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Saraste A, Ståhle M, Roivainen A, Knuuti J. Molecular Imaging of Heart Failure: An Update and Future Trends. Semin Nucl Med 2024:S0001-2998(24)00028-X. [PMID: 38609753 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Molecular imaging can detect and quantify pathophysiological processes underlying heart failure, complementing evaluation of cardiac structure and function with other imaging modalities. Targeted tracers have enabled assessment of various cellular and subcellular mechanisms of heart failure aiming for improved phenotyping, risk stratification, and personalized therapy. This review outlines the current status of molecular imaging in heart failure, accompanied with discussion on novel developments. The focus is on radionuclide methods with data from clinical studies. Imaging of myocardial metabolism can identify left ventricle dysfunction caused by myocardial ischemia that may be reversible after revascularization in the presence of viable myocardium. In vivo imaging of active inflammation and amyloid deposition have an established role in the detection of cardiac sarcoidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis. Innervation imaging has well documented prognostic value in predicting heart failure progression and arrhythmias. Tracers specific for inflammation, angiogenesis and myocardial fibrotic activity are in earlier stages of development, but have demonstrated potential value in early characterization of the response to myocardial injury and prediction of cardiac function over time. Early detection of disease activity is a key for transition from medical treatment of clinically overt heart failure towards a personalized approach aimed at supporting repair and preventing progressive cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Bhowmik AA, Heikkilä TRH, Polari L, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Moisio O, Li XG, Viitanen R, Jalkanen S, Koffert J, Toivola DM, Roivainen A. Detection of Intestinal Inflammation by Vascular Adhesion Protein-1-Targeted [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 Positron Emission Tomography in Murine Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:322-333. [PMID: 38110791 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET), but existing PET radiopharmaceuticals have limited diagnostic accuracy. Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an endothelial cell surface molecule that controls leukocyte extravasation into sites of inflammation. However, the role of inflammation-induced VAP-1 expression in IBD is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the utility of VAP-1-targeted [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for assessing inflammation in two mouse models of IBD. PROCEDURES Studies were performed using K8-/- mice that develop a chronic colitis-phenotype and C57Bl/6NCrl mice with acute intestinal inflammation chemically-induced using 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. In both diseased and control mice, uptake of the VAP-1-targeting peptide [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was assessed in intestinal regions of interest using in vivo PET/CT, after which ex vivo gamma counting, digital autoradiography, and histopathological analyses were performed. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine VAP-1-expression in the intestine, including in samples from patients with ulcerative colitis. RESULTS Intestinal inflammation could be visualized by [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT in two murine models of IBD. In both models, the in vivo PET/CT and ex vivo studies of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 uptake were significantly higher than in control mice. The in vivo uptake was increased on average 1.4-fold in the DSS model and 2.0-fold in the K8-/- model. Immunofluorescence staining revealed strong expression of VAP-1 in the inflamed intestines of both mice and patients. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the VAP-1-targeting [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET tracer is a promising tool for non-invasive imaging of intestinal inflammation. Future studies in patients with IBD and evaluation of the potential value of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in diagnosis and monitoring of the disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achol A Bhowmik
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Taina R H Heikkilä
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Viitanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Koffert
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modelling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Andriana P, Fair-Mäkelä R, Liljenbäck H, Kärnä S, Iqbal I, Makrypidi K, Rajander J, Pirmettis I, Li XG, Jalkanen S, Saraste A, Salmi M, Roivainen A. Macrophage mannose receptor CD206 targeting of fluoride-18 labeled mannosylated dextran: A validation study in mice. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06686-x. [PMID: 38532026 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aluminum fluoride-18-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-conjugated mannosylated dextran derivative (Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM) is a new tracer for PET imaging. We report here on in vitro and in vivo validation of the tracer's ability to target the macrophage mannose receptor CD206. METHODS First, the uptake of intravenously (i.v.) administered Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was compared between wild-type (WT) and CD206-/- knockout (KO) mice. C57BL/6N mice were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in the left hind leg and the uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM after i.v. or intradermal (i.d.) injection was studied at 5 and 14 days after CFA induction of inflammation. Healthy C57BL/6N mice were studied as controls. Mice underwent PET/CT on consecutive days with [18F]FDG, i.v. Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM, and i.d. Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM. After the last imaging, Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was i.v. injected for an ex vivo biodistribution study and autoradiography of inflamed tissues. Blood plasma samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the specificity of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM binding, an in vitro competitive displacement study was performed on inflamed tissue sections using autoradiography. CD206 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Compared with WT mice, the uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was significantly lower in several CD206-/- KO mice tissues, including liver (SUV 8.21 ± 2.51 vs. 1.06 ± 0.16, P < 0.001) and bone marrow (SUV 1.63 ± 0.37 vs. 0.22 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001). The uptake of i.v. injected Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was significantly higher in inflamed ankle joint (SUV 0.48 ± 0.13 vs. 0.18 ± 0.05, P < 0.0001) and inflamed foot pad skin (SUV 0.41 ± 0.10 vs. 0.04 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001) than in the corresponding tissues in healthy mice. The i.d.-injected Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM revealed differences between CFA-induced lymph node activation and lymph nodes in healthy mice. Ex vivo γ-counting, autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry supported the results, and a decrease of ~ 80% in the binding of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM in the displacement study with excess NOTA-D10CM confirmed that tracer binding was specific. At 60 min after i.v. injection, an average 96.70% of plasma radioactivity was derived from intact Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM, indicating good in vivo stability. The uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM into inflamed tissues was positively associated with the area percentage of CD206-positive staining. CONCLUSION The uptake of mannosylated dextran derivative Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM correlated with CD206 expression and the tracer appears promising for inflammation imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Andriana
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ruth Fair-Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center of Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Imran Iqbal
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Konstantina Makrypidi
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center of Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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Dillemuth P, Karskela T, Ayo A, Ponkamo J, Kunnas J, Rajander J, Tynninen O, Roivainen A, Laakkonen P, Airaksinen AJ, Li XG. Radiosynthesis, structural identification and in vitro tissue binding study of [ 18F]FNA-S-ACooP, a novel radiopeptide for targeted PET imaging of fatty acid binding protein 3. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:16. [PMID: 38393497 PMCID: PMC10891031 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) is a target with clinical relevance and the peptide ligand ACooP has been identified for FABP3 targeting. ACooP is a linear decapeptide containing a free amino and thiol group, which provides opportunities for conjugation. This work is to develop methods for radiolabeling of ACooP with fluorine-18 (18F) for positron emission tomography (PET) applications, and evaluate the binding of the radiolabeled ACooP in human tumor tissue sections with high FABP3 expression. RESULTS The prosthetic compound 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester was conveniently prepared with an on-resin 18F-fluorination in 29.9% radiochemical yield and 96.6% radiochemical purity. Interestingly, 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester conjugated to ACooP exclusively by S-acylation instead of the expected N-acylation, and the chemical identity of the product [18F]FNA-S-ACooP was confirmed. In the in vitro binding experiments, [18F]FNA-S-ACooP exhibited heterogeneous and high focal binding in malignant tissue sections, where we also observed abundant FABP3 positivity by immunofluorescence staining. Blocking study further confirmed the [18F]FNA-S-ACooP binding specificity. CONCLUSIONS FABP3 targeted ACooP peptide was successfully radiolabeled by S-acylation using 6-[18F]fluoronicotinic acid 4-nitrophenyl ester as the prosthetic compound. The tissue binding and blocking studies together with anti-FABP3 immunostaining confirmed [18F]FNA-S-ACooP binding specificity. Further preclinical studies of [18F]FNA-S-ACooP are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyry Dillemuth
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Karskela
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Abiodun Ayo
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesse Ponkamo
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jonne Kunnas
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Tynninen
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- Translational Cancer Medicine Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory Animal Centre, HiLIFE University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Flagship Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu J Airaksinen
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Nammas W, Paunonen C, Teuho J, Siekkinen R, Luoto P, Käkelä M, Hietanen A, Viljanen T, Dietz M, Prior JO, Li XG, Roivainen A, Knuuti J, Saraste A. Imaging of Myocardial α vβ 3 Integrin Expression for Evaluation of Myocardial Injury After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Nucl Med 2024; 65:132-138. [PMID: 37973184 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.266148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
[68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) is a PET tracer targeting αvβ3 integrin, which is upregulated during angiogenesis soon after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We prospectively evaluated determinants of myocardial uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD and its associations with left ventricular (LV) function in patients after AMI. Methods: Myocardial blood flow and [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake (60 min after injection) were evaluated by PET in 31 patients 7.7 ± 3.8 d after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation AMI. Transthoracic echocardiography of LV function was performed on the day of PET and at the 6-mo follow-up. Results: PET images showed increased uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD in the ischemic area at risk (AAR), predominantly in injured myocardial segments. The SUV in the segment with the highest uptake (SUVmax) in the ischemic AAR was higher than the SUVmean of the remote myocardium (0.73 ± 0.16 vs. 0.51 ± 0.11, P < 0.001). Multivariable predictors of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake in the AAR included high peak N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (P < 0.001), low LV ejection fraction, low global longitudinal strain (P = 0.01), and low longitudinal strain in the AAR (P = 0.01). [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake corrected for myocardial blood flow and perfusable tissue fraction in the AAR predicted improvement in global longitudinal strain at follow-up (P = 0.002), independent of peak troponin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and LV ejection fraction. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake shows increased αvβ3 integrin expression in the ischemic AAR early after AMI that is associated with regional and global systolic dysfunction, as well as increased LV filling pressure. Increased [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake predicts improvement of global LV function 6 mo after AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wail Nammas
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christian Paunonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Reetta Siekkinen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pauliina Luoto
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ari Hietanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Viljanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthieu Dietz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John O Prior
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Jahandideh A, Virta J, Li XG, Liljenbäck H, Moisio O, Ponkamo J, Rajala N, Alix M, Lehtonen J, Mäyränpää MI, Salminen TA, Knuuti J, Jalkanen S, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Vascular adhesion protein-1-targeted PET imaging in autoimmune myocarditis. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:2760-2772. [PMID: 37758963 PMCID: PMC10682147 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-023-03371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an adhesion molecule and primary amine oxidase, and Gallium-68-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N″,N‴-tetra-acetic acid conjugated sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 motif containing peptide ([68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting VAP-1. We evaluated the feasibility of PET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 for the detection of myocardial lesions in rats with autoimmune myocarditis. METHODS Rats (n = 9) were immunized twice with porcine cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant. Control rats (n = 6) were injected with Freund's adjuvant alone. On day 21, in vivo PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was performed, followed by ex vivo autoradiography, histology, and immunohistochemistry of tissue sections. In addition, myocardial samples from three patients with cardiac sarcoidosis were studied. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT images of immunized rats showed higher uptake in myocardial lesions than in myocardium outside lesions (SUVmean, 0.5 ± 0.1 vs 0.3 ± 0.1; P = .003) or control rats (SUVmean, 0.2 ± 0.03; P < .0001), which was confirmed by ex vivo autoradiography of tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry showed VAP-1-positive staining in lesions of rats with myocarditis and in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. CONCLUSION VAP-1-targeted [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET is a potential novel technique for the detection of myocardial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Jahandideh
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesse Ponkamo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Rajala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marion Alix
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Lehtonen
