - Ingileif Jónsdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
| | - Daníel F. Guðbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (D.F.G.)
| | - Hilma Hólm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdóttir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
| | - Patrick Sulem
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
| | - Kári Stefánsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavík, Iceland (E.B., G. Thorgeirsson, A.H., G. Thorleifsson, G.S., S.K., H.J., Aðalbjörg Jónasdóttir, Áslaug Jónasdóttir, A.S., S.G., V.S., B.V.H., D.O.A., I.J., D.F.G., H.H., U.T., P.S., K.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík (E.B., E.L.S., R.B., K.A., D.O.A., I.J., U.T., K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jones LK, Jefferson CR, Chen N, Murray MF. Genetic screening for familial hypercholesterolemia identifies patients not meeting cholesterol treatment guidelines. Coron Artery Dis 2021; 32:588-589. [PMID: 33394692 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laney K Jones
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Celeena R Jefferson
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Phenomic Analytics and Clinical Data Core, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael F Murray
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bassot A, Prip-Buus C, Alves A, Berdeaux O, Perrier J, Lenoir V, Ji-Cao J, Berger MA, Loizon E, Cabaret S, Panthu B, Rieusset J, Morio B. Loss and gain of function of Grp75 or mitofusin 2 distinctly alter cholesterol metabolism, but all promote triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159030. [PMID: 34419589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the liver, contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (named MAMs) may be crucial hubs for the regulation of lipid metabolism, thus contributing to the exacerbation or prevention of fatty liver. We hypothesized that tether proteins located at MAMs could play a key role in preventing triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurrence. To test this, we explored the role of two key partners in building MAM integrity and functionality, the glucose-regulated protein 75 (Grp75) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), which liver contents are altered in obesity and NAFLD. Grp75 or Mfn2 expression was either silenced using siRNA or overexpressed with adenoviruses in Huh7 cells. Silencing of Grp75 and Mfn2 resulted in decreased ER-mitochondria interactions, mitochondrial network fusion state and mitochondrial oxidative capacity, while overexpression of the two proteins induced mirror impacts on these parameters. Furthermore, Grp75 or Mfn2 silencing decreased cellular cholesterol content and enhanced triglyceride secretion in ApoB100 lipoproteins, while their overexpression led to reverse effects. Cellular phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio was decreased only upon overexpression of the proteins, potentially contributing to altered ApoB100 assembly and secretion. Despite the opposite differences, both silencing and overexpression of Grp75 or Mfn2 induced triglyceride storage, although a fatty acid challenge was required to express the alteration upon protein silencing. Among the mechanisms potentially involved in this phenotype, ER stress was closely associated with altered triglyceride metabolism after Grp75 or Mfn2 overexpression, while blunted mitochondrial FA oxidation capacity may be the main defect causing triglyceride accumulation upon Grp75 or Mfn2 silencing. Further studies are required to decipher the link between modulation of Grp75 or Mfn2 expression, change in MAM integrity and alteration of cholesterol content of the cell. In conclusion, Grp75 or Mfn2 silencing and overexpression in Huh7 cells contribute to altering MAM integrity and cholesterol storage in opposite directions, but all promote triglyceride accumulation through distinct cellular pathways. This study also highlights that besides Mfn2, Grp75 could play a central role in hepatic lipid and cholesterol metabolism in obesity and NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bassot
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Carina Prip-Buus
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Diabète, INSERM U1016/CNRS UMR8104/Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Anaïs Alves
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Olivier Berdeaux
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Johan Perrier
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Véronique Lenoir
- Institut Cochin, Département d'Endocrinologie, Métabolisme et Diabète, INSERM U1016/CNRS UMR8104/Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France.
| | - Jingwei Ji-Cao
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Marie-Agnès Berger
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Stephanie Cabaret
- ChemoSens Platform, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Béatrice Morio
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRAE U1397, Université Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the foundational evidence from the last two decades of lipid genetics research and describes the current status of data-driven approaches for transethnic GWAS, fine-mapping, transcriptome informed fine-mapping, and disease prediction. RECENT FINDINGS Current lipid genetics research aims to understand the association mechanisms and clinical relevance of lipid loci as well as to capture population specific associations found in global ancestries. Recent genome-wide trans-ethnic association meta-analyses have identified 118 novel lipid loci reaching genome-wide significance. Gene-based burden tests of whole exome sequencing data have identified three genes-PCSK9, LDLR, and APOB-with significant rare variant burden associated with familial dyslipidemia. Transcriptome-wide association studies discovered five previously unreported lipid-associated loci. Additionally, the predictive power of genome-wide genetic risk scores amalgamating the polygenic determinants of lipid levels can potentially be used to increase the accuracy of coronary artery disease prediction. CONCLUSIONS Lipids are one of the most successful group of traits in the era of genome-wide genetic discovery for identification of novel loci and plausible drug targets. However, a substantial fraction of lipid trait heritability remains unexplained. Further analysis of diverse ancestries and state of the art methods for association locus refinement could potentially reveal some of this missing heritability and increase the clinical application of the genomic association results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Crone
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amelia M Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Whitney E Hornsby
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Coto E, Lorca R, Rodríguez-Reguero J, Martín M, Pascual I, Avanzas P, Cuesta-Llavona E, Vázquez-Coto D, Díaz-Corte C, Tranche S, Alonso B, Iglesias S, Morís C, Gómez J. The APOB polymorphism rs1801701 A/G (p.R3638Q) is an independent risk factor for early-onset coronary artery disease: Data from a Spanish cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:1564-1568. [PMID: 33810965 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apoliprotein B (ApoB) has been associated with hypercholesterolemia and ischemic coronary disease. This study was aimed to determine the effect of two APOB gene variants in the risk of developing early-onset coronary artery disease (EO-CAD) in a Spanish population. The association of these polymorphisms with hypercholesterolemia was also analysed. METHODS AND RESULTS The study involved a total of 889 healthy population controls (397 male) and 790 EO-CAD cases (636 male; EO-CAD was defined as male <60 years and women <65 years). All the patients had at least one vessel with angiography documented atherosclerotic lesion. Patients and controls were genotyped for the APOB variants rs1801701 A/G (p.R3638Q) and rs1367117 C/T (p.T98I). Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups (patients vs. controls, hyper-vs. normo-cholesterolemia) by logistic regression. The rs1801701 was significantly associated with EO-CAD in male (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05-1.99) and female (OR = 2.22, 95%CI = 1.58-3.14). This SNP was significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia in female, with a trend in male. The association with EO-CAD was independent of hypercholesterolemia (multiple logistic regression). CONCLUSION A common APOB polymorphism (rs1801701) was an independent risk factor for EO-CAD in our population. The risk-effect was more significant in female than in male.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliecer Coto
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Lorca
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julián Rodríguez-Reguero
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Martín
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isaac Pascual
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Avanzas
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Elías Cuesta-Llavona
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Díaz-Corte
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain; Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Belén Alonso
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Iglesias
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| | - César Morís
- Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Gómez
- Genética Molecular, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, ISPA, Oviedo, Spain; Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Roa Garrido J, Carrasco Salas P, Toscano Pérez C, Arrobas Velilla T, Vázquez Rico I, Díaz Fernández JF. Genetics and biochemistry of familial hypercholesterolemia in Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Clin Investig Arterioscler 2021; 33:62-69. [PMID: 33069457 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
So far, most cases of hypercholesterolaemia (60-80%) are attributed to pathogenic variants in the LDLR gene. Only 1-5% of cases are caused by variants in the APOB gene, and 0-3% by variants in the PCSK9 gene. There is a large variety in known pathogenic mutations of the LDLR gene, while for those affecting the APOB gene, the highest incidence is p.Arg3527Gln, described predominantly in Central European and North American populations. In the Iberian Peninsula the predominant gene affected is that of the LDL receptor, similar to the rest of the world, with the involvement of the APOB gene being described in individuals from the northwest, and anecdotal in the rest of the territory. A genetics analysis was performed on the population attending the first year of a lipid clinic in southwestern Spain with a 6-point score from the Dutch lipid clinics. The genetic, biochemical and clinical findings are described. The first findings show indications of a possible higher prevalence of patients with mutation in the APOB gene compared to other territories. Historical evidence is presented that could give a possible explanation to this, thus supporting the assumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Roa Garrido
- Unidad de Lípidos y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, España.
