1
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Sun HJ, Ni ZR, Liu Y, Fu X, Liu SY, Hu JY, Sun QY, Li YC, Hou XH, Zhang JR, Zhu XX, Lu QB. Deficiency of neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) impairs endothelial function in diet-induced diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:138. [PMID: 38664801 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) plays a critical role in the regulation of cholesterol ester metabolism. Deficiency of NCHE1 accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice. Nonetheless, the role of NCEH1 in endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes has not been explored. The present study sought to investigate whether NCEH1 improved endothelial function in diabetes, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. METHODS The expression and activity of NCEH1 were determined in obese mice with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, high glucose (HG)-induced mouse aortae or primary endothelial cells (ECs). Endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in aortae response to acetylcholine (Ach) was measured. RESULTS Results showed that the expression and activity of NCEH1 were lower in HFD-induced mouse aortae, HG-exposed mouse aortae ex vivo, and HG-incubated primary ECs. HG exposure reduced EDR in mouse aortae, which was exaggerated by endothelial-specific deficiency of NCEH1, whereas NCEH1 overexpression restored the impaired EDR. Similar results were observed in HFD mice. Mechanically, NCEH1 ameliorated the disrupted EDR by dissociating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from caveolin-1 (Cav-1), leading to eNOS activation and nitric oxide (NO) release. Moreover, interaction of NCEH1 with the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ZNRF1 led to the degradation of Cav-1 through the ubiquitination pathway. Silencing Cav-1 and upregulating ZNRF1 were sufficient to improve EDR of diabetic aortas, while overexpression of Cav-1 and downregulation of ZNRF1 abolished the effects of NCEH1 on endothelial function in diabetes. Thus, NCEH1 preserves endothelial function through increasing NO bioavailability secondary to the disruption of the Cav-1/eNOS complex in the endothelium of diabetic mice, depending on ZNRF1-induced ubiquitination of Cav-1. CONCLUSIONS NCEH1 may be a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of vascular complications of diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Male
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Caveolin 1/metabolism
- Caveolin 1/deficiency
- Caveolin 1/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Sterol Esterase/metabolism
- Sterol Esterase/genetics
- Mice, Knockout
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/pathology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Obesity/enzymology
- Obesity/physiopathology
- Obesity/metabolism
- Ubiquitination
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhang-Rong Ni
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shi-Yi Liu
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jin-Yi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qing-Yi Sun
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yu-Chao Li
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Hou
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji-Ru Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xue-Xue Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Qing-Bo Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214125, China.
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2
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Bianco V, Svecla M, Vingiani GB, Kolb D, Schwarz B, Buerger M, Beretta G, Norata GD, Kratky D. Regional Differences in the Small Intestinal Proteome of Control Mice and of Mice Lacking Lysosomal Acid Lipase. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1506-1518. [PMID: 38422518 PMCID: PMC7615810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic contribution of the small intestine (SI) is still unclear despite recent studies investigating the involvement of single cells in regional differences. Using untargeted proteomics, we identified regional characteristics of the three intestinal tracts of C57BL/6J mice and found that proteins abundant in the mouse ileum correlated with the high ileal expression of the corresponding genes in humans. In the SI of C57BL/6J mice, we also detected an increasing abundance of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which is responsible for degrading triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters within the lysosome. LAL deficiency in patients and mice leads to lipid accumulation, gastrointestinal disturbances, and malabsorption. We previously demonstrated that macrophages massively infiltrated the SI of Lal-deficient (KO) mice, especially in the duodenum. Using untargeted proteomics (ProteomeXchange repository, data identifier PXD048378), we revealed a general inflammatory response and a common lipid-associated macrophage phenotype in all three intestinal segments of Lal KO mice, accompanied by a higher expression of GPNMB and concentrations of circulating sTREM2. However, only duodenal macrophages activated a metabolic switch from lipids to other pathways, which were downregulated in the jejunum and ileum of Lal KO mice. Our results provide new insights into the process of absorption in control mice and possible novel markers of LAL-D and/or systemic inflammation in LAL-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bianco
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Vingiani
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Core
Facility Ultrastructural Analysis, Medical
University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Birgit Schwarz
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Buerger
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department
of Environmental Science and Policy, Università
degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Department
of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Centro
SISA per lo studio dell’Aterosclerosi, Ospedale Bassini, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Italy
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried
Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/4, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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3
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Zhu R, Feng Y, Yang X, Li R, Song Z, Liu Q, Shi D, Huang J. Functionally conserved PPARG exonic circRNAs enhance intramuscular fat deposition by regulating PPARG and HSL. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128613. [PMID: 38070814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNA) are a kind of endogenous biological macromolecules that play significant roles in many biological processes, including adipogenesis, a precisely orchestrated process that is mediated by a large number of factors. Among them, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), is undoubtedly the most important regulator of adipocyte development in all types of adipose tissue. The formation of intramuscular fat (IMF), is a key factor that influences the meat quality in livestock animals. PPARG has been demonstrated to show a positive correlation with IMF deposition although the regulatory mechanism involved is not known. This study demonstrates that PPARG mediates IMF deposition by producing multiple exonic circRNAs (circPPARGs). Three circPPARGs promote adipogenic differentiation and inhibit the proliferation of intramuscular preadipocytes and these effects are conserved across several species including buffaloes, cattle and mice. Notably, circPPARG1 interacts with PPARG protein to inhibit the transcription of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) involved in lipolysis. In addition, the positive effects of circPPARG1 on IMF deposition were identified in mice in vivo. Thus, PPARG drives IMF deposition, not only through the common transcription factor pathway, but also by producing circRNAs. This study provides new insights into our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of PPARG in IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Ye Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Xintong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Ruirui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Ziyi Song
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528225, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China.
| | - Jieping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China.
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4
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Yu HC, Jeon YG, Na AY, Han CY, Lee MR, Yang JD, Yu HC, Son JB, Kim ND, Kim JB, Lee S, Bae EJ, Park BH. p21-activated kinase 4 counteracts PKA-dependent lipolysis by phosphorylating FABP4 and HSL. Nat Metab 2024; 6:94-112. [PMID: 38216738 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue lipolysis is mediated by cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent intracellular signalling. Here, we show that PKA targets p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), leading to its protein degradation. Adipose tissue-specific overexpression of PAK4 in mice attenuates lipolysis and exacerbates diet-induced obesity. Conversely, adipose tissue-specific knockout of Pak4 or the administration of a PAK4 inhibitor in mice ameliorates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance while enhancing lipolysis. Pak4 knockout also increases energy expenditure and adipose tissue browning activity. Mechanistically, PAK4 directly phosphorylates fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) at T126 and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at S565, impairing their interaction and thereby inhibiting lipolysis. Levels of PAK4 and the phosphorylation of FABP4-T126 and HSL-S565 are enhanced in the visceral fat of individuals with obesity compared to their lean counterparts. In summary, we have uncovered an important role for FABP4 phosphorylation in regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, and PAK4 inhibition may offer a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwang Chan Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Yong Geun Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chang Yeob Han
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Mi Rin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jae Do Yang
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Yu
- Department of Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | | | - Jae Bum Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
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5
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Westerterp M, Li F, Zhang H. Dissecting cell type-specific impact in lysosomal acid lipase deficiency-associated disorders. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100474. [PMID: 37972729 PMCID: PMC10750170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Fang Li
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Genomics Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Bradić I, Liesinger L, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Trauner M, Birner-Gruenberger R, Kratky D. Metabolic changes and propensity for inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer in livers of mice lacking lysosomal acid lipase. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100427. [PMID: 37595802 PMCID: PMC10482749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is the sole lysosomal enzyme responsible for the degradation of cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols at acidic pH. Impaired LAL activity leads to LAL deficiency (LAL-D), a severe and fatal disease characterized by ectopic lysosomal lipid accumulation. Reduced LAL activity also contributes to the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To advance our understanding of LAL-related liver pathologies, we performed comprehensive proteomic profiling of livers from mice with systemic genetic loss of LAL (Lal-/-) and from mice with hepatocyte-specific LAL-D (hepLal-/-). Lal-/- mice exhibited drastic proteome alterations, including dysregulation of multiple proteins related to metabolism, inflammation, liver fibrosis, and cancer. Global loss of LAL activity impaired both acidic and neutral lipase activities and resulted in hepatic lipid accumulation, indicating a complete metabolic shift in Lal-/- livers. Hepatic inflammation and immune cell infiltration were evident, with numerous upregulated inflammation-related gene ontology biological process terms. In contrast, both young and mature hepLal-/- mice displayed only minor changes in the liver proteome, suggesting that loss of LAL solely in hepatocytes does not phenocopy metabolic alterations observed in mice globally lacking LAL. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying liver dysfunction in LAL-D and may help in understanding why decreased LAL activity contributes to NAFLD. Our study highlights the importance of LAL in maintaining liver homeostasis and demonstrates the drastic consequences of its global deficiency on the liver proteome and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bradić
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Laura Liesinger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina B Kuentzel
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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7
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Anushiravani A, Jafari Khamirani H, Mohamadkhani A, Mani A, Dianatpour M, Malekzadeh R. A Form of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Associated with a Novel LIPA Variant. Arch Iran Med 2023; 26:86-91. [PMID: 37543928 PMCID: PMC10685898 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The LIPA gene on chromosome 10q23.31 contains 10 exons and encodes lipase A, the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) containing 399 amino acids. Pathogenic variants in the LIPA result in autosomal recessive Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). Here, we report a novel missense variant (NM_001127605.3:c.928T>A, p.Trp310Arg) of LIPA in an Iranian family with fatty liver disease identified by whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. METHODS A 28-year-old woman referred with lean NASH cirrhosis and extremely high cholesterol levels. Fatty liver disease was found in six of her family members using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Baseline routine laboratory tests were performed and whole-exome sequencing and confirmation by Sanger sequencing were done. RESULTS The index case had severe dyslipidemia and cirrhosis despite a body mass index of 21.09 kg/m2 . Six other family members had dyslipidemia and fatty liver or cirrhosis. A homozygous missense variant (NM_001127605.3:c.928T>A, p.Trp310Arg) of LIPA which caused LAL-D was found to be associated with fatty liver disease and/or cirrhosis. CONCLUSION A homozygous missense variant (NM_001127605.3:c.928T>A, p.Trp310Arg) of the LIPA gene which caused LAL-D was found to be associated with dyslipidemia, fatty liver disease and/or cirrhosis in six members of an Iranian family. These results should be confirmed by functional studies and extending the study to at least three families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Anushiravani