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina A Salminen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Åbo Akademi University and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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7
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Andriana P, Makrypidi K, Liljenbäck H, Rajander J, Saraste A, Pirmettis I, Roivainen A, Li XG. Aluminum Fluoride-18 Labeled Mannosylated Dextran: Radiosynthesis and Initial Preclinical Positron Emission Tomography Studies. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:1094-1103. [PMID: 37016195 PMCID: PMC10728250 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In addition to being expressed on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, mannose receptors are also found on antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages, which are mainly involved in the inflammation process. Dextran derivatives of various sizes containing cysteine and mannose moieties have previously been labeled with 99mTc and used for single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of sentinel lymph nodes. In this study, we radiolabeled 21.3-kDa D10CM with positron-emitting 18F for initial positron emission tomography (PET) studies in rats. PROCEDURES D10CM was conjugated with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelator and radiolabeled with the aluminum fluoride-18 method. The whole-body distribution kinetics and stability of the intravenously administered tracer were studied in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats by in vivo PET/CT imaging, ex vivo gamma counting, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. RESULTS Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM was obtained with a radiochemical purity of >99% and molar activity of 9.9 GBq/μmol. At 60 minutes after injection, an average of 84% of the intact tracer was found in the blood, indicating excellent in vivo stability. The highest radioactivity concentration was seen in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, in which mannose receptors are highly expressed under physiological conditions. The uptake specificity was confirmed with in vivo blocking experiments. CONCLUSIONS Our results imply that Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM is a suitable tracer for PET imaging. Further studies in disease models with mannose receptor CD206-positive macrophages are warranted to clarify the tracer's potential for imaging of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Andriana
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Konstantina Makrypidi
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ioannis Pirmettis
- Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety, NCSR "Demokritos", 15310, Athens, Greece
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
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8
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Äärelä A, Auchynnikava T, Moisio O, Liljenbäck H, Andriana P, Iqbal I, Lehtimäki J, Rajander J, Salo H, Roivainen A, Airaksinen AJ, Virta P. In Vivo Imaging of [60]Fullerene-Based Molecular Spherical Nucleic Acids by Positron Emission Tomography. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5043-5051. [PMID: 37531591 PMCID: PMC10548468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
18F-Labeled [60]fullerene-based molecular spherical nucleic acids (MSNAs), consisting of a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mRNA antisense oligonucleotide sequence with a native phosphodiester and phosphorothioate backbone, were synthesized, site-specifically labeled with a positron emitting fluorine-18 and intravenously administrated via tail vein to HER2 expressing HCC1954 tumor-bearing mice. The biodistribution of the MSNAs was monitored in vivo by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. MSNA with a native phosphodiester backbone (MSNA-PO) was prone to rapid nuclease-mediated degradation, whereas the corresponding phosphorothioate analogue (MSNA-PS) with improved enzymatic stability showed an interesting biodistribution profile in vivo. One hour after the injection, majority of the radioactivity was observed in spleen and liver but also in blood with an average tumor-to-muscle ratio of 2. The prolonged radioactivity in blood circulation may open possibilities to the targeted delivery of the MSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Äärelä
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Tatsiana Auchynnikava
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University
of Turku, FI-20520 Turku Finland
| | - Putri Andriana
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Imran Iqbal
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jyrki Lehtimäki
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator
Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Salo
- Research
and Development, Orion Pharma, FI-20380 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, University
of Turku, FI-20520 Turku Finland
- Turku PET
Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Anu J. Airaksinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
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9
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Miner MWG, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Kärnä S, Viitanen R, Elo P, Gardberg M, Teuho J, Saipa P, Rajander J, Mansour HMA, Cleveland NA, Low PS, Li XG, Roivainen A. High folate receptor expression in gliomas can be detected in vivo using folate-based positron emission tomography with high tumor-to-brain uptake ratio divulging potential future targeting possibilities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145473. [PMID: 37275898 PMCID: PMC10232737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-invasive imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) are extremely important for cancer detection and characterization especially for difficult to biopsy or extremely delicate organs such as the brain. The folate analogue 1,4,7-triazacylononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-conjugated folate radiolabeled with aluminum fluoride-18 ([18F]FOL) has been previously shown to accumulate preferentially in tumor cells with an overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) and here was investigated for its ability to detect orthotopic gliomas in a rat model. In addition, we studied the expression of FRs in human glioblastoma samples to investigate if an analogous relationship may exist. Methods Nine BDIX rats were injected with BT4C rat glioma cells into the right hemisphere of the brain. Animals were imaged with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging at on days prior to PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Animals were divided into two groups, and were PET/CT imaged with either [18F]FOL or 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) on 19 and 32-days post glioma grafting. Two subjects were also PET/CT imaged with [18F]FOL on day 16. Biodistribution was studied and brains were cryosectioned for autoradiography, immunofluorescence, and histological studies. Patient-derived paraffin-embedded glioblastomas were sectioned and stained with similar methods. Results PET imaging showed an increase of [18F]FOL tumor-to-brain uptake ratio (TBR) over the study duration from day 16/19 (3.3 ± 0.9) increasing to 5.7 ± 1.0 by day 32. [18F]FDG PET-imaged rats had a consistent TBR of 1.6 ± 0.1 throughout the study. Ex vivo autoradiography results revealed an exceptionally high TBR of 116.1 ± 26.9 for [18F]FOL while the [18F]FDG values were significantly lower giving 2.9 ± 0.6 (P<0.0001). Immunostaining demonstrated an increased presence of FR-α in the BT4C gliomas versus the contralateral brain tissue, while FR-β was present only on glioma periphery. Human sections assayed showed similar FRs expression characteristics. Conclusion This study shows upregulation of FR-α inside glioma regions in both human and animal tissue, providing a biochemical basis for the observed increased [18F]FOL uptake in animal PET images. These results suggest that FRs targeting imaging and therapeutic compounds may possess clinically relevant translational abilities for the detection and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Petri Elo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Gardberg
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Piritta Saipa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nathan A. Cleveland
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Philip S. Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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10
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Örd T, Lönnberg T, Nurminen V, Ravindran A, Niskanen H, Kiema M, Õunap K, Maria M, Moreau PR, Mishra PP, Palani S, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Aavik E, Roivainen A, Ylä-Herttuala S, Laakkonen JP, Lehtimäki T, Kaikkonen MU. Dissecting the polygenic basis of atherosclerosis via disease-associated cell state signatures. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:722-740. [PMID: 37060905 PMCID: PMC10183377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a pandemic disease where up to half of the risk is explained by genetic factors. Advanced insights into the genetic basis of CAD require deeper understanding of the contributions of different cell types, molecular pathways, and genes to disease heritability. Here, we investigate the biological diversity of atherosclerosis-associated cell states and interrogate their contribution to the genetic risk of CAD by using single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of mouse and human lesions. We identified 12 disease-associated cell states that we characterized further by gene set functional profiling, ligand-receptor prediction, and transcription factor inference. Importantly, Vcam1+ smooth muscle cell state genes contributed most to SNP-based heritability of CAD. In line with this, genetic variants near smooth muscle cell state genes and regulatory elements explained the largest fraction of CAD-risk variance between individuals. Using this information for variant prioritization, we derived a hybrid polygenic risk score (PRS) that demonstrated improved performance over a classical PRS. Our results provide insights into the biological mechanisms associated with CAD risk, which could make a promising contribution to precision medicine and tailored therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku
| | - Valtteri Nurminen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika Kiema
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kadri Õunap
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maleeha Maria
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pierre R Moreau
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pashupati P Mishra
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Einari Aavik
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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11
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Sun L, Aarnio R, Herre EA, Kärnä S, Palani S, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Honkaniemi A, Oikonen V, Han C, Laurila S, Bucci M, Helin S, Yatkin E, Nummenmaa L, Nuutila P, Tang J, Roivainen A. [ 11C]carfentanil PET imaging for studying the peripheral opioid system in vivo: effect of photoperiod on mu-opioid receptor availability in brown adipose tissue. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:266-274. [PMID: 36166079 PMCID: PMC9816189 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Photoperiod determines the metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and affects the food intake and body mass of mammals. Sympathetic innervation of the BAT controls thermogenesis and facilitates physiological adaption to seasonal changes, but the exact mechanism remains elusive. Previous studies have shown that central opioid signaling regulates BAT thermogenesis, and that the expression of the brain mu-opioid receptor (MOR) varies seasonally. Therefore, it is important to know whether MOR expression in BAT shows seasonal variation. METHODS We determined the effect of photoperiod on BAT MOR availability using [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography (PET). Adult rats (n = 9) were repeatedly imaged under various photoperiods in order to simulate seasonal changes. RESULTS Long photoperiod was associated with low MOR expression in BAT (β = - 0.04, 95% confidence interval: - 0.07, - 0.01), but not in muscles. We confirmed the expression of MOR in BAT and muscle using immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION Photoperiod affects MOR availability in BAT. Sympathetic innervation of BAT may influence thermogenesis via the peripheral MOR system. The present study supports the utility of [11C]carfentanil PET to study the peripheral MOR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Richard Aarnio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Erika Atencio Herre
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Salli Kärnä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Aake Honkaniemi
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Marco Bucci
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
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12
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Moisio O, Virta J, Yatkin E, Liljenbäck H, Palani S, Viitanen R, Miner MWG, Oikonen V, Tolvanen T, Vugts DJ, Taimen P, Li XG, Hollmén M, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. Preclinical Evaluation of a Humanized Antibody Against Common Lymphatic Endothelial and Vascular Endothelial Receptor-1, 89Zr-Desferrioxamine-Bexmarilimab, in a Rabbit Model of Renal Fibrosis. J Nucl Med 2022; 64:555-560. [PMID: 36302655 PMCID: PMC10071790 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bexmarilimab is a new humanized monoclonal antibody against common lymphatic endothelial and vascular endothelial receptor-1 (CLEVER-1) and is in clinical trials for macrophage-guided cancer immunotherapy. In addition being associated with cancer, CLEVER-1 is also associated with fibrosis. To facilitate prospective human PET studies, we preclinically evaluated 89Zr-labeled bexmarilimab in rabbits. Methods: Bexmarilimab was conjugated with desferrioxamine (DFO) and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Retained immunoreactivity was confirmed by flow cytometry. The distribution kinetics of intravenously administered 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab (0.1 mg/kg) were determined for up to 7 d in a rabbit model of renal fibrosis mediated by unilateral ureteric obstruction. The in vivo stability of 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in combination with autoradiography. Additionally, we estimated the human radiation dose from data obtained in healthy rabbits. Results: 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab cleared rapidly from the blood circulation and distributed to the liver and spleen. At 24 h after injection, PET/CT, ex vivo γ-counting, and autoradiography demonstrated that there was significantly higher 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab uptake in unilateral ureteric obstruction-operated fibrotic renal cortex, characterized by abundant CLEVER-1-positive cells, than in contralateral or healthy kidneys. The estimated effective dose for a 70-kg human was 0.70 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: The characteristics of 89Zr-DFO-bexmarilimab support future human PET studies to, for example, stratify patients for bexmarilimab treatment, evaluate the efficacy of treatment, or monitor disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Maija Hollmén
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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13
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Andriana P, Lijenback H, Iqbal I, Palani S, Makrypidi K, Virta J, Herre EA, Jalkanen S, Knuuti J, Pirmettis I, Li XG, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Exploring macrophage mannose receptor expression after myocardial infarction by Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM positron emission tomography. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Mannose receptor (CD206) is primarily expressed on the surface of alternatively activated macrophages that are involved in resolution of inflammation after myocardial injury [1]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mannose receptor targeting positron emission tomography (PET) tracer Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM consisting of dextran backbone with cysteine-mannose moieties for imaging of experimental acute myocardial infarction (MI) [2].
