1
|
Meher RK, Mir SA, Anisetti SS. In silico and in vitro investigation of dual targeting Prima-1 MET as precision therapeutic against lungs cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4169-4184. [PMID: 37272907 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2219323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study emphasizes the explorations of binding of Prima-1MET with two targets, p53 a tumor suppressor protein, and tyrosine kinase of epidermal growth factor receptor. In silico investigations reveal that Prima-1MET showed robust binding with both targets. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated the binding affinity of Prima-1MET with p53 and tyrosine kinase was found to be -38.601 kJ/mol and -38.976 kJ/mol. In addition, the stability of Prima-1MET was explored by molecular dynamics simulation. Prima-1MET attains stability in the binding site of the respective protein till the simulation period is over. Moreover, the free binding energy ΔGbind was calculated by the molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area method. The ΔGbind of Prima-1MET with tyrosine kinase was found to be -58.585 ± 0.327 kJ/mol and with p53 it was -35.910 ± 0.335 kJ/mol. Next, cytotoxicity of the Prima-1MET was evaluated using multiple cancer cell lines and the IC50 value were ranging between 4.5 and 30 μM. The cell death was identified by apoptosis assay. Further, the p53 and tyrosine kinase expression was monitored using immunofluorescence techniques, it was found Prima-1MET induces the expression of p53 protein and mimics the level of tyrosine kinase oncogenic target. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and membrane potential activity of Prima-1MET was evaluated by using a lung cancer cell line. A significant decrease in intracellular ROS was observed and resulted in disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. This study uncovers the underlying mechanism of Prima-1MET and could be helpful to design further leads against lung cancers.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Meher
- Advance Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Burla, Odisha, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
McPhee M, Lee J, Salsman J, Pinelli M, Di Cara F, Rosen K, Dellaire G, Ridgway ND. NUCLEAR LIPID DROPLETS IN CACO2 CELLS ORIGINATE FROM NASCENT PRECURSORS AND IN SITU AT THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE. J Lipid Res 2024:100540. [PMID: 38570093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells convert excess fatty acids into triglyceride (TAG) for storage in cytoplasmic lipid droplets and secretion in chylomicrons. Nuclear lipid droplets (nLDs) are present in intestinal cells but their origin and relationship to cytoplasmic TAG synthesis and secretion is unknown. nLDs and related lipid-associated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) structures (LAPS) were abundant in oleate-treated Caco2 but less frequent in other human colorectal cancer cell lines and mouse intestinal organoids. nLDs and LAPS in undifferentiated oleate-treated Caco2 cells harboured the phosphatidate phosphatase Lipin1, its product diacylglycerol (DAG), and CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT)α. CCTα knockout Caco2 cells had fewer but larger nLDs indicating a reliance on de novo PC synthesis for assembly. Differentiation of Caco2 cells caused large nLDs and LAPS to form regardless of oleate treatment or CCTα expression. nLDs and LAPS in Caco2 cells did not associate with apoCIII and apoAI, and formed dependently of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) expression and activity, indicating they are not derived from endoplasmic reticulum luminal LDs precursors. Instead, undifferentiated Caco2 cells harboured a constitutive pool of nLDs and LAPS in proximity to the nuclear envelope (NE) that expanded in size and number with oleate treatment. Inhibition of TAG synthesis did affect the number of nascent nLDs and LAPS but prevented their association with PML, Lipin1α and DAG, which instead accumulated on the nuclear membranes. Thus, nLD and LAPS biogenesis in Caco2 cells is not linked to lipoprotein secretion but involves biogenesis and/or expansion of nascent nLDs by de novo lipid synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael McPhee
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Jayme Salsman
- Depts of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Marinella Pinelli
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada, B3H4R2
| | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada, B3H4R2
| | - Kirill Rosen
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Depts of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2.