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arya Mani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mehdi Dianatpour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Zhao T, Liu S, Ding X, Johnson EM, Hanna NH, Singh K, Sen CK, Wan J, Du H, Yan C. Lysosomal acid lipase, CSF1R, and PD-L1 determine functions of CD11c+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e156623. [PMID: 35917184 PMCID: PMC9536279 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.156623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of neutral lipids. In the blood of LAL-deficient (Lal-/-) mice, increased CD11c+ cells were accompanied by upregulated programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Single-cell RNA sequencing of Lal-/- CD11c+ cells identified 2 distinctive clusters with a major metabolic shift toward glucose utilization and reactive oxygen species overproduction. Pharmacologically blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase in glycolysis not only reduced CD11c+ cells and their PD-L1 expression but also reversed their capabilities of T cell suppression and tumor growth stimulation. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) played an essential role in controlling Lal-/- CD11c+ cell homeostasis and function and PD-L1 expression. Pharmacological inhibition of LAL activity increased CD11c, PD-L1, and CSF1R levels in both normal murine myeloid cells and human blood cells. Tumor-bearing mice and human patients with non-small cell lung cancer also showed CD11c+ cell expansion with PD-L1 and CSF1R upregulation and immunosuppression. There were positive correlations among CD11c, PD-L1, and CSF1R expression and negative correlations with LAL expression in patients with lung cancer or melanoma using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and patient samples. Therefore, CD11c+ cells switched their functions to immune suppression and tumor growth stimulation through CSF1R/PD-L1 upregulation and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Sheng Liu
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and
| | | | | | | | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, and
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- IU Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center
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9
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Xiao ZJ, Liu SX, Zou B, Cheng HH, Xu H, Huang ZH, Shu SN. [A case of delayed-type cholesteryl ester storage disease derived from LIPA gene mutation]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:360-362. [PMID: 35385947 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20210830-00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z J Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - S X Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - B Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - H H Cheng
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - H Xu
- Ultrastructural Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Z H Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - S N Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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10
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Hartmann K, Seweryn M, Sadee W. Interpreting coronary artery disease GWAS results: A functional genomics approach assessing biological significance. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0244904. [PMID: 35192625 PMCID: PMC8863290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated 58 loci in coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the biological basis for these associations, the relevant genes, and causative variants often remain uncertain. Since the vast majority of GWAS loci reside outside coding regions, most exert regulatory functions. Here we explore the complexity of each of these loci, using tissue specific RNA sequencing data from GTEx to identify genes that exhibit altered expression patterns in the context of GWAS-significant loci, expanding the list of candidate genes from the 75 currently annotated by GWAS to 245, with almost half of these transcripts being non-coding. Tissue specific allelic expression imbalance data, also from GTEx, allows us to uncover GWAS variants that mark functional variation in a locus, e.g., rs7528419 residing in the SORT1 locus, in liver specifically, and rs72689147 in the GUYC1A1 locus, across a variety of tissues. We consider the GWAS variant rs1412444 in the LIPA locus in more detail as an example, probing tissue and transcript specific effects of genetic variation in the region. By evaluating linkage disequilibrium (LD) between tissue specific eQTLs, we reveal evidence for multiple functional variants within loci. We identify 3 variants (rs1412444, rs1051338, rs2250781) that when considered together, each improve the ability to account for LIPA gene expression, suggesting multiple interacting factors. These results refine the assignment of 58 GWAS loci to likely causative variants in a handful of cases and for the remainder help to re-prioritize associated genes and RNA isoforms, suggesting that ncRNAs maybe a relevant transcript in almost half of CAD GWAS results. Our findings support a multi-factorial system where a single variant can influence multiple genes and each genes is regulated by multiple variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hartmann
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michał Seweryn
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Sadee
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Muller YL, Sutherland J, Nair AK, Koroglu C, Kobes S, Knowler WC, Van Hout CV, Shuldiner AR, Hanson RL, Bogardus C, Baier LJ. A missense variant Arg611Cys in LIPE which encodes hormone sensitive lipase decreases lipolysis and increases risk of type 2 diabetes in American Indians. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3504. [PMID: 34655148 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), encoded by the LIPE gene, is involved in lipolysis. Based on prior animal and human studies, LIPE was analysed as a candidate gene for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a community-based sample of American Indians. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole-exome sequence data from 6782 participants with longitudinal clinical measures were used to identify variation in LIPE. RESULTS Amongst the 16 missense variants identified, an Arg611Cys variant (rs34052647; Cys-allele frequency = 0.087) significantly associated with T2D (OR [95% CI] = 1.38 [1.17-1.64], p = 0.0002, adjusted for age, sex, birth year, and the first five genetic principal components) and an earlier onset age of T2D (HR = 1.22 [1.09-1.36], p = 0.0005). This variant was further analysed for quantitative traits related to T2D. Amongst non-diabetic American Indians, those with the T2D risk Cys-allele had increased insulin levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (0.07 SD per Cys-allele, p = 0.04) and a mixed meal test (0.08 log10 µU/ml per Cys-allele, p = 0.003), and had increased lipid oxidation rates post-absorptively and during insulin infusion (0.07 mg [kg estimated metabolic body size {EMBS}]-1 min-1 per Cys-allele for both, p = 0.01 and 0.009, respectively), compared to individuals with the non-risk Arg-allele. In vitro functional studies showed that cells expressing the Cys-allele had a 17.2% decrease in lipolysis under isoproterenol stimulation (p = 0.03) and a 21.3% decrease in lipase enzyme activity measured by using p-nitrophenyl butyrate as a substrate (p = 0.04) compared to the Arg-allele. CONCLUSION The Arg611Cys variant causes a modest impairment in lipolysis, thereby affecting glucose homoeostasis and risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua L Muller
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeff Sutherland
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Anup K Nair
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Cigdem Koroglu
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Centre, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Clifton Bogardus
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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12
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Aqul AA, Ramirez CM, Lopez AM, Burns DK, Repa JJ, Turley SD. Molecular markers of brain cholesterol homeostasis are unchanged despite a smaller brain mass in a mouse model of cholesteryl ester storage disease. Lipids 2022; 57:3-16. [PMID: 34618372 PMCID: PMC8766890 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), encoded by the gene LIPA, facilitates the intracellular processing of lipids by hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols present in newly internalized lipoproteins. Loss-of-function mutations in LIPA result in cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) or Wolman disease when mutations cause complete loss of LAL activity. Although the phenotype of a mouse CESD model has been extensively characterized, there has not been a focus on the brain at different stages of disease progression. In the current studies, whole-brain mass and the concentrations of cholesterol in both the esterified (EC) and unesterified (UC) fractions were measured in Lal-/- and matching Lal+/+ mice (FVB-N strain) at ages ranging from 14 up to 280 days after birth. Compared to Lal+/+ controls at 50, 68-76, 140-142, and 230-280 days of age, Lal-/- mice had brain weights that averaged approximately 6%, 7%, 18%, and 20% less, respectively. Brain EC levels were higher in the Lal-/- mice at every age, being elevated 27-fold at 230-280 days. Brain UC concentrations did not show a genotypic difference at any age. The elevated brain EC levels in the Lal-/- mice did not reflect EC in residual blood. An mRNA expression analysis for an array of genes involved in the synthesis, catabolism, storage, and transport of cholesterol in the brains of 141-day old mice did not detect any genotypic differences although the relative mRNA levels for several markers of inflammation were moderately elevated in the Lal-/- mice. The possible sites of EC accretion in the central nervous system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Aqul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Charina M. Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Adam M. Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Dennis K. Burns
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Joyce J. Repa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Stephen D. Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
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Witeck CDR, Schmitz AC, de Oliveira JMD, Porporatti AL, De Luca Canto G, Pires MMDS. Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency in pediatric patients: a scoping review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98:4-14. [PMID: 33964214 PMCID: PMC9432115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an underdiagnosed autosomal recessive disease with onset between the first years of life and adulthood. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective therapy and long-term survival. The objective of this article is to recognize warning signs among the clinical and laboratory characteristics of LAL-D in pediatric patients through a scope review. SOURCES Electronic searches in the Embase, PubMed, Livivo, LILACS, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Open Gray, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases. The dataset included observational studies with clinical and laboratory characteristics of infants, children and adolescents diagnosed with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency by enzyme activity testing or analysis of mutations in the lysosomal acid lipase gene (LIPA). The reference selection process was performed in two stages. The references were selected by two authors, and the data were extracted in June 2020. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS The initial search returned 1593 studies, and the final selection included 108 studies from 30 countries encompassing 206 patients, including individuals with Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). The most prevalent manifestations in both spectra of the disease were hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, anemia, dyslipidemia, and elevated transaminases. CONCLUSIONS Vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, and splenomegaly may be correlated, and may serve as a starting point for investigating LAL-D. Familial lymphohistiocytosis should be part of the differential diagnosis with LAL-D, and all patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy should be submitted to intestinal biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila da Rosa Witeck
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Anne Calbusch Schmitz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Júlia Meller Dias de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Baseadas em Evidências, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - André Luís Porporatti
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Baseadas em Evidências, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Graziela De Luca Canto
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Baseadas em Evidências, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Marlene de Souza Pires
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental- MENULab, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Pediatria, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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14
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Wu Y, Li R, Wu X, Guo W, Li Y, Song Y, Tao B, Chen J, Han D, Xie S, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Hu W. Improved liver lipid catabolism and utilization in growth hormone transgenic common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) through enhanced lipolytic and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:982488. [PMID: 36171901 PMCID: PMC9510774 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.982488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) show desirable aquaculture traits. Their specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) are approximately 12% and 17% higher than the wild-type (WT) common carp, respectively. However, the mechanisms of lipid catabolism (lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation) and utilization in GH transgenic common carp are still unclear. In this study, we firstly compared the lipid metabolism of GH transgenic (initial weight 3.72 ± 0.32 g) and WT (initial weight 3.30 ± 0.28 g) common carp fed with a normal fat level diet (6% lipid, 33% protein) for two months, then compared the growth performance of GH transgenic (initial weight 3.65 ± 0.33 g) and WT (initial weight 3.27 ± 0.26 g) common carp fed with different fat levels diets (6% lipid and 12% lipid, 33% protein) for two months. We found that the lipid content in serum, liver and whole body was significantly reduced in GH transgenic common carp, the hepatic activities of the lipolytic enzymes hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase were enhanced, and the hepatic expression level of hormone-sensitive lipase was upregulated. In addition, the mitochondrion numbers were increased, and the expression level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1a and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1b was upregulated in the liver of GH transgenic common carp. GH transgenic common carp showed higher weight gain and SGR than that in WT carp when fed with a normal-fat diet as they did when fed with a high-fat diet, and GH transgenic common carp showed higher FE than that in WT carp when fed with a high-fat diet. These results suggested that the lipid catabolism and utilization was improved in the GH transgenic common carp liver through enhanced lipolytic and fatty acid β-oxidation pathways. Our study provides new insights into improving lipid utilization in some aquaculture fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunya Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Binbin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Ji Chen,