Methods
First, ALEXA-488 fluorophore-labelled DCM was used for specificity studies using flow cytometry of M1 and M2 polarized macrophages derived from human blood monocytes. Secondly, Sprague-Dawley rats were studied on day 3 and day 7 after permanent ligation of left coronary artery or after sham-operation. [18F]FDG PET (35 MBq, 10 min static scan) was performed to visualize myocardium and on the next day, 60 min dynamic PET was performed after injection of 50 MBq of Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM. Then, rats were euthanized for biodistribution study by gamma counting followed by digital autoradiography and histology (H&E, CD206 staining) of left ventricle cryosections. In vitro Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM blocking study was performed on left ventricle cryosection with molar excess of unlabelled DCM.
Results
Flow cytometry confirmed that ALEXA-488-DCM bound specifically to M2 macrophages. In rats, the infarcted area was clearly detected in vivo with Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM PET and its SUV was significantly higher than that of remote area or myocardium of sham-operated rats both on day 3 (SUV 0.78±0.18 vs. 0.47±0.13 vs. 0.43±0.07, p<0.005) and day 7 post-MI (SUV 0.64±0.10 vs. 0.47±0.12 vs. 0.51±0.07, p<0.05). Autoradiography confirmed increased uptake in the infarcted area compared to the remote area or to the myocardium of sham-operated rats on day 3 (PSL/mm2 141.21±46.06 vs. 49.76±20.37 vs. 57.97±6.77, p<0.005) and day 7 (PSL/mm2 139.22±19.44 vs. 55.38±28.83 vs. 60.83±7.63, p<0.0001). In vitro blocking study indicated that the tracer binding in infarcted area was specific. The area-% of CD206-positive staining in the infarcted area was significantly higher on day 3 post-MI than on day 7 (p<0.05), and higher at both time points than in remote area or myocardium of sham-operated rats (p<0.0001). Area-% of CD206 staining in the MI area positively correlated with Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM uptake and MI size (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively).
Conclusions
Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM PET detects overexpression of mannose receptor after ischemic myocardial injury and may be a suitable biomarker for early detection of the inflammation resolution process after MI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Jane and Aatos Erkko FoundationSigrid Juselius FoundationFInnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
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Affiliation(s)
- P Andriana
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - H Lijenback
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre, Turku Center for Disease Modeling , Turku , Finland
| | - I Iqbal
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - S Palani
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - K Makrypidi
- NCSR “Demokritos”, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety , Athens , Greece
| | - J Virta
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - E A Herre
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - S Jalkanen
- University of Turku, MediCity Research Laboratory, InFLAMES Research Flagship Center , Turku , Finland
| | - J Knuuti
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre, InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku University Hospital , Turku , Finland
| | - I Pirmettis
- NCSR “Demokritos”, Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Science and Technology, Energy and Safety , Athens , Greece
| | - X G Li
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre, Department of Chemistry , Turku , Finland
| | - A Saraste
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre, Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku , Finland
| | - A Roivainen
- University of Turku, Turku PET Centre, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, InFLAMES Research Flagship Center , Turku , Finland
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14
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Nammas W, Paunonen C, Teuho J, Luoto P, Kakela M, Hietanen A, Viljanen T, Li XG, Roivainen A, Knuuti J, Saraste A. Molecular imaging of alphaVbeta3 integrin for evaluation of myocardial injury after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
68Ga-NODAGA-RGD is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer targeting αvβ3 integrin that is upregulated during angiogenesis. αvβ3 integrin expression increases early after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and has been proposed as a marker of myocardial repair.
Purpose
We prospectively evaluated the uptake of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD and its association to left ventricular function after human AMI.
Methods
Thirty patients underwent PET at 7.7±3.8 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation AMI. Resting myocardial perfusion was evaluated using 15O-water PET followed by evaluation of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake 60–75 minutes after injection of 179 MBq of tracer. Left ventricular function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography on the day of PET, and at 6-month follow-up. The definition of the ischemic area at risk and remote myocardial segments was based on the culprit coronary arterial segments in invasive angiography. 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD images were co-registered with perfusion images and uptake was measured as the standardized uptake value in the segment with the highest uptake (SUVmax) in ischemic area at risk, and the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean) in remote segments. In addition, we calculated 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake corrected to the mean myocardial blood flow (MBF) in the area at risk (SUVmax/MBFmean) to account for reduced distribution of tracer in non-viable tissue.
Results
Mean age of patients was 64±9 years, and 90% were males. Uptake of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD was low in the remote myocardium, but focally increased in the ischemic area at risk (Figure 1). SUVmax in the ischemic area at risk was higher than SUVmean of the remote myocardium (0.73±0.16 vs. 0.51±0.11, p<0.001). 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD SUVmax did not correlate with MBF in the area at risk. Univariable predictors of 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD SUVmax in the area at risk included peak Troponin T (p<0.001), peak pro-BNP (p<0.001), low global longitudinal strain (p=0.01), and low regional longitudinal strain in the area at risk (p=0.02). In multivariable analysis, peak pro-BNP independently predicted SUVmax in the area at risk (p<0.001). At follow-up, left ventricular ejection fraction increased by 1.6±6.9% and global longitudinal strain by 0.5±3.2%. In univariable analysis, SUVmax and SUVmax/MBFmean in the area at risk predicted improvement of global longitudinal strain at 6 months after AMI (p=0.04 and p<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
68Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake shows increased αvβ3 integrin expression in the ischemic area at risk early after reperfused AMI that is associated with the extent of myocardial injury, both regional and global systolic dysfunction, and increased left ventricular filling pressure. Increased 68Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake in ischemic myocardium at risk predicts left ventricular function improvement at 6 months after AMI.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Academy of Finland, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nammas
- Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | | | - J Teuho
- Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - P Luoto
- Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - M Kakela
- Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | | | | | - X G Li
- Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | | | - J Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | - A Saraste
- Turku University Hospital, Heart Center , Turku , Finland
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15
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Otaru S, Paulus A, Imlimthan S, Kuurne I, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Tolvanen T, Auchynnikava T, Roivainen A, Helariutta K, Sarparanta M, Airaksinen AJ. Development of [ 18F]AmBF 3 Tetrazine for Radiolabeling of Peptides: Preclinical Evaluation and PET Imaging of [ 18F]AmBF 3-PEG 7-Tyr 3-Octreotide in an AR42J Pancreatic Carcinoma Model. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1393-1404. [PMID: 35709482 PMCID: PMC9305971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabeled peptides have emerged as highly specific agents for targeting receptors expressed in tumors for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Peptides developed for positron emission tomography (PET) are typically radiolabeled using prosthetic groups or bifunctional chelators for fast "kit-like" incorporation of the radionuclide into the structure. A novel [18F]alkylammoniomethyltrifluoroborate ([18F]AmBF3) tetrazine (Tz), [18F]AmBF3-Tz, was developed for the [18F]fluorination of trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-modified biomolecules using Tyr3-octreotides (TOCs) as model peptides. [18F]AmBF3-Tz (Am = 15.4 ± 9.2 GBq/μmol, n = 14) was evaluated in healthy mice by ex vivo biodistribution and PET/computed tomography (CT), where the radiolabel in the prosthetic group was found stable in vivo, indicated by the low bone uptake in tibia (0.4 ± 0.1% ID/g, t = 270 min). TCO-TOCs tailored with polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers were radiolabeled with [18F]AmBF3-Tz, forming two new tracers, [18F]AmBF3-PEG4-TOC (Am = 2.8 ± 1.8 GBq/μmol, n = 3) and [18F]AmBF3-PEG7-TOC (Am of 6.0 ± 3.4 GBq/μmol, n = 13), which were evaluated by cell uptake studies and ex vivo biodistribution in subcutaneous AR42J rat pancreatic carcinoma tumor-bearing nude mice. The tracer demonstrating superior behavior ex vivo, the [18F]AmBF3-PEG7-TOC, was further evaluated with PET/CT, where the tracer provided clear tumor visualization (SUVbaseline = 1.01 ± 0.07, vs SUVblocked = 0.76 ± 0.04) at 25 min post injection. The novel AmBF3-Tz demonstrated that it offers potential as a prosthetic group for rapid radiolabeling of biomolecules in mild conditions using bioorthogonal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Otaru
- Radiochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Paulus
- Radiochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Surachet Imlimthan
- Radiochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iida Kuurne
- Radiochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Tatsiana Auchynnikava