| | - Pilar Carrasco Salas
- Unidad de Genética, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, España
| | - Clara Toscano Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Patrimonio Histórico, Cultural y Natural (CIPHCN), Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, España
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shinohara F, Oashi T, Harumoto T, Nishikawa T, Takayama Y, Miyagi H, Takahashi Y, Nakajima T, Sawada T, Koda Y, Makino A, Sato A, Hamaguchi K, Suzuki M, Yamamoto J, Tomari Y, Saito JI. siRNA potency enhancement via chemical modifications of nucleotide bases at the 5'-end of the siRNA guide strand. RNA 2021; 27:163-173. [PMID: 33177188 PMCID: PMC7812868 DOI: 10.1261/rna.073783.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be utilized not only as functional biological research tools but also as therapeutic agents. For the clinical use of siRNA as drugs, various chemical modifications have been used to improve the activity of siRNA drugs, and further chemical modifications are expected to improve the utility of siRNA therapeutics. As the 5' nucleobase of the guide strand affects the interaction between an siRNA and AGO2 and target cleavage activity, structural optimization of this specific position may be a useful strategy for improving siRNA activity. Here, using the in silico model of the complex between human AGO2 MID domain and nucleoside monophosphates, we screened and synthesized an original adenine-derived analog, 6-(3-(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl)purine (6-mCEPh-purine), that fits better than the natural nucleotide bases into the MID domain of AGO2. Introduction of the 6-mCEPh-purine analog at the 5'-end of the siRNA guide strand significantly enhanced target knockdown activity in both cultured cell lines and in vivo animal models. Our findings can help expand strategies for rationally optimizing siRNA activity via chemical modifications of nucleotide bases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Shinohara
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- Laboratory of RNA Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Taiji Oashi
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Harumoto
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nishikawa
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yuki Takayama
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Hikaru Miyagi
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yuichi Takahashi
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakajima
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawada
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuo Koda
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Asana Makino
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Atsuko Sato
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Kaori Hamaguchi
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Michihiko Suzuki
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamamoto
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Yukihide Tomari
- Laboratory of RNA Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Saito
- Research Function Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Meshkov A, Ershova A, Kiseleva A, Zotova E, Sotnikova E, Petukhova A, Zharikova A, Malyshev P, Rozhkova T, Blokhina A, Limonova A, Ramensky V, Divashuk M, Khasanova Z, Bukaeva A, Kurilova O, Skirko O, Pokrovskaya M, Mikova V, Snigir E, Akinshina A, Mitrofanov S, Kashtanova D, Makarov V, Kukharchuk V, Boytsov S, Yudin S, Drapkina O. The LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 Variants of Index Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Russia. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:66. [PMID: 33418990 PMCID: PMC7825309 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal codominant disorder, characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels causing premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. About 2900 variants of LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes potentially associated with FH have been described earlier. Nevertheless, the genetics of FH in a Russian population is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to present data on the spectrum of LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 gene variants in a cohort of 595 index Russian patients with FH, as well as an additional systematic analysis of the literature for the period of 1995-2020 on LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 gene variants described in Russian patients with FH. We used targeted and whole genome sequencing to search for variants. Accordingly, when combining our novel data and the data of a systematic literature review, we described 224 variants: 187 variants in LDLR, 14 variants in APOB, and 23 variants in PCSK9. A significant proportion of variants, 81 of 224 (36.1%), were not described earlier in FH patients in other populations and may be specific for Russia. Thus, this study significantly supplements knowledge about the spectrum of variants causing FH in Russia and may contribute to a wider implementation of genetic diagnostics in FH patients in Russia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Meshkov
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Alexandra Ershova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Anna Kiseleva
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Evgenia Zotova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Evgeniia Sotnikova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Anna Petukhova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Anastasia Zharikova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Malyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Tatyana Rozhkova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Anastasia Blokhina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Alena Limonova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Divashuk
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Zukhra Khasanova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Anna Bukaeva
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Olga Kurilova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Olga Skirko
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Maria Pokrovskaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| | - Valeriya Mikova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Ekaterina Snigir
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Alexsandra Akinshina
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sergey Mitrofanov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Daria Kashtanova
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Valentin Makarov
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Valeriy Kukharchuk
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergey Boytsov
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 3-ya Cherepkovskaya Street, 15A, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (P.M.); (T.R.); (Z.K.); (V.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergey Yudin
- Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia, Pogodinskaya Street, 10, bld. 1, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (E.Z.); (A.P.); (A.B.); (V.M.); (E.S.); (A.A.); (S.M.); (D.K.); (V.M.); (S.Y.)
| | - Oxana Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Petroverigsky per., 10, bld. 3, 101000 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (A.K.); (E.S.); (A.Z.); (A.B.); (A.L.); (V.R.); (M.D.); (O.K.); (O.S.); (M.P.); (O.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peng H, Chiu TY, Liang YJ, Lee CJ, Liu CS, Suen CS, Yen JJY, Chen HT, Hwang MJ, Hussain MM, Yang HC, Yang-Yen HF. PRAP1 is a novel lipid-binding protein that promotes lipid absorption by facilitating MTTP-mediated lipid transport. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100052. [PMID: 33168624 PMCID: PMC7949078 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) is an endoplasmic reticulum resident protein that is essential for the assembly and secretion of triglyceride (TG)-rich, apoB-containing lipoproteins. Although the function and structure of mammalian MTTP have been extensively studied, how exactly MTTP transfers lipids to lipid acceptors and whether there are other biomolecules involved in MTTP-mediated lipid transport remain elusive. Here we identify a role in this process for the poorly characterized protein PRAP1. We report that PRAP1 and MTTP are partially colocalized in the endoplasmic reticulum. We observe that PRAP1 directly binds to TG and facilitates MTTP-mediated lipid transfer. A single amino acid mutation at position 85 (E85V) impairs PRAP1's ability to form a ternary complex with TG and MTTP, as well as impairs its ability to facilitate MTTP-mediated apoB-containing lipoprotein assembly and secretion, suggesting that the ternary complex formation is required for PRAP1 to facilitate MTTP-mediated lipid transport. PRAP1 is detectable in chylomicron/VLDL-rich plasma fractions, suggesting that MTTP recognizes PRAP1-bound TG as a cargo and transfers TG along with PRAP1 to lipid acceptors. Both PRAP1-deficient and E85V knock-in mutant mice fed a chow diet manifested an increase in the length of their small intestines, likely to compensate for challenges in absorbing lipid. Interestingly, both genetically modified mice gained significantly less body weight and fat mass when on high-fat diets compared with littermate controls and were prevented from hepatosteatosis. Together, this study provides evidence that PRAP1 plays an important role in MTTP-mediated lipid transport and lipid absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Peng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Liang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jen Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Syuan Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shu Suen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey J-Y Yen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ta Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jing Hwang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, USA
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Blinc L, Mlinaric M, Battelino T, Groselj U. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Carotid Intima Media Thickness as Markers of Subclinical Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Pediatric Patients with Hypercholesterolemia. Molecules 2020; 25:E5118. [PMID: 33158028 PMCID: PMC7663751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major cause of atherosclerosis development and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). It leads to inflammation, which further accelerates atherosclerosis progression. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by elevated serum LDL-c from birth, due to a disease-causing variant in one of the causative genes (LDLR, APOB, PCSK9). In polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH), the disease-causing genetic variant is absent; it is likely the cumulative result of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in LDL metabolism-related genes and other factors, such as lifestyle and environment. In high risk groups, such as patients with FH, an effective primary prevention of CVD must begin in childhood. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) are two potential minimally invasive correlates of inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis progression. hsCRP and cIMT have been shown to be significantly increased in patients with FH and PH relative to healthy controls, with some studies yielding conflicting results. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge and recent findings regarding the applicability of hsCRP and cIMT as markers of low-grade inflammation and subclinical atherosclerosis, focusing especially on children and adolescents with hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Blinc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (T.B.)
| | - Matej Mlinaric
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoriceva ulica 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (T.B.)
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoriceva ulica 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Urh Groselj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.B.); (T.B.)