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Shouqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Hu, ; Ji Chen,
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15
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Casado ME, Huerta L, Marcos-Díaz A, Ortiz AI, Kraemer FB, Lasunción MA, Busto R, Martín-Hidalgo A. Hormone-sensitive lipase deficiency affects the expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux and disturbs fertility in mouse testis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159043. [PMID: 34461308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) hydrolyse acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters. HSL is a key lipase in mice testis, as HSL deficiency results in male sterility. The present work study the effects of the deficiency and lack of HSL on the localization and expression of SR-BI, LDLr, and ABCA1 receptors/transporters involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in mice testis, to determine the impact of HSL gene dosage on testis morphology, lipid homeostasis and fertility. The results of this work show that the lack of HSL in mice alters testis morphology and spermatogenesis, decreasing sperm counts, sperm motility and increasing the amount of Leydig cells and lipid droplets. They also show that there are differences in the localization of HSL, SR-BI, LDLr and ABCA1 in HSL+/+, HSL+/- and HSL-/- mice. The deficiency or lack of HSL has effects on protein and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolisms in mouse testis. HSL-/- testis have augmented expression of SR-BI, LDLr, ABCA1 and LXRβ, a critical sterol sensor that regulate multiple genes involved in lipid metabolism; whereas LDLr expression decreased in HSL+/- mice. Plin2, Abca1 and Ldlr mRNA levels increased; and LXRα (Nr1h3) and LXRβ (Nr1h2) decreased in testis from HSL-/- compared with HSL+/+; with no differences in Scarb1. Together these data suggest that HSL deficiency or lack in mice testis induces lipid homeostasis alterations that affect the cellular localization and expression of key receptors/transporter involved in cellular cholesterol uptake and efflux (SR-BI, LDRr, ABCA1); alters normal cellular function and impact fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Emilia Casado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Lydia Huerta
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Marcos-Díaz
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Ortiz
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental y Animalario, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, United States of America; VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Miguel Angel Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Rebeca Busto
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), E-28034 Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Spain.
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16
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Pasta A, Borro P, Cremonini AL, Formisano E, Tozzi G, Cecchi S, Fresa R, Labanca S, Djahandideh A, Sukkar SG, Picciotto A, Pisciotta L. Effect of a common missense variant in LIPA gene on fatty liver disease and lipid phenotype: New perspectives from a single-center observational study. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00820. [PMID: 34476902 PMCID: PMC8413903 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypoalphalipoproteinemia, mixed hyperlipemia, and fatty liver (FL) due to mutations in LIPAse A, lysosomal acid type (LIPA) gene. The rs1051338 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in LIPA gene, in vitro, could adversely affect the LAL activity (LAL-A). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is often associated with metabolic syndrome, and the diagnosis requires the exclusion of excess of alcohol intake and other causes of hepatic disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of rs1051338 rare allele on lipid phenotype, severity of FL, and LAL-A in patients suffering from dyslipidemia associated with NAFLD. We selected 74 subjects with hypoalphalipoproteinemia or mixed hyperlipemia and evaluated transaminases, liver assessment with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), LAL-A, rs1051338 SNP genotype. The presence of rare allele caused higher levels of triglycerides and hepatic transaminase and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Multivariate analysis highlighted independent association between rare allele and FL severity in subjects with NAFLD. The rs1051338 SNP may modulate FL severity and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients suffering from NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pasta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Borro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Cremonini
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Formisano
- Nutritional Unit ASL-1 Imperiese, Giovanni Borea Civil Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Giulia Tozzi
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of Metabolic Biochemistry, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cecchi
- Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, IRCCS "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Fresa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Labanca
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Afscin Djahandideh
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Samir Giuseppe Sukkar
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonino Picciotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Sachdev V, Duta-Mare M, Korbelius M, Vujić N, Leopold C, Freark de Boer J, Rainer S, Fickert P, Kolb D, Kuipers F, Radovic B, Gorkiewicz G, Kratky D. Impaired Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Dysbiosis in Mice Lacking Lysosomal Acid Lipase. Cells 2021; 10:2619. [PMID: 34685599 PMCID: PMC8533808 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is the sole enzyme known to be responsible for the hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides at an acidic pH in lysosomes, resulting in the release of unesterified cholesterol and free fatty acids. However, the role of LAL in diet-induced adaptations is largely unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that feeding a Western-type diet to Lal-deficient (LAL-KO) mice triggers metabolic reprogramming that modulates gut-liver cholesterol homeostasis. Induction of ileal fibroblast growth factor 15 (three-fold), absence of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase expression, and activation of the ERK phosphorylation cascade results in altered bile acid composition, substantial changes in the gut microbiome, reduced nutrient absorption by 40%, and two-fold increased fecal lipid excretion in LAL-KO mice. These metabolic adaptations lead to impaired bile acid synthesis, lipoprotein uptake, and cholesterol absorption and ultimately to the resistance of LAL-KO mice to diet-induced obesity. Our results indicate that LAL-derived lipolytic products might be important metabolic effectors in the maintenance of whole-body lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sachdev
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Madalina Duta-Mare
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Christina Leopold
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.d.B.); (F.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Rainer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Peter Fickert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Dagmar Kolb
- Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Center for Medical Research Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.F.d.B.); (F.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Radovic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
| | - Gregor Gorkiewicz
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.S.); (M.D.-M.); (M.K.); (N.V.); (C.L.); (S.R.); (B.R.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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18
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Helderman RC, Whitney DG, Duta-Mare M, Akhmetshina A, Vujic N, Jayapalan S, Nyman JS, Misra BB, Rosen CJ, Czech MP, Kratky D, Rendina-Ruedy E. Loss of function of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) profoundly impacts osteoblastogenesis and increases fracture risk in humans. Bone 2021; 148:115946. [PMID: 33838322 PMCID: PMC8108562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is essential for cholesteryl ester (CE) and triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis in the lysosome. Clinically, an autosomal recessive LIPA mutation causes LAL deficiency (LALD), previously described as Wolman Disease or Cholesteryl Ester Storage Disease (CESD). LAL-D is associated with ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, small intestine, spleen, adrenal glands, and blood. Considering the importance of unesterified cholesterol and fatty acids in bone metabolism, we hypothesized that LAL is essential for bone formation, and ultimately, skeletal health. To investigate the role of LAL in skeletal homeostasis, we used LAL-deficient (-/-) mice, in vitro osteoblast cultures, and novel clinical data from LAL-D patients. Both male and female LAL-/- mice demonstarted lower trabecular and cortical bone parameters , which translated to reduced biomechanical properties. Further histological analyses revealed that LAL-/- mice had fewer osteoblasts, with no change in osteoclast or marrow adipocyte numbers. In studying the cell-autonomous role of LAL, we observed impaired differentiation of LAL-/- calvarial osteoblasts and in bone marrow stromal cells treated with the LAL inhibitor lalistat. Consistent with LAL's role in other tissues, lalistat resulted in profound lipid puncta accumulation and an altered intracellular lipid profile. Finally, we analyzed a large de-identified national insurance database (i.e. 2016/2017 Optum Clinformatics®) which revealed that adults (≥18 years) with CESD (n = 3076) had a higher odds ratio (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.03-1.41) of all-cause fracture at any location compared to adults without CESD (n = 13.7 M) after adjusting for demographic variables and osteoporosis. These data demonstrate that alterations in LAL have significant clinical implications related to fracture risk and that LAL's modulation of lipid metabolism is a critical for osteoblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron C Helderman
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel G Whitney
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48107, USA
| | - Madalina Duta-Mare
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Vujic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Shobana Jayapalan
- Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Biswapriya B Misra
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27104, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Michael P Czech
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/6, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA; Center for Bone Biology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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19
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Ozuynuk AS, Erkan AF, Ekici B, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Coban N. Cholesterol-related gene variants are associated with diabetes in coronary artery disease patients. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3945-3954. [PMID: 34021444 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) which is a complex cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. The changing prevalence of the disease in different ethnic groups pointing out the genetic background of CAD. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of selected cholesterol metabolism-related gene polymorphisms to CAD presence. A total of 493 individuals who underwent coronary angiography were divided into 2 groups: normal coronary arteries (≤ 30% stenosis) and critical disease (≥ 50% stenosis). Individuals were genotyped for APOC1 (rs11568822), APOD (rs1568565), LIPA (rs13500), SORL1 (rs2282649), and LDLR (rs5930) polymorphisms using hydrolysis probes in Real-Time PCR. Blood samples were drawn before coronary angiography and biochemical analyses were done. The results were statistically evaluated. When the study group was stratified according to CAD, the minor allele of APOD polymorphism was found related to decreased risk for T2DM in the non-CAD group. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for several confounders, LDLR rs5930 polymorphism was found associated with T2DM presence in the male CAD group [OR = 0.502, 95%CI (0.259-0.974), p = 0.042]. Besides, APOD and LIPA polymorphisms were shown to affect serum lipid levels in non-CAD T2DM patients (p < 0.05). The minor allele of APOC1 was found associated with triglyceride levels in males independent of CAD status. Besides, LDLR minor allele carrier females had elevated HbA1c and glucose levels independent from CAD status in the whole group. The cholesterol metabolism-related gene polymorphisms were found associated with T2DM and biochemical parameters stratified to sex, CAD, and T2DM status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybike Sena Ozuynuk
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Sehremini, Istanbul, 34080, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aycan Fahri Erkan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berkay Ekici
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Ufuk University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nihan Erginel-Unaltuna
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Sehremini, Istanbul, 34080, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Coban
- Department of Genetics, Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute for Experimental Medicine, Sehremini, Istanbul, 34080, Turkey.