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku
Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Kerttuli Helariutta
- Radiochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mirkka Sarparanta
- Radiochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu J. Airaksinen
- Radiochemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Turku
PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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16
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Viitanen R, Virtanen H, Liljenbäck H, Moisio O, Li XG, Nicolini V, Richard M, Klein C, Nayak T, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 Detects Pharmacodynamic Changes of FAP-Targeted IL2 Variant Immunotherapy in B16-FAP Melanoma Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901693. [PMID: 35874707 PMCID: PMC9298541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an inflammation-inducible adhesion molecule, which supports contact between leukocytes and inflamed endothelium. There is evidence that VAP-1 is involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to melanoma tumors. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-based immunotherapy is an efficient therapy that promotes immune system activity against cancers but is associated with toxicity. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of PET/CT imaging using the radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, which is targeted to VAP-1, to monitor pharmacodynamic effects of a novel FAP-IL2v immunocytokine (a genetically engineered variant of IL-2 fused with fibroblast activation protein) in the B16-FAP melanoma model. At 9 days after the inoculation of B16-FAP melanoma cells, mice were studied with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT as a baseline measurement. Immediately after baseline imaging, mice were treated with FAP-IL2v or vehicle, and treatment was repeated 3 days later. Subsequent PET/CT imaging was performed 3, 5, and 7 days after baseline imaging. In addition to in vivo PET imaging, ex vivo autoradiography, histology, and immunofluorescence staining were performed on excised tumors. B16-FAP tumors were clearly detected with [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 PET/CT during the follow-up period, without differences in tumor volume between FAP-IL2v-treated and vehicle-treated groups. Tumor-to-muscle uptake of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was significantly higher in the FAP-IL2v-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group 7 days after baseline imaging, and this was confirmed by tumor autoradiography analysis. FAP-IL2v treatment did not affect VAP-1 expression on the tumor vasculature. However, FAP-IL2v treatment increased the number of CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells in tumors. The present study showed that [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 can detect B16-FAP tumors and allows monitoring of FAP-IL2v treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Valeria Nicolini
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Marine Richard
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Tapan Nayak
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen,
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17
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Thanigai Arasu U, Ord T, Liikkanen J, Kettunen S, Lonnberg T, Palani S, Yla-Herttuala S, Roivainen A, Kaikkonen MU. Single cell profiling of adipose tissue in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac066.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Academy of Finland
Sigrid Jusélius Foundation
Adipose tissue influences the physiological and pathological processes in our body by regulating lipid storage and metabolic homeostasis. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic and complex assemblage consisting of polysaccharides, proteogylcans and signalling proteins. Though both adipocytes and non- adipose cells of the stromal fraction contribute to ECM maintenance, role of adipose tissue ECM in the disease remains poorly characterised. High fat diet (HFD) and obesity represent major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Our overall aim in this study was to understand HFD induced changes in the adipose tissue during atherosclerosis progression using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), to identify the ligands responsible for changes in the expression of ECM components and to characterise the role of ECM protein fibrillin in disease associated tissue changes.
We performed scRNA-seq in the adipose tissue of control mice and atherosclerotic LDLR-/- / ApoB100/100 subjected to 1 (early disease) or 3 months (advanced disease) of HFD. This allowed us to identify 13 different cell types in the adipose tissue of the diseased mice. Among them, we identified mesenchymal cells (MSC) undergoing changes from putatively adipogenic to fibrogenic cells. The differentially expressed genes in the MSC population exhibited functions related to ECM development, maintenance and signalling. We identified Fibrillin-1 (Fbn1) as one of the most prominent up regulated genes and studied the effect of Fbn1 knockout in ApoE-/- Fbn1C1039G+/- mice. The Fbn1 knockout mice model suited our experimental design to study the adipose tissue during atherosclerosis as the mice developed significantly large and unstable plaques characterised by large necrotic core. Our results demonstrated that adipose tissue expresses a new subtype with HFD in Fbn1 knockout mice, which could be associated with insulin resistance and fat accumulation. Fbn1 knockout led to an altered phenotype of MSCs (or adipocytes) in adipose tissue.
Altogether, our analysis provides the first steps toward understanding the role of MSCs in ECM-related changes during atherosclerosis and HFD stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Ord
- University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - J Liikkanen
- University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - S Kettunen
- University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
| | - T Lonnberg
- University of Turku, Turku Centre for Biotechnology , Turku , Finland
| | - S Palani
- Turku PET Centre , Turku , Finland
| | | | | | - MU Kaikkonen
- University of Eastern Finland , Kuopio , Finland
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18
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Palani S, Miner MWG, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Örd T, Ravindran A, Kaikkonen MU, Knuuti J, Li XG, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Corrigendum: Exploiting Glutamine Consumption in Atherosclerotic Lesions by Positron Emission Tomography Tracer (2 S,4 R)-4- 18F-Fluoroglutamine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902544. [PMID: 35493509 PMCID: PMC9040374 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821423.].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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19
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Andriana P, Palani S, Fair-Mäkelä R, Makrypidi K, Liljenbäck H, Kärnä S, Salmi M, Pirmettis I, Saraste A, Li XG, Roivainen A. Radiosynthesis of new PET tracer targeting macrophage mannose receptor. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Auchynnikava T, Äärelä A, Moisio O, Liljenbäck H, Andriana P, Iqbal I, Li XG, Virta P, Roivainen A, Airaksinen A. Radiolabeling and biological evaluation of functionalized spherical nucleic acids. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Dillemuth P, Auchynnikava T, Ayo A, Kärnä S, Miner M, Liljenbäck H, Lopéz-Picón F, Roivainen A, Laakkonen P, Airaksinen A, Li XG. Radiosynthesis and biological evaluation of [18F]CooP: a brain-homing peptide for imaging glioblastomas using positron emission tomography. Nucl Med Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(22)00082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Suilamo S, Li XG, Lankinen P, Oikonen V, Tolvanen T, Luoto P, Viitanen R, Saraste A, Seppänen M, Pirilä L, Hohenthal U, Roivainen A. 68Ga-Citrate Positron Emission Tomography of Healthy Men: Whole-Body Biodistribution Kinetics and Radiation Dose Estimates. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:1598-1603. [PMID: 35273093 PMCID: PMC9536698 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.263884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
68Ga-citrate has one of the simplest chemical structures of all 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals, and its clinical use is justified by the proven medical applications using its isotope-labeled compound 67Ga-citrate. To support broader application of 68Ga-citrate in medical diagnosis, further research is needed to gain clinical data from healthy volunteers. In this work, we studied the biodistribution of 68Ga-citrate and subsequent radiation exposure from it in healthy males. Methods: 68Ga-citrate was prepared with an acetone-based radiolabeling procedure compliant with Good Manufacturing Practices. Six healthy males (age 41 ± 12 years, mean ± SD) underwent sequential whole-body PET/CT scans after an injection of 204 ± 8 MBq of 68Ga-citrate. Serial arterialized venous blood samples were collected during PET imaging and the radioactivity concentration was measured with a gamma counter. Urinary voids were collected and measured. The Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) bladder-voiding model with a 3.5 hour voiding interval was used. A model using a 70 kg adult male and MIRD schema was used to estimate absorbed doses in target organs and effective doses. Calculations were performed using OLINDA/EXM 2.0 software. Results: Radioactivity clearance from the blood was slow, and relatively high radioactivity concentrations were observed over the whole of the 3 hour measuring period. Although radioactivity excretion via urine was rather slow (biological half-time, 69 ± 24 hours), the highest decay-corrected concentrations in urinary bladder contents were measured at 90 and 180 minute time points. Moderate concentrations were also seen in kidneys, liver, and spleen. The source organs showing the largest residence times were muscle, liver, lung, and heart contents. The heart wall received the highest absorbed dose of 0.077 ± 0.008 mSv/MBq. The mean effective dose (ICRP 103) was 0.021 ± 0.001 mSv/MBq. Conclusion: PET imaging with 68Ga-citrate is associated with modest radiation exposure. A 200 MBq injection of 68Ga-citrate results in an effective radiation dose of 4.2 mSv, which is in the same range as other 68Ga-labeled tracers. This suggests the feasibility of clinical studies using 68Ga-citrate imaging in humans and the possibility of performing multiple scans in the same subjects across the course of a year.
