1
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction has been linked to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Impaired calcium homeostasis is associated with altered adipose tissue metabolism; however, the molecular mechanisms that link disrupted calcium signaling to metabolic regulation are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the contribution of a calcium-sensing enzyme, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CAMK2), to adipocyte function, obesity-associated insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. METHODS To determine the impact of adipocyte CAMK2 deficiency on metabolic regulation, we generated a conditional knockout mouse model and acutely deleted CAMK2 in mature adipocytes. We further used in vitro differentiated adipocytes to dissect the mechanisms by which CAMK2 regulates adipocyte function. RESULTS CAMK2 activity was increased in obese adipose tissue, and depletion of adipocyte CAMK2 in adult mice improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance without an effect on body weight. Mechanistically, we found that activation of CAMK2 disrupted adipocyte insulin signaling and lowered the amount of insulin receptor. Further, our results revealed that CAMK2 contributed to adipocyte lipolysis, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results identify a new link between adipocyte CAMK2 activity, metabolic regulation, and whole-body glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Dai
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mayank Choubey
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sonal Patel
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Lale Ozcan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van Regemorter E, Joris V, Van Regemorter V, Marique L, Behets C, Lengelé B, Boschi A, Baldeschi L, Daumerie C, Many MC, Craps J. Downregulation of Caveolin-1 and Upregulation of Deiodinase 3, Associated with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Increase, Are Involved in the Oxidative Stress of Graves' Orbital Adipocytes. Thyroid 2021; 31:627-637. [PMID: 32977740 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Even though the clinical features of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) are well known, its exact pathogenesis remains controversial. The imbalance of redox homeostasis in the connective tissue could play a crucial role leading to an inflammatory state and edema of soft orbital tissues, thus contributing to orbital hypoxia and increase in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. This oxidative stress appears to target the orbital cells such as fibroblasts and also adipocytes. This study aims to explore which pathways can lead to the aforementioned oxidative stress in GO adipose cells and therefore offers new plausible therapeutic targets. Methods: Orbital fat samples were obtained from patients with GO (Western blot [WB]: n = 8, immunohistochemistry [IHC]: n = 8) and from control patients (WB: n = 5, IHC: n = 3-5). They were processed for WB analysis and IHC of the antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase 1) and for HIF-1α. The expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and deiodinase 3 (DIO3), known to be regulated by HIF-1α, was also analyzed by WB and IHC, as well as the targets of Cav-1: glucose transporter type 4 (Glut-4), NADPH oxidase (NOX)-2, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Triiodothyronine (T3) expression was also analyzed by IHC. Results: In GO adipocytes, the expression of catalase was reduced, whereas that of HIF-1α was strongly increased. A decreased local T3 supply was associated with DIO3 upregulation. The low expression of Cav-1 in GO adipocytes was associated not only with low expression of Glut-4 but also with an increased expression of NOX-2 and active eNOS phosphorylated on serine 1177. Conclusions: Cav-1 and DIO3, both sensitive to hypoxia and to the increase of HIF-1α, play a pivotal role in the oxidative stress in GO adipocytes. DIO3 regulates the cellular supply of T3, which is essential for the cell homeostasis. Cav-1 determines the cellular glucose supply through Glut-4 and regulates the activity of NOX-2 generating superoxide anions and that of eNOS generating nitric oxide (NO).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Van Regemorter
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Joris
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victoria Van Regemorter
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lancelot Marique
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Behets
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Lengelé
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Boschi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lelio Baldeschi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Daumerie
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Christine Many
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Craps
- Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahn SH, Lee HJ, Pyun DH, Kim TJ, Abd El-Aty AM, Song JH, Shin YK, Jeong JH, Park ES, Jung TW. Capmatinib attenuates lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:30-36. [PMID: 33756343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there is a rapid increase in the incidence of obesity, a condition for which there are no effective therapeutic agents. Capmatinib (CAP), a novel mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition inhibitor, is reported to attenuate pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of CAP on lipogenesis in the adipocytes were examined. Treatment with CAP dose-dependently suppressed lipid accumulation in, and differentiation of, and increased lipolysis in, 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, CAP treatment augmented adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and FNDC5 expression in the adipocytes. Transfection with si-AMPK or si-FNDC5 mitigated the CAP-induced suppression of lipogenesis and enhanced lipolysis. Furthermore, transfection with si-FNDC5 mitigated the CAP-induced phosphorylation of AMPK. These results suggest that the anti-obesity effect of CAP is mediated through the irisin/AMPK pathway and that CAP is a novel therapeutic agent for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Pyun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eon Sub Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pajed L, Taschler U, Tilp A, Hofer P, Kotzbeck P, Kolleritsch S, Radner FPW, Pototschnig I, Wagner C, Schratter M, Eder S, Huetter S, Schreiber R, Haemmerle G, Eichmann TO, Schweiger M, Hoefler G, Kershaw EE, Lass A, Schoiswohl G. Advanced lipodystrophy reverses fatty liver in mice lacking adipocyte hormone-sensitive lipase. Commun Biol 2021; 4:323. [PMID: 33692445 PMCID: PMC7946939 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of adipocyte lipolysis represents an attractive approach to treat metabolic diseases. Lipolysis mainly depends on two enzymes: adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Here, we investigated the short- and long-term impact of adipocyte HSL on energy homeostasis using adipocyte-specific HSL knockout (AHKO) mice. AHKO mice fed high-fat-diet (HFD) progressively developed lipodystrophy accompanied by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. The increased hepatic triglyceride deposition was due to induced de novo lipogenesis driven by increased fatty acid release from adipose tissue during refeeding related to defective insulin signaling in adipose tissue. Remarkably, the fatty liver of HFD-fed AHKO mice reversed with advanced age. The reversal of fatty liver coincided with a pronounced lipodystrophic phenotype leading to blunted lipolytic activity in adipose tissue. Overall, we demonstrate that impaired adipocyte HSL-mediated lipolysis affects systemic energy homeostasis in AHKO mice, whereby with older age, these mice reverse their fatty liver despite advanced lipodystrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrike Taschler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Tilp
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Franz P W Radner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Carina Wagner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sandra Eder
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Huetter
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Guenter Haemmerle
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic & Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Orr AN, Thompson JM, Lyttle JM, Watts SW. Transglutaminases Are Active in Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052649. [PMID: 33808023 PMCID: PMC7961980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGs) are crosslinking enzymes best known for their vascular remodeling in hypertension. They require calcium to form an isopeptide bond, connecting a glutamine to a protein bound lysine residue or a free amine donor such as norepinephrine (NE) or serotonin (5-HT). We discovered that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contains significant amounts of these amines, making PVAT an ideal model to test interactions of amines and TGs. We hypothesized that transglutaminases are active in PVAT. Real time RT-PCR determined that Sprague Dawley rat aortic, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and mesenteric resistance vessel (MR) PVATs express TG2 and blood coagulation Factor-XIII (FXIII) mRNA. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analyses support that these PVATs all express TG2 and FXIII protein. The activity of TG2 and FXIII was investigated in tissue sections using substrate peptides that label active TGs when in a catalyzing calcium solution. Both TG2 and FXIII were active in rat aortic PVAT, SMAPVAT, and MRPVAT. Western blot analysis determined that the known TG inhibitor cystamine reduced incorporation of experimentally added amine donor 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine (BAP) into MRPVAT. Finally, experimentally added NE competitively inhibited incorporation of BAP into MRPVAT adipocytes. Further studies to determine the identity of amidated proteins will give insight into how these enzymes contribute to functions of PVAT and, ultimately, blood pressure.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key intracellular energy sensor and regulates processes associated with energy metabolism. In the present study, effects of AICAR, a pharmacological activator of AMPK, on metabolism of adipocytes of non-fasted and 12-h fasted rats were compared. It was shown that in fat cells of control rats, epinephrine- and dibutyryl-cAMP-induced lipolysis was markedly reduced in the presence of AICAR. However, in adipocytes of fasted animals, the lipolytic response was not significantly affected by AICAR. Moreover, in cells of control rats, the inhibitory effect of insulin on epinephrine-induced lipolysis was markedly deepened in the presence of AICAR. However, this effect was not shown in fat cells of fasted rats. This indicates that pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR influences metabolism of adipocytes of non-fasted rats, however, AICAR fails to affect metabolism of these cells under conditions of fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Szkudelski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szkudelska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma O, Le T, Talbott G, HoangThao Nguyen T, Ha D, Ho L. Sirt3 regulates adipogenesis and adipokine secretion via its enzymatic activity. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00670. [PMID: 33191653 PMCID: PMC7667394 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify if Sirt3 plays a role in marrow adipogenesis and adipokines secretion, especially adiponectin using bone marrow-derived stroma (ST2) cell model. Sirt3 overexpression leads to a significant increase in adipogenesis compared to controls. The induction of adipogenesis by Sirt3 is associated with increased gene expression of adipocyte markers as well as adiponectin/adipokines. In sharp contrast, the inhibition of Sirt3 exhibited significantly decreased adipogenesis, adipocyte markers, and adiponectin/adipokines compared to the controls. Interestingly, perilipin 1 (Plin 1) expression was decreased in Sirt3 induction but increased in Sirt3 inhibition. One hundred and fifteen mitochondrial acetylated peptides from 67 mitochondrial proteins had lower levels of acetylation in adipocytes induced by Sirt3 overexpression (Sirt3OE) compared to the control. Of the 67 proteins less enriched in acetylation, 22 acetylated proteins were decreased by more than twofold. These proteins are considered potential Sirt3 substrates in adipogenesis. In conclusion, Sirt3 has a novel, important role in modulating adipogenesis and adiponectin/adipokine expression. The connection axis among Sirt3-adipogenesis-adipokines was linked to its substrates by mass spectrometry analysis. These findings contribute to the efforts of revealing Sirt3 functions and Sirt3 usage as a potential target for treatment of metabolic homeostasis and diseases including type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oanh Ma
- California Northstate University College of PharmacyElk GroveCAUSA
| | - Truc Le
- California Northstate University College of PharmacyElk GroveCAUSA
| | - George Talbott
- California Northstate University College of PharmacyElk GroveCAUSA
| | | | - Dorothy Ha
- California Northstate University College of PharmacyElk GroveCAUSA
| | - Linh Ho