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20
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Pajed L, Taschler U, Tilp A, Hofer P, Kotzbeck P, Kolleritsch S, Radner FPW, Pototschnig I, Wagner C, Schratter M, Eder S, Huetter S, Schreiber R, Haemmerle G, Eichmann TO, Schweiger M, Hoefler G, Kershaw EE, Lass A, Schoiswohl G. Advanced lipodystrophy reverses fatty liver in mice lacking adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase. Commun Biol 2021; 4:323. [PMID: 33692445 PMCID: PMC7946939 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of adipocyte lipolysis represents an attractive approach to treat metabolic diseases. Lipolysis mainly depends on two enzymes: adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Here, we investigated the short- and long-term impact of adipocyte HSL on energy homeostasis using adipocyte-specific HSL knockout (AHKO) mice. AHKO mice fed high-fat-diet (HFD) progressively developed lipodystrophy accompanied by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. The increased hepatic triglyceride deposition was due to induced de novo lipogenesis driven by increased fatty acid release from adipose tissue during refeeding related to defective insulin signaling in adipose tissue. Remarkably, the fatty liver of HFD-fed AHKO mice reversed with advanced age. The reversal of fatty liver coincided with a pronounced lipodystrophic phenotype leading to blunted lipolytic activity in adipose tissue. Overall, we demonstrate that impaired adipocyte HSL-mediated lipolysis affects systemic energy homeostasis in AHKO mice, whereby with older age, these mice reverse their fatty liver despite advanced lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Tilp
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Eder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Huetter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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21
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Munir R, Lisec J, Jaeger C, Zaidi N. Abundance, fatty acid composition and saturation index of neutral lipids in colorectal cancer cell lines. Acta Biochim Pol 2021; 68:115-118. [PMID: 33595227 DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020_5465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets, the dynamic organelles that store triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol esters (CE), are highly accumulated in colon cancer cells. This work studies the TG and CE subspecies profile in colon carcinoma cell lines, SW480 derived from primary tumor, and SW620 derived from a metastasis of the same tumor. It was previously reported that the total TG and CE content is dramatically higher in SW620 cells; however, TG and CE subspecies profile has not been investigated in detail. The work presented here confirms that the total TG and CE content is significantly higher in the SW620 cells. Moreover, the fatty acid (FA) composition of TG is significantly altered in the SW620 cells, with significant decrease in the abundance of saturated triglycerides. This resulted in a significantly decreased TG saturation index in the SW620 cells. The saturation index of CE was also significantly decreased in the SW620 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Munir
- 1Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Cancer Research Centre (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jan Lisec
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nousheen Zaidi
- 1Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; 2Cancer Research Centre (CRC), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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22
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Zareie R, Yuzbashian E, Rahimi H, Asghari G, Zarkesh M, Hedayati M, Djazayery A, Movahedi A, Mirmiran P, Khalaj A. Dietary fat content and adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase gene expressions in adults' subcutaneous and visceral fat tissues. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 165:102244. [PMID: 33445064 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined the association of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene expressions, as the key regulators of lipolysis, with dietary fat quantity and composition in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). METHODS In this observational study, samples were collected from patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their body mass index (BMI) status. Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected before surgery. Linear regression was performed to determine the association of dietary fat content with ATGL and HSL gene expressions in SAT and VAT. RESULTS 152 individuals with a mean ± SD age of 40.7 ± 13.2 years and a median (inter-quartile range) BMI of 39.4 (26.5-45.3 kg/m2) participated in this study, of whom 54 were non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m2), and 98 were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2). Among non-obese participants, positive associations were observed between ATGL mRNA expression and reported intakes of total fatty acids (TFA) (β=0.306, P = 0.025), myristic (β=0.285, P = 0.038), palmitic (β=0.417, P = 0.002), oleic (β=0.333, P = 0.017), dairy trans (β=0.374, P = 0.006), and other trans FAs (β=0.369, P = 0.006) in SAT. In contrast, inverse associations between HSL mRNA expression and reported intakes of TFAs (β=-0.377, P = 0.005), myristic (β=-0.282, P = 0.039), palmitic (β=-0.372, P = 0.006), stearic (β=-0.314, P = 0.020), and oleic acid (β=-0.372, P = 0.007) were observed in SAT. No associations were observed among obese participants, nor in VAT among non-obese individuals. CONCLUSION ATGL and HSL mRNA expressions in SAT were associated with dietary fat quantity and composition among non-obese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Zareie
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Yuzbashian
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Rahimi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariyo Movahedi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Sollier C, Capel E, Aguilhon C, Smirnov V, Auclair M, Douillard C, Ladsous M, Defoort-Dhellemmes S, Gorwood J, Braud L, Motterlini R, Vatier C, Lascols O, Renard E, Vigouroux C, Jéru I. LIPE-related lipodystrophic syndrome: clinical features and disease modeling using adipose stem cells. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 184:155-168. [PMID: 33112291 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The term Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL) describes a heterogeneous group of rare monogenic disorders and multifactorial conditions, characterized by upper-body adipose masses. Biallelic variants in LIPE encoding hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a key lipolytic enzyme, were implicated in three families worldwide. We aimed to further delineate LIPE-related clinical features and pathophysiological determinants. METHODS A gene panel was used to identify pathogenic variants. The disease features were reviewed at the French lipodystrophy reference center. The immunohistological, ultrastructural, and protein expression characteristics of lipomatous tissue were determined in surgical samples from one patient. The functional impact of variants was investigated by developing a model of adipose stem cells (ASCs) isolated from lipomatous tissue. RESULTS We identified new biallelic LIPE null variants in three unrelated patients referred for MSL and/or partial lipodystrophy. The hallmarks of the disease, appearing in adulthood, included lower-limb lipoatrophy, upper-body and abdominal pseudo-lipomatous masses, diabetes and/or insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, liver steatosis, high blood pressure, and neuromuscular manifestations. Ophthalmological investigations revealed numerous auto-fluorescent drusen-like retinal deposits in all patients. Lipomatous tissue and patient ASCs showed loss of HSL and decreased expression of adipogenic and mature adipocyte markers. LIPE-mutated ASCs displayed impaired adipocyte differentiation, decreased insulin response, defective lipolysis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONSLUSIONS Biallelic LIPE null variants result in a multisystemic disease requiring multidisciplinary care. Loss of HSL expression impairs adipocyte differentiation, consistent with the lipodystrophy/MSL phenotype and associated metabolic complications. Detailed ophthalmological examination could reveal retinal damage, further pointing to the nervous tissue as an important disease target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Sollier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Capel
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Aguilhon
- CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vasily Smirnov
- CHU de Lille, Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-Ophtalmologie, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Claire Douillard
- Hopital Huriez-CHU Lille, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Métabolisme, et Hôpital Jeanne de Flandres, Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Clinique de Pédiatrie, Lille, France
| | - Miriam Ladsous
- Hôpital Jean Bernard, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, Venciennes, France
| | - Sabine Defoort-Dhellemmes
- CHU de Lille, Exploration de la Vision et Neuro-Ophtalmologie, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Laura Braud
- Inserm U955, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | | | - Camille Vatier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lascols
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France
| | - Eric Renard
- CHU de Montpellier, Hôpital Lapeyronie, Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Centre National de Référence des Pathologies Rares de l'Insulino-Sécrétion et de l'Insulino-Sensibilité (PRISIS), Service de Diabétologie et Endocrinologie de la Reproduction, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Jéru
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS_938, Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Laboratoire commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, Paris, France
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24
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Abstract
Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was initially characterized as the hormonally regulated neutral lipase activity responsible for the breakdown of triacylglycerols into fatty acids in adipose tissue. This review aims at providing up-to-date information on structural properties, regulation of expression, activity and function as well as therapeutic potential. The lipase is expressed as different isoforms produced from tissue-specific alternative promoters. All isoforms are composed of an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain within which a regulatory domain containing the phosphorylation sites is embedded. Some isoforms possess additional N-terminal regions. The catalytic domain shares similarities with bacteria, fungus and vascular plant proteins but not with other mammalian lipases. HSL singularity is provided by regulatory and N-terminal domains sharing no homology with other proteins. HSL has a broad substrate specificity compared to other neutral lipases. It hydrolyzes acylglycerols, cholesteryl and retinyl esters among other substrates. A novel role of HSL, independent of its enzymatic function, has recently been described in adipocytes. Clinical studies revealed dysregulations of HSL expression and activity in disorders, such as lipodystrophy, obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer-associated cachexia. Development of specific inhibitors positions HSL as a pharmacological target for the treatment of metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Recazens
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), UMR1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1297, Toulouse, France; Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague and Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University Hospitals, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Toulouse, France.