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23
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Palani S, Miner MWG, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Örd T, Ravindran A, Kaikkonen MU, Knuuti J, Li XG, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Exploiting Glutamine Consumption in Atherosclerotic Lesions by Positron Emission Tomography Tracer (2S,4R)-4-18F-Fluoroglutamine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:821423. [PMID: 35145523 PMCID: PMC8822173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.821423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glutamine metabolism by macrophages is associated with development of atherosclerotic lesions. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with a glutamine analog (2S,4R)-4-18F-fluoroglutamine (18F-FGln) allows quantification of glutamine consumption in vivo. Here, we investigated uptake of 18F-FGln by atherosclerotic lesions in mice and compared the results with those obtained using the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG). Uptake of 18F-FGln and 18F-FDG by healthy control mice (C57BL/6JRj) and atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR−/−ApoB100/100) was investigated. The mice were injected intravenously with 18F-FGln or 18F-FDG for in vivo PET/CT imaging. After sacrifice at 70 minutes post-injection, tracer uptake was analyzed by gamma counting of excised tissues and by autoradiography of aorta cryosections, together with histological and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that myocardial uptake of 18F-FGln was low. PET/CT detected lesions in the aortic arch, with a target-to-background ratio (SUVmax, aortic arch/SUVmean, blood) of 1.95 ± 0.42 (mean ± standard deviation). Gamma counting revealed that aortic uptake of 18F-FGln by LDLR−/−ApoB100/100 mice (standardized uptake value [SUV], 0.35 ± 0.06) was significantly higher than that by healthy controls (0.20 ± 0.08, P = 0.03). More detailed analysis by autoradiography revealed that the plaque-to-healthy vessel wall ratio of 18F-FGln (2.90 ± 0.42) was significantly higher than that of 18F-FDG (1.93 ± 0.22, P = 0.004). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that 18F-FGln uptake in plaques co-localized with glutamine transporter SLC7A7-positive macrophages. Collectively these data show that the 18F-FGln PET tracer detects inflamed atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, exploiting glutamine consumption using 18F-FGln PET may have translational relevance for studying atherosclerotic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Palani
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
| | | | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiit Örd
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aarthi Ravindran
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U. Kaikkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Anne Roivainen, ; Senthil Palani,
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Jahandideh A, Ståhle M, Virta J, Li XG, Liljenbäck H, Moisio O, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A. Evaluation of [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD for PET Imaging of Rat Autoimmune Myocarditis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:783596. [PMID: 34977085 PMCID: PMC8714834 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.783596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 68Gallium-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1-glutaric acid-4,7-diacetic acid conjugated radiolabelled arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide ([68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer binding to cell surface receptor αvβ3 integrin that is upregulated during angiogenesis and inflammation. We studied whether αvβ3 targeting PET imaging can detect myocardial inflammation in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis. To induce myocarditis, rats (n = 8) were immunized with porcine cardiac myosin in complete Freund's adjuvant on days 0 and 7. Control rats (n = 8) received Freund's adjuvant alone. On day 21, in vivo PET/CT imaging with [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD followed by ex vivo autoradiography and immunohistochemistry were carried out. Inflammatory lesions were detected histologically in the myocardium of 7 out of 8 immunized rats. In vivo PET images showed higher [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD accumulation in the myocardium of rats with inflammation than the non-inflamed myocardium of control rats (SUVmean 0.4 ± 0.1 vs. 0.1 ± 0.02; P = 0.00006). Ex vivo autoradiography and histology confirmed that [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD uptake co-localized with inflammatory lesions containing αvβ3 integrin-positive capillary-like structures. A non-specific [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(RGE)2 tracer showed 76% lower uptake than [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD in the inflamed myocardium. Our results indicate that αvβ3 integrin-targeting [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD is a potential PET tracer for the specific detection of active inflammatory lesions in autoimmune myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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25
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Li XG, Velikyan I, Viitanen R, Roivainen A. PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging inflammatory diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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26
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Signore A, Conserva M, Varani M, Galli F, Lauri C, Velikyan I, Roivainen A. PET imaging of bacteria. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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27
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Salomäki SP, Saraste A, Kemppainen J, Hurme S, Knuuti J, Nuutila P, Seppänen M, Roivainen A, Airaksinen J, Salo T, Oksi J, Pirilä L, Hohenthal U. 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography of cardiac implantable electronic device infections. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:2992-3003. [PMID: 32737839 PMCID: PMC8709812 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is challenging because of its variable presentations. We studied the value of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the detection of CIED infection. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty patients with suspected CIED infection underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT. The control group was ten patients with asymptomatic CIED who underwent cancer-related 18F-FDG-PET/CT. 18F-FDG-PET/CT was evaluated visually, semiquantitatively as maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and target-to-background ratio (TBR). Final diagnosis of CIED infection was based on clinical and bacteriological data. 18F-FDG-PET/CT was visually positive in all 9 patients with recent (≤ 8 weeks) implantation of CIED, but only 4 had confirmed CIED infection. 18F-FDG-PET/CT was true positive in 9 out of 21 cases with remote implantation of CIED and false positive in 3 (14.3%) cases. 18F-FDG-PET/CT was also false positive in 3 (30%) cases of control group. The SUVmax of the pocket area was significantly higher in patients with CIED infection than in the control group (4.8 ± 2.4 vs 2.0 ± .8, P < .001). By using the cut-off value of TBR ≥ 1.8, sensitivity of 18F-FDG-PET/CT for the diagnosis of CIED infection in patients with remote implantation was 90% and specificity 73%, PPV 75%, and NPV 89%. CONCLUSIONS 18F-FDG-PET/CT is a sensitive but nonspecific method in the diagnosis of CIED infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University HospitalTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Saija Hurme
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Seppänen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University HospitalTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Airaksinen
- Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Salo
- Heart Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Oksi
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pirilä
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ulla Hohenthal
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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28
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Miner MWG, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Helin S, Eskola O, Elo P, Teuho J, Seppälä K, Oikonen V, Yang G, Kindler-Röhrborn A, Minn H, Li XG, Roivainen A. Comparison of: (2 S,4 R)-4-[ 18F]Fluoroglutamine, [ 11C]Methionine, and 2-Deoxy-2-[ 18F]Fluoro- D-Glucose and Two Small-Animal PET/CT Systems Imaging Rat Gliomas. Front Oncol 2021; 11:730358. [PMID: 34692505 PMCID: PMC8530378 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.730358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The three positron emission tomography (PET) imaging compounds: (2S,4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln), L-[methyl-11C]Methionine ([11C]Met), and 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) were investigated to contrast their ability to image orthotopic BT4C gliomas in BDIX rats. Two separate small animal imaging systems were compared for their tumor detection potential. Dynamic acquisition of [18F]FGln was evaluated with multiple pharmacokinetic models for future quantitative comparison. Procedures Up to four imaging studies were performed on each orthotopically grafted BT4C glioma-bearing BDIX rat subject (n = 16) on four consecutive days. First, a DOTAREM® contrast enhanced MRI followed by attenuation correction CT and dynamic PET imaging with each radiopharmaceutical (20 min [11C]Met, 60 min [18F]FDG, and 60 min [18F]FGln with either the Molecubes PET/CT (n = 5) or Inveon PET/CT cameras (n = 11). Ex vivo brain autoradiography was completed for each radiopharmaceutical and [18F]FGln pharmacokinetics were studied by injecting 40 MBq into healthy BDIX rats (n = 10) and collecting blood samples between 5 and 60 min. Erythrocyte uptake, plasma protein binding and plasma parent-fraction were combined to estimate the total blood bioavailability of [18F]FGln over time. The corrected PET-image blood data was then applied to multiple pharmacokinetic models. Results Average BT4C tumor-to-healthy brain tissue uptake ratios (TBR) for PET images reached maxima of: [18F]FGln TBR: 1.99 ± 0.19 (n = 13), [18F]FDG TBR: 1.41 ± 0.11 (n = 6), and [11C]Met TBR: 1.08 ± 0.08, (n = 12) for the dynamic PET images. Pharmacokinetic modeling in dynamic [18F]FGln studies suggested both reversible and irreversible uptake play a similar role. Imaging with Inveon and Molecubes yielded similar end-result ratios with insignificant differences (p > 0.25). Conclusions In orthotopic BT4C gliomas, [18F]FGln may offer improved imaging versus [11C]Met and [18F]FDG. No significant difference in normalized end-result data was found between the Inveon and Molecubes camera systems. Kinetic modelling of [18F]FGln uptake suggests that both reversible and irreversible uptake play an important role in BDIX rat pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Petri Elo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kerttu Seppälä
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Guangli Yang
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrea Kindler-Röhrborn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heikki Minn
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Grönman M, Tarkia M, Stark C, Vähäsilta T, Kiviniemi T, Lubberink M, Halonen P, Kuivanen A, Saunavaara V, Tolvanen T, Teuho J, Teräs M, Savunen T, Pietilä M, Ylä-Herttuala S, Roivainen A, Knuuti J, Saraste A. Assessment of myocardial viability with [ 15O]water PET: A validation study in experimental myocardial infarction. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:1271-1280. [PMID: 31317328 PMCID: PMC8421281 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of myocardial viability is often needed in patients with chest pain and reduced ejection fraction. We evaluated the performance of reduced resting MBF, perfusable tissue fraction (PTF), and perfusable tissue index (PTI) in the assessment of myocardial viability in a pig model of myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Pigs underwent resting [15O]water PET perfusion study 12 weeks after surgical (n = 16) or 2 weeks after catheter-based (n = 4) occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. MBF, PTF, and PTI were compared with volume fraction of MI in matched segments as assessed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining of LV slices. MBF and PTF were lower in infarcted than non-infarcted segments. Segmental analysis of MBF showed similar area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85, 0.86, and 0.90 with relative MBF, PTF, and PTI for the detection of viable myocardium defined as infarct volume fraction of < 75%. Cut-off values of relative MBF of ≥ 67% and PTF of ≥ 66% resulted in accuracies of 90% and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that resting MBF, PTF, and PTI based on [15O]water PET perfusion imaging are useful for the assessment of myocardial viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grönman
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miikka Tarkia
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Stark
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Vähäsilta
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomas Kiviniemi
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark Lubberink
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paavo Halonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti Kuivanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virva Saunavaara
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Teräs
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Savunen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Pietilä
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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30