- California Northstate University College of PharmacyElk GroveCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Song C, Wang N, Li S, Liu Q, Sun Z, Wang K, Yu SC, Yang Q. NADP modulates RNA m 6A methylation and adipogenesis via enhancing FTO activity. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1394-1402. [PMID: 32719557 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is often regulated by the transcription and translation of RNA. In turn, it is likely that some metabolites regulate enzymes controlling reversible RNA modification, such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), to modulate RNA. This hypothesis is at least partially supported by the findings that multiple metabolic diseases are highly associated with fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), an m6A demethylase. However, knowledge about whether and which metabolites directly regulate m6A remains elusive. Here, we show that NADP directly binds FTO, independently increases FTO activity, and promotes RNA m6A demethylation and adipogenesis. We screened a set of metabolites using a fluorescence quenching assay and NADP was identified to remarkably bind FTO. In vitro demethylation assays indicated that NADP enhances FTO activity. Furthermore, NADP regulated mRNA m6A via FTO in vivo, and deletion of FTO blocked NADP-enhanced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results build a direct link between metabolism and RNA m6A demethylation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/metabolism
- Adipocytes/cytology
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/enzymology
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase/antagonists & inhibitors
- AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase/genetics
- AlkB Homolog 5, RNA Demethylase/metabolism
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/metabolism
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Demethylation
- Enzyme Assays
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation
- HEK293 Cells
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Methyltransferases/genetics
- Methyltransferases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Molecular
- NADP/metabolism
- NADP/pharmacology
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chengli Song
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiaoling Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Qingkai Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ceccarelli V, Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Bertoccini L, Chiappetta C, Capoccia D, Carletti R, Di Cristofano C, Silecchia G, Fontana M, Leonetti F, Lenzi A, Baroni MG, Barone E, Cavallo MG. Reduced Biliverdin Reductase-A Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue is Associated with Adipocyte Dysfunction and NAFLD in Human Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239091. [PMID: 33260451 PMCID: PMC7730815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase A (BVR-A) is an enzyme involved in the regulation of insulin signalling. Knockout (KO) mice for hepatic BVR-A, on a high-fat diet, develop more severe glucose impairment and hepato-steatosis than the wild type, whereas loss of adipocyte BVR-A is associated with increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and adipocyte size. However, BVR-A expression in human VAT has not been investigated. We evaluated BVR-A mRNA expression levels by real-time PCR in the intra-operative omental biopsy of 38 obese subjects and investigated the association with metabolic impairment, VAT dysfunction, and biopsy-proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Individuals with lower VAT BVR-A mRNA levels had significantly greater VAT IL-8 and Caspase 3 expression than those with higher BVR-A. Lower VAT BVR-A mRNA levels were associated with an increased adipocytes’ size. An association between lower VAT BVR-A expression and higher plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was also observed. Reduced VAT BVR-A was associated with NAFLD with an odds ratio of 1.38 (95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.9; χ2 test) and with AUROC = 0.89 (p = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.76–1.0). In conclusion, reduced BVR-A expression in omental adipose tissue is associated with VAT dysfunction and NAFLD, suggesting a possible involvement of BVR-A in the regulation of VAT homeostasis in presence of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ceccarelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Bio-Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (C.C.); (D.C.); (R.C.); (C.D.C.); (G.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
| | - Marco Giorgio Baroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences (MeSVA), University of L’Aquila, 67100 Coppito, Italy;
- Neuroendocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli” Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (M.G.C.); Tel.: +39-(0)6-4997-4692 (M.G.C.)
| | - Maria Gisella Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (I.B.); (F.A.C.); (L.B.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (M.G.C.); Tel.: +39-(0)6-4997-4692 (M.G.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bedi O, Aggarwal S, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G, Grewal AS, Krishan P. In vitro targeted screening and molecular docking of stilbene, quinones, and flavonoid on 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes for anti-adipogenic actions. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 393:2093-2106. [PMID: 32588069 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In metabolic disorders like obesity, NAFLD and T2DM, adipocytes are dysfunctional. Hence, pharmacological interventions have importance in preventing differentiation of adipocytes and stimulating lipid uptake. We, therefore, investigated the effects of arbutin (ARB), purpurin (PUR), quercetin (QR), and pterostilbene (PTS) on adipocyte differentiation and lipid uptake using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Further, in silico docking studies were achieved to investigate interactions of ARB, PUR, QR, and PTS with beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) and thioesterase (TE) domains of fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzyme. Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to investigate the anti-adipogenic effect of selected pharmacological agents by Oil Red O staining and in vitro fatty acid uptake analysis. Molecular docking studies were performed to predict the binding interactions of selected compounds with KR and TE domains of FAS enzyme. All these agents significantly decrease the adipocyte differentiation and showed the stimulatory effect on fatty acid uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. However, PTS and PUR proved to be anti-adipogenic, whereas ARB and QR showed significant effect on fatty acid uptake, compared to others. Similarly, all the compounds displayed significant binding interactions with KR and TE domains of FAS enzyme, supporting the results of in vitro studies. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Savera Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Pawan Krishan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kopietz F, Rupar K, Berggreen C, Säll J, Vertommen D, Degerman E, Rider MH, Göransson O. Inhibition of AMPK activity in response to insulin in adipocytes: involvement of AMPK pS485, PDEs, and cellular energy levels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E459-E471. [PMID: 32663099 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00065.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes has been shown to be associated with decreased de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis in adipose tissue. It is known that insulin can acutely stimulate FA synthesis in adipocytes; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The rate-limiting step in FA synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), known to be regulated through inhibitory phosphorylation at S79 by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Previous results from our laboratory showed an inhibition of AMPK activity by insulin, which was accompanied by PKB-dependent phosphorylation of AMPK at S485. However, whether the S485 phosphorylation is required for insulin-induced inhibition of AMPK or other mechanisms underlie the reduced kinase activity is not known. To investigate this, primary rat adipocytes were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding AMPK-WT or a nonphosphorylatable AMPK S485A mutant. AMPK activity measurements by Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that WT and S485A AMPK were inhibited to a similar degree by insulin, indicating that AMPK S485 phosphorylation is not required for insulin-induced AMPK inhibition. Further analysis suggested an involvement of decreased AMP-to-ATP ratios in the insulin-induced inhibition of AMPK activity, whereas a possible contribution of phosphodiesterases was excluded. Furthermore, we show that insulin-induced AMPK S485 phosphorylation also occurs in human adipocytes, suggesting it to be of an importance yet to be revealed. Altogether, this study increases our understanding of how insulin regulates AMPK activity, and with that, FA synthesis, in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaja Rupar
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Johanna Säll
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Didier Vertommen
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eva Degerman
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Mark H Rider
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee S, Beon J, Kim MG, Kim S. Inositol polyphosphate multikinase in adipocytes is dispensable for regulating energy metabolism and whole body metabolic homeostasis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E401-E409. [PMID: 32634320 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole body energy and glucose homeostasis at both organ and systemic levels. Inositol polyphosphates, such as 5-diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate, reportedly control adipocyte functions and energy expenditure. However, the physiological roles of the inositol polyphosphate (IP) pathway in the adipose tissue are not yet fully defined. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), a key enzyme in the IP metabolism, plays a critical role in adipose tissue biology and obesity. We generated adipocyte-specific IPMK knockout (Ipmk AKO) mice and evaluated metabolic phenotypes by measuring fat accumulation, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity in adult mice fed either a regular-chow diet or high-fat diet (HFD). Despite substantial reduction of IPMK, Ipmk AKO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and did not show changes in fat accumulation in response to HFD-feeding. In addition, loss of IPMK had no major impact on thermogenic processes in response to cold exposure. Collectively, these findings suggest that adipocyte IPMK is dispensable for normal adipose tissue and its physiological functions in whole body metabolism, suggesting the complex roles that inositol polyphosphate metabolism has in the regulation of adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seulgi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jiyoon Beon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Min-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Beidokhti MN, Eid HM, Villavicencio MLS, Jäger AK, Lobbens ES, Rasoanaivo PR, McNair LM, Haddad PS, Staerk D. Evaluation of the antidiabetic potential of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) using assays for α-glucosidase, α-amylase, muscle glucose uptake, liver glucose production, and triglyceride accumulation in adipocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 257:112877. [PMID: 32305639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) leaves are used as an herbal antidiabetic remedy in several parts of the world. On Madagascar, both the bark and leaves are used for treatment of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dilution series of ethanolic extracts of P. guajava leaves and bark were used for determining inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase and porcine α-amylase. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake was measured using 2-deoxy-D-(1-3H)-glucose in murine C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells and triglyceride accumulation in murine 3T3-L1 adipocyte-like cells were assessed using Wako AutoKit Glucose assays and AdipoRed reagent, respectively. Cells were incubated for 18 h with the maximal non-toxic concentrations of the plant extracts determined by the lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS Ethanolic extracts of P. guajava leaf and bark inhibited α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 1.0 ± 0.3 and 0.5 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively. In the α-amylase inhibition assay, the ethanolic extract of bark of P. guajava showed an IC50 value of 10.6 ± 0.4 μg/mL. None of the extracts were able to reduce glucose-6-phosphatase activity in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. In contrast, P. guajava leaf extract significantly increased 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H]-glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells (161.4 ± 10.1%, p = 0.0015) in comparison to the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle control, as did the reference compounds metformin (144.0 ± 7.7%, p = 0.0345) and insulin (141.5 ± 13.8%, p = 0.0495). Furthermore, P. guajava leaf and bark extracts, as well as the reference compound rosiglitazone, significantly enhanced triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells (252.6 ± 14.2%, p < 0.0001, 211.1 ± 12.7%, p < 0.0001, and 201.1 ± 9.2%, p < 0.0001, respectively) to levels higher than the DMSO vehicle control. Moreover, P. guajava leaf extract significantly enhanced the triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells compared to rosiglitazone. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that P. guajava leaf and bark extracts can be used as a natural source of α-glucosidase inhibitors. In addition, the bark extract of P. guajava was an effective α-amylase inhibitor. Moreover, P. guajava leaf extract improved glucose uptake in muscle cells, while both leaf and bark extracts enhanced the triglyceride content in adipocytes in culture. P. guajava leaf and bark extracts may thus hypothetically have future applications in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh N Beidokhti