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Bohoriceva ulica 20, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luo ZH, Liu ZW, Mao Y, Shu R, Fu LC, Yang RY, Hu YJ, Shen XL. Cajanolactone A, a stilbenoid from cajanus cajan, prevents ovariectomy-induced obesity and liver steatosis in mice fed a regular diet. Phytomedicine 2020; 78:153290. [PMID: 32777485 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral obesity and fatty liver are prevalent in postmenopausal women. The stilbene-rich extract of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. has been reported to prevent ovariectomy-induced and diet-induced weight gain in animal models, and stilbenoids from C. cajan are thought to have the potential to prevent postmenopausal obesity and fatty liver. PURPOSE Cajanolactone A (CLA) is the main stilbenoid from C. cajan with osteoblastogenic promoting activity. This study investigated the potential of CLA to prevent postmenopausal obesity and fatty liver. Underlying mechanisms were also investigated. METHOD Ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice fed a regular diet were used as mimics of postmenopausal women and given 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg/d of CLA, 0.1 mg/kg/d of estradiol valerate (EV, positive control), or vehicle (OVX) orally for 16 weeks. Mice of the same age subjected to a sham operation were used as control (Sham). Body weights were recorded every 2 weeks for 16 weeks. Body compositions were analyzed via micro-CT. Serum levels of lipids, adipocytokines and aminotransferases were measured using the relevant kits. mRNA levels of genes of interest were detected by RT-qPCR. Proteomic study of perigonadal white adipose tissue (pWAT) was performed using tandem-mass-tags-based proteomic technology combined with Parallel-Reaction-Monitoring (PRM) validation. RESULTS CLA showed potential equivalent to that of EV to prevent ovariectomy-induced overweight, obesity, dyslipidemia, liver steatosis and liver dysfunction, but did not prevent uterine atrophy. In the liver, CLA significantly inhibited ovariectomy-induced upregulation in expression of lipogenic genes SREBP-1c and ChREBP, and stimulated the mRNA expression of apolipoprotein B gene ApoB. In pWAT, CLA reversed, or partially reversed ovariectomy-induced downregulation in the expression of a number of metabolism- and mitochondrial-function-related proteins, including Ndufa3, Pcx, Pdhb, Acly, Acaca, Aldh2, Aacs and Echs1. In addition, ovariectomy-inhibited mRNA expression of Pdhb, Aacs, Acsm5, Echs1, and Aldh2 genes in pWAT was also reversed. CONCLUSION CLA was demonstrated to be a potential non-estrogen-like drug candidate for prevention of postmenopausal obesity and fatty liver. The underlying mechanism might involve the inhibition of lipogenesis and promotion of triglycerides output in the liver, and the promotion of metabolism and mitochondrial functions of visceral white adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hui Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yu Mao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Rong Shu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lin-Chun Fu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Rui-Yi Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie Hu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Ling Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kobayashi M, Watanabe K, Suzuki T, Dohmae N, Fujiyoshi M, Uchida M, Suzuki T, Igarashi K, Ishii I. Analysis of the acrolein-modified sites of apolipoprotein B-100 in LDL. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158809. [PMID: 32919080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that acrolein-conjugated low-density lipoprotein (Acro-LDL) uptake by scavenger receptor class A type 1 (SR-A1) can mediate macrophage foam cell formation. The purpose of this study was to determine which amino acid residues of apoB protein in LDL are conjugated with acrolein. Acro-apoB was prepared by incubation of LDL with acrolein (10 to 60 μM) at 37 °C for 7 days. Identification of acrolein-conjugated amino acid residues in apoB was performed using LC-MS/MS. The levels of acrolein-conjugated amino acid residues of apoB as well as crosslinking apoB increased in proportion to acrolein concentration. The level of LDL uptake by macrophages was parallel with the acrolein-conjugated monomer apoB. Acrolein-conjugated amino acid residues in apoB were C212, K327, K742, K949, K1087, H1923, K2634, K3237 and K3846. The NH2-teriminal four amino acid residues (C212, K327, K742 and K949) were located at the scavenger receptor SR-A1 recognition site, suggesting that these four acrolein-conjugated amino acids are involved in the rapid uptake of Acro-LDL by macrophages. It is proposed that the rapid uptake of LDL by macrophages is dependent on acrolein conjugation of four amino acids residues at the scavenger receptor recognition site of apoB in LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Kobayashi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Naoshi Dohmae
- RIKEN Center Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masachika Fujiyoshi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Amine Pharma Research Institute, Innovation Plaza at Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Itsuko Ishii
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Curtis D. Analysis of exome-sequenced UK Biobank subjects implicates genes affecting risk of hyperlipidaemia. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:277-283. [PMID: 32747172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rare genetic variants in LDLR, APOB and PCSK9 are known causes of familial hypercholesterolaemia and it is expected that rare variants in other genes will also have effects on hyperlipidaemia risk although such genes remain to be identified. The UK Biobank consists of a sample of 500,000 volunteers and exome sequence data is available for 50,000 of them. 11,490 of these were classified as hyperlipidaemia cases on the basis of having a relevant diagnosis recorded and/or taking lipid-lowering medication while the remaining 38,463 were treated as controls. Variants in each gene were assigned weights according to rarity and predicted impact and overall weighted burden scores were compared between cases and controls, including population principal components as covariates. One biologically plausible gene, HUWE1, produced statistically significant evidence for association after correction for testing 22,028 genes with a signed log10 p value (SLP) of -6.15, suggesting a protective effect of variants in this gene. Other genes with uncorrected p < .001 are arguably also of interest, including LDLR (SLP = 3.67), RBP2 (SLP = 3.14), NPFFR1 (SLP = 3.02) and ACOT9 (SLP = -3.19). Gene set analysis indicated that rare variants in genes involved in metabolism and energy can influence hyperlipidaemia risk. Overall, the results provide some leads which might be followed up with functional studies and which could be tested in additional data sets as these become available. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; Centre for Psychiatry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li BT, Sun M, Li YF, Wang JQ, Zhou ZM, Song BL, Luo J. Disruption of the ERLIN-TM6SF2-APOB complex destabilizes APOB and contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008955. [PMID: 32776921 PMCID: PMC7462549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic disorder characterized by excess lipid accumulation in the liver without significant consumption of alcohol. The transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) E167K missense variant strongly associates with NAFLD in humans. The E167K mutation destabilizes TM6SF2, resulting in hepatic lipid accumulation and low serum lipid levels. However, the molecular mechanism by which TM6SF2 regulates lipid metabolism remains unclear. By using tandem affinity purification in combination with mass spectrometry, we found that apolipoprotein B (APOB), ER lipid raft protein (ERLIN) 1 and 2 were TM6SF2-interacting proteins. ERLINs and TM6SF2 mutually bound and stabilized each other. TM6SF2 bound and stabilized APOB via two luminal loops. ERLINs did not interact with APOB directly but still increased APOB stability through stabilizing TM6SF2. This APOB stabilization was hampered by the E167K mutation that reduced the protein expression of TM6SF2. In mice, knockout of Tm6sf2 and knockdown of Tm6sf2 or Erlins decreased hepatic APOB protein level, causing lipid accumulation in the liver and lowering lipid levels in the serum. We conclude that defective APOB stabilization, as a result of ERLINs or TM6SF2 deficiency or E167K mutation, is a key factor contributing to NAFLD. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a very common liver disorder that occurs in people who do not drink too much alcohol. It initiates from extra fat storage in the liver and can advance to hepatitis, fibrosis, liver failure and liver cancer. NAFLD is often associated with other health problems such as obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. The TM6SF2 gene variant is a strong risk factor for NAFLD in humans. However, the mechanism by which loss of TM6SF2 protein causes NAFLD is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TM6SF2 forms a complex with ERLINs and APOB. ERLINs and TM6SF2 stabilize each other, and TM6SF2 stabilizes APOB. In mice, ablating the expression of ERLINs or TM6SF2 lowers APOB protein level, causing lipid accumulation in the liver while decreasing lipid levels in the blood. These phenotypes resemble the symptoms of NAFLD patients carrying TM6SF2 mutations. We conclude that TM6SF2 promotes APOB stability via complex formation and that defective APOB stabilization is one of the underlying causes of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Tao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ju-Qiong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Mu Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To critically appraise new insights into the biology of remnant lipoproteins and their putative role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and to compare the atherogenicity of remnant particles with that of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). RECENT FINDINGS New in-vivo stable isotope tracer studies of the kinetics of apoB48 and apoB100-containing lipoproteins in postprandial conditions have revealed that apoB48-containing very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) accumulated markedly in hypertriglyceridemic patients. These intestinally-derived particles were cleared slowly, and represented up to 25% of circulating VLDL; as part of the remnant particle population, they may increase cardiovascular risk. Importantly, the PCSK9 inhibitor, evolocumab, was shown to reduce remnant levels (-29%) during the postprandial period in diabetic patients on statin therapy - an effect which may be additive to that of LDL-cholesterol reduction in conferring cardiovascular benefit. In recent Mendelian randomization studies, the effect of lowering triglyceride-rich lipoproteins or LDL-cholesterol translated to similar clinical benefit per unit of apoB. Finally, in randomized trials involving statin-treated patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, remnant cholesterol levels were associated with coronary atheroma progression independently of LDL-cholesterol. SUMMARY Overall, data from observational studies in large cohorts, Mendelian randomization studies, meta-regression analyses, and post-hoc analyses of randomized trials are consistent with the contention that remnants are highly atherogenic particles and contribute to the atherosclerotic burden in an equivalent manner to that of LDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Aguilar Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo. Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, N.L., México
| | - M John Chapman
- Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitie-Salpetriere University Hospital