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Nurminen V, Örd T, Õunap K, Niskanen H, Palani S, Lonnberg T, Roivainen A, Kaikkonen M. Factors driving endothelial cell state changes in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Arasu U, Örd T, Liikkanen J, Kettunen S, Lonnberg T, Palani S, Ylä-Herttuala S, Roivainen A, Kaikkonen M. Adipose tissue exposed to high fat diet affects extracellular matrix genes in the mesenchymal stem cell population. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Palani S, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Miner M, Li X, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Exploiting glutamine consumption in inflamed atherosclerotic lesions by positron emission tomography tracer (2S, 4R)-4-[18F]Fluoroglutamine. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Merisaari H, Laakso H, Liljenbäck H, Virtanen H, Aronen HJ, Minn H, Poutanen M, Roivainen A, Liimatainen T, Jambor I. Statistical Evaluation of Different Mathematical Models for Diffusion Weighted Imaging of Prostate Cancer Xenografts in Mice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:583921. [PMID: 34123770 PMCID: PMC8188898 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.583921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate fitting quality and repeatability of four mathematical models for diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) during tumor progression in mouse xenograft model of prostate cancer. Methods Human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) were implanted subcutaneously in right hind limbs of 11 immunodeficient mice. Tumor growth was followed by weekly DWI examinations using a 7T MR scanner. Additional DWI examination was performed after repositioning following the fourth DWI examination to evaluate short term repeatability. DWI was performed using 15 and 12 b-values in the ranges of 0-500 and 0-2000 s/mm2, respectively. Corrected Akaike information criteria and F-ratio were used to evaluate fitting quality of each model (mono-exponential, stretched exponential, kurtosis, and bi-exponential). Results Significant changes were observed in DWI data during the tumor growth, indicated by ADCm, ADCs, and ADCk. Similar results were obtained using low as well as high b-values. No marked changes in model preference were present between the weeks 1−4. The parameters of the mono-exponential, stretched exponential, and kurtosis models had smaller confidence interval and coefficient of repeatability values than the parameters of the bi-exponential model. Conclusion Stretched exponential and kurtosis models showed better fit to DWI data than the mono-exponential model and presented with good repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Merisaari
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hanne Laakso
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu J Aronen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Minn
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Clinical Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ivan Jambor
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Gulumkar V, Äärelä A, Moisio O, Rahkila J, Tähtinen V, Leimu L, Korsoff N, Korhonen H, Poijärvi-Virta P, Mikkola S, Nesati V, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E, Viitala T, Yliperttula M, Roivainen A, Virta P. Controlled Monofunctionalization of Molecular Spherical Nucleic Acids on a Buckminster Fullerene Core. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1130-1138. [PMID: 33998229 PMCID: PMC8382215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An azide-functionalized
12-armed Buckminster fullerene has been
monosubstituted in organic media with a substoichiometric amount of
cyclooctyne-modified oligonucleotides. Exposing the intermediate products
then to the same reaction (i.e., strain-promoted alkyne–azide
cycloaddition, SPAAC) with an excess of slightly different oligonucleotide
constituents in an aqueous medium yields molecularly defined monofunctionalized
spherical nucleic acids (SNAs). This procedure offers a controlled
synthesis scheme in which one oligonucleotide arm can be functionalized
with labels or other conjugate groups (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic
acid, DOTA, and Alexa-488 demonstrated), whereas the rest of the 11
arms can be left unmodified or modified by other conjugate groups
in order to decorate the SNAs’ outer sphere. Extra attention
has been paid to the homogeneity and authenticity of the C60-azide scaffold used for the assembly of full-armed SNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Gulumkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Äärelä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jani Rahkila
- Instrument Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20500 Åbo, Finland
| | - Ville Tähtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Leimu
- Department of Biologics, Orion Pharma, 20101 Turku, Finland
| | - Niko Korsoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Korhonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Satu Mikkola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Victor Nesati
- Department of Biologics, Orion Pharma, 20101 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pasi Virta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.,Department of Biologics, Orion Pharma, 20101 Turku, Finland
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35
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Ståhle M, Hellberg S, Virta J, Liljenbäck H, Metsälä O, Li XG, Jauhiainen M, Saukko P, Ylä-Herttuala S, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A. Evaluation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression in nondiabetic and diabetic atherosclerotic mice using PET tracer 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E989-E998. [PMID: 33843281 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00465.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist therapies are potentially mediated by anti-inflammatory effects on atherosclerosis. Our study demonstrates that 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4, a radioligand specifically targeting GLP-1R, detects GLP-1R expression in inflamed atherosclerotic lesions in nondiabetic and diabetic hypercholesterolemic mice. Immunofluorescence staining suggests that GLP-1R is primarily localized in M2 macrophages in lesions. This study describes a new potential tool that may have translational relevance for studies of pharmacological modification of GLP-1R signaling in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Metsälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research and Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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36
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Auchynnikava T, Li XG, Liljenbäck H, Roivainen A, Airaksinen A. Biological evaluation of [18F]FDG-Tz as a tracer candidate for pretargeted PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(21)00380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Laakso H, Ylä-Herttuala E, Sierra A, Jambor I, Poutanen M, Liljenbäck H, Virtanen H, Merisaari H, Aronen H, Minn H, Roivainen A, Liimatainen T. Docetaxel chemotherapy response in PC3 prostate cancer mouse model detected by rotating frame relaxations and water diffusion. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4483. [PMID: 33543563 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MRI is a common method of prostate cancer diagnosis. Several MRI-derived markers, including the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) based on diffusion-weighted imaging, have been shown to provide values for prostate cancer detection and characterization. The hypothesis of the study was that docetaxel chemotherapy response could be picked up earlier with rotating frame relaxation times TRAFF2 and TRAFF4 than with the continuous wave T1ρ , adiabatic T1ρ , adiabatic T2ρ , T1 , T2 or water ADC. Human PC3 prostate cancer cells expressing a red fluorescent protein were implanted in 21 male mice. Docetaxel chemotherapy was given once a week starting 1 week after cell implantation for 10 randomly selected mice, while the rest served as a control group (n = 11). The MRI consisted of relaxation along a fictitious field (RAFF) in the second (RAFF2) and fourth (RAFF4) rotating frames, T1 and T2 , continuous wave T1ρ , adiabatic T1ρ and adiabatic T2ρ relaxation time measurements and water ADC. MRI was conducted at 7 T, once a week up to 4 weeks from cell implantation. The tumor volume was monitored using T2 -weighted MRI and optical imaging. The histology was evaluated after the last imaging time point. Significantly reduced RAFFn, T1ρ, T2ρ and conventional relaxation times 4 weeks after tumor implantation were observed in the treated tumors compared with the controls. The clearest short- and long-term responses were obtained with T1 , while no clear improvement in response to treatment was detected with novel methods compared with conventional methods or with RAFFn compared with all others. The tumor volume decreased after a two-week time point for the treated group and increased significantly in the control group, which was supported by increasing red fluorescent light emission in the control tumors. Decreased relaxation times were associated with successful chemotherapy outcomes. The results indicate altered relaxation mechanisms compared with higher dose chemotherapies previously published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Laakso
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elias Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alejandra Sierra
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ivan Jambor
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hannu Aronen
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Minn
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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38
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Elo P, Li XG, Liljenbäck H, Gardberg M, Moisio O, Miner M, Virta J, Saraste A, Srinivasarao M, Pugh M, Low PS, Knuuti J, Jalkanen S, Airas L, Lu YJ, Roivainen A. Efficacy and tolerability of folate-aminopterin therapy in a rat focal model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:30. [PMID: 33472663 PMCID: PMC7819223 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated macrophages in the experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS) express folate receptor-β (FR-β), representing a promising target for the treatment of MS. Here, we both evaluated the efficacy of a novel folate-aminopterin construct (EC2319) in a rat focal model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and investigated the utility of 68Ga-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-conjugated folate (68Ga-FOL) for assessing inflammatory lesions. In addition, we investigated whether FR-β is expressed in the brain of patients with MS. METHODS Focal delayed-type hypersensitivity experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (fDTH-EAE) was induced in 40 Lewis rats; 20 healthy Lewis rats were used as controls. Rats were divided into six groups according to the duration of disease (control, acute, or chronic) and intervention (vehicle versus EC2319). 68Ga-FOL analyses, histology, and immunofluorescence of the brain were performed to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneously administered EC2319 on lesion development. Immunofluorescence was used to assess FR-β expression in postmortem brain samples from 5 patients with MS and 5 healthy controls. RESULTS Immunofluorescence and histological analyses revealed significant reductions in FR-β expression (P < 0.05) and lesion size (P < 0.01), as well as improved inducible nitric oxide synthase/mannose receptor C type 1 ratios (P < 0.01) in macrophages and microglia during the chronic but not acute phase of fDTH-EAE in EC2319-treated rats. The uptake of IV-injected 68Ga-FOL in the brain was low and did not differ between the groups, but the in vitro binding of 68Ga-FOL was significantly lower in EC2319-treated rats (P < 0.01). FR-β positivity was observed in chronically active lesions and in normal-appearing white matter in MS brain samples. CONCLUSIONS EC2319 was well tolerated and attenuated inflammation and lesion development in a rat model of a chronic progressive form of MS. Human MS patients have FR-β-positive cells in chronically active plaques, which suggests that these results may have translational relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petri Elo
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Gardberg
- Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maxwell Miner
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Michael Pugh
- Endocyte, Inc., now part of Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Airas
- Department of Neurology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Yingjuan June Lu
- Endocyte, Inc., now part of Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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39
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Teuho J, Riehakainen L, Honkaniemi A, Moisio O, Han C, Tirri M, Liu S, Grönroos TJ, Liu J, Wan L, Liang X, Ling Y, Hua Y, Roivainen A, Knuuti J, Xie Q, Teräs M, D'Ascenzo N, Klén R. Evaluation of image quality with four positron emitters and three preclinical PET/CT systems. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:155. [PMID: 33301074 PMCID: PMC7728905 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the image quality of 11C, 68Ga, 18F and 89Zr, which have different positron fractions, physical half-lifes and positron ranges. Three small animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) systems were used in the evaluation, including the Siemens Inveon, RAYCAN X5 and Molecubes β-cube. The evaluation was performed on a single scanner level using the national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA) image quality phantom and analysis protocol. Acquisitions were performed with the standard NEMA protocol for 18F and using a radionuclide-specific acquisition time for 11C, 68Ga and 89Zr. Images were assessed using percent recovery coefficient (%RC), percentage standard deviation (%STD), image uniformity (%SD), spill-over ratio (SOR) and evaluation of image quantification.