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Presently: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Hoda M Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pharmacognosy, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mayra L S Villavicencio
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Anna K Jäger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Eva S Lobbens
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Philippe R Rasoanaivo
- Institut Malgache de Recherches Appliques, Fondation Rakoto Ratsimamanga, Avarabohitra Itaosy, lot AVB 77, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Laura M McNair
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pierre S Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu L, Wang Y, Liang X, Wu X, Liu J, Yang S, Tao C, Zhang J, Tian J, Zhao J, Wang Y. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase is Essential for Porcine Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072446. [PMID: 32244800 PMCID: PMC7177282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition, which influences pork production, meat quality and growth efficiency, is an economically important trait in pigs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, is associated with fatty acid composition in pigs. As SCD was observed to be significantly induced in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation, we hypothesized that it plays a role in porcine adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition. In this study, we revealed that SCD is highly expressed in adipose tissues from seven-day-old piglets, compared to its expression in tissues from four-month-old adult pigs. Moreover, we found that SCD and lipogenesis-related genes were induced significantly in differentiated porcine adipocytes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated SCD-/- porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) and found that the loss of SCD led to dramatically decreased transdifferentiation efficiency, as evidenced by the decreased expression of known lipid synthesis-related genes, lower levels of oil red O staining and significantly lower levels of triglyceride content. Our study demonstrates the critical role of SCD expression in porcine adipocyte differentiation and paves the way for identifying it as the promising candidate gene for less fat deposition in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Tao
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Beaumatin F, O'Prey J, Barthet VJA, Zunino B, Parvy JP, Bachmann AM, O'Prey M, Kania E, Gonzalez PS, Macintosh R, Lao LY, Nixon C, Lopez J, Long JS, Tait SWG, Ryan KM. mTORC1 Activation Requires DRAM-1 by Facilitating Lysosomal Amino Acid Efflux. Mol Cell 2019; 76:163-176.e8. [PMID: 31492633 PMCID: PMC6892261 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensing nutrient availability is essential for appropriate cellular growth, and mTORC1 is a major regulator of this process. Mechanisms causing mTORC1 activation are, however, complex and diverse. We report here an additional important step in the activation of mTORC1, which regulates the efflux of amino acids from lysosomes into the cytoplasm. This process requires DRAM-1, which binds the membrane carrier protein SCAMP3 and the amino acid transporters SLC1A5 and LAT1, directing them to lysosomes and permitting efficient mTORC1 activation. Consequently, we show that loss of DRAM-1 also impacts pathways regulated by mTORC1, including insulin signaling, glycemic balance, and adipocyte differentiation. Interestingly, although DRAM-1 can promote autophagy, this effect on mTORC1 is autophagy independent, and autophagy only becomes important for mTORC1 activation when DRAM-1 is deleted. These findings provide important insights into mTORC1 activation and highlight the importance of DRAM-1 in growth control, metabolic homeostasis, and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beaumatin
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jim O'Prey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Valentin J A Barthet
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Barbara Zunino
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Parvy
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | | | - Margaret O'Prey
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Elżbieta Kania
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Pablo Sierra Gonzalez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Robin Macintosh
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Laurence Y Lao
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Jaclyn S Long
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim KD, Jung HY, Ryu HG, Kim B, Jeon J, Yoo HY, Park CH, Choi BH, Hyun CK, Kim KT, Fang S, Yang SH, Kim JB. Betulinic acid inhibits high-fat diet-induced obesity and improves energy balance by activating AMPK. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:409-420. [PMID: 30799179 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metabolic syndromes are prevalent worldwide and result in various complications including obesity, cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes. Betulinic acid (BA) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid that has anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that treatment with BA may result in decreased body weight gain, adiposity and hepatic steatosis in a diet-induced mouse model of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Mice fed a high-fat diet and treated with BA showed less weight gain and tissue adiposity without any change in calorie intake. Gene expression profiling of mouse tissues and cell lines revealed that BA treatment increased expression of lipid oxidative genes and decreased that of lipogenesis-related genes. This modulation was mediated by increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, which facilitates energy expenditure, lipid oxidation and thermogenic capacity and exerts protective effects against obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Overall, BA markedly inhibited the development of obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-fat diet, and AMPK activation in various tissues and enhanced thermogenesis are two possible mechanisms underlying the antiobesity and antisteatogenic effects of BA. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that treatment with BA is a potential dietary strategy for preventing obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K-D Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - H-Y Jung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea; R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - H G Ryu
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - B Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea; R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - J Jeon
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea; R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - H Y Yoo
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - C H Park
- Mistle Biotech Co., Ltd., Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - B-H Choi
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - C-K Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - K-T Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea; Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - S Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul National University Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-B Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea; Mistle Biotech Co., Ltd., Pohang, Gyungbuk, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cao H, Sethumadhavan K, Li K, Boue SM, Anderson RA. Cinnamon Polyphenol Extract and Insulin Regulate Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Gene Expression in Mouse Adipocytes and Macrophages. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2019; 74:115-121. [PMID: 30637573 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamon polyphenol extract (CPE) improves people with insulin resistance. The objective was to investigate CPE and insulin on diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) gene expression important for lipid biosynthesis and compared it to anti-inflammatory tristetraprolin/zinc finger protein 36 (TTP/ZFP36) gene expression known to be regulated by both agents. Mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes and RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with insulin and CPE followed by qPCR evaluation of DGAT and TTP mRNA levels. Insulin decreased DGAT1 and DGAT2 mRNA levels in adipocytes but had no effect on DGAT1 and increased DGAT2 mRNA levels 3-fold in macrophages. Insulin increased TTP mRNA levels 3-fold in adipocytes but had no effect in macrophages. CPE effect on DGAT1 gene expression was minimal but increased DGAT2 mRNA levels 2-4 fold in adipocytes and macrophages. CPE increased TTP mRNA levels 2-7 fold in adipocytes and macrophages. We conclude that CPE and insulin exhibited overlapping and independent effects on DGAT and TTP gene expression and suggest that CPE and insulin have profound effects on fat biosynthesis and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Cao
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
| | - Kandan Sethumadhavan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Stephen M Boue
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Arif A, Jia J, Willard B, Li X, Fox PL. Multisite Phosphorylation of S6K1 Directs a Kinase Phospho-code that Determines Substrate Selection. Mol Cell 2019; 73:446-457.e6. [PMID: 30612880 PMCID: PMC6415305 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multisite phosphorylation of kinases can induce on-off or graded regulation of catalytic activity; however, its influence on substrate specificity remains unclear. Here, we show that multisite phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) alters target selection. Agonist-inducible phosphorylation of glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthetase (EPRS) by S6K1 in monocytes and adipocytes requires not only canonical phosphorylation at Thr389 by mTORC1 but also phosphorylation at Ser424 and Ser429 in the C terminus by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). S6K1 phosphorylation at these additional sites induces a conformational switch and is essential for high-affinity binding and phosphorylation of EPRS, but not canonical S6K1 targets, e.g., ribosomal protein S6. Unbiased proteomic analysis identified additional targets phosphorylated by multisite phosphorylated S6K1 in insulin-stimulated adipocytes-namely, coenzyme A synthase, lipocalin 2, and cortactin. Thus, embedded within S6K1 is a target-selective kinase phospho-code that integrates signals from mTORC1 and Cdk5 to direct an insulin-stimulated, post-translational metabolon determining adipocyte lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abul Arif
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Lerner Research Institute Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Hu J, Hamzah SS, Ge S, Lin Y, Zheng B, Zeng S, Lin S. n-Butanol Extract of Lotus Seeds Exerts Antiobesity Effects in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice via Activating Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:1092-1103. [PMID: 30621393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antiobesity effects of n-butanol extract of lotus seeds (LBE) were evaluated in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. LBE decreased lipid contents in mature 3T3-L1 cells without obvious cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, LBE supplementation also led to weight loss and improved plasma lipid profiles in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, LBE could activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) accompanied by down-regulation of lipogenesis related genes (PPARγ, aP2, LPL, C/EBPα, FAS, SREBP-1c) and up-regulation of lipolysis genes (adiponectin and PPARα) in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data demonstrated LBE possesses antiadipogenic and antilipogenic activities which are, at least partially, mediated by the activation of AMPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Siti Sarah Hamzah
- Institute for Medical Research , Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Shenghan Ge
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Yilin Lin