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25
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Yasutake Y, Konishi K, Muramatsu S, Yoshida K, Aburatani S, Sakasegawa SI, Tamura T. Bacterial triacylglycerol lipase is a potential cholesterol esterase: Identification of a key determinant for sterol-binding specificity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:578-586. [PMID: 33279561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterase (Che) from Burkholderia stabilis (BsChe) is a homolog of well-characterized and industrially relevant bacterial triacylglycerol lipases (Lips). BsChe is a rare bacterial Lip enzyme that exhibits practical Che activity and is currently used in clinical applications to determine total serum cholesterol levels. To investigate the sterol specificity of BsChe, we determined the X-ray structure of BsChe. We discovered a local structural change in the active-site cleft, which might be related to substrate binding and product release. We also performed molecular docking studies by using the X-ray models of BsChe and cholesterol linoleate (CLL), the most favorable substrate for BsChe. The results showed that the sterol moieties of reasonable CLL docking poses localized to a specific active-site cleft surface formed by Leu266 and Ile287, which are unconserved among Burkholderia Lip homologs. Site-directed mutagenesis identified these residues as essential for the Che activity of BsChe, and Leu or Ile substitution conferred marked Che activity to Burkholderia Lips. In particular, Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia ubonensis Lips with the V266L/L287I double mutation exhibited ~50-fold and 500-fold higher Che activities than those of the wild-type enzymes, respectively. These results provide new insights into the substrate-binding mechanisms and selectivities of bacterial Lips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yasutake
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Konishi
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Keitaro Yoshida
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Tamura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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26
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Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency, or cholesterol ester storage disease, is a disorder affecting the breakdown of cholesterol esters and triglycerides within lysosomes. Clinical findings include hepatomegaly, hepatic dysfunction, and dyslipidemia with a wide range of phenotypic variability and age of onset. The available clinical and molecular information of the patient presented herein was consistent with a diagnosis of LAL deficiency, but her LAL activity assay repeatedly showed normal or borderline low results. Her response to enzyme replacement therapy and demonstrable deficiency on a newer specific enzymatic assay ultimately confirmed her diagnosis of LAL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Fresno, Fresno
- Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Valley Children's Hospital, Madera
| | - Jessica L. Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Xinying Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Michael H. Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Grace E. Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Gong L, Jin H, Li Y, Quan Y, Yang J, Tang Q, Zou Z. Rosiglitazone ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance by decreasing free fatty acids release from adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1122-1128. [PMID: 33036752 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue are important organs of glucose-lipid metabolism. However, excessive lipolysis and free fatty acids (FFA) release in adipocytes elevate plasma FFA, leading to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated effects of insulin-resistant adipocytes on skeletal muscle in vitro by simulating body environment using a transwell coculture method. Insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes increased lipolysis and FFA release, which reduced insulin sensitivity in the cocultured C2C12 myotubes. Rosiglitazone (RSG) decreased excessive lipolysis by reducing expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and activity of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which led to decrease of FFA release from insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Meanwhile, insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes cocultured with insulin-resistant 3T3-L1 adipocytes was ameliorated after RSG treatment. Taken together, our present study provided direct evidence to better understand insulin resistance between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Animals
- Asialoglycoproteins/genetics
- Asialoglycoproteins/metabolism
- Cell Communication/physiology
- Coculture Techniques
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood
- Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lipase/genetics
- Lipase/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Lipolysis/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone/pharmacology
- Sterol Esterase/genetics
- Sterol Esterase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yingyao Quan
- Zhuhai Interventional Medical Center, Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Qing Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhengzhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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28
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Abstract
One of the primary metabolic functions of a mature adipocyte is to supply energy via lipolysis, or the catabolism of stored lipids. Adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) are critical lipolytic enzymes, and their phosphorylation generates phospho-binding sites for 14-3-3 proteins, a ubiquitously expressed family of molecular scaffolds. Although we previously identified essential roles of the 14-3-3ζ isoform in murine adipogenesis, the presence of 14-3-3 protein binding sites on ATGL and HSL suggests that 14-3-3ζ could also influence mature adipocyte processes like lipolysis. Here we demonstrate that 14-3-3ζ is necessary for lipolysis in male mice and fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, as depletion of 14-3-3ζ significantly impaired glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) release. Unexpectedly, reducing 14-3-3ζ expression was found to significantly impact adipocyte maturity, as observed by reduced abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ2 protein and expression of mature adipocyte genes and those associated with de novo triglyceride synthesis and lipolysis. The impact of 14-3-3ζ depletion on adipocyte maturity was further examined with untargeted lipidomics, which revealed that reductions in 14-3-3ζ abundance promoted the acquisition of a lipidomic signature that resembled undifferentiated preadipocytes. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel aspect of 14-3-3ζ in adipocytes, as reducing 14-3-3ζ was found to have a negative effect on adipocyte maturity and adipocyte-specific processes like lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel K Oppong
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiometabolic axis, Centre de recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kadidia Diallo
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiometabolic axis, Centre de recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Montreal Heart Institute, Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cardiometabolic axis, Centre de recherche de Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Chabchoub I, Boudabbous H, Maaloul I, Ben Abdelaziz R, Ben Chehida A, Ayadi L, Kamoun T, Tebib N, Boudaouara T, Bekri S, Hachicha M. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Rare Complication of an Ultrarare Lysosomal Storage Disease. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020; 42:310-312. [PMID: 31318819 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening hyperinflammatory condition that may be triggered by infections, autoimmune and immunologic disorders, malignancies, and metabolic diseases. Early and accurate diagnosis of HLH and its underlying cause is of paramount importance for proper management and prognosis. We report the case of a Tunisian 21-month-old girl who initially presented clinical features of HLH related to a lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. The genetic sequence analysis of the LIPA gene revealed a never described homozygous mutation c.966G>C (p.Gln322His). The parents were heterozygous for this mutation. Enzyme replacement therapy was not provided for the patient. She received etoposide, corticosteroids, and cyclosporine for the HLH. She is waiting for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second Tunisian case of secondary HLH complicating lysosomal acid lipase deficiency related to a new homozygous mutation: c.966G>C (p.Gln322His).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hela Boudabbous
- Pediatric Department, La Rabta Hospital, Jbal Lakhdar, Jebbari, University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Maaloul
- Pediatric Department, Hedi CHAKER University Hospital
| | - Rim Ben Abdelaziz
- Pediatric Department, La Rabta Hospital, Jbal Lakhdar, Jebbari, University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Chehida
- Pediatric Department, La Rabta Hospital, Jbal Lakhdar, Jebbari, University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lobna Ayadi
- Department of Anatomopathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Medicine, Sfax
| | | | - Neji Tebib
- Pediatric Department, La Rabta Hospital, Jbal Lakhdar, Jebbari, University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudaouara
- Department of Anatomopathology, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, University of Medicine, Sfax
| | - Soumeya Bekri
- Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
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Martínez R, Bernal C, Álvarez R, Concha C, Araya F, Cabrera R, Dhoke GV, Davari MD. Deletion and Randomization of Structurally Variable Regions in B. subtilis Lipase A (BSLA) Alter Its Stability and Hydrolytic Performance Against Long Chain Fatty Acid Esters. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061990. [PMID: 32183336 PMCID: PMC7139672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous search for novel enzyme backbones and the engineering of already well studied enzymes for biotechnological applications has become an increasing challenge, especially by the increasing potential diversity space provided by directed enzyme evolution approaches and the demands of experimental data generated by rational design of enzymes. In this work, we propose a semi-rational mutational strategy focused on introducing diversity in structurally variable regions in enzymes. The identified sequences are subjected to a progressive deletion of two amino acids and the joining residues are subjected to saturation mutagenesis using NNK degenerate codons. This strategy offers a novel library diversity approach while simultaneously decreasing enzyme size in the variable regions. In this way, we intend to identify and reduce variable regions found in enzymes, probably resulting from neutral drift evolution, and simultaneously studying the functional effect of said regions. This strategy was applied to Bacillus. subtilis lipase A (BSLA), by selecting and deleting six variable enzyme regions (named regions 1 to 6) by the deletion of two amino acids and additionally randomizing the joining amino acid residues. After screening, no active variants were found in libraries 1% and 4%, 15% active variants were found in libraries 2% and 3%, and 25% for libraries 5 and 6 (n = 3000 per library, activity detected using tributyrin agar plates). Active variants were assessed for activity in microtiter plate assay (pNP-butyrate), thermal stability, substrate preference (pNP-butyrate, -palmitate), and compared to wildtype BSLA. From these analyses, variant P5F3 (F41L-ΔW42-ΔD43-K44P), from library 3 was identified, showing increased activity towards longer chain p-nitrophenyl fatty acid esters, when compared to BSLA. This study allowed to propose the targeted region 3 (positions 40-46) as a potential modulator for substrate specificity (fatty acid chain length) in BSLA, which can be further studied to increase its substrate spectrum and selectivity. Additionally, this variant showed a decreased thermal resistance but interestingly, higher isopropanol and Triton X-100 resistance. This deletion-randomization strategy could help to expand and explore sequence diversity, even in already well studied and characterized enzyme backbones such as BSLA. In addition, this strategy can contribute to investigate and identify important non-conserved regions in classic and novel enzymes, as well as generating novel biocatalysts with increased performance in specific processes, such as enzyme immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Martínez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (C.B.); (R.Á.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-51-2334661; Fax: +56-51-2204446
| | - Claudia Bernal
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (C.B.); (R.Á.); (C.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (C.B.); (R.Á.); (C.C.)
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Sede La Serena, Universidad Santo Tomás, La Serena 1710172, Chile
| | - Christopher Concha
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena 1720010, Chile; (C.B.); (R.Á.); (C.C.)
| | - Fernando Araya
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (F.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Ricardo Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile; (F.A.); (R.C.)
| | - Gaurao V. Dhoke
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (G.V.D.); (M.D.D.)
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (G.V.D.); (M.D.D.)
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Calian I, Rusu I, Sabo CM, Ciobanu L. A Rare Image of Liver Steatosis - Acid Lipase Lysosomal Deficiency. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2020; 29:5. [PMID: 32176755 DOI: 10.15403/jgld-888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Calian
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .
| | - Ioana Rusu
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca; Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca; Romania. .
| | - Cristina Maria Sabo
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca; 2nd Medical Department, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Lidia Ciobanu
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca; Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca; Romania.