Results 68Ga had the lowest %RC (< 62%) across all systems. 18F had the highest maximum %RC (> 85%) and lowest %STD for the 5 mm rod across all systems. For 11C and 89Zr, the maximum %RC was close (> 76%) to the %RC with 18F. A larger SOR were measured in water with 11C and 68Ga compared to 18F on all systems. SOR in air reflected image reconstruction and data correction performance. Large variation in image quantification was observed, with maximal errors of 22.73% (89Zr, Inveon), 17.54% (89Zr, RAYCAN) and − 14.87% (68Ga, Molecubes). Conclusions The systems performed most optimal in terms of NEMA image quality parameters when using 18F, where 11C and 89Zr performed slightly worse than 18F. The performance was least optimal when using 68Ga, due to large positron range. The large quantification differences prompt optimization not only by terms of image quality but also quantification. Further investigation should be performed to find an appropriate calibration and harmonization protocol and the evaluation should be conducted on a multi-scanner and multi-center level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmo Teuho
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | | | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Tirri
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Shihao Liu
- RaySolution Digital Medical Imaging Co., Ltd, Ezhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tove J Grönroos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wan
- School of Software Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqing Ling
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexuan Hua
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Qingguo Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S., Pozzilli, Italy.,Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mika Teräs
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nicola D'Ascenzo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED I.R.C.C.S., Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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40
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Ståhle M, Kytö V, Kiugel M, Liljenbäck H, Metsälä O, Käkelä M, Li XG, Oikonen V, Saukko P, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor expression after myocardial infarction: Imaging study using 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 positron emission tomography. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:2386-2397. [PMID: 30547299 PMCID: PMC7749060 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-01547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling protects against cardiac dysfunction and remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the study was to evaluate 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 positron emission tomography (PET) for assessment of GLP-1R expression after MI in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were studied at 3 days, 1 and 12 weeks after permanent coronary ligation or a sham-operation. Rats were injected with 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 and scanned with PET and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) followed by digital autoradiography and histology of left ventricle tissue sections. 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 PET/CT showed focally increased tracer uptake in the infarcted regions peaking at 3 days and continuing at 1 week after MI. Pre-treatment with an unlabeled exendin-4 peptide significantly reduced 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 uptake. By autoradiography, 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 uptake was 8.6-fold higher in the infarcted region and slightly increased also in the remote, non-infarcted myocardium at 1 week and 12 weeks post-MI compared with sham. Uptake of 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 correlated with the amount of CD68-positive macrophages in the infarcted area and alpha-smooth muscle actin staining in the remote myocardium. CONCLUSIONS 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 PET detects up-regulation of cardiac GLP-1R expression during healing of MI in rats and may provide information on the activated repair mechanisms after ischemic myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Kytö
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Max Kiugel
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Metsälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Meeri Käkelä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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41
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Sokolowska E, Viitanen R, Misiewicz Z, Mennesson M, Saarnio S, Kulesskaya N, Kängsep S, Liljenbäck H, Marjamäki P, Autio A, Callan SA, Nuutila P, Roivainen A, Partonen T, Hovatta I. The circadian gene Cryptochrome 2 influences stress-induced brain activity and depressive-like behavior in mice. Genes Brain Behav 2020; 20:e12708. [PMID: 33070440 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2) is a core clock gene important for circadian regulation. It has also been associated with anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in mice, but the previous findings have been conflicting in terms of the direction of the effect. To begin to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this association, we carried out behavioral testing, PET imaging, and gene expression analysis of Cry2-/- and Cry2+/+ mice. Compared to Cry2+/+ mice, we found that Cry2-/- mice spent less time immobile in the forced swim test, suggesting reduced despair-like behavior. Moreover, Cry2-/- mice had lower saccharin preference, indicative of increased anhedonia. In contrast, we observed no group differences in anxiety-like behavior. The behavioral changes were accompanied by lower metabolic activity of the ventro-medial hypothalamus, suprachiasmatic nuclei, ventral tegmental area, anterior and medial striatum, substantia nigra, and habenula after cold stress as measured by PET imaging with a glucose analog. Although the expression of many depression-associated and metabolic genes was upregulated or downregulated by cold stress, we observed no differences between Cry2-/- and Cry2+/+ mice. These findings are consistent with other studies showing that Cry2 is required for normal emotional behavior. Our findings confirm previous roles of Cry2 in behavior and extend them by showing that the effects on behavior may be mediated by changes in brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sokolowska
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Zuzanna Misiewicz
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie Mennesson
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Saarnio
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Kulesskaya
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna Kängsep
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Saija-Anita Callan
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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42
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Heikelä H, Ruohonen ST, Adam M, Viitanen R, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Gabriel M, Mairinoja L, Pessia A, Velagapudi V, Roivainen A, Zhang FP, Strauss L, Poutanen M. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 12 is essential for metabolic homeostasis in adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E494-E508. [PMID: 32691632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00042.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid 17β dehydrogenase 12 (HSD17B12) is suggested to be involved in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids. Previously, we have shown a pivotal role for the enzyme during mouse development. In the present study we generated a conditional Hsd17b12 knockout (HSD17B12cKO) mouse model by breeding mice homozygous for a floxed Hsd17b12 allele with mice expressing the tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase at the ROSA26 locus. Gene inactivation was induced by administering tamoxifen to adult mice. The gene inactivation led to a 20% loss of body weight within 6 days, associated with drastic reduction in both white (83% males, 75% females) and brown (65% males, 60% females) fat, likely due to markedly reduced food and water intake. Furthermore, the knockout mice showed sickness behavior and signs of liver toxicity, specifically microvesicular hepatic steatosis and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (4.6-fold in males, 7.7-fold in females). The hepatic changes were more pronounced in females than males. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, were increased in the HSD17B12cKO mice indicating an inflammatory response. Serum lipidomics study showed an increase in the amount of dihydroceramides, despite the dramatic overall loss of lipids. In line with the proposed role for HSD17B12 in fatty acid elongation, we observed accumulation of ceramides, dihydroceramides, hexosylceramides, and lactosylceramides with shorter than 18-carbon fatty acid side chains in the serum. The results indicate that HSD17B12 is essential for proper lipid homeostasis and HSD17B12 deficiency rapidly results in fatal systemic inflammation and lipolysis in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Heikelä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marion Adam
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Gabriel
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Mairinoja
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alberto Pessia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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43
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Viitanen R, Moisio O, Lankinen P, Li XG, Koivumäki M, Suilamo S, Tolvanen T, Taimen K, Mali M, Kohonen I, Koskivirta I, Oikonen V, Virtanen H, Santalahti K, Autio A, Saraste A, Pirilä L, Nuutila P, Knuuti J, Jalkanen S, Roivainen A. First-in-Humans Study of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, a PET Ligand Targeting Vascular Adhesion Protein 1. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:577-583. [PMID: 32817143 PMCID: PMC8049366 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.250696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid–binding immunoglubulinlike lectin 9 (Siglec-9) is a ligand of vascular adhesion protein 1. A 68Ga-labeled peptide of Siglec-9, 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, holds promise as a novel PET tracer for imaging of inflammation. This first-in-humans study investigated the safety, tolerability, biodistribution, and radiation dosimetry of this radiopharmaceutical. Methods: Six healthy men underwent dynamic whole-body PET/CT. Serial venous blood samples were drawn from 1 to 240 min after intravenous injection of 162 ± 4 MBq of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9. In addition to γ-counting, the plasma samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography to detect intact tracer and radioactive metabolites. Radiation doses were calculated using the OLINDA/EXM software, version 2.2. In addition, a patient with early rheumatoid arthritis was studied with both 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 and 18F-FDG PET/CT to determine the ability of the new tracer to detect arthritis. Results:68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was well tolerated by all subjects. 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was rapidly cleared from the blood circulation, and several radioactive metabolites were detected. The organs with the highest absorbed doses were the urinary bladder wall (0.38 mSv/MBq) and kidneys (0.054 mSv/MBq). The mean effective dose was 0.022 mSv/MBq (range, 0.020–0.024 mSv/MBq). Most importantly, however, 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was comparable to 18F-FDG in detecting arthritis. Conclusion: Intravenous injection of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was safe and biodistribution was favorable for testing of the tracer in larger group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as is planned for the next phase of clinical trials. The effective radiation dose of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was within the same range as the effective radiation doses of other 68Ga-labeled tracers. Injection of 150 MBq of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 would expose a subject to 3.3 mSv. These findings support the possible repeated clinical use of 68Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9, such as in trials to elucidate the treatment efficacy of novel drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olli Moisio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Petteri Lankinen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Sami Suilamo
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Tolvanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Taimen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Mali
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ia Kohonen
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilpo Koskivirta
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pirilä
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; and
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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44
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Saraste A, Ståhle M, Roivainen A. Evaluation of cardiac function by nuclear imaging in preclinical studies. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:1328-1330. [PMID: 31292849 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
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45
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Miner MW, Liljenbäck H, Virta J, Merisaari J, Oikonen V, Westermarck J, Li XG, Roivainen A. (2S, 4R)-4-[ 18F]Fluoroglutamine for In vivo PET Imaging of Glioma Xenografts in Mice: an Evaluation of Multiple Pharmacokinetic Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:969-978. [PMID: 31993927 PMCID: PMC7343746 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The glutamine analogue (2S, 4R)-4-[18F]fluoroglutamine ([18F]FGln) was investigated to further characterize its pharmacokinetics and acquire in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) images of separate orthotopic and subcutaneous glioma xenografts in mice. PROCEDURES [18F]FGln was synthesized at a high radiochemical purity as analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. An orthotopic model was created by injecting luciferase-expressing patient-derived BT3 glioma cells into the right hemisphere of BALB/cOlaHsd-Foxn1nu mouse brains (tumor growth monitored via in vivo bioluminescence), the subcutaneous model by injecting rat BT4C glioma cells into the flank and neck regions of Foxn1nu/nu mice. Dynamic PET images were acquired after injecting 10-12 MBq of the tracer into mouse tail veins. Animals were sacrificed 63 min after tracer injection, and ex vivo biodistributions were measured. Tumors and whole brains (with tumors) were cryosectioned, autoradiographed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. All images were analyzed with CARIMAS software. Blood sampling of 6 Foxn1nu/nu and 6 C57BL/6J mice was performed after 9-14 MBq of tracer was injected at time points between 5 and 60 min then assayed for erythrocyte uptake, plasma protein binding, and plasma parent-fraction of radioactivity to correct PET image-derived whole-blood radioactivity and apply the data to multiple pharmacokinetic models. RESULTS Orthotopic human glioma xenografts displayed PET image tumor-to-healthy brain region ratio of 3.6 and 4.8 while subcutaneously xenografted BT4C gliomas displayed (n = 12) a tumor-to-muscle (flank) ratio of 1.9 ± 0.7 (range 1.3-3.4). Using PET image-derived blood radioactivity corrected by population-based stability analyses, tumor uptake pharmacokinetics fit Logan and Yokoi modeling for reversible uptake. CONCLUSIONS The results reinforce that [18F]FGln has preferential uptake in glioma tissue versus that of corresponding healthy tissue and fits well with reversible uptake models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Wg Miner
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Joni Merisaari
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland.