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang H, Ralle M, Wolfgang MJ, Dhawan N, Burkhead JL, Rodriguez S, Kaplan JH, Wong GW, Haughey N, Lutsenko S. Copper-dependent amino oxidase 3 governs selection of metabolic fuels in adipocytes. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2006519. [PMID: 30199530 PMCID: PMC6130853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) has emerged as an important modifier of body lipid metabolism. However, how Cu contributes to the physiology of fat cells remains largely unknown. We found that adipocytes require Cu to establish a balance between main metabolic fuels. Differentiating adipocytes increase their Cu uptake along with the ATP7A-dependent transport of Cu into the secretory pathway to activate a highly up-regulated amino-oxidase copper-containing 3 (AOC3)/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO); in vivo, the activity of SSAO depends on the organism's Cu status. Activated SSAO oppositely regulates uptake of glucose and long-chain fatty acids and remodels the cellular proteome to coordinate changes in fuel availability and related downstream processes, such as glycolysis, de novo lipogenesis, and sphingomyelin/ceramide synthesis. The loss of SSAO-dependent regulation due to Cu deficiency, limited Cu transport to the secretory pathway, or SSAO inactivation shifts metabolism towards lipid-dependent pathways and results in adipocyte hypertrophy and fat accumulation. The results establish a role for Cu homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism and identify SSAO as a regulator of energy utilization processes in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haojun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martina Ralle
- Department of Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Wolfgang
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Neha Dhawan
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason L. Burkhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack H. Kaplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman Haughey
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu H, Wang J, Liu M, Zhao H, Yaqoob S, Zheng M, Cai D, Liu J. Antiobesity Effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice Mediated by AMPK. Nutrients 2018; 10:E830. [PMID: 29954059 PMCID: PMC6073290 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides Rg1 is one of the major pharmacologically active saponins in ginseng, which as an antioxidant reduces oxidative damage in the liver and can also be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. However, there is no research targeting the effect of lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Rg1 in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells and HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. Administration of Rg1 to HFD-induced obese mice significantly decreased body weight, total cholesterol, and total triglyceride levels. In addition to effects in 3T3-L1 cells, Rg1 reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Rg1 exhibits an anti-adipogenic effect via regulation of the expression of the transcriptional factors and lipid metabolism-related genes in vivo and in vitro. We observed that Rg1 administration significantly increased the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in both epididymal white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicated that Rg1 works both in an anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity manner through inducing AMPK activation, inhibiting lipogenesis, and decreasing intracellular lipid content, adipocyte size, and adipose weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Liu
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Meihong Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Chinese Medicine Science Academy of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Sanabil Yaqoob
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Dan Cai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chirambo G, van Niekerk C, Crowther NJ. Specific knock-down of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels inhibits intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells. Int J Exp Pathol 2017; 98:260-268. [PMID: 28925080 PMCID: PMC5743820 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of non-specific inhibitors of tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) in pre-adipocytes blocks intracellular lipid accumulation. TNSALP is also expressed in hepatocytes, which are known to accumulate lipid in a similar manner to pre-adipocytes. The purpose of this study was to use specific silencing of TNSALP mRNA, using short interfering (si) RNA, to investigate the role of TNSALP in intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 and HepG2 cells. Cellular activity of TNSALP was measured using an automated colorimetric assay, and intracellular lipid accumulation was determined using the lipid-specific dye, Oil Red O. Cells were transfected with siRNA directed against TNSALP mRNA, and expression of the TNSALP gene was determined at selected time points postinduction of lipid droplet formation. Expression of the TNSALP gene was inhibited by a maximum of 88 ± 1.9% (P < 0.005 vs. control) 11 days after initiation of lipid droplet formation in the 3T3-L1 cells and 80 ± 8.9% (P < 0.05 vs. control) after 4 days in the HepG2 cells. This led to significant inhibition of both TNSALP activity and intracellular lipid accumulation in both cell lines. These data demonstrates that TNSALP plays an important role in the control of lipid droplet formation in both pre-adipocyte and hepatocyte cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Chirambo
- Department of Chemical PathologyNational Health Laboratory ServiceUniversity of Witwatersrand Medical SchoolJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Department of BiochemistryCollege Of MedicineUniversity of MalawiMalawiBlantyre
| | - Chantal van Niekerk
- Department of Chemical PathologyNational Health Laboratory ServiceUniversity of Witwatersrand Medical SchoolJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Nigel J. Crowther
- Department of Chemical PathologyNational Health Laboratory ServiceUniversity of Witwatersrand Medical SchoolJohannesburgSouth Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Le Sage F, Meilhac O, Gonthier MP. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces pro-inflammatory adipokine secretion and oxidative stress by regulating Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling pathways and redox enzymes in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 446:102-110. [PMID: 28216438 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota LPS contributes to obesity-related chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, promoting insulin resistance. Periodontal disease also represents a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and is associated with obesity. This study compared the effect of LPS from P. gingivalis periodontopathogen and E. coli enterobacteria on inflammatory adipokine secretion and redox status of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that both LPS activated TLR2- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways involving MyD88 adaptor and NFκB transcription factor, leading to an increased secretion of leptin, resistin, IL-6 and MCP-1. These effects were partly blocked by inhibitors targeting p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK. Moreover, P. gingivalis LPS reduced adiponectin secretion. Both LPS also enhanced ROS production and the expression of NOX2, NOX4 and iNOS genes. P. gingivalis LPS altered catalase gene expression. Collectively, these results showed that LPS of periodontal bacteria induced pro-inflammatory adipokine secretory profile and oxidative stress in adipocytes which may participate to obesity-related insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Le Sage
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, F-97400, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gonthier
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Plateforme CYROI, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France; Université de La Réunion, UMR 1188, Sainte-Clotilde, F-97490, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ambrosi TH, Scialdone A, Graja A, Gohlke S, Jank AM, Bocian C, Woelk L, Fan H, Logan DW, Schürmann A, Saraiva LR, Schulz TJ. Adipocyte Accumulation in the Bone Marrow during Obesity and Aging Impairs Stem Cell-Based Hematopoietic and Bone Regeneration. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:771-784.e6. [PMID: 28330582 PMCID: PMC5459794 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 490] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging and obesity induce ectopic adipocyte accumulation in bone marrow cavities. This process is thought to impair osteogenic and hematopoietic regeneration. Here we specify the cellular identities of the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages of the bone. While aging impairs the osteogenic lineage, high-fat diet feeding activates expansion of the adipogenic lineage, an effect that is significantly enhanced in aged animals. We further describe a mesenchymal sub-population with stem cell-like characteristics that gives rise to both lineages and, at the same time, acts as a principal component of the hematopoietic niche by promoting competitive repopulation following lethal irradiation. Conversely, bone-resident cells committed to the adipocytic lineage inhibit hematopoiesis and bone healing, potentially by producing excessive amounts of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4, a protease that is a target of diabetes therapies. These studies delineate the molecular identity of the bone-resident adipocytic lineage, and they establish its involvement in age-dependent dysfunction of bone and hematopoietic regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Ambrosi
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonio Scialdone
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Antonia Graja
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gohlke
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Jank
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Carla Bocian
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Lena Woelk
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Hua Fan
- Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Darren W Logan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton-Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luis R Saraiva
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 26999, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tim J Schulz
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao W, Ge H, Liu K, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu B. Nandinine, a Derivative of Berberine, Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Insulin Resistance in Adipocytes via Regulation of AMP-Kinase Activity. Planta Med 2017; 83:203-209. [PMID: 27462872 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-110576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nandinine is a derivative of berberine that has high efficacy for treating cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effects of berberine and nandinine on the regulation of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. Through treatment with macrophage-derived conditioned medium in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, dysregulation of adipokine production and activation of the IκB kinase β/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway was induced. However, these phenomena were effectively reversed by berberine, nandinine, and salicylate pretreatments. Furthermore, both berberine and nandinine inhibited serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 induced by IκB kinase β and increased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, which finally led to insulin-mediated glucose uptake. In addition, berberine and nandinine significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase activity, thereby contributing to their anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting IκB kinase β activation. Finally, in vivo studies demonstrated that both berberine (100 or 200 mg/kg) and nandinine (100 or 200 mg/kg) effectively ameliorated glucose intolerance and induced the insulin sensitivity index in mice. In conclusion, berberine and nandinine attenuated insulin resistance in adipocytes by inhibiting inflammation in an AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent manner. Berberine and nandinine may be used as dietary supplements and nandinine is a new candidate for obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Haixia Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Huzhou University, Huzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mancini SJ, White AD, Bijland S, Rutherford C, Graham D, Richter EA, Viollet B, Touyz RM, Palmer TM, Salt IP. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase rapidly suppresses multiple pro-inflammatory pathways in adipocytes including IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 phosphorylation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:44-56. [PMID: 27840174 PMCID: PMC5228585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of adipose tissue in obesity is associated with increased IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion and proposed to contribute to insulin resistance. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates nutrient metabolism and is reported to have anti-inflammatory actions in adipose tissue, yet the mechanisms underlying this remain poorly characterised. The effect of AMPK activation on cytokine-stimulated proinflammatory signalling was therefore assessed in cultured adipocytes. AMPK activation inhibited IL-1β-stimulated CXCL10 secretion, associated with reduced interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) phosphorylation and downregulated MKK4/JNK and IKK/IκB/NFκB signalling. AMPK activation inhibited TNF-α-stimulated IKK/IκB/NFκB signalling but had no effect on JNK phosphorylation. The JAK/STAT3 pathway was also suppressed by AMPK after IL-6 stimulation and during adipogenesis. Adipose tissue from AMPKα1-/- mice exhibited increased JNK and STAT3 phosphorylation, supporting suppression of these distinct proinflammatory pathways by AMPK in vivo. The inhibition of multiple pro-inflammatory signalling pathways by AMPK may underlie the reported beneficial effects of AMPK activation in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Mancini