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Zheng X, Dang H, Lv W, Sun Z, Kuang Y, Cao D, Lu C, Sun X. Molecular characterization and expression patterns of two hormone-sensitive lipase genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:439-450. [PMID: 31786726 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) gene plays an important role in mammals' lipid metabolism. Therefore, its function in fish is capturing increasing attention. In this study, two distinct cDNAs, designated HSL1 and HSL2, are firstly identified from common carp Cyprinus carpio. The full-length cDNA of HSL1 and HSL2 consists of 3379 bp and 2732 bp, encoding polypeptide of 693 and 847 amino acids, respectively, and shares 60.6% amino acid identity. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that HSL1 and HSL2 are derived from paralogous genes, which might have arisen during a teleost-specific genome duplication event. The two HSL mRNAs are differentially expressed, both in terms of distribution among tissues and in terms of abundance during embryogenesis. Moreover, both HSL mRNAs are expressed in various tissues, the highest in abdominal fat. Meanwhile, the two HSLs are detected at all stages of embryonic development, suggesting that they could be functional and involved in embryogenesis. In addition, the results show that the mRNA expression level of HSL2 in the high group of intramuscular fat content is significantly higher than that in the low group (P < 0.01). The research provides basic data for developing a further understanding of the function of HSL as well as molecular regulation mechanism in fat metabolism of common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhu Zheng
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Hongyang Dang
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fishery Germplasm Resource, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Road, Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Weihua Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Youyi Kuang
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Dingchen Cao
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cuiyun Lu
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Freshwater Fish Breeding, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.43 Songfa Street, Daoli District, Harbin, 150070, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Wei C, Wang X, Yao X, Xi F, He Y, Xu Y, Ma L, Chen X, Zhao C, Du R, Pang W, Yang G, Yu TY. Bifenthrin Induces Fat Deposition by Improving Fatty Acid Uptake and Inhibiting Lipolysis in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:14048-14055. [PMID: 31791125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chemical residues in the environment are considered to be important factors that cause obesity. Bifenthrin is one of the pyrethroid pesticides and is widely used worldwide. However, its effect on adipose tissue is ill-defined. Here, we administered bifenthrin/corn oil to adult C57BL/6 mice by gavage. After 6 weeks, the bifenthrin treatment significantly increased their body weight (P = 0.015) and fat mass (P < 0.001). Then we identified 246 differently expressed proteins by proteomic analysis, and they were highly involved in fatty acid uptake and lipid metabolism processes. Interestingly, protein hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triacylglyceride lipase were downregulated while lipoprotein lipase is upregulated after bifenthrin treatment. Similar effects in 3T3-L1 cells treated with bifenthrin validated the in vivo results. Thus, this study suggests that long-term exposure to low-dose bifenthrin induces fat deposition in mice by improving fatty acid uptake and inhibiting lipolysis, and it may cause obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Xiangping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Fengxue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Yulin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Yanting Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Lu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Xiaochang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Renrang Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Weijun Pang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
| | - Tai-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , China
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Sato S, Suzuki J, Hirose M, Yamada M, Zenimaru Y, Nakaya T, Ichikawa M, Imagawa M, Takahashi S, Ikuyama S, Konoshita T, Kraemer FB, Ishizuka T. Cardiac overexpression of perilipin 2 induces atrial steatosis, connexin 43 remodeling, and atrial fibrillation in aged mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E1193-E1204. [PMID: 31661297 PMCID: PMC6957375 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00227.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is prevalent in patients with obesity and diabetes, and such patients often exhibit cardiac steatosis. Since the role of cardiac steatosis per se in the induction of AF has not been elucidated, the present study was designed to explore the relation between cardiac steatosis and AF. Transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of perilipin 2 (PLIN2) were housed in the laboratory for more than 12 mo before the study. Electron microscopy of the atria of PLIN2-Tg mice showed accumulation of small lipid droplets around mitochondrial chains, and five- to ninefold greater atrial triacylglycerol (TAG) content compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Electrocardiography showed significantly longer RR intervals in PLIN2-Tg mice than in WT mice. Transesophageal electrical burst pacing resulted in significantly higher prevalence of sustained (>5 min) AF (69%) in PLIN2-Tg mice than in WT mice (24%), although it was comparable in younger (4-mo-old) mice. Connexin 43 (Cx43), a gap junction protein, was localized at the intercalated disks in WT atria but was heterogeneously distributed on the lateral side of cardiomyocytes in PLIN2-Tg atria. Langendorff-perfused hearts using the optical mapping technique showed slower and heterogeneous impulse propagation in PLIN2-Tg atria compared with WT atria. Cardiac overexpression of hormone-sensitive lipase in PLIN2-Tg mice resulted in atrial TAG depletion and amelioration of AF susceptibility. The results suggest that PLIN2-induced steatosis is associated with Cx43 remodeling, impaired conduction propagation, and higher incidence of AF in aged mice. Therapies targeting cardiac steatosis could be potentially beneficial against AF in patients with obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satsuki Sato
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jinya Suzuki
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masamichi Hirose
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Iwate Medical University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mika Yamada
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yasuo Zenimaru
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nakaya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mai Ichikawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Michiko Imagawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Sadao Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes Medicine, Ageo Central General Hospital, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Medicine, Kagawa Nutrition University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ikuyama
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oita San-ai Medical Center, Oita, Japan
| | - Tadashi Konoshita
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Tamotsu Ishizuka
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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35
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del Angel G, Hutchinson AT, Jain NK, Forbes CD, Reynders J. Large-scale functional LIPA variant characterization to improve birth prevalence estimates of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:2007-2020. [PMID: 31180157 PMCID: PMC6852163 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by LIPA gene mutations that disrupt LAL activity. We performed in vitro functional testing of 149 LIPA variants to increase the understanding of the variant effects on LAL deficiency and to improve disease prevalence estimates. Chosen variants had been reported in literature or population databases. Functional testing was done by plasmid transient transfection and LAL activity assessment. We assembled a set of 165 published LAL deficient patient genotypes to evaluate this assay's effectiveness to recapitulate genotype/phenotype relationships. Rapidly progressive LAL deficient patients showed negligible enzymatic activity (<1%), whereas patients with childhood/adult LAL deficiency typically have 1-7% average activity. We benchmarked six in silico variant effect prediction algorithms with these functional data. PolyPhen-2 was shown to have a superior area under the receiver operating curve performance. We used functional data along with Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) allele frequencies to estimate LAL deficiency birth prevalence, yielding a range of 3.45-5.97 cases per million births in European-ancestry populations. The low estimate only considers functionally assayed variants in gnomAD. The high estimate computes allele frequencies for variants absent in gnomAD, and uses in silico scores for unassayed variants. Prevalence estimates are lower than previously published, underscoring LAL deficiency's rarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo del Angel
- Strategy, Program Management and Data Science DepartmentAlexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.BostonMassachusetts
| | | | - Nina K. Jain
- Research DepartmentAlexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.BostonMassachusetts
| | - Chris D. Forbes
- Research DepartmentAlexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.BostonMassachusetts
| | - John Reynders
- Strategy, Program Management and Data Science DepartmentAlexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.BostonMassachusetts
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Zong J, Li S, Wang Y, Mo W, Sun R, Yu M. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 promotes lipolysis via ERK/HSL signalling pathway in white adipose tissue of mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 281:105-116. [PMID: 31121164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction is prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Uncontrolled free fatty acid (FFA) release from WAT stores has detrimental effects on lipid metabolism, leading to insulin resistance. Bromodomain-containing protein 2 (Brd2) has emerged as a central transcriptional regulator of adipocyte differentiation and pancreatic β-cell bioactivity. A recent study shows that Brd2 overexpression leads to insulin resistance in mice. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects have not been fully elucidated. This study provides the first evidence that adenoviral-mediated Brd2 overexpression in the WAT of mice increases lipolysis-related gene expression in addition to significantly reducing WAT size and promoting plasma FFA release. Brd2 overexpression in adipocytes also inhibits fat synthesis-related gene expression, while activating hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression and ERK-dependent perilipin 1 inhibition as well as promoting glycerol release, which are all involved in lipolysis. Collectively, these results indicate that Brd2 triggers insulin resistance via lipolysis-mediated FFA release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyu Zong
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxiong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Mo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Min Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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37
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Baratta F, Pastori D, Ferro D, Carluccio G, Tozzi G, Angelico F, Violi F, Del Ben M. Reduced lysosomal acid lipase activity: A new marker of liver disease severity across the clinical continuum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4172-4180. [PMID: 31435171 PMCID: PMC6700703 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i30.4172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) plays a key role in intracellular lipid metabolism. Reduced LAL activity promotes increased multi-organ lysosomal cholesterol ester storage, as observed in two recessive autosomal genetic diseases, Wolman disease and Cholesterol ester storage disease. Severe liver steatosis and accelerated liver fibrosis are common features in patients with genetic LAL deficiency. By contrast, few reliable data are available on the modulation of LAL activity in vivo and on the epigenetic and metabolic factors capable of regulating its activity in subjects without homozygous mutations of the Lipase A gene. In the last few years, a less severe and non-genetic reduction of LAL activity was reported in children and adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), suggesting a possible role of LAL reduction in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Patients with NAFLD show a significant, progressive reduction of LAL activity from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis. Among cirrhosis of different etiologies, those with cryptogenic cirrhosis show the most significant reductions of LAL activity. These findings suggest that the modulation of LAL activity may become a possible new therapeutic target for patients with more advanced forms of NAFLD. Moreover, the measurement of LAL activity may represent a possible new marker of disease severity in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Baratta
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carluccio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Giulia Tozzi