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng W, Liu H, Luo S, Clarke J, Glass C, Su L, Lin L, Christiani DC, Wei Q. APOB Genotypes and CDH13 Haplotypes in the Cholesterol-Related Pathway Genes Predict Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1204-1213. [PMID: 32238407 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several oncogenic signals are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, transportation, and modulation of cholesterol. However, the roles of genetic variants of the cholesterol pathway genes in cancer survival remain unclear. METHODS We investigated associations between 26,781 common SNPs in 209 genes of the cholesterol pathway and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival by utilizing genotyping data from two published genome-wide association studies. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and expression quantitative trait loci analyses to identify survival-associated SNPs and their correlations with the corresponding mRNA expression, respectively. We also used the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and bioinformatics functional prediction to further evaluate the identified independent SNPs. RESULTS We found five independent SNPs (APOB rs1801701C>T; CDH13 rs35859010 C>T, rs1833970 T>A, rs254315 T>C, and rs425904 T>C) to be significantly associated with NSCLC survival in both discovery and replication datasets. When the unfavorable genotype (APOB rs1801701CC) and haplotypes (CDH13 rs35859010-rs1833970-rs254315-rs425904 C-A-T-C and T-T-T-T) were combined into a genetic score as the number of unfavorable genotypes/haplotypes (NUGH) in the multivariate analysis, an increased NUGH was associated with worse survival (P trend < 0.0001). In addition, both APOB rs1801701T<C and CDH13 rs425904C<T were correlated with mRNA expression of the genes in normal lung tissues from the genotype-tissue expression project. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants of APOB and CDH13 in the cholesterol pathway were associated with NSCLC survival, possibly by affecting their gene expression. IMPACT Genetic variants of APOB and CDH13 in the cholesterol pathway may provide new scientific insights into NSCLC prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Deng
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Clarke
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Experimental Research, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Li Su
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lijuan Lin
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David C Christiani
- Departments of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Trinder M, Francis GA, Brunham LR. Association of Monogenic vs Polygenic Hypercholesterolemia With Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA Cardiol 2020; 5:390-399. [PMID: 32049305 PMCID: PMC7042820 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2019.5954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Importance Monogenic familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with lifelong elevations in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, many individuals with hypercholesterolemia have a polygenic rather than a monogenic cause for their condition. It is unclear if a genetic variant for hypercholesterolemia alters the risk of CVD. Objectives To assess whether a genetic variant for hypercholesterolemia alters the risk of atherosclerotic CVD and to evaluate how this risk compares with that of nongenetic hypercholesterolemia. Design, Setting, and Participants In this genetic-association, case-control, cohort study, individuals aged 40 to 69 years were recruited by the UK Biobank from across the United Kingdom between March 13, 2006, and October 1, 2010, and followed up until March 31, 2017. Genotyping array and exome sequencing data from the UK Biobank cohort were used to identify individuals with monogenic (LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9) or polygenic hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C polygenic score >95th percentile based on 223 single-nucleotide variants in the entire cohort). The data were analyzed from July 1, 2019, to December 30, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The study investigated the association of genotype with the risk of coronary and carotid revascularization, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and all-cause mortality among the overall study population and among participants with monogenic FH (n = 277), polygenic hypercholesterolemia (n = 2379), or hypercholesterolemia with undetermined cause (n = 2232) at comparable levels of LDL-C measured at study enrollment. Results For the 48 741 individuals with genotyping array and exome sequencing data, the mean (SD) age was 56.6 (8.0) years, and 54.5% were female (n = 26 541 of 48 741). A monogenic FH variant for hypercholesterolemia was found in 277 individuals (0.57%, 1 in 176 individuals). Participants with monogenic FH were significantly more likely than those without monogenic FH to experience an atherosclerotic CVD event at 55 years or younger (17 of 277 [6.1%] vs 988 of 48 464 [2.0%]; P < .001). Compared with the general population, both monogenic and polygenic hypercholesterolemia were associated with an increased risk of CVD events. Moreover, among individuals with comparable levels of LDL-C, both monogenic (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.34-2.77; P < .001) and polygenic hypercholesterolemia (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.55; P = .03) were significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD events compared with the risk of such events in individuals with hypercholesterolemia without an identified genetic cause. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that among individuals with hypercholesterolemia, genetic determinants of LDL-C levels may impose additional risk of CVD. Thus, understanding the possible genetic cause of hypercholesterolemia may provide important prognostic information to treat patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Trinder
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gordon A. Francis
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liam R. Brunham
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Experimental Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Duschmalé J, Hansen HF, Duschmalé M, Koller E, Albaek N, Møller MR, Jensen K, Koch T, Wengel J, Bleicher K. In vitro and in vivo properties of therapeutic oligonucleotides containing non-chiral 3' and 5' thiophosphate linkages. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:63-74. [PMID: 31754711 PMCID: PMC6943131 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of non-bridging phosphorothioate (PS) linkages in oligonucleotides has been instrumental for the development of RNA therapeutics and antisense oligonucleotides. This modification offers significantly increased metabolic stability as well as improved pharmacokinetic properties. However, due to the chiral nature of the phosphorothioate, every PS group doubles the amount of possible stereoisomers. Thus PS oligonucleotides are generally obtained as an inseparable mixture of a multitude of diastereoisomeric compounds. Herein, we describe the introduction of non-chiral 3′ thiophosphate linkages into antisense oligonucleotides and report their in vitro as well as in vivo activity. The obtained results are carefully investigated for the individual parameters contributing to antisense activity of 3′ and 5′ thiophosphate modified oligonucleotides (target binding, RNase H recruitment, nuclease stability). We conclude that nuclease stability is the major challenge for this approach. These results highlight the importance of selecting meaningful in vitro experiments particularly when examining hitherto unexplored chemical modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Duschmalé
- RNA Therapeutics, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +41 61 68 86081; Fax: +41 61 68 88714;
| | - Henrik Frydenlund Hansen
- RNA Therapeutics, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen A/S, Femtidsvej 3, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Martina Duschmalé
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich Koller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nanna Albaek
- RNA Therapeutics, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen A/S, Femtidsvej 3, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Marianne Ravn Møller
- RNA Therapeutics, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen A/S, Femtidsvej 3, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Klaus Jensen
- RNA Therapeutics, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen A/S, Femtidsvej 3, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Troels Koch
- RNA Therapeutics, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen A/S, Femtidsvej 3, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Jesper Wengel
- Biomolecular Nanoscale Engineering Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Konrad Bleicher
- RNA Therapeutics, Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krempf M, Hopkins PN, Bruckert E, Lee S, Donahue S. Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Hypercholesterolemia Associated With Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Gain-of-Function or Apolipoprotein B Loss-of-Function Mutations. Am J Cardiol 2020; 125:880-886. [PMID: 31932084 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia results from mutations affecting the low-density lipoprotein receptor pathway, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gain-of-function mutations (GoFm) and apolipoprotein B (APOB) loss-of-function mutations (LoFm). This study examined the long-term efficacy and safety of alirocumab in patients with PCSK9 GoFm and APOB LoFm who participated in the open-label extension to a Phase 2 double-blind study (NCT01604824). Of the 23 patients who completed the 14-week double-blind period and 8-week follow-up, 21 opted to continue in the open-label extension (PCSK9 GoFm, n = 15; APOB LoFm, n = 6). Patients received alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks from week 32 up to 3 years for PCSK9 GoFm and 2 years for APOB LoFm. Mean duration of alirocumab exposure was 129 weeks (median: 144 weeks). After initiation of alirocumab treatment, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased in both groups. At week 80, mean percent reduction in LDL-C from baseline was 58.0% and 47.1% for PCSK9 GoFm and APOB LoFm groups, respectively. Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 19 patients (90.5%); no patients discontinued treatment due to treatment-emergent adverse events. In patients with autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and elevated LDL-C levels despite receiving maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapies, alirocumab 150 mg every 2 weeks resulted in clinically meaningful reductions in LDL-C, sustained through to 3 years and 2 years for patients with PCSK9 GoFm and APOB LoFm, respectively. Alirocumab was generally well tolerated with no unexpected safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul N Hopkins
- School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Shane Lee
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Basking Ridge, New Jersey