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anna D White
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Bijland
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Rutherford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Palmer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Ian P Salt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Guo Y, Li L, Gao J, Chen X, Sang Q. miR-214 suppresses the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and these effects are mediated through the inhibition of the JNK and p38 pathways. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:71-80. [PMID: 27959394 PMCID: PMC5179177 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to investigate the expression of microRNA (miR)-214 on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. We found that the overexpression of miR‑214 effectively promoted the adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the gene expression of collagen type I (Col I), osteocalcin (OCN) and osteopontin (OPN) in the BMSCs. We further found that the overexpression of miR‑214 suppressed the protein expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), phosphorylated c‑Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) in the BMSCs. The downregulation of miR‑214 promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and increased ALP activity and Col I, OCN and OPN gene expression in the BMSCs. It also increased FGF p-JNK and p-p38 protein expression in the BMSCs. The use of JNK inhibitor (SP600125) enhanced the inhibitory effects of miR‑214 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation, ALP activity, and Col I, OCN and OPN gene expression in the BMSCs. Lastly, the use of p38 inhibitor (SB202190) also enhanced the inhibitory effects of miR‑214 overexpression on ALP activity, and Col I, OCN and OPN gene expression in the BMSCs. These results provide a mechanism responsible for the suppressive effects of miR‑214 on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs involving the inhibition of the JNK and p38 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Army General Hospital, Dongcheng, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Lianhua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Army General Hospital, Dongcheng, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Army General Hospital, Dongcheng, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Army General Hospital, Dongcheng, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Sang
- Department of Orthopedics, Beijing Army General Hospital, Dongcheng, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lee
- From the Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Gao D, Zhang YL, Yang FQ, Li F, Zhang QH, Xia ZN. The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (wall.) Meisn. suppresses adipogenesis through modulation of the AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:379-386. [PMID: 27350007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., locally named "Lvluohua, ", has been widely used as Tibetan folk medicine for the treatment of metabolic diseases for a long time. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the anti-adipogenesis effect of ethyl acetate extract of the flower of E. gardneri (EEG extract) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obesity-related parameters such as lipid accumulation and TG content were determined by Oil red O staining and enzymatic kit, respectively. Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Moreover, main constituents of EEG extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS EEG extract decreased the lipid and triglyceride (TG) accumulations during the differentiation process and down-regulated the adipogenesis-related transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. EEG extract treatment increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment with AMPK inhibitor, weakened the inhibitory effects of EEG extract on the expressions of PPARγand C/EBPα. HPLC analysis indicated that tiliroside was the main constituent in EEG extract. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EEG extract may exert anti-adipogenic effects through modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Die Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yong-Lan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stromsdorfer KL, Yamaguchi S, Yoon MJ, Moseley AC, Franczyk MP, Kelly SC, Qi N, Imai SI, Yoshino J. NAMPT-Mediated NAD(+) Biosynthesis in Adipocytes Regulates Adipose Tissue Function and Multi-organ Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Cell Rep 2016; 16:1851-60. [PMID: 27498863 PMCID: PMC5094180 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction and multi-organ insulin resistance. However, the mechanisms of such obesity-associated systemic metabolic complications are not clear. Here, we characterized mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), a rate-limiting NAD(+) biosynthetic enzyme known to decrease in adipose tissue of obese and aged rodents and people. We found that adipocyte-specific Nampt knockout mice had severe insulin resistance in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle and adipose tissue dysfunction, manifested by increased plasma free fatty acid concentrations and decreased plasma concentrations of a major insulin-sensitizing adipokine, adiponectin. Loss of Nampt increased phosphorylation of CDK5 and PPARγ (serine-273) and decreased gene expression of obesity-linked phosphorylated PPARγ targets in adipose tissue. These deleterious alterations were normalized by administering rosiglitazone or a key NAD(+) intermediate, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Collectively, our results provide important mechanistic and therapeutic insights into obesity-associated systemic metabolic derangements, particularly multi-organ insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Stromsdorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shintaro Yamaguchi
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Myeong Jin Yoon
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna C Moseley
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael P Franczyk
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shannon C Kelly
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nathan Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Imai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miranda F, Mannion D, Liu S, Zheng Y, Mangala LS, Redondo C, Herrero-Gonzalez S, Xu R, Taylor C, Chedom DF, Carrami EM, Albukhari A, Jiang D, Pradeep S, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Lopez-Berestein G, Salah E, Abdul Azeez KR, Elkins JM, Campo L, Myers KA, Klotz D, Bivona S, Dhar S, Bast RC, Saya H, Choi HG, Gray NS, Fischer R, Kessler BM, Yau C, Sood AK, Motohara T, Knapp S, Ahmed AA. Salt-Inducible Kinase 2 Couples Ovarian Cancer Cell Metabolism with Survival at the Adipocyte-Rich Metastatic Niche. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:273-289. [PMID: 27478041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The adipocyte-rich microenvironment forms a niche for ovarian cancer metastasis, but the mechanisms driving this process are incompletely understood. Here we show that salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is overexpressed in adipocyte-rich metastatic deposits compared with ovarian primary lesions. Overexpression of SIK2 in ovarian cancer cells promotes abdominal metastasis while SIK2 depletion prevents metastasis in vivo. Importantly, adipocytes induce calcium-dependent activation and autophosphorylation of SIK2. Activated SIK2 plays a dual role in augmenting AMPK-induced phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and in activating the PI3K/AKT pathway through p85α-S154 phosphorylation. These findings identify SIK2 at the apex of the adipocyte-induced signaling cascades in cancer cells and make a compelling case for targeting SIK2 for therapy in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Miranda
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Mannion
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yiyan Zheng
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Clara Redondo
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sandra Herrero-Gonzalez
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ruoyan Xu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Charlotte Taylor
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Donatien Fotso Chedom
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eli M Carrami
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ashwag Albukhari
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dahai Jiang
- Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sunila Pradeep
- Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Rodriguez-Aguayo
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eidarus Salah
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kamal R Abdul Azeez
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Leticia Campo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kevin A Myers
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Daniel Klotz
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Serena Bivona
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sunanda Dhar
- Department of Histopathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNAi and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Takeshi Motohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Riedberg Campus, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Park SH, Liu Z, Sui Y, Helsley RN, Zhu B, Powell DK, Kern PA, Zhou C. IKKβ Is Essential for Adipocyte Survival and Adaptive Adipose Remodeling in Obesity. Diabetes 2016; 65:1616-29. [PMID: 26993069 PMCID: PMC4878418 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a central coordinator of inflammatory responses through activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), has been implicated as a critical molecular link between inflammation and metabolic disorders; however, the role of adipocyte IKKβ in obesity and related metabolic disorders remains elusive. Here we report an essential role of IKKβ in the regulation of adipose remodeling and adipocyte survival in diet-induced obesity. Targeted deletion of IKKβ in adipocytes does not affect body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure but results in an exaggerated diabetic phenotype when challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). IKKβ-deficient mice have multiple histopathologies in visceral adipose tissue, including increased adipocyte death, amplified macrophage infiltration, and defective adaptive adipose remodeling. Deficiency of IKKβ also leads to increased adipose lipolysis, elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and impaired insulin signaling. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IKKβ is a key adipocyte survival factor and that IKKβ protects murine and human adipocytes from HFD- or FFA-elicited cell death through NF-κB-dependent upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins and NF-κB-independent inactivation of proapoptotic BAD protein. Our findings establish IKKβ as critical for adipocyte survival and adaptive adipose remodeling in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Zun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Yipeng Sui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David K Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Philip A Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yi SA, Um SH, Lee J, Yoo JH, Bang SY, Park EK, Lee MG, Nam KH, Jeon YJ, Park JW, You JS, Lee SJ, Bae GU, Rhie JW, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Han JW. S6K1 Phosphorylation of H2B Mediates EZH2 Trimethylation of H3: A Determinant of Early Adipogenesis. Mol Cell 2016; 62:443-452. [PMID: 27151441 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
S6K1 has been implicated in a number of key metabolic responses, which contribute to obesity. Critical among these is the control of a transcriptional program required for the commitment of mesenchymal stem cells to the adipocytic lineage. However, in contrast to its role in the cytosol, the functions and targets of nuclear S6K1 are unknown. Here, we show that adipogenic stimuli trigger nuclear translocation of S6K1, leading to H2BS36 phosphorylation and recruitment of EZH2 to H3, which mediates H3K27 trimethylation. This blocks Wnt gene expression, inducing the upregulation of PPARγ and Cebpa and driving increased adipogenesis. Consistent with this finding, white adipose tissue from S6K1-deficient mice exhibits no detectable H2BS36 phosphorylation or H3K27 trimethylation, whereas both responses are highly elevated in obese humans or in mice fed a high-fat diet. These findings define an S6K1-dependent mechanism in early adipogenesis, contributing to the promotion of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaecheol Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Room G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305-5454, USA
| | - Ji Hee Yoo
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Bang
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hong Nam
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Ji Jeon
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Park
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueng Soo You
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jin Lee