- Hepatogastroenterology and Nutrition Unit - Pediatric Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome 00156, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Francesco Violi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome 00155, Italy
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Kasher-Meron M, Youn DY, Zong H, Pessin JE. Lipolysis defect in white adipose tissue and rapid weight regain. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E185-E193. [PMID: 30964706 PMCID: PMC6732460 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00542.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Weight regain after weight loss is a well-described phenomenon in both humans and animal models of obesity. Reduced energy expenditure and increased caloric intake are considered the main drivers of weight regain. We hypothesized that adipose tissue with obesity memory (OM) has a tissue-autonomous lipolytic defect, allowing for increased efficiency of lipid storage. We utilized a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, which was subjected to 60% caloric restriction to achieve lean body weight, followed by a short period of high-fat diet (HFD) rechallenge. Age-matched lean mice fed HFD for the first time were used as the control group. Upon rechallenge with HFD, mice with OM had higher respiratory exchange ratios than lean mice with no OM despite comparable body weight, suggesting higher utilization of glucose over fatty acid oxidation. White adipose tissue explants with OM had comparable lipolytic response after caloric restriction; however, reduced functional lipolytic response to norepinephrine was noted as early as 5 days after rechallenge with HFD and was accompanied by reduction in hormone-sensitive lipase serine phosphorylation. The relative lipolytic defect was associated with increased expression of inflammatory genes and a decrease in adrenergic receptor genes, most notably Adrb3. Taken together, white adipose tissue of lean mice with OM shows increased sensitization to HFD compared with white adipose tissue with no OM, rendering it resistant to catecholamine-induced lipolysis. This relative lipolytic defect is tissue-autonomous and could play a role in the rapid weight regain observed after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kasher-Meron
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Dou Y Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Haihong Zong
- Department of Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jeffery E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Consuelo-Sánchez A, Vázquez-Frias R, Reyes-De La Rosa A, Acosta-Rodríguez-Bueno CP, Ortal-Vite MP, Cebolla JJ. Mutations identified in a cohort of Mexican patients with lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18:646-650. [PMID: 31182375 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the LIPA gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 10 (10q23.31). Up until now, more than 59 mutations have been described and which are the cause of a very wide clinical spectrum. The goal of this study was to identify the mutations present in Mexican pediatric patients with a diagnosis of LAL-D. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out which included all the pediatric patients with LAL-D treated in a tertiary hospital in Mexico from January 2000 to June 2017. RESULTS Sixteen patients with LAL-D were identified with a disease phenotype marked by the accumulation of cholesteryl esters. Eight distinct variants in the LIPA gene sequence were found, four pathogenic variants and four probably pathogenic. In six individuals, the variants were found in the homozygous state and ten were compound heterozygous. The eight variants were inverted, with five found on exon 4 and the others on exons 2, 8 and 10. The variant c.386A>G;p.His129Arg was the most common, being found in six of the 16 individuals (37.5%), making it much more frequent than what had previously been reported in the literature in proportion to the rest of the variants. The mutation known as E8SJM, which has been the mostly frequently found at the international level, was not the most common among this group of Mexican patients. In conclusion, Mexican patients present a different frequency of mutations associated with LAL-D in comparison to European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Consuelo-Sánchez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Vázquez-Frias
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - María P Ortal-Vite
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge J Cebolla
- Group of Haematological and Metabolic Diseases, Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
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40
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Bychkov IO, Kamenets EA, Filatova AY, Skoblov MY, Mikhaylova SV, Strokova TV, Gundobina OS, Zakharova EY. The novel synonymous variant in LIPA gene affects splicing and causes lysosomal acid lipase deficiency. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 127:212-215. [PMID: 31230978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD; MIM#278000) is a continuum of autosomal recessive diseases caused by defects in the gene LIPA and historically divided into two phenotypes: severe infantile-onset form called Wolman disease (WD) and childhood/adult-onset form known as cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). We report a novel synonymous homozygous variant c.600G > A in LIPA of a patient with LALD. Functional analysis of the patient cDNA and minigene assay revealed this variant as the cause of exonic cryptic splice site activation and 63 b.p. deletion in exon 6. To investigate the impact of this in-frame deletion on protein function, we performed 3D modeling of the human lysosomal acid lipase and showed the alteration of highly conservative region in close proximity to protein active site, which may completely eliminate the enzymatic activity. Using transcript specific real-time quantitative PCR method, we evaluated the relative ratio of the patient's wild type transcript isoform which is significantly reduced and correlates with severe childhood-onset variant of LALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Bychkov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moscow, Russia.
| | - E A Kamenets
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Filatova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moscow, Russia
| | - M Yu Skoblov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Mikhaylova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Children's Clinical Hospital of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Strokova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology», Moscow, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Institution «Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University», Moscow, Russia
| | - O S Gundobina
- Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center for Children's Health» of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Yu Zakharova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution «Research Centre for Medical Genetics», Moscow, Russia
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41
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Cappuccio G, Donti TR, Hubert L, Sun Q, Elsea SH. Opening a window on lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: Biochemical, molecular, and epidemiological insights. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:509-518. [PMID: 30684275 PMCID: PMC8564860 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a multi-organ autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in LIPA. We reviewed data from 681 samples (white blood cells [WBC] n = 625, fibroblasts = 30, liver = 4, amniocytes = 13, chorionic villus = 9) received for analysis of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) activity over a 15-year period. LIPA sequencing was performed in 49 patients with reduced (n = 26) or deficient (n = 23) LAL activity. The Exome Aggregation Consortium and Genome Aggregation Database dataset were used for LAL-D prevalence calculations. LAL WBC activity was reduced in 67 patients (10.72%) and deficient in 37 (5.92%). The average of LAL activity ± margin of error (CI 95%) was 19.32 ± 0.86 pmol/min/mg for reduced activity patients and 5.90 ± 1.42 pmol/min/mg for deficient patients. The average age at diagnosis for LAL-D was 23.6 years with several patients older than age 30. The correlation between the age at diagnosis and LAL activity showed a significant moderate direct correlation (Pearson's r = 0.46, P < 0.005). Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations were identified in 9 out of 23 patients with deficient results (detection rate 39.1%). The average LAL activity in molecularly confirmed patients was 4.02 ± 2.02 pmol/min/mg protein, while in molecularly negative patients was 13.886 ± 1.49 pmol/min/mg (P < 0.0001). Twenty-two different mutations were identified including two novel variants (c.309C>A and c.856G>C). A carrier frequency of approximately 1 in 350 was inferred. LAL activity in WBC is a validated tool for LAL-D diagnosis. Higher residual enzymatic activity might result in a milder phenotype leading to diagnosis delay. A cut-off below 12 pmol/min/mg protein might be useful to discriminate patients with LIPA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Taraka R. Donti
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Leroy Hubert
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qin Sun
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sarah H. Elsea
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/blood
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/blood
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/blood
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Apolipoprotein B-100/blood
- Apolipoprotein B-100/genetics
- Apolipoproteins E/blood
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Cholesterol, LDL/blood
- Databases, Genetic
- Gene Expression
- Genomics/methods
- Humans
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/blood
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/pathology
- Lipid Metabolism/genetics
- Lipoproteins/blood
- Lipoproteins/genetics
- Mutation
- Proprotein Convertase 9/blood
- Proprotein Convertase 9/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/blood
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Sterol Esterase/blood
- Sterol Esterase/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Alves
- Unidade de I&D, Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana R Chora
- Unidade de I&D, Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Bourbon
- Unidade de I&D, Grupo de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Prevenção de Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Calderón B, Huerta L, Casado ME, González-Casbas JM, Botella-Carretero JI, Martín-Hidalgo A. Morbid obesity-related changes in the expression of lipid receptors, transporters, and HSL in human sperm. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:777-786. [PMID: 30659447 PMCID: PMC6505031 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01406-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the location and expression of receptors (SR-BI/CLA-1, SR-BII, and LDLr) and transporter (ABCA1) involved in uptake and efflux of cholesterol in human spermatozoa and assess whether obesity alters its location/expression and whether this could be related to infertility. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING None PATIENT(S): Ten controls and 20 obese patients. INTERVENTION(S) Anthropometric parameters. Serum and semen samples were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Spermatozoon concentration, immunolocalization, and protein expression in semen. RESULTS Spermatozoon concentration and motility was decreased in morbidly obese patients. SR-BI/CLA-1, SR-BII, LDLr, and ABCA1 are located in the spermatozoon cell membrane and the localization does not change between obese patients and controls. Control spermatozoa showed high SR-BI expression, and less expression for the rest of the receptors analyzed, indicating that SR-BI/CLA-1 is relevant in human spermatozoon cholesterol uptake/efflux. On the contrary, spermatozoa of obese patients showed less SR-BI/CLA-1 expression than controls, and more intense positive staining for SR-BII, LDLr, and ABCA1. Finally, human sperm expresses the 130- and 82-kDa hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) isoforms. The 130-kDa isoform is expressed in the control sperm, and the expression disappears in the obese patients. CONCLUSION(S) The presence of lipid receptors/transporters and HSL in human spermatozoa suggests their role in the process of maturation/capacitation. The changes in the expression of lipid receptors/transporters and the lack of the 130-kDa HSL isoform in obese patients prevent the hydrolysis of cholesterol esters internalized by these receptors, and favor their accumulation in the cytoplasm of the spermatozoa that could contribute to lipotoxicity and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berniza Calderón
- Instituto Tecnológico Santo Domingo (INTEC), Santo Domingo, República Dominicana
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Huerta
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Emilia Casado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Casbas
- Instituto Europeo de Fertilidad y Unidad de Reproducción Asistida, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, E-28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Botella-Carretero
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Martín-Hidalgo
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry-Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Ctra.ColmenarViejo, Km 9.100, E-28034, Madrid, Spain.