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Richardson TG, Sanderson E, Palmer TM, Ala-Korpela M, Ference BA, Davey Smith G, Holmes MV. Evaluating the relationship between circulating lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins with risk of coronary heart disease: A multivariable Mendelian randomisation analysis. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003062. [PMID: 32203549 PMCID: PMC7089422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating lipoprotein lipids cause coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the precise way in which one or more lipoprotein lipid-related entities account for this relationship remains unclear. Using genetic instruments for lipoprotein lipid traits implemented through multivariable Mendelian randomisation (MR), we sought to compare their causal roles in the aetiology of CHD. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of circulating non-fasted lipoprotein lipid traits in the UK Biobank (UKBB) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B to identify lipid-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Using data from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D for CHD (consisting of 60,801 cases and 123,504 controls), we performed univariable and multivariable MR analyses. Similar GWAS and MR analyses were conducted for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I. The GWAS of lipids and apolipoproteins in the UKBB included between 393,193 and 441,016 individuals in whom the mean age was 56.9 y (range 39-73 y) and of whom 54.2% were women. The mean (standard deviation) lipid concentrations were LDL cholesterol 3.57 (0.87) mmol/L and HDL cholesterol 1.45 (0.38) mmol/L, and the median triglycerides was 1.50 (IQR = 1.11) mmol/L. The mean (standard deviation) values for apolipoproteins B and A-I were 1.03 (0.24) g/L and 1.54 (0.27) g/L, respectively. The GWAS identified multiple independent SNPs associated at P < 5 × 10-8 for LDL cholesterol (220), apolipoprotein B (n = 255), triglycerides (440), HDL cholesterol (534), and apolipoprotein A-I (440). Between 56%-93% of SNPs identified for each lipid trait had not been previously reported in large-scale GWASs. Almost half (46%) of these SNPs were associated at P < 5 × 10-8 with more than one lipid-related trait. Assessed individually using MR, LDL cholesterol (odds ratio [OR] 1.66 per 1-standard-deviation-higher trait; 95% CI: 1.49-1.86; P < 0.001), triglycerides (OR 1.34; 95% CI: 1.25-1.44; P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B (OR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.56-1.91; P < 0.001) had effect estimates consistent with a higher risk of CHD. In multivariable MR, only apolipoprotein B (OR 1.92; 95% CI: 1.31-2.81; P < 0.001) retained a robust effect, with the estimate for LDL cholesterol (OR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.57-1.27; P = 0.44) reversing and that of triglycerides (OR 1.12; 95% CI: 1.02-1.23; P = 0.01) becoming weaker. Individual MR analyses showed a 1-standard-deviation-higher HDL cholesterol (OR 0.80; 95% CI: 0.75-0.86; P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein A-I (OR 0.83; 95% CI: 0.77-0.89; P < 0.001) to lower the risk of CHD, but these effect estimates attenuated substantially to the null on accounting for apolipoprotein B. A limitation is that, owing to the nature of lipoprotein metabolism, measures related to the composition of lipoprotein particles are highly correlated, creating a challenge in making exclusive interpretations on causation of individual components. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that apolipoprotein B is the predominant trait that accounts for the aetiological relationship of lipoprotein lipids with risk of CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom G. Richardson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M. Palmer
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian A. Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Musialik J, Boguszewska-Chachulska A, Pojda-Wilczek D, Gorzkowska A, Szymańczak R, Kania M, Kujawa-Szewieczek A, Wojcieszyn M, Hartleb M, Więcek A. A Rare Mutation in The APOB Gene Associated with Neurological Manifestations in Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041439. [PMID: 32093271 PMCID: PMC7073066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical phenotypes of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) are related to a number of defective apolipoprotein B (APOB) alleles. Fatty liver disease is a typical manifestation, but serious neurological symptoms can appear. In this study, genetic analysis of the APOB gene and ophthalmological diagnostics were performed for family members with FHBL. Five relatives with FHBL, including a proband who developed neurological disorders, were examined. A sequencing analysis of the whole coding region of the APOB gene, including flanking intronic regions, was performed using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) method. Electrophysiological ophthalmological examinations were also done. In the proband and his affected relatives, NGS identified the presence of the pathogenic, rare heterozygous splicing variant c.3696+1G>T. Two known heterozygous missense variants-c.2188G>A, p.(Val730Ile) and c.8353A>C, p.(Asn2785His)-in the APOB gene were also detected. In all patients, many ophthalmologic abnormalities in electrophysiological tests were also found. The identified splicing variant c.3696+1G>T can be associated with observed autosomal, dominant FHBL with coexisting neurological symptoms, and both identified missense variants could be excluded as the main cause of observed clinical signs, according to mutation databases and the literature. Electroretinography examination is a sensitive method for the detection of early neuropathy and should therefore be recommended for the care of patients with FHBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Musialik
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Dorota Pojda-Wilczek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Gorzkowska
- Department of Neurology, Department of Neurorehabilitation, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | | | - Magdalena Kania
- Genomed SA, 02-971 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-C.); (R.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Agata Kujawa-Szewieczek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Wojcieszyn
- Department of Gastroenterology, II John Paul Pediatric Center, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Marek Hartleb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Więcek
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.-S.); (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Jazii FR, Haghighi MM, Alvares D, Liu L, Khosraviani N, Adeli K. miR-130b is a potent stimulator of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion via marked induction of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E262-E275. [PMID: 31821038 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00276.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
miR-130b is a microRNA whose expression is particularly elevated within adipose tissue and in the circulation in diabetic states. Hepatic miR-130b expression has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and changes in lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of miR-130b in hepatic lipid homeostasis and lipoprotein export. We observed that overexpression of miR-130b-3p or -5p in HepG2 cells markedly enhanced the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, enhanced the secretion of [3H]glycerol metabolically labeled triglyceride (TG), and significantly increased the number or the average size of lipid droplets (LDs), respectively. Overexpression of miR-130b also altered the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism and in particular markedly increased both mRNA and protein expression levels of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Conversely, the miR-130b inhibitor decreased mRNA levels of MTP and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in HepG2 cells. However, dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that MTP is not a direct target of miR-130b-3p. miR-130b overexpression did not alter de novo synthesized TG or the stability and secretion of apolipoprotein B 100. Interestingly, knockdown of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) blocked the upregulation of MTP mRNA induced by miR-130b. Finally, miR-130b-induced stimulation of VLDL secretion was also observed in a second hepatocyte cell culture model, immortalized human hepatocytes, confirming the effects observed in HepG2 cells. Overall, these data suggest a potential role for miR-130b in promoting hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion mediated by marked stimulation of MTP expression and TG mobilization. Thus miR-130b overexpression corrects the defect in VLDL production in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ferdous Rastgar Jazii
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahdi Montazer Haghighi
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Alvares
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lipei Liu
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negar Khosraviani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Setia N, Movva S, Balakrishnan P, Biji IK, Sawhney JPS, Puri R, Arora A, Puri RD, Saxena R, Mishra S, Apte S, Kulshrestha S, Ramprasad VL, Verma IC. Genetic analysis of familial hypercholesterolemia in Asian Indians: A single-center study. J Clin Lipidol 2020; 14:35-45. [PMID: 32044282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal codominant disorder characterized by very high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is strongly associated with premature coronary artery disease. OBJECTIVES Molecular landscape of FH in Asian Indians is not well studied, although this ethnic group comprises a large proportion of the world population. Knowledge of mutations in these groups is useful for identifying persons affected with FH, saving their lives, and cascade screening in their relatives. METHODS Potential cases of FH (n = 100) were identified by criteria adapted for the Indian population from Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Pathogenic variants were analyzed in LDLR, APOB 100 (exons 26 and 29), PCSK9, and APOE genes using Sanger sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technique. Cases in whom there were no pathogenic variants were tested by next-generation sequencing using a targeted panel of genes. RESULTS Thirty-eight pathogenic variants were identified in 47 of 100 unrelated probands. Of these variants, 33 were identified in LDLR, 3 in APOB, and 2 in PCSK9 genes. Ten pathogenic variants were novel. Mutations were detected in 91.4% of those subjects classified as definite, 40% as probable, and in 18.8% as possible FH cases based on modified Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. A likely founder mutation in intron 10 (c.1587-1G>A) of LDLR gene was observed in 6 North Indian families. The conventional pathogenic variants in APOB and PCSK9 genes and those previously reported in LDLR gene among Asian Indians were not detected in this cohort. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates genetic heterogeneity of FH in India. The variants observed were different from those described in Western populations. Next-generation sequencing technology helped identify new mutations in APOB gene, suggesting that in less-studied populations, it is better to sequence the whole gene rather than test for specific mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Setia
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sireesha Movva
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Prahlad Balakrishnan
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ishpreet K Biji
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Raman Puri
- Department of Cardiology, Indrapratha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anjali Arora
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna D Puri
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Saxena
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Samarth Kulshrestha
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ishwar C Verma
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Beheshti S, Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. How To Identify Familial Premature Myocardial Infarction: Comparing Approaches To Identify Familial Hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:2657-2667. [PMID: 30753598 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT How best to identify families with premature myocardial infarction is unclear. OBJECTIVE We compared approaches to identify familial premature myocardial infarction in the general population using different familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) criteria and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol cut-points. DESIGN AND SETTING Clinical and mutation criteria for FH and LDL cholesterol cut-points were applied for identification of familial premature myocardial infarction in 106,732 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. RESULTS FH criteria identified 898 (13%) cases with familial premature myocardial infarction, leaving 5856 (87%) cases undetected. The ORs for familial premature myocardial infarction, compared with the respective remainder groups, were 4.7 (95% CI, 3.7 to 6.0) for clinical FH by Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, 4.4 (4.0 to 4.7) for Simon Broome criteria, 2.1 (95% CI, 1.7 to 3.6) for Make Early Diagnosis to Prevent Early Death criteria, 2.1 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.3) for FH mutation, and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3 to1.6) for LDL cholesterol ≥5 mmol/L (193 mg/dL). For these risk groups, the sensitivity (true positive rate) for identification of familial premature myocardial infarction were 1.3%, 13%, 1.6%, 0.9%, and 7.1%, respectively. Compared with universal screening of a similar fraction of the population, the relative increase in sensitivity for these risk groups was 3.8-fold [fraction of population examined: 0.3%, 3.3-fold (4%), 2.0-fold (0.8%), 2.0-fold (0.4%), and 1.4-fold (5.3%), respectively]. CONCLUSION Criteria for FH identify a small fraction of individuals with familial premature myocardial infarction in the general population. Actively identifying families with premature myocardial infarction would be of potential preventive importance, and this study provides data that could be used to choose the best method for such family identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Beheshti