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Un Bae
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Rhie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sara C Kozma
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - George Thomas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), 08908 Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Unitat de Bioquímica, Dep. Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jeung-Whan Han
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The lack of a complete assembly of the sensitivity of subcellular aminopeptidase (AP) activities to insulin in different pathophysiological conditions has hampered the complete view of the adipocyte metabolic pathways and its implications in these conditions. Here we investigated the influence of insulin on basic AP (APB), neutral puromycin-sensitive AP (PSA), and neutral puromycin-insensitive AP (APM) in high and low density microsomal and plasma membrane fractions from adipocytes of healthy and obese rats. Catalytic activities of these enzymes were fluorometrically monitoring in these fractions with or without insulin stimulus. Canonical traffic such as insulin-regulated AP was not detected for these novel adipocyte APs in healthy and obese rats. However, insulin increased APM in low density microsomal and plasma membrane fractions from healthy rats, APB in high density microsomal fraction from obese rats and PSA in plasma membrane fraction from healthy rats. A new concept of intracellular compartment-dependent upregulation of AP enzyme activities by insulin emerges from these data. This relatively selective regulation has pathophysiological significance, since these enzymes are well known to act as catalysts and receptor of peptides directly related to energy metabolism. Overall, the regulation of each one of these enzyme activities reflects certain dysfunction in obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Fadoni Alponti
- Laboratory of PharmacologyUnit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartment of PhysiologyUniversidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Laboratory of PharmacologyUnit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartment of PhysiologyUniversidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Lucio Alves
- Laboratory of PharmacologyUnit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartment of PhysiologyUniversidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Flavio Silveira
- Laboratory of PharmacologyUnit of Translational Endocrine Physiology and Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, CEP05503-900 Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartment of PhysiologyUniversidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Park GS, Jeon YM, Kim JH, Park SK, Lee MY. In vitro studies on anti-obesity activity of Korean Memilmuk through AMPK activation. J Environ Biol 2016; 37:1-5. [PMID: 26930853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The anti-obesity effect of Korean traditional food, Memilmuk, was examined through inhibition of differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by buckwheat flour extract. Oil-Red O staining showed that lipid accumulation in adipocytes was reduced upon adding buckwheat flour extract, indicating effective inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. Buckwheat flour extract also inhibited the expression of adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an intracellular regulator of energy balance. Overall, the anti-obesity effect of Korean Memilmuk might be mediated through down-regulation of PPARγ expression via AMPK activation by buckwheat flour.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
This study checked the existence of a diverse array of aminopeptidase (AP) enzymes in high (HDM) and low (LDM) density microsomal and plasma membrane (MF) fractions from adipocytes of control, monosodium glutamate obese and food deprived rats. Gene expression was detected for ArgAP, AspAP, MetAP, and two AlaAP (APM and PSA). APM and PSA had the highest catalytic efficiency, whereas AspAP the highest affinity. Subcellular distribution of AP activities depended on metabolic status. Comparing catalytic levels, AspAP in HDM, LDM and MF was absent in obese and control under food deprivation; PSA in LDM was 3.5-times higher in obese than in normally fed control and control and obese under food deprivation; MetAP in MF was 4.5-times higher in obese than in food deprived obese. Data show new AP enzymes genetically expressed in subcellular compartments of adipocytes, three of them with altered catalytic levels that respond to whole-body energetic demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Fadoni Alponti
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Rua do Matao, Travessa 14, 101, 05508-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Flavio Silveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brasil, 1500, 05503-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gao F, Du W, Zafar MI, Shafqat RA, Jian L, Cai Q, Lu F. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine ameliorates an insulin resistant-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating TACE/TIMP3 expression. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5727-36. [PMID: 26527864 PMCID: PMC4621195 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s92355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) is highly correlated with soluble tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNF-α), which is released from transmembranous TNF-α by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). In vivo, TACE activity is suppressed by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). Agents that can interact with TACE/TIMP3 to improve obesity-related IR would be highly valuable. In the current study, we assessed whether (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) could modulate TACE/TIMP3 and ameliorate an obesity-induced IR-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated in the presence of 25 mM glucose and 0.6 nM insulin to induce an IR-like state, and were then treated with different concentrations of 4-HIL or 10 µM pioglitazone (positive control). The glucose uptake rate was determined using the 2-deoxy-[(3)H]-D-glucose method, and the levels of sTNF-α in the cell supernatant were determined using ELISA. The protein expression of TACE, TIMP3, and insulin signaling-related molecules was measured using western blotting. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose and insulin for 18 hours increased the levels of sTNF-α in the cell supernatant. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) Ser(307) and Akt Ser(473) was increased, whereas the protein expression of IRS-1, Akt, and glucose transporter-4 was decreased. The insulin-induced glucose uptake was reduced by 67% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which indicated the presence of an IR-like state. The above indexes, which demonstrated the successful induction of an IR-like state, were reversed by 4-HIL in a dose-dependent manner by downregulating and upregulating the protein expression of TACE and TIMP3 proteins, respectively. CONCLUSION 4-HIL improved an obesity-associated IR-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by targeting TACE/TIMP3 and the insulin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Raja Adeel Shafqat
- Department of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liumeng Jian
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Furong Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ralston JC, Mutch DM. SCD1 inhibition during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation remodels triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and phospholipid fatty acid composition. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 98:29-37. [PMID: 25959085 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of saturated fatty acids (FAs) palmitate (16:0) and stearate (18:0) into monounsaturated FAs palmitoleate (16:1n-7) and oleate (18:1n-9) is catalyzed by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). These FAs represent the dominant constituents of adipocyte triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs). Given the critical role of SCD1 in lipid metabolism and the notable increase in its expression during adipogenesis, reductions in SCD1 activity have the potential to compromise the adipocyte's ability to accumulate lipid. The current study used thin-layer and gas chromatography to examine the content and FA composition of TAGs, PLs, cholesteryl esters, diacylglycerols and free fatty acids in SCD1-inhibited differentiating 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. SCD1 inhibition reduced total cellular PL and TAG content concurrent with the down-regulation of genes involved in TAG and PL biosynthesis; however, the relative amount of PL was unaltered. While total DAG levels were increased ~2.7-fold in SCD1-inhibited adipocytes, this did not induce JNK activation; however, phosphorylated (Ser473) AKT was significantly reduced. As expected, total SFA and MUFA content were increased (~1.3-fold) and decreased (~4.0-fold). Further, SCD1 inhibition caused a ~2.2-fold increase and a ~8.3-fold decrease in total cellular 18:0 and 16:1n-7 levels, respectively. Similar changes were also seen in other lipid fractions. The levels of other FAs, including polyunsaturated FAs, were also changed in SCD1-inhibited adipocytes. Together, these results add to the existing body of knowledge regarding SCD1 function in adipocytes and highlight its important role in regulating global adipocyte lipid composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Ralston
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Johlfs MG, Gorjala P, Urasaki Y, Le TT, Fiscus RR. Capillary Isoelectric Focusing Immunoassay for Fat Cell Differentiation Proteomics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132105. [PMID: 26132171 PMCID: PMC4489199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Profiling cellular proteome is critical to understanding signal integration during cell fate determination. In this study, the capability of capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) immunoassays to detect post-translational modifications (PTM) of protein isoforms is demonstrated. cIEF immunoassays exhibit protein detection sensitivity at up to 5 orders of magnitude higher than traditional methods. This detection ultra-sensitivity permits proteomic profiling of several nanograms of tissue samples. cIEF immunoassays are employed to simultaneously profile three protein kinases during fat cell differentiation: cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (PKG-I) of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway, protein kinase B (Akt) of the insulin signaling pathway, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Interestingly, a switch in the expression level of PKG- isoforms is observed during fat cell differentiation. While both PKG-Iα and PKG-Iβ isoforms are present in preadipocytes, only PKG-Iβ isoform is expressed in adipocytes. On the other hand, the phosphorylation level increases for Akt while decreases for ERK1 and ERK2 following the maturation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Taken together, cIEF immunoassay provides a highly sensitive means to study fat cell differentiation proteomics. cIEF immunoassay should be a powerful proteomics tool to study complex protein signal integration in biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. Johlfs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89135, United States of America
| | - Priyatham Gorjala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89135, United States of America
| | - Yasuyo Urasaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89135, United States of America
| | - Thuc T. Le
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89135, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TTL); (RRF)
| | - Ronald R. Fiscus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, College of Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, 10530 Discovery Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89135, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TTL); (RRF)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Adachi N, Kubota Y, Kosaka K, Akita S, Sasahara Y, Kira T, Kuroda M, Mitsukawa N, Bujo H, Satoh K. Low-dose radiation pretreatment improves survival of human ceiling culture-derived proliferative adipocytes (ccdPAs) under hypoxia via HIF-1 alpha and MMP-2 induction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1176-83. [PMID: 26086098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Poor survival is a major problem of adipocyte transplantation. We previously reported that VEGF and MMPs secreted from transplanted adipocytes are essential for angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Pretreatment with low-dose (5 Gy) radiation (LDR) increased VEGF, MMP-2, and HIF-1 alpha mRNA expression in human ceiling culture-derived proliferative adipocytes (hccdPAs). Gene expression after LDR differed between adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) and hccdPAs. Pretreatment with LDR improved the survival of hccdPAs under hypoxia, which is inevitable in the early stages after transplantation. Upregulation of VEGF and MMP-2 after LDR in hccdPAs is mediated by HIF-1 alpha expression. Our results suggest that pretreatment with LDR may improve adipocyte graft survival in a clinical setting through upregulation of VEGF and MMP-2 via HIF-1 alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Adachi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan.