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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46
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Autio A, Uotila S, Kiugel M, Kytö V, Liljenbäck H, Kudomi N, Oikonen V, Metsälä O, Helin S, Knuuti J, Saraste A, Roivainen A. 68Ga-DOTA chelate, a novel imaging agent for assessment of myocardial perfusion and infarction detection in a rodent model. J Nucl Cardiol 2020; 27:891-898. [PMID: 31144229 PMCID: PMC7326802 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with Gadolinium 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N',N″,N''',N″″-tetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA) enables assessment of myocardial perfusion during first-pass of the contrast agent, while increased retention can signify areas of myocardial infarction (MI). We studied whether Gallium-68-labeled analog, 68Ga-DOTA, can be used to assess myocardial perfusion on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in rats, comparing it with 11C-acetate. METHODS Rats were studied with 11C-acetate and 68Ga-DOTA at 24 hours after permanent ligation of the left coronary artery or sham operation. One-tissue compartmental models were used to estimate myocardial perfusion in normal and infarcted myocardium. After the PET scan, hearts were sectioned for autoradiographic detection of 68Ga-DOTA distribution. RESULTS 11C-acetate PET showed perfusion defects and histology showed myocardial necrosis in all animals after coronary ligation. Kinetic modeling of 68Ga-DOTA showed significantly higher k1 values in normal myocardium than in infarcted areas. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.82, P = 0.001) between k1 values obtained with 68Ga-DOTA and 11C-acetate. After 10 minutes of tracer distribution, the 68Ga-DOTA concentration was significantly higher in the infarcted than normal myocardium on PET imaging and autoradiography. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that acute MI can be detected as reduced perfusion, as well as increased late retention of 68Ga-DOTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Autio
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sauli Uotila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Max Kiugel
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Kytö
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nobuyuki Kudomi
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Metsälä
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Semi Helin
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20521 Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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47
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Jahandideh A, Uotila S, Ståhle M, Virta J, Li XG, Kytö V, Marjamäki P, Liljenbäck H, Taimen P, Oikonen V, Lehtonen J, Mäyränpää MI, Chen Q, Low PS, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A. Folate Receptor β-Targeted PET Imaging of Macrophages in Autoimmune Myocarditis. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1643-1649. [PMID: 32284397 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.241356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available imaging techniques have limited specificity for the detection of active myocardial inflammation. Aluminum 18F-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N″-triacetic acid conjugated folate (18F-FOL) is a PET tracer targeting folate receptor β (FR-β), which is expressed on activated macrophages at sites of inflammation. We evaluated 18F-FOL PET for the detection of myocardial inflammation in rats with autoimmune myocarditis and studied the expression of FR-β in human cardiac sarcoidosis specimens. Methods: Myocarditis was induced by immunizing rats (n = 18) with porcine cardiac myosin in complete Freund adjuvant. Control rats (n = 6) were injected with Freund adjuvant alone. 18F-FOL was intravenously injected, followed by imaging with a small-animal PET/CT scanner and autoradiography. Contrast-enhanced high-resolution CT or 18F-FDG PET images were used for coregistration. Rat tissue sections and myocardial autopsy samples from 6 patients with cardiac sarcoidosis were studied for macrophages and FR-β. Results: The myocardium of 10 of 18 immunized rats showed focal macrophage-rich inflammatory lesions, with FR-β expression occurring mainly in M1-polarized macrophages. PET images showed focal myocardial 18F-FOL uptake colocalizing with inflammatory lesions (SUVmean, 2.1 ± 1.1), whereas uptake in the remote myocardium of immunized rats and controls was low (SUVmean, 0.4 ± 0.2 and 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively; P < 0.01). Ex vivo autoradiography of tissue sections confirmed uptake of 18F-FOL in myocardial inflammatory lesions. Uptake of 18F-FOL in inflamed myocardium was efficiently blocked by a nonlabeled FR-β ligand folate glucosamine in vivo. The myocardium of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis showed many FR-β-positive macrophages in inflammatory lesions. Conclusion: In a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis, 18F-FOL shows specific uptake in inflamed myocardium containing macrophages expressing FR-β, which were also present in human cardiac sarcoid lesions. Imaging of FR-β expression is a potential approach for the detection of active myocardial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghavan Jahandideh
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sauli Uotila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jenni Virta
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Xiang-Guo Li
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Kytö
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Taimen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku and Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka Lehtonen
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko I Mäyränpää
- Pathology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Qingshou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland .,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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48
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Ståhle M, Silvola JMU, Hellberg S, de Vries M, Quax PHA, Kroon J, Rinne P, de Jong A, Liljenbäck H, Savisto N, Wickman A, Stroes ESG, Ylä-Herttuala S, Saukko P, Abrahamsson T, Pettersson K, Knuuti J, Roivainen A, Saraste A. Therapeutic Antibody Against Phosphorylcholine Preserves Coronary Function and Attenuates Vascular 18F-FDG Uptake in Atherosclerotic Mice. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2020; 5:360-373. [PMID: 32368695 PMCID: PMC7188869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine is a pro-inflammatory epitope in atherogenic oxidized phospholipids. This study investigated effects of a novel monoclonal IgG1 antibody against PC on vascular function and atherosclerotic inflammation. Treatment with phosphorylcholine antibody preserved coronary flow reserve and decreased uptake of 18F-FDG in atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic mice. Noninvasive imaging techniques represent translational tools to assess the efficacy of phosphorylcholine-targeted therapy on coronary artery function and atherosclerosis.
This study showed that treatment with a therapeutic monoclonal immunoglobulin-G1 antibody against phosphorylcholine on oxidized phospholipids preserves coronary flow reserve and attenuates atherosclerotic inflammation as determined by the uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in atherosclerotic mice. The noninvasive imaging techniques represent translational tools to assess the efficacy of phosphorylcholine-targeted therapy on coronary artery function and atherosclerosis in clinical studies.
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Key Words
- 18F-FDG, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
- 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- ApoB, apolipoprotein-B
- CFR, coronary flow reserve
- HAEC, human aortic endothelial cell
- ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- Lp(a), lipoprotein(a)
- NO, nitric oxide
- OxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- OxPLs, oxidized phospholipids
- PC, phosphorylcholine
- PC-mAb, human PC antibody
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- atherosclerosis
- coronary flow reserve
- inflammation
- phosphorylcholine
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Ståhle
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Margreet de Vries
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H A Quax
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petteri Rinne
- Research Center for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alwin de Jong
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Savisto
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Saukko
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Saraste
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Forsström S, Jackson CB, Carroll CJ, Kuronen M, Pirinen E, Pradhan S, Marmyleva A, Auranen M, Kleine IM, Khan NA, Roivainen A, Marjamäki P, Liljenbäck H, Wang L, Battersby BJ, Richter U, Velagapudi V, Nikkanen J, Euro L, Suomalainen A. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Drives Dynamics of Local and Systemic Stress Responses in Mitochondrial Myopathy with mtDNA Deletions. Cell Metab 2019; 30:1040-1054.e7. [PMID: 31523008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction elicits stress responses that safeguard cellular homeostasis against metabolic insults. Mitochondrial integrated stress response (ISRmt) is a major response to mitochondrial (mt)DNA expression stress (mtDNA maintenance, translation defects), but the knowledge of dynamics or interdependence of components is lacking. We report that in mitochondrial myopathy, ISRmt progresses in temporal stages and development from early to chronic and is regulated by autocrine and endocrine effects of FGF21, a metabolic hormone with pleiotropic effects. Initial disease signs induce transcriptional ISRmt (ATF5, mitochondrial one-carbon cycle, FGF21, and GDF15). The local progression to 2nd metabolic ISRmt stage (ATF3, ATF4, glucose uptake, serine biosynthesis, and transsulfuration) is FGF21 dependent. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response marks the 3rd ISRmt stage of failing tissue. Systemically, FGF21 drives weight loss and glucose preference, and modifies metabolism and respiratory chain deficiency in a specific hippocampal brain region. Our evidence indicates that FGF21 is a local and systemic messenger of mtDNA stress in mice and humans with mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Forsström
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher B Jackson
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christopher J Carroll
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London SW170RE, UK
| | - Mervi Kuronen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Pirinen
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Swagat Pradhan
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anastasiia Marmyleva
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Auranen
- Department of Neurosciences, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iida-Marja Kleine
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nahid A Khan
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Uwe Richter
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joni Nikkanen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liliya Euro
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurosciences, Helsinki University Central Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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50
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Jødal L, Roivainen A, Oikonen V, Jalkanen S, Hansen SB, Afzelius P, Alstrup AKO, Nielsen OL, Jensen SB. Kinetic Modelling of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in Porcine Osteomyelitis and Soft Tissue Infections. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224094. [PMID: 31766140 PMCID: PMC6891593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 is a positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), a protein involved in leukocyte trafficking. The tracer facilitates the imaging of inflammation and infection. Here, we studied the pharmacokinetic modelling of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in osteomyelitis and soft tissue infections in pigs. METHODS Eight pigs with osteomyelitis and soft tissue infections in the right hind limb were dynamically PET scanned for 60 min along with arterial blood sampling. The fraction of radioactivity in the blood accounted for by the parent tracer was evaluated with radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. One- and two-tissue compartment models were used for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Post-mortem soft tissue samples from one pig were analysed with anti-VAP-1 immunofluorescence. In each analysis, the animal's non-infected left hind limb was used as a control. RESULTS Tracer uptake was elevated in soft tissue infections but remained low in osteomyelitis. The kinetics of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 followed a reversible 2-tissue compartment model. The tracer metabolized quickly; however, taking this into account, produced more ambiguous results. Infected soft tissue samples showed endothelial cell surface expression of the Siglec-9 receptor VAP-1. CONCLUSION The kinetics of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 uptake in porcine soft tissue infections are best described by the 2-tissue compartment model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Jødal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-9766-5500
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.R.); (V.O.)
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa Oikonen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.R.); (V.O.)
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Søren B. Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (S.B.H.); (A.K.O.A.)
| | - Pia Afzelius
- North Zealand Hospital, Hillerød, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark;
| | - Aage K. O. Alstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (S.B.H.); (A.K.O.A.)
| | - Ole L. Nielsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Svend B. Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;
- Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, Aalborg University, DK-9100 Aalborg, Denmark
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