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Kim SH, Kang PA, Han K, Lee SW, Rhee S. Crystal structure of chloramphenicol-metabolizing enzyme EstDL136 from a metagenome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210298. [PMID: 30645605 PMCID: PMC6333409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metagenomes often convey novel biological activities and therefore have gained considerable attention for use in biotechnological applications. Recently, metagenome-derived EstDL136 was found to possess chloramphenicol (Cm)-metabolizing features. Sequence analysis showed EstDL136 to be a member of the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) family with an Asp-His-Ser catalytic triad and a notable substrate specificity. In this study, we determined the crystal structures of EstDL136 and in a complex with Cm. Consistent with the high sequence similarity, the structure of EstDL136 is homologous to that of the HSL family. The active site of EstDL136 is a relatively shallow pocket that could accommodate Cm as a substrate as opposed to the long acyl chain substrates typical of the HSL family. Mutational analyses further suggested that several residues in the vicinity of the active site play roles in the Cm-binding of EstDL136. These results provide structural and functional insights into a metagenome-derived EstDL136.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pyeoung-Ann Kang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keetae Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
- * E-mail: (SR); (SWL)
| | - Sangkee Rhee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SR); (SWL)
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Carter A, Brackley SM, Gao J, Mann JP. The global prevalence and genetic spectrum of lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: A rare condition that mimics NAFLD. J Hepatol 2019; 70:142-150. [PMID: 30315827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an autosomal recessive condition that may present in a mild form (cholesteryl ester storage disease [CESD]), which mimics non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It has been suggested that CESD may affect 1 in 40,000 and is under-diagnosed in NAFLD clinics. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of LAL-D using analysis of genetic variation in LIPA. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were systematically searched for previously reported disease variants and prevalence estimates. Previous prevalence estimates were meta-analysed. Disease variants in LIPA were annotated with allele frequencies from gnomAD and combined with unreported major functional variants found in humans. Pooled ethnicity-specific prevalences for LAL-D and CESD were calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. RESULTS Meta-analysis of existing genetic studies estimated the prevalence of LAL-D as 1 per 160,000 (95% CI 1 per 65,025-761,652) using the allele frequency of c.894G>A in LIPA. A total of 98 previously reported disease variants in LIPA were identified, of which 32/98 were present in gnomAD, giving a prevalence of 1 per 307,482 (95% CI 257,672-366,865). Wolman disease was associated with more loss-of-function variants than CESD. When this was combined with 22 previously unreported major functional variants in LIPA identified in humans, the pooled prevalence of LAL-D was 1 per 177,452 (95% CI 149,467-210,683) with a carrier frequency of 1 per 421. The prevalence is lowest in those of East Asian, South Asian, and Finnish ancestry. CONCLUSION Using 120 disease variants in LIPA, these data can reassure clinicians that LAL-D is an ultra-rare disorder. Given the therapeutic capability of sebelipase alpha, investigation for LAL-D might be included in second-line metabolic screening in NAFLD. LAY SUMMARY Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency (LAL-D) is a rare genetic condition that can cause severe liver disease, but it is difficult to diagnose and sometimes can look like simple fatty liver. It was not clear how common LAL-D was and whether many cases were being missed. To study this, we searched for all genetic mutations that could cause LAL-D, calculated how common those mutations were, and added them up. This let us estimate that LAL-D affects roughly 1 in 175,000 people. We conclude that LAL-D is a very rare condition, but it is treatable so may be included in a 'second-line' of tests for causes of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carter
- Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mark Brackley
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jiali Gao
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Peter Mann
- University of Cambridge, Department of Paediatrics, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Cunha-Silva M, Mazo DFC, Corrêa BR, Lopes TM, Arrelaro RC, Ferreira GL, Rabello MI, Sevá-Pereira T, Escanhoela CAF, Almeida JRS. Lysosomal Acid Lipase Deficiency Leading to Liver Cirrhosis: a Case Report of a Rare Variant Mutation. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18:230-235. [PMID: 31113597 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency is a poorly diagnosed genetic disorder, leading to accumulation of cholesterol esters and triglycerides in the liver, with progression to chronic liver disease, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular complications. Lack of awareness on diagnosis of this condition may hamper specific treatment, which consists on enzymatic replacement. It may prevent the progression of liver disease and its complications. We describe the case of a 53-year-old Brazilian man who was referred to our center due to the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis of unknown etiology. He was asymptomatic and had normal body mass index. He had dyslipidemia, and family history of myocardial infarction and stroke. Abdominal imaging tests showed liver cirrhosis features and the presence of intrahepatic calcifications. Initial investigation of the etiology of the liver disease was not elucidated, but liver biopsy showed microgoticular steatosis and cholesterol esters deposits in Kuppfer cells. The dosage of serum lysosomal acid lipase was undetectable and we found the presence of a rare homozygous mutation in the gene associated with the lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, (allele c.386A > G homozygous p.H129R).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlone Cunha-Silva
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F C Mazo
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine (FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bárbara R Corrêa
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tirzah M Lopes
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Raquel C Arrelaro
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriel L Ferreira
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcello I Rabello
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Sevá-Pereira
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cecilia A F Escanhoela
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jazon R S Almeida
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Draijer LG, Bosch AM, Wiegman A, Sjouke B, Benninga MA, Koot BGP. Screening for lysosomal acid lipase deficiency: A retrospective data mining study and evaluation of screening criteria. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:174-179. [PMID: 30286343 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a lysosomal storage disorder. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening organ failure due to lipid substrates accumulation. However, mild phenotypes of this disorder are increasingly recognized. The aim of this study is to determine the number of missed LAL-D patients in a large pediatric hospital population. METHODS In a retrospective data mining study, the medical files of children, who visited the outpatient clinic at a university hospital between 2000 and 2016, with high plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, were evaluated. Previously developed LAL-D screening criteria, with lipid and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values adjusted for children, were used to analyze which children are suspect for LAL-D. For suspicion of LAL-D, at least 3 out of 5 screening criteria had to be met. Subsequently data on presentation and follow-up were collected to determine if the clinical picture was compatible with LAL-D. RESULTS We identified 2037 children with high LDL-C levels. Of those, 36 children complied with ≥3 screening criteria. Thirty-one of those had an underlying disorder other than LAL-D that explained the abnormalities and, in the 5 remaining children, ALT and lipid levels normalized spontaneously, thus excluding LAL-D. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that retrospective data mining is unlikely to yield a significant number of LAL-D cases in children. The screening algorithm adjusted for children seems useful and accurate in the selection of children for further testing, suggesting it can be applied prospectively, although further validation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G Draijer
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center/Emma Children's Hospital, the Netherlands.
| | - Annet M Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center/Emma Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Wiegman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center/Emma Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Sjouke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Marc A Benninga
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center/Emma Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
| | - Bart G P Koot
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center/Emma Children's Hospital, the Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe the differential diagnosis of an obese 12-year-old boy of Mexican origin who presented with a 6-year history of abnormal lipid profile and elevated liver transaminase levels. METHODS The patient underwent routine clinical testing, an abdominal ultrasound and, ultimately, a liver biopsy. Based on the histologic findings, a serum leukocyte lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) assay and DNA sequencing of the lipase A (LIPA) gene were performed. RESULTS Liver biopsy revealed diffuse microvesicular steatosis with clusters of foamy histiocytes in the lobules and portal areas. Our differential diagnosis included nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; medication-induced hepatotoxicity; glycogenic hepatopathy; medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase or long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency; and lysosomal storage disorders, including Niemann-Pick disease and lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D). Serum LAL activity was absent, and DNA sequencing confirmed homozygous mutation in LIPA. CONCLUSIONS Although it occurs rarely, LAL-D should be considered in the differential diagnosis of microvesicular steatosis for a timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin S Akki
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | - Sun M Chung
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
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González-Félix ML, Gatlin DM, Perez-Velazquez M, Webb K, García-Ortega A, Hume M. Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus growth and expression of bile salt-dependent lipase in response to increasing dietary lipid supplementation. Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:1319-1331. [PMID: 29790089 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sciaenops ocellatus has a long history in aquaculture and many difficulties associated with its commercial culture have been addressed and successfully resolved; nevertheless, further research in lipid nutrition could address more comprehensive questions on the way these nutrients are utilized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate S. ocellatus growth and lipase gene expression in response to increasing dietary lipid supplementation. Four experimental diets were formulated to provide 3, 10, 16, or 23% lipid using menhaden fish oil. Twenty juveniles (mean initial weight 2.3 ± 0.1 g) were stocked per aquaria in a recirculating system; each diet was assigned to three aquaria and fed to fish for 6 weeks. At the end of the study, fish fed 3% of dietary lipid were significantly (P < 0.0001) smaller and showed significantly lower feed efficiency, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, and intraperitoneal fat than fish fed the other diets, but no differences were observed among fish fed 10, 16, or 23% lipid. A straight broken-line regression model for thermal growth coefficient provided an estimated value of 9.4% of dietary lipid as the optimal inclusion level. The bile salt-dependent lipase (BSDL) of red drum was 80.3 kDa. Relative gene expression of BSDL was significantly higher (P = 0.0007) in fish fed 10% lipid, with no differences among the other dietary treatments. Results provided could help monitor the metabolic status of farmed fish and contribute to optimize diet formulations based on maximum gene expression of BSDL for supplementation of dietary lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra L González-Félix
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Edificio 7-G, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, e/Sahuaripa y Reforma, Col. Centro, C.P, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Delbert M Gatlin
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Martin Perez-Velazquez
- Department of Scientific and Technological Research, University of Sonora, Edificio 7-G, Blvd. Luis Donaldo Colosio s/n, e/Sahuaripa y Reforma, Col. Centro, C.P, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Ken Webb
- Fisheries and Mariculture Laboratory, Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Armando García-Ortega
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA
| | - Michael Hume
- USDA, Food and Feed Safety Unit, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
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Reynolds TM, Mewies C, Hamilton J, Wierzbicki AS. Identification of rare diseases by screening a population selected on the basis of routine pathology results-the PATHFINDER project: lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester storage disease substudy. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:608-613. [PMID: 29358478 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2017-204727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of cholesterol ester storage associated with hepatic disease, cirrhosis and accelerated atherosclerosis. Its prevalence in the general population, patients with dyslipidaemia and raised transaminases is unclear. This study attempted to identify the prevalence of LALD from patients with abnormal results in laboratory databases. METHODS Electronic laboratory databases were interrogated to identify from clinical biochemistry records patients with a phenotype of low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (≤0.85 mmol/L; 33 mg/dL) and with elevated alanine or aspartate transaminases (≥60 IU/L) on one occasion or more over a 3-year time interval. Patients were recalled, and a dried blood spot sample was collected for lysosomal acid lipase determination by a fluorimetric enzyme assay. Histopathology databases of liver biopsies were interrogated for patients with features of 'microvesicular cirrhosis' or 'cryptogenic cirrhosis' in the report. Histological blocks were sampled, and samples were analysed by next-generation sequencing for the presence of mutations in the LAL gene. RESULTS Samples were obtained from 1825 patients with dyslipidaemia and elevated transaminases. No cases of LALD were identified. Liver biopsies were obtained from six patients. DNA extraction was successful from four patients. Two patients were homozygous for the LAL c.46A>C;p.Thr16Pro unclassified variant in exon 2. CONCLUSIONS Pathology databases hold routine information that can be used to identify patients with specific patterns of results or those who had biopsies to allow targeted testing for possible causes of disease. Biochemical screening suggests that the gene frequency of LAL deficiency in adults is less than 1 in 100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Reynolds
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Queen's Hospital, Burton, UK
- Division of Health Sciences, Wolverhampton University, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Clare Mewies
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Queen's Hospital, Burton, UK
| | - John Hamilton
- Biochemistry Department, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Laboratory, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony S Wierzbicki
- Department of Metabolic Medicine/Chemical Pathology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
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