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian M Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial hypercholesterolemia is an inherited disorder where cases have a significantly higher risk of having premature myocardial infarction than noncases. The prevalence of this genetic disease is currently unknown in countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. Given that a high percentage of marriages are consanguineous in this region, the prevalence may be much higher than assumed. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify case-related mutations reported within the last 4 years and since our first report in 2014. RECENT FINDINGS Mutations were reported in familial hypercholesterolemia cases from the Saudi, Iranian, Lebanese, and Syrian populations. Some of the mutations were novel and a variety of familial hypercholesterolemia genotypes were identified, such as compound heterozygotes and double heterozygotes. SUMMARY In recent years, work has been done to identify familial hypercholesterolemia cases in various countries of the Middle East and North Africa region. With regards to the prospective familial hypercholesterolemia registry for the Middle East and North Africa region, an important goal for the near future would be to have physician specialists collaborate with primary care clinicians for the identification and optimal care of familial hypercholesterolemia cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhier A Awan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
| | - Nabeel S Bondagji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary A Bamimore
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/blood
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/blood
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/blood
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Apolipoprotein B-100/blood
- Apolipoprotein B-100/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/blood
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Cholesterol, LDL/blood
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression
- Genomics/methods
- Humans
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/blood
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Lipoproteins/blood
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Mutation
- Proprotein Convertase 9/blood
- Proprotein Convertase 9/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/blood
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Sterol Esterase/blood
- Sterol Esterase/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Alves
- Unidade de I&D, Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana R Chora
- Unidade de I&D, Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Bourbon
- Unidade de I&D, Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia often went unrecognized in China when population cholesterol levels were low, but rapid economic development has changed the situation. This review will discuss the current position of awareness, diagnosis, and management of familial hypercholesterolemia in Chinese populations. RECENT FINDINGS The phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia in China and other Chinese populations has become similar to that in Western countries, although it may still be somewhat less severe. The prevalence in Chinese populations is also similar to that in other countries and it has been found in up to 7% of Chinese patients with premature coronary heart disease. Most of the mutations are in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene but the pattern of mutations differs from that in Whites. Chinese patients may be more responsive to statins than Whites but patients with familial hypercholesterolemia are often undertreated. SUMMARY Increasing population cholesterol levels have changed the phenotype of familial hypercholesterolemia in China and Chinese patients now resemble those in Western countries. International initiatives are facilitating increased awareness and identification of cases and more effective management of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Miao Hu
- Bright Future Pharmaceutical Laboratories Limited, Hong Kong
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Hegele
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pelusi S, Baselli G, Pietrelli A, Dongiovanni P, Donati B, McCain MV, Meroni M, Fracanzani AL, Romagnoli R, Petta S, Grieco A, Miele L, Soardo G, Bugianesi E, Fargion S, Aghemo A, D'Ambrosio R, Xing C, Romeo S, De Francesco R, Reeves HL, Valenti LVC. Rare Pathogenic Variants Predispose to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3682. [PMID: 30842500 PMCID: PMC6403344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a rising cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined whether inherited pathogenic variants in candidate genes (n = 181) were enriched in patients with NAFLD-HCC. To this end, we resequenced peripheral blood DNA of 142 NAFLD-HCC, 59 NAFLD with advanced fibrosis, and 50 controls, and considered 404 healthy individuals from 1000 G. Pathogenic variants were defined according to ClinVar, likely pathogenic as rare variants predicted to alter protein activity. In NAFLD-HCC patients, we detected an enrichment in pathogenic (p = 0.024), and likely pathogenic variants (p = 1.9*10-6), particularly in APOB (p = 0.047). APOB variants were associated with lower circulating triglycerides and higher HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01). A genetic risk score predicted NAFLD-HCC (OR 4.96, 3.29-7.55; p = 5.1*10-16), outperforming the diagnostic accuracy of common genetic risk variants, and of clinical risk factors (p < 0.05). In conclusion, rare pathogenic variants in genes involved in liver disease and cancer predisposition are associated with NAFLD-HCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pelusi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hepatology, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Baselli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pietrelli
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Misti Vanette McCain
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marica Meroni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Renato Romagnoli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Liver Transplantation Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Salvatore Petta
- Section of Gastroenterology, DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Grieco
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Rome, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Soardo
- Clinic of Internal Medicine-Liver Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Aghemo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital and Humanitas University, Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- "A.M. e A. Migliavacca" Center for the Study of Liver Disease, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Wallenberg Laboratory, Cardiology Department, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM), Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Bioinformatic group, Milan, Italy
| | - Helen Louise Reeves
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luca Vittorio Carlo Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
- Translational Medicine, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hepatology, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Shaik NA, Alharbi FK, Alharbi KK, Ali Khan I. Screening of common genetic variants in the APOB gene related to familial hypercholesterolemia in a Saudi population: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14247. [PMID: 30681615 PMCID: PMC6358331 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a monogenic dominant inherited disorder of lipid metabolism characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein levels, and is mainly attributable to mutations in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB), and proportein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes. Next-generation and exome sequencing studies have primarily involved genome-wide association analyses, and meta-analyses and next-generation studies examined a few single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs151009667 and Val2095Glu) in the ApoB gene. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of APOB and patients with FH in a Saudi population.We genotyped 100 patients with FH and 100 controls for 2 polymorphisms in APOB using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, followed by 3% agarose gel electrophoresis. The strength of the association between the genotype and allele frequencies with the risk of developing FH was evaluated. Clinical details and genotype analysis results were recorded.For the rs151009667 polymorphism, 18% of the CT genotypes were observed only in patients with FH. There was a positive association between CT and CC (odds ratio [OR] 45.07 [95% conflict of interest (CI), 2.67-759.1]; P = .0001) and between T and C (OR 87.8 [95% CI, 5.34-144.2]; P < .0001). However, no Val2095Glu mutations were found in patients with FH or controls. There was also no correlation between clinical characteristics and the rs151009667 polymorphism.In conclusion, we confirmed the association between the rs151009667 polymorphism and FH in a Saudi population. The Val2095Glu novel variant did not appear in either patients with FH or controls. Similar studies should be performed in different ethnic populations to rule out the role of this polymorphism in FH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh
| | - Noor Ahmad Shaik
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah
| | | | - Khalid Khalaf Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kalyuzhnaya OV, Bairova TA, Kolesnikova LI. Predictive Models for the Risk of Dyslipidemia in Adolescents with Essential Arterial Hypertension. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:297-300. [PMID: 30488199 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Predictive models of comorbidity, dyslipidemic disorders and essential arterial hypertension, in Russian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (mean 15.48±1.53) were formulated with consideration for biochemical (lipid profiles) and genetic parameters (carrier state of gene polymorphic variants of apolipoprotein genes ApoA1 (-75G/A and +83C/T), ApoB (Ins/Del), ApoC3 (S1/S2), and ApoE (ε2/ε3/ε4). Significant prognostic risk factors for the mentioned comorbid pathologies were lipid metabolism parameters HDL-Ch, LDL-Ch, VLDL-Ch and carrier state of the +83T allele of the ApoA1 gene and Del allele of the ApoB gene. The obtained mathematical model is characterized by high predictive accuracy: the percentage of correct classification or the rate of correct assignment of each participant to the proper group was 96.33%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O V Kalyuzhnaya
- Research Centre for the Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - T A Bairova
- Research Centre for the Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - L I Kolesnikova