| | - Kentarou Kosaka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Akita
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| | - Yoshitarou Sasahara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kira
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kuroda
- Center for Advanced Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| | - Hideaki Bujo
- Department of Clinical-Laboratory and Experimental-Research Medicine, Toho University, Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura-shi, Chiba, #285-8741, Japan
| | - Kaneshige Satoh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba-city, Chiba, #260-8677, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu P, Fischer-Posovszky P, Bischof J, Radermacher P, Wabitsch M, Henne-Bruns D, Wolf AM, Hillenbrand A, Knippschild U. Gene expression levels of Casein kinase 1 (CK1) isoforms are correlated to adiponectin levels in adipose tissue of morbid obese patients and site-specific phosphorylation mediated by CK1 influences multimerization of adiponectin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:87-101. [PMID: 25724478 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
White adipose tissue has now been recognized as an important endocrine organ secreting bioactive molecules termed adipocytokines. In obesity, anti-inflammatory adipocytokines like adiponectin are decreased while pro-inflammatory factors are over-produced. These changes contribute to the development of insulin resistance and obesity-associated diseases. Since members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways we ask here whether they are able to modulate the functions of adiponectin. We show that CK1δ and ε are expressed in adipose tissue and that the expression of CK1 isoforms correlates with that of adiponectin. Furthermore, adiponectin co-immunoprecipitates with CK1δ and CK1ε and is phosphorylated by CK1δ at serine 174 and threonine 235, thereby influencing the formation of adiponectin oligomeric complexes. Furthermore, inhibition of CK1δ in human adipocytes by IC261 leads to an increase in basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In summary, our data indicate that site-specific phosphorylation of adiponectin, especially at sites targeted by CK1δ in vitro, provides an additional regulatory mechanism for modulating adiponectin complex formation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Divison of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Eythstrasse 24, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Process Development in Anesthesia, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Divison of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Eythstrasse 24, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Wolf
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hillenbrand
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
We recently reported that genetic deletion of myeloperoxidase (MPO) alleviates obesity-related insulin resistance in mice in vivo. How MPO impairs insulin sensitivity in adipocytes is poorly characterized. As hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a principal oxidant product generated by MPO, we evaluated the effects of HOCl on insulin signaling in adipocytes differentiated from 3T3-L1 cells. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to exogenous HOCl (200 μmol/l) attenuated insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, GLUT4 translocation, and insulin signals, including tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and phosphorylation of Akt. Furthermore, treatment with HOCl induced phosphorylation of IRS1 at serine 307, inhibitor κB kinase (IKK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and phosphorylation of PKCθ (PKCθ). In addition, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of IKK and JNK abolished serine phosphorylation of IRS1 and impairment of insulin signaling by HOCl. Furthermore, knockdown of PKCθ using siRNA transfection suppressed phosphorylation of IKK and JNK and consequently attenuated the HOCl-impaired insulin signaling pathway. Moreover, activation of PKCθ by peroxynitrite was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of IKK, JNK, and IRS1-serine 307. In contrast, ONOO(-) inhibitors abolished HOCl-induced phosphorylation of PKCθ, IKK, JNK, and IRS1-serine 307, as well as insulin resistance. Finally, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of PKCθ, IKK, JNK, and IRS1 at serine 307 in white adipose tissues from WT mice, all of which were not found in Mpo knockout mice fed HFDs. We conclude that HOCl impairs insulin signaling pathway by increasing ONOO(-) mediated phosphorylation of PKCθ, resulting in phosphorylation of IKK/JNK and consequent serine phosphorylation of IRS1 in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Section of Molecular MedicineBSEB 306A, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Qilong Wang
- Section of Molecular MedicineBSEB 306A, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Ye Ding
- Section of Molecular MedicineBSEB 306A, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Section of Molecular MedicineBSEB 306A, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lim SM, Goh YM, Kuan WB, Loh SP. Effect of germinated brown rice extracts on pancreatic lipase, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:169. [PMID: 25367070 PMCID: PMC4232653 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated anti-obesity effects of seven different solvent (n-hexane, toluene, dicholoromethane, ethyl acetate, absolute methanol, 80% methanol and deionized water) extracts of germinated brown rice (GBR) on pancreatic lipase activity, adipogenesis and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS GBR were extracted separately by employing different solvents with ultrasound-assisted. Pancreatic lipase activity was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl butyrate (p-NPB) to p-nitrophenol at 405 nm. Adipogenesis and lipolysis were assayed in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes by using Oil Red O staining and glycerol release measurement. RESULTS GBR extract using hexane showed the highest inhibitory effect (13.58 ± 0.860%) at concentration of 200 μg/ml followed by hexane extract at 100 μg/ml (9.98 ± 1.048%) while ethyl acetate extract showed the lowest (2.62 ± 0.677%) at concentration of 200 μg/ml on pancreatic lipase activity. Water extract at 300 μg/ml showed 61.55 ± 3.824% of Oil Red O staining material (OROSM), a marker of adipogenesis. It significantly decrease (p < 0.05) lipid accumulation than control (OROSM = 100%), follow by ethyl acetate extract at 300 μg/ml (OROSM = 65.17 ± 3.131%). All the GBR extracts induced lipolysis with 1.22-1.83 fold of greater glycerol release than control. CONCLUSIONS GBR extracts especially the least polar and intermediate polar solvent extracts exhibited inhibitory effect on pancreatic lipase, decrease fat accumulation by adipocyte differentiation inhibition, and stimulate lipolysis on adipocytes. Therefore, GBR could be furthered study and developed as a functional food in helping the treatment and/or prevention of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- See Meng Lim
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Yong Meng Goh
- />Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Wen Bin Kuan
- />Laboratory of Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Su Peng Loh
- />Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jin T, Kim OY, Shin MJ, Choi EY, Lee SS, Han YS, Chung JH. Fisetin up-regulates the expression of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the activation of silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1)-deacetylase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:10468-10474. [PMID: 25286082 DOI: 10.1021/jf502849j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipokine, has been described as showing physiological benefits against obesity-related malfunctions and vascular dysfunction. Several natural compounds that promote the expression and secretion of adipokines in adipocytes could be useful for treating metabolic disorders. This study investigated the effect of fisetin, a dietary flavonoid, on the regulation of adiponectin in adipocytes using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The expression and secretion of adiponectin increased in 3T3-L1 cells upon treatment with fisetin in a dose-dependent manner. Fisetin-induced adiponectin secretion was inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) antagonists. It was also revealed that fisetin increased the activities of PPARs and silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the up-regulation of adiponectin and the activation of PPARs induced by fisetin were prevented by a SIRT1 inhibitor. Fisetin also promoted deacetylation of PPAR γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) and its interaction with PPARs. SIRT knockdown by siRNA significantly decreased both adiponectin production and PPARs-PGC-1 interaction. These results provide evidence that fisetin promotes the gene expression of adiponectin through the activation of SIRT1 and PPARs in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Jin
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University , Gyeonggi-do 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Robinson KA, Hegyi K, Hannun YA, Buse MG, Sethi JK. Go-6976 reverses hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance independently of cPKC inhibition in adipocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108963. [PMID: 25330241 PMCID: PMC4198081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia induces insulin resistance by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. One model of hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance involves chronic preincubation of adipocytes in the presence of high glucose and low insulin concentrations. We have previously shown that the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a partial role in the development of insulin resistance in this model. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with Go-6976, a widely used “specific” inhibitor of cPKCs, alleviates hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance. However, the effects of mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin and Go-6976 were not additive and only rapamycin restored impaired insulin-stimulated AKT activation. Although, PKCα, (but not –β) was abundantly expressed in these adipocytes, our studies indicate cPKCs do not play a major role in causing insulin-resistance in this model. There was no evidence of changes in the expression or phosphorylation of PKCα, and PKCα knock-down did not prevent the reduction of insulin-stimulated glucose transport. This was also consistent with lack of IRS-1 phosphorylation on Ser-24 in hyperglycemia-induced insulin-resistant adipocytes. Treatment with Go-6976 did inhibit a component of the mTORC1 pathway, as evidenced by decreased phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein. Raptor knock-down enhanced the effect of insulin on glucose transport in insulin resistant adipocytes. Go-6976 had the same effect in control cells, but was ineffective in cells with Raptor knock-down. Taken together these findings suggest that Go-6976 exerts its effect in alleviating hyperglycemia-induced insulin-resistance independently of cPKC inhibition and may target components of the mTORC1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Robinson