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Depts of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada B3H4R2.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharma R, Agarwal P, Jain V, Sagili H, Sarkar S, Panda A, Deliwala K, Shah K. Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence of MTP Cases and Their Clinicodemographic Profile in India: A Retrospective Multicentric Study. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2023; 73:477-487. [PMID: 38205114 PMCID: PMC10774516 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-023-01838-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background During the Covid-19 pandemic, reproductive health of women was disproportionately affected due to difficult access to safe abortion and contraceptive services. This study aims to assess the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the prevalence of MTP cases and to find out the clinicodemographic profiles of women undergoing MTP during three Covid-waves in different hospitals-Government and private sectors in India. Methods This retrospective multicentric cohort study was conducted during three Covid-19 pandemic waves. The records were retrieved from the centers' medical record section and the MTP register from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Results On an average, 1.1 women/day underwent MTP during covid waves compared to 1.9 women/day during the pre-covid 2019. The first Covid wave's average MTP/day was very low (0.71) compared to the third (2.88) and second wave (1.12), respectively. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001). The most common indication for MTP was contraceptive failure 245(50.9%), followed by eugenic/congenital anomalies 88(18.9%). A total of 244 cases (50.6%) reported for MTP ≤ seven weeks and 114(23.6%) presented between 7 and 12 weeks. More than half (54%) of the women underwent surgical methods for abortion as the unavailability of medical abortion (MA) drugs. IUCD and sterilization were severely affected during the first and second Covid waves. Conclusion Safe abortions are essential services for reproductive-age women. With the uncertainty of future Covid-like an emergency, we should strengthen our telemedicine network so that women can reach out early and MMA can be initiated to reduce the number of surgical abortions and unwanted pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, UCMC and GTB Hospital, 110095, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima Agarwal
- JIPMER Hospital, Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Vaishali Jain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vivekanand Institute of Medical Science, B-1/45, Sector-J, Opp-RBI Colony, Aliganj, Lucknow, 226024 India
| | - Haritha Sagili
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, JIPMER, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Sonali Sarkar
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, JIPMER, Dhanvantari Nagar, Puducherry, 605006 India
| | - Anuradha Panda
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Apollo Hospitals, Jubliee Hills, Villa 37, Aditya Empress Park. Shaikpet, Hyderabad, 500008 India
| | - Kruti Deliwala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Narendra Modi Medical College, 14 Alpakunj Society Hiral Darshan Flats, Bhattha Paldi, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380007 India
| | - Krupa Shah
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, MAHE, Manipal. 88, Sai Radha Green Valley, Parampali, Udupi, Manipal, Karnataka 576104 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang P, Chen X, Wang Y, Peng W, Ren Z, Li Y, He Y, Chu B. Realizing of ZSM-5 microspheres with enhanced catalytic properties prepared from iron ore tailings via solid-phase conversion method. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27983-2. [PMID: 37266784 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings (IOTs) not only resolved environmental problems but also brought huge economic benefits. In this study, the synthetic route presented herein provides a novel method for the synthesis of ZSM-5 microspheres from IOTs. The effects of Si/Al molar ratios and the pH of the precursor solution on the formation of zeolite was evaluated by various analytical methods. The catalytic performance of the catalyst prepared by the solid-phase conversion method (denoted as MP-ZSM-5) was evaluated by methanol-to-propylene (MTP) reaction. Compared with the zeolite catalyst that synthesized via the conventional hydrothermal method (denoted as HM-ZSM-5), MP-ZSM-5 not only prolongs catalytic lifetime from 18.7 to 36.0 h but also has higher selectivity for propylene by MP-ZSM-5 (43.7%) than that for HM-ZSM-5 (38.6%). In addition, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) model is applied to the TG result to study the template removal process kinetics. The average activation energy values required for the removal of CTAB and TPABr are 201.11 ± 13.42 and 326.88 ± 16.91 kJ∙mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, this result is well coupled with the model-free kinetic algorithms to determine the conversion and isoconversion of the TPABr and CTAB decomposition in ZSM-5, which serves as important guidelines for the industrial production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Zhifeng Ren
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Yihong Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China.
| | - Yibo He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Baoshuai Chu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, No. 66 Waliu Road, Wanbailin District, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prat D, Haghverdian BA, Pridgen EM, Lee W, Wapner KL, Chao W, Farber DC. High complication rates following revision first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis: a retrospective analysis of 79 cases. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2023; 143:1799-1807. [PMID: 35092466 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-022-04342-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common indications for revision of first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis are symptomatic failures of prior arthrodesis, failed hallux valgus correction, and failed MTPJ arthroplasty implants. However, the outcomes of revision MTPJ arthrodesis have rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes of revision MTPJ arthrodesis following different primary procedures. METHODS A retrospective review of revision MTPJ arthrodesis cases between January 2015 and December 2019 was performed. The radiographic results, patient-reported outcomes, and rates of complications, subsequent revisions, and nonunions, were analyzed and compared preoperatively and postoperatively. A multivariate analysis was utilized to determine risk factors for complications and reoperations. RESULTS This study yielded a total of 79 cases of revision MTPJ arthrodesis. The mean follow-up time was 365 days (SD ± 295). The overall complication rate was 40.5%, of which the overall nonunion rate was 19.0%. Seven cases (8.9%) required further revision surgery. The multivariate analysis revealed that Diabetes mellitus was associated with significantly higher overall complication rates (p = 0.016), and nonunion was associated with "in-situ" joint preparation techniques (p = 0.042). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) significantly improved postoperatively (p < 0.001); However, PROMIS-10 physical health and PROMIS-10 mental health did not change significantly during the study period. CONCLUSION Treatment of MTPJ surgery failures is a clinical challenge in orthopedic surgery. In our study, revision of first MTPJ surgery resulted in higher nonunion rates and overall complication rates compared to typical outcomes from primary MTPJ arthrodesis. Diabetes, Tobacco use, and "in-situ" joint preparation technique were found to be independent risk factors for complications and reoperations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III-Retrospective Cohort Study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Prat