- Research Centre for the Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Czumaj A, Mika A, Chmielewski M, Sledzinski T. Cyclopropaneoctanoic Acid 2-Hexyl Upregulates the Expression of Genes Responsible for Lipid Synthesis and Release in Human Hepatic HepG2 Cells. Lipids 2018; 53:345-351. [PMID: 29701265 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have found cyclopropaneoctanoic acid 2-hexyl (CPOA2H) in humans and demonstrated its elevated levels in patients with metabolic diseases associated with hypertriglyceridemia. However, it is still unclear whether CPOA2H may influence lipid metabolism in lipogenic tissues. To verify this, HepG2 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured with various concentrations of CPOA2H, and then the expressions of genes associated with lipid metabolism were determined. Incubation with CPOA2H at concentrations found in patients with metabolic diseases enhanced the expression of hepatocyte genes associated with lipid synthesis and release, in particular, the fatty acid synthase gene (nearly 20-fold increase in the mRNA level). In contrast, incubation with CPOA2H caused the downregulation of most adipocyte genes associated with lipid synthesis, whereas the level of leptin mRNA was increased. These findings suggest that CPOA2H may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in patients with metabolic diseases, upregulating the expression of hepatocyte genes responsible for lipid synthesis and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Callea F, Giovannoni I, Sari S, Guldal E, Dalgic B, Akyol G, Sogo T, Al-Hussaini A, Maggiore G, Bartuli A, Boldrini R, Francalanci P, Bellacchio E. Fibrinogen Gamma Chain Mutations Provoke Fibrinogen and Apolipoprotein B Plasma Deficiency and Liver Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122717. [PMID: 29244742 PMCID: PMC5751318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
p.R375W (Fibrinogen Aguadilla) is one out of seven identified mutations (Brescia, Aguadilla, Angers, Al du Pont, Pisa, Beograd, and Ankara) causing hepatic storage of the mutant fibrinogen γ. The Aguadilla mutation has been reported in children from the Caribbean, Europe, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and China. All reported children presented with a variable degree of histologically proven chronic liver disease and low plasma fibrinogen levels. In addition, one Japanese and one Turkish child had concomitant hypo-APOB-lipoproteinemia of unknown origin. We report here on an additional child from Turkey with hypofibrinogenemia due to the Aguadilla mutation, massive hepatic storage of the mutant protein, and severe hypo-APOB-lipoproteinemia. The liver biopsy of the patient was studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy (EM), and immunohistochemistry. The investigation included the DNA sequencing of the three fibrinogen and APOB-lipoprotein regulatory genes and the analysis of the encoded protein structures. Six additional Fibrinogen Storage Disease (FSD) patients with either the Aguadilla, Ankara, or Brescia mutations were investigated with the same methodology. A molecular analysis revealed the fibrinogen gamma p.R375W mutation (Aguadilla) but no changes in the APOB and MTTP genes. APOB and MTTP genes showed no abnormalities in the other study cases. Light microscopy and EM studies of liver tissue samples from the child led to the demonstration of the simultaneous accumulation of both fibrinogen and APOB in the same inclusions. Interestingly enough, APOB-containing lipid droplets were entrapped within the fibrinogen inclusions in the hepatocytic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Similar histological, immunohistochemical, EM, and molecular genetics findings were found in the other six FSD cases associated with the Aguadilla, as well as with the Ankara and Brescia mutations. The simultaneous retention of fibrinogen and APOB-lipoproteins in FSD can be detected in routinely stained histological sections. The analysis of protein structures unraveled the pathomorphogenesis of this unexpected phenomenon. Fibrinogen gamma chain mutations provoke conformational changes in the region of the globular domain involved in the "end-to-end" interaction, thus impairing the D-dimer formation. Each monomeric fibrinogen gamma chain is left with an abnormal exposure of hydrophobic patches that become available for interactions with APOB and lipids, causing their intracellular retention and impairment of export as a secondary unavoidable phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Callea
- Department Pathology and Molecular Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Giovannoni
- Department Pathology and Molecular Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sinan Sari
- Department Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gazi University Ankara, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Esendagli Guldal
- Department Pathology, Gazi University Ankara, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Buket Dalgic
- Department Pediatric Gastroenterology, Gazi University Ankara, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gulen Akyol
- Department Pathology, Gazi University Ankara, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Tsuyoshi Sogo
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohama City Tobu Hospital 3-6-1, Shimosueyoshi, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hussaini
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Giuseppe Maggiore
- Section of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, University Hospital Arcispedale Sant'Anna, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Renata Boldrini
- Department Pathology and Molecular Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department Pathology and Molecular Histopathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases, Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lee CJ, Lee Y, Park S, Kang SM, Jang Y, Lee JH, Lee SH. Rare and common variants of APOB and PCSK9 in Korean patients with extremely low low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186446. [PMID: 29036232 PMCID: PMC5643101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Screening of variants, related to lipid metabolism in patients with extreme cholesterol levels, is a tool used to identify targets affecting cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of rare and common variants of APOB and PCSK9 in Korean patients with extremely low low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Methods Among 13,545 participants enrolled in a cardiovascular genome cohort, 22 subjects, whose LDL-C levels without lipid-lowering agents were ≤1 percentile (48 mg/dL) of Korean population, were analyzed. Two target genes, APOB and PCSK9, were sequenced by targeted next-generation sequencing. Prediction of functional effects was conducted using SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and Mutation Taster, and matched against a public database of variants. Results Eight rare variants of the two candidate genes (five in APOB and three in PCSK9) were found in nine subjects. Two subjects had more than two different rare variants of either gene (one subject in APOB and another subject in APOB/PCSK9). Conversely, 12 common variants (nine in APOB and three in PCSK9) were discovered in 21 subjects. Among all variants, six in APOB and three in PCSK9 were novel. Several variants previously reported functional, including c.C277T (p.R93C) and c.G2009A (p.G670E) of PCSK9, were found in our population. Conclusions Rare variants of APOB or PCSK9 were identified in nine of the 22 study patients with extremely low LDL-C levels, whereas most of them had common variants of the two genes. The common novelty of variants suggested polymorphism of the two genes among them. Our results provide rare genetic information associated with this lipid phenotype in East Asian people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Joo Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunbeom Lee
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SHL); (JHL)
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SHL); (JHL)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Song Y, Ruan J, Luo J, Wang T, Yang F, Cao H, Huang J, Hu G. Abnormal histopathology, fat percent and hepatic apolipoprotein A I and apolipoprotein B100 mRNA expression in fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome and their improvement by soybean lecithin. Poult Sci 2017; 96:3559-3563. [PMID: 28938763 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the etiopathogenesis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) and the protective effects of soybean lecithin against FLHS in laying hens, 135 healthy 300-day-old Hyline laying hens were randomly divided into groups: control (group 1), diseased (group 2), and protected (group 3). Each group contained 45 layers with 3 replicates. The birds in these 3 groups were fed a control diet, a high-energy/low-protein (HELP) diet or the HELP diet supplemented with 3% soybean lecithin instead of maize. The fat percent in the liver was calculated. Histopathological changes in the liver were determined by staining, and the mRNA expression levels of apolipoproteinA I (apoA I) and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) in the liver were determined by RT-PCR. The results showed that the fat percent in the liver of group 2 was much higher (P < 0.01) than that of group 1 and group 2 on d 30 and 60. The histology of the liver in group 2 on d 30 and 60 displayed various degrees of liver lesions, while the hepatocytes showed a normal structure in group 3 with mild microvesicular steatosis in the liver cell on d 30 and 60. The mRNA expression levels of apoA I and apoB100 in the livers were variable throughout the experiment. The expression level of apoA I in group 2 significantly decreased on d 60 (P < 0.05); the expression level of apoB100 slightly increased on d 30 in group 2, while it sharply decreased on d 60. Compared to group 1, the expression level of apoB100 showed no significant difference in group 3 (P < 0.05). This study indicated that FLHS induced pathological changes and abnormal expression of apoA I and apoB100 in the livers of laying hens and that soybean lecithin alleviated these abnormal changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalu Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jiming Ruan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Tiancheng Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhen Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, No. 1101 Zhimin Avenue, Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schaefer EAK, Meixiong J, Mark C, Deik A, Motola DL, Fusco D, Yang A, Brisac C, Salloum S, Lin W, Clish CB, Peng LF, Chung RT. Apolipoprotein B100 is required for hepatitis C infectivity and Mipomersen inhibits hepatitis C. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9954-9965. [PMID: 28018102 PMCID: PMC5143762 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i45.9954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To characterize the role of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) in hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection.
METHODS In this study, we utilize a gene editing tool, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), to generate human hepatoma cells with a stable genetic deletion of APOB to assess of apoB in HCV. Using infectious cell culture-competent HCV, viral pseudoparticles, replicon models, and lipidomic analysis we determined the contribution of apoB to each step of the viral lifecycle. We further studied the effect of mipomersen, an FDA-approved antisense inhibitor of apoB100, on HCV using in vitro cell-culture competent HCV and determined its impact on viral infectivity with the TCID50 method.
RESULTS We found that apoB100 is indispensable for HCV infection. Using the JFH-1 fully infectious cell-culture competent virus in Huh 7 hepatoma cells with TALEN-mediated gene deletion of apoB (APOB KO), we found a significant reduction in HCV RNA and protein levels following infection. Pseudoparticle and replicon models demonstrated that apoB did not play a role in HCV entry or replication. However, the virus produced by APOB KO cells had significantly diminished infectivity as measured by the TCID-50 method compared to wild-type virus. Lipidomic analysis demonstrated that these virions have a fundamentally altered lipidome, with complete depletion of cholesterol esters. We further demonstrate that inhibition of apoB using mipomersen, an FDA-approved anti-sense oligonucleotide, results in a potent anti-HCV effect and significantly reduces the infectivity of the virus.
CONCLUSION ApoB is required for the generation of fully infectious HCV virions, and inhibition of apoB with mipomersen blocks HCV. Targeting lipid metabolic pathways to impair viral infectivity represents a novel host targeted strategy to inhibit HCV.