- The Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Division Diabetes, Endocrinology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Krisztina Hegyi
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuf A. Hannun
- The Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria G. Buse
- The Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Division Diabetes, Endocrinology and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jaswinder K. Sethi
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Park H, Shim JS, Kim BS, Jung HJ, Huh TL, Kwon HJ. Purpurin inhibits adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase and angiogenesis in a zebrafish model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:561-7. [PMID: 24928393 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase (A-LAP) is a novel member of the M1 family of zinc metallopeptidases, which has been reported to play a crucial role in angiogenesis. In the present study, we conducted a target-based screening of natural products and synthetic chemical libraries using the purified enzyme to search novel inhibitors of A-LAP. Amongst several hits isolated, a natural product purpurin was identified as one of the most potent inhibitors of A-LAP from the screening. In vitro enzymatic analyses demonstrated that purpurin inhibited A-LAP activity in a non-competitive manner with a Ki value of 20 M. In addition, purpurin showed a strong selectivity toward A-LAP versus another member of M1 family of zinc metallopeptidase, aminopeptidase N (APN). In angiogenesis assays, purpurin inhibited the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Moreover, purpurin inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in zebrafish embryo without toxicity. These data demonstrate that purpurin is a novel specific inhibitor of A-LAP and could be developed as a new anti-angiogenic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyomi Park
- Chemical Genomics National Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Universidade, Taipa, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Chemical Genomics National Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, University of Sun Moon, Asansi, Chungnam 336-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lin Huh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Puk-Gu, Sankyuk-Dong, 702-701 Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics National Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fletcher R, Gribben C, Ma X, Burchfield JG, Thomas KC, Krycer JR, James DE, Fazakerley DJ. The role of the Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 protein in adipocyte insulin action. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95598. [PMID: 24752197 PMCID: PMC3994084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) gene encodes a transmembrane protein involved in cholesterol efflux from the lysosome. SNPs within NPC1 have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes, and mice heterozygous or null for NPC1 are insulin resistant. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning this association is currently undefined. This study aimed to investigate the effects of inhibiting NPC1 function on insulin action in adipocytes. Both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of NPC1 impaired insulin action. This impairment was evident at the level of insulin signalling and insulin-mediated glucose transport in the short term and decreased GLUT4 expression due to reduced liver X receptor (LXR) transcriptional activity in the long-term. These data show that cholesterol homeostasis through NPC1 plays a crucial role in maintaining insulin action at multiple levels in adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Fletcher
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Gribben
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xuiquan Ma
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James G. Burchfield
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristen C. Thomas
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James R. Krycer
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David E. James
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Fazakerley
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jiang Y, Cen W, Xing S, Chen J, Xu H, Wen A, Zhu L, Tang G, Li M, Jiang A, Li X. Tissue expression pattern and polymorphism of G0S2 gene in porcine. Gene 2014; 539:173-9. [PMID: 24487091 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzing the initial step of hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in adipocytes, has been known to be inhibited by G0/G1 switch protein 2 (G0S2). In this study, we determined tissue expression pattern and polymorphism of G0S2 gene in porcine. The results showed that the G0S2 transcript levels were very high in the liver and, to a lesser degree, in adipose tissues of greater omentum and suet fat; and low G0S2 transcript levels were observed in other tissues. A comparative study on the transcript levels between ATGL and G0S2 genes showed that ATGL transcript levels were high in all six adipose tissues, but negligible in the liver. Higher transcript levels were obtained for sows in adipose tissues of the inner layer of subcutaneous fat and suet fat, but higher expression values were found for boars in the liver, spleen, and stomach. 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 4 nonsynonymous SNPs (g.-307A>T, g.-394C>G, g.-565G>A, and g.-566T>C), were found in porcine G0S2 genomic DNA. Association analyses showed that the g.-565G>A and g.-742T>A SNPs were associated with back fat thickness (BFT). In conclusion, G0S2 mRNAs are abundantly expressed in porcine liver and adipose tissues of greater omentum and suet fat, and sex affects porcine G0S2 tissue transcript levels; meanwhile, the genetic diversity of porcine G0S2 gene is abundant and 2 SNPs are a genetic factor affecting BFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China.
| | - Wangmin Cen
- College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Shuhua Xing
- College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Jianning Chen
- College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Huaming Xu
- College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Anxiang Wen
- College of Life and Basic Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an City 625014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lagos CF, Vecchiola A, Allende F, Fuentes CA, Tichauer JE, Valdivia C, Solari S, Campino C, Tapia-Castillo A, Baudrand R, Villarroel P, Cifuentes M, Owen GI, Carvajal CA, Fardella CE. Identification of novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitors by combined ligand- and structure-based virtual screening. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 384:71-82. [PMID: 24447464 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) converts cortisone to cortisol in a NADPH dependent manner. Overexpression of 11β-HSD1 in key metabolic tissues is related to the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Using crystal structures of human 11β-HSD1 in complex with inhibitors as source of structural information, a combined ligand and structure-based virtual screening approach was implemented to identify novel 11β-HSD1 inhibitors. A selected group of compounds was identified in silico and further evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and 11β-HSD1 mediated cortisol production inhibitory capacity. The expression of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 in human LS14 adipocytes was assessed during differentiation. Biological evaluation of 39 compounds in adipocytes and steroids quantification by HPLC-MS/MS identify 4 compounds that exhibit 11β-HSD1 mediated cortisol production inhibitory activity with potencies in the micromolar range. Two compounds showed to be selective for the 11β-HSD1 reductase activity and over 11β-HSD2 isoform, and thus represent novel leads for the development of more active derivatives with higher efficacies targeting intracellular cortisol levels in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos F Lagos
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Vecchiola
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fidel Allende
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal A Fuentes
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan E Tichauer
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Valdivia
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Solari
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Campino
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Tapia-Castillo
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rene Baudrand
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pia Villarroel
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Cifuentes
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gareth I Owen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian A Carvajal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos E Fardella
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Krautbauer S, Eisinger K, Neumeier M, Hader Y, Buettner R, Schmid PM, Aslanidis C, Buechler C. Free fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide and IL-1α induce adipocyte manganese superoxide dismutase which is increased in visceral adipose tissues of obese rodents. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86866. [PMID: 24475187 PMCID: PMC3901719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess fat storage in adipocytes is associated with increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and impaired activity of antioxidant mechanisms. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in detoxification of ROS, and objective of the current study is to analyze expression and regulation of MnSOD in obesity. MnSOD is increased in visceral but not subcutaneous fat depots of rodents kept on high fat diets (HFD) and ob/ob mice. MnSOD is elevated in visceral adipocytes of fat fed mice and exposure of differentiating 3T3-L1 cells to lipopolysaccharide, IL-1α, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated free fatty acids (FFA) upregulates its level. FFA do not alter cytochrome oxidase 4 arguing against overall induction of mitochondrial enzymes. Upregulation of MnSOD in fat loaded cells is not mediated by IL-6, TNF or sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 which are induced in these cells. MnSOD is similarly abundant in perirenal fat of Zucker diabetic rats and non-diabetic animals with similar body weight and glucose has no effect on MnSOD in 3T3-L1 cells. To evaluate whether MnSOD affects adipocyte fat storage, MnSOD was knocked-down in adipocytes for the last three days of differentiation and in mature adipocytes. Knock-down of MnSOD does neither alter lipid storage nor viability of these cells. Heme oxygenase-1 which is induced upon oxidative stress is not altered while antioxidative capacity of the cells is modestly reduced. Current data show that inflammation and excess triglyceride storage raise adipocyte MnSOD which is induced in epididymal adipocytes in obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Hader
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roland Buettner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter M. Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charalampos Aslanidis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|