Collapse
|
45
|
Natarajan P, Bis JC, Bielak LF, Cox AJ, Dörr M, Feitosa MF, Franceschini N, Guo X, Hwang SJ, Isaacs A, Jhun MA, Kavousi M, Li-Gao R, Lyytikäinen LP, Marioni RE, Schminke U, Stitziel NO, Tada H, van Setten J, Smith AV, Vojinovic D, Yanek LR, Yao J, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Amin N, Baber U, Borecki IB, Carr JJ, Chen YDI, Cupples LA, de Jong PA, de Koning H, de Vos BD, Demirkan A, Fuster V, Franco OH, Goodarzi MO, Harris TB, Heckbert SR, Heiss G, Hoffmann U, Hofman A, Išgum I, Jukema JW, Kähönen M, Kardia SLR, Kral BG, Launer LJ, Massaro J, Mehran R, Mitchell BD, Mosley TH, de Mutsert R, Newman AB, Nguyen KD, North KE, O'Connell JR, Oudkerk M, Pankow JS, Peloso GM, Post W, Province MA, Raffield LM, Raitakari OT, Reilly DF, Rivadeneira F, Rosendaal F, Sartori S, Taylor KD, Teumer A, Trompet S, Turner ST, Uitterlinden AG, Vaidya D, van der Lugt A, Völker U, Wardlaw JM, Wassel CL, Weiss S, Wojczynski MK, Becker DM, Becker LC, Boerwinkle E, Bowden DW, Deary IJ, Dehghan A, Felix SB, Gudnason V, Lehtimäki T, Mathias R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Psaty BM, Rader DJ, Rotter JI, Wilson JG, van Duijn CM, Völzke H, Kathiresan S, Peyser PA, O'Donnell CJ. Multiethnic Exome-Wide Association Study of Subclinical Atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:511-520. [PMID: 27872105 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals is heritable and associated with elevated risk of developing clinical coronary heart disease. We sought to identify genetic variants in protein-coding regions associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and the risk of subsequent coronary heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied a total of 25 109 European ancestry and African ancestry participants with coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured by cardiac computed tomography and 52 869 participants with common carotid intima-media thickness measured by ultrasonography within the CHARGE Consortium (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology). Participants were genotyped for 247 870 DNA sequence variants (231 539 in exons) across the genome. A meta-analysis of exome-wide association studies was performed across cohorts for CAC and carotid intima-media thickness. APOB p.Arg3527Gln was associated with 4-fold excess CAC (P=3×10-10). The APOE ε2 allele (p.Arg176Cys) was associated with both 22.3% reduced CAC (P=1×10-12) and 1.4% reduced carotid intima-media thickness (P=4×10-14) in carriers compared with noncarriers. In secondary analyses conditioning on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, the ε2 protective association with CAC, although attenuated, remained strongly significant. Additionally, the presence of ε2 was associated with reduced risk for coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.77; P=1×10-11). CONCLUSIONS Exome-wide association meta-analysis demonstrates that protein-coding variants in APOB and APOE associate with subclinical atherosclerosis. APOE ε2 represents the first significant association for multiple subclinical atherosclerosis traits across multiple ethnicities, as well as clinical coronary heart disease.
Collapse
|
46
|
Apăvăloaie MC, Bararu I, Pleşoianu CE, Jitaru D, Dragoş L, Ciocoiu M, Arsenescu-Georgescu C, Bădescu M. Inflammatory and Genetic Markers (APO B100 and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene) in the Coronary Artery Disease. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2016; 120:530-536. [PMID: 30044585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the correlations between inflammation markers and ApoB100 and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a study in 58 patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) who underwent coronarography at the Iasi "Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu' Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. the patients included in the studies were selected from those who needed a coronarography for unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. The data were uploaded and processed using the statistical functions in SPPS 18.0 at a 95% materiality threshold. RESULTS Elevated inflammation markers were found in all study patients, with small differences in distribution. None of the study patients presented ApoB100 gene mutations. As to ACE polymorphism, a predominance of genotype II in unicoronary patients and ID and DD genotypes in bicoronary and tricoronary patients was found. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study confirm the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in the severity and progression of the coronary disease, leaving room for larger and more comprehensive studies and new research perspectives.
Collapse
|
47
|
Nguyen A, Duquette N, Mamarbachi M, Thorin E. Epigenetic Regulatory Effect of Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase 1 Expression in the Skeletal Muscle of Severely Dyslipidemic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151526. [PMID: 27010651 PMCID: PMC4806847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective approach for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and loss of muscular mass and function. Its benefits are widely documented but incompletely characterized. It has been reported that exercise can induce changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes including Sod2, Trx1, Prdx3 and Gpx1 and limits the rise in oxidative stress commonly associated with CVD. These enzymes can be subjected to epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, in response to environmental cues. The aim of our study was to determine whether in the early stages of atherogenesis, in young severely dyslipidemic mice lacking LDL receptors and overexpressing human ApoB100 (LDLR-/-; hApoB+/+), exercise regulates differentially the expression of antioxidant enzymes by DNA methylation in the skeletal muscles that consume high levels of oxygen and thus generate high levels of reactive oxygen species. Expression of Sod2, Txr1, Prdx3 and Gpx1 was altered by 3 months of exercise and/or severe dyslipidemia in 6-mo dyslipidemic mice. Of these genes, only Gpx1 exhibited changes in DNA methylation associated with dyslipidemia and exercise: we observed both increased DNA methylation with dyslipidemia and a transient decrease in DNA methylation with exercise. These epigenetic alterations are found in the second exon of the Gpx1 gene and occur alongside with inverse changes in mRNA expression. Inhibition of expression by methylation of this specific locus was confirmed in vitro. In conclusion, Gpx1 expression in the mouse skeletal muscle can be altered by both exercise and dyslipidemia through changes in DNA methylation, leading to a fine regulation of free radical metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Natacha Duquette
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Mamarbachi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Thorin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gabcova-Balaziova D, Stanikova D, Vohnout B, Huckova M, Stanik J, Klimes I, Raslova K, Gasperikova D. Molecular-genetic aspects of familial hypercholesterolemia. Endocr Regul 2016; 49:164-81. [PMID: 26238499 DOI: 10.4149/endo_2015_03_164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the world's most abundant and the most common heritable disorder of lipid metabolism. The prevalence of the disease in general population is 1:500. Therefore the approximate number of FH patients all over the world is 14 million. From the genetic point of view the disease originates as a result of mutations in genes affecting the processing of LDL particles from circulation, resulting in an increase in LDL cholesterol and hence total cholesterol. These are mutations in genes encoding LDL receptor, apolipoprotein B, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 and LDL receptor adaptor protein 1. Cholesterol depositing in tissues and blood vessels of individuals creates tendon xanthoma, xanthelesma and arcus lipoides cornae. Due to the increased deposition of cholesterol in blood vessels, atherosclerosis process is accelerated, what leads to a significantly higher risk of premature cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, early clinical diagnosis confirmed by the DNA analysis, and effective treatment are crucial to reduce the mortality and high risk of premature atherosclerotic complications.
Collapse
|
49
|
Naya N, Fukao K, Nakamura A, Hamada T, Sugimoto M, Kojima M, Yoshimura N, Uwabe KI, Imagawa K, Nomura K, Hara S, Nakano T, Iwasaki T, Shinosaki T, Hanasaki K. A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonist PYPEP suppresses atherosclerosis in association with improvement of the serum lipoprotein profiles in human apolipoprotein B100 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein double transgenic mice. Metabolism 2016; 65:16-25. [PMID: 26683793 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) δ agonists have been shown to improve the serum lipoprotein profiles in humans, the impact of the changes in these lipoprotein profiles on atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the selective PPARδ agonist-induced alterations of serum lipoprotein profiles and the development of atherosclerosis in human apolipoprotein B100 and cholesterol ester transfer protein double transgenic (hApoB100/hCETP-dTg) mice with human-like hypercholesterolemic dyslipidemia. METHODS hApoB100/hCETP-dTg mice fed an atherogenic diet received a novel PPARδ agonist (PYPEP) or vehicle for 18 weeks, followed by evaluation of atherosclerosis. Serum samples were collected during the treatment period at least at 3-week intervals to determine the lipoprotein levels and the levels of an inflammatory marker, macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and to analyze the lipoprotein profile by fast protein liquid chromatography. The cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was examined using [(3)H]-cholesterol labeled macrophages. RESULTS Compared with vehicle treatment, PYPEP treatment caused increases in the serum levels of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), as well as reductions in the serum non-HDL cholesterol and MCP-1 levels. The HDL fraction from the PYPEP-treated group maintained its cholesterol efflux capacity and showed an increased population of smaller HDL particles. PYPEP substantially suppressed atherosclerotic lesion progression, and the lesion areas had significant correlations with non-HDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, ApoA-I and MCP-1 by Pearson's correlation analysis. A multiple regression analysis revealed that non-HDL cholesterol and ApoA-I were significantly associated with the atherosclerotic lesion area. CONCLUSION A novel PPARδ agonist, PYPEP, suppressed atherosclerotic lesion progression by improving the serum lipoprotein profiles, including increased levels of ApoA-I and functional HDL particles, as well as a reduced non-HDL cholesterol level, in hApoB100/hCETP-dTg mice with human-like hypercholesterolemic dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Naya
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Keita Fukao
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Akemi Nakamura
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Tadateru Hamada
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sugimoto
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Midori Kojima
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Norito Yoshimura
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Uwabe
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Keiichi Imagawa
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kohji Nomura
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Seijiro Hara
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Toru Nakano
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwasaki
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shinosaki
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kohji Hanasaki
- Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., 1-1, Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schwarzová L. [Molecular genetics of hypercholesterolemia]. Vnitr Lek 2016; 62:877-881. [PMID: 28128573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The review focuses on the molecular background of an inborn error of lipid metabolism -familial hypercholesterolemia. FH describes a group of genetic defects resulting in severe elevations of blood cholesterol levels and increased risk of premature coronary heart disease. Most cases are due to the mutations decreasing and/or destroying the function of the LDL receptor (85-90 % of cases), smaller portion of cases is caused by defects in the gene encoding the ligand for LDL receptor - apolipoprotein B-100 (5-10 %). Less than 5 % of cases has gain-of-function station of the PCSK9 gene that increases the rate of degradation of the LDL receptor molecules. Autosomal recessive form of the disease, caused by the mutations in LDLR adaptor protein 1 gene, is extremely rare.Key words: APOB - familial hypercholesterolemia - LDLR - LDLRAP1 - PCSK9.
Collapse
|