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Brandon A Haghverdian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric M Pridgen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wonyong Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith L Wapner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen Chao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel C Farber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zargarbashi R, Panjavi B, Bozorgmanesh M. Congenital hypoplastic thumbs treated by staged nonvascularized MTP joint transfer for absent MCP joints and abductor digiti minimi tendon transfer for opposition: a case series study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2023; 24:179. [PMID: 36894872 PMCID: PMC9999557 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-06165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We developed a 2-stage, MTP (metatarsophalangeal) joint- plus ADM (abductor digiti minimi) tendon-transfer, procedure for treatment of hypoplastic thumb. This method is intended to achieve both structural and functional goals of reconstruction. Structurally, it preserves a five-digit hand with minimal donor site complications. Functionally, it provides a functioning opposable thumb. CASE PRESENTATION The case series included 7 patients with type IV hypoplastic thumb. At the first stage non-vascularized joint (not bone) was transplanted. In the second stage abductor digiti minimi tendon was transferred. Patients were followed for a median 5-yr period (range: 37-79 months). Functional outcome was assessed using a modified Percival assessment tool. Participants aged 17 to 36 months at the time of surgery with (2 male, 4 female). All patients were able to grasp large and small objects after the procedure. The thumb tip could actively move to touch the tips of index (2 patients) middle, ring, and little fingers (all patients) in an ulnar ward sequence and vice versa. All patients attained the ability to do lateral, palmar, and tripod pinch. As for donor site complications, none of the patients were found to have difficulty walking or keeping their balance. CONCLUSIONS An alternative surgical procedure was developed to reconstruct a hypoplastic thumb. We obtained a good functional and cosmetic outcome with few donor site complications. Future studies will be needed to determine the long-term outcomes, to refine the selection criteria and to examine the necessity of additional procedure at the older ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Zargarbashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Panjavi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tehran University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Bozorgmanesh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arak University of Medial Sciences, Arak, Iran. .,Orthopedic Surgeon, Vali-E-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mayolo PC, Tran A, Kress K, Jaffe DE. Hammertoe correction with wire fixation of varying length. Foot Ankle Surg 2022; 28:1345-1349. [PMID: 35810126 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint fusion with Kirschner (K) -wire fixation remains a popular strategy for hammertoe correction. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of length of wire fixation on clinical outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review of all hammertoe reconstructions by a single surgeon was performed. Wire length was chosen at the surgeon's discretion. Outcomes were assessed with metatarsophalangeal (MTP) congruency, pin complications, and PIP union. RESULTS 157 toes underwent reconstruction. Seventy had wires that spanned the MTP and 87 that did not. Wire breaks were significantly more common with longer wire fixation (P = .024). MTP incongruency was significantly more common in the MTP group (P = .014). CONCLUSION Pin breakage was rare and only occurred in the MTP group. MTP incongruence was significantly more common in the MTP group but may not reflect surgical technique. PIP union was more common with longer wire fixation but is not clinically significant. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Mayolo
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Aaron Tran
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, 475 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Kristen Kress
- Advocate Aurora Health, 855 N. Westhaven Dr., Oshkosh, WI 54904, USA
| | - David E Jaffe
- OrthoArizona, 8405 N Pima Center Pkwy, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van Dijk BT, Dakkak YJ, Krijbolder DI, (Jendé) van Zeben D, Tchetverikov I, Reijnierse M, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. Which inflamed tissues explain a positive metatarsophalangeal squeeze test? A large imaging study to clarify a common diagnostic procedure. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4107-4112. [PMID: 35025983 PMCID: PMC9536781 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The squeeze test of MTP joints is frequently used because it is easy and cheap. It is traditionally perceived as a test for synovitis. Besides classic intra-articular synovitis, also tenosynovitis and intermetatarsal bursitis (IMB) represent synovial inflammation, albeit juxta-articularly located. Both are frequently present in RA and occasionally in other arthritides. Therefore we hypothesized that tenosynovitis and IMB contribute to a positive MTP squeeze test. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 192 early arthritis patients and 693 clinically suspect arthralgia patients underwent the MTP squeeze test and forefoot MRI at first presentation. MRI measurements in age-matched healthy controls were used to define positivity for synovitis, tenosynovitis and IMB. Logistic regression was used. RESULTS In early arthritis patients, synovitis [odds ratio (OR) 4.8 (95% CI 2.5, 9.5)], tenosynovitis [2.4 (1.2, 4.7)] and IMB [1.7 (1.2, 2.6)] associated with MTP squeeze test positivity. Synovitis [OR 3.2 (95% CI 1.4, 7.2)] and IMB [3.9 (1.7, 8.8)] remained associated in multivariable analyses. Of patients with a positive MTP squeeze test, 79% had synovitis or IMB: 12% synovitis, 15% IMB and 52% both synovitis and IMB. In clinically suspect arthralgia patients, subclinical synovitis [OR 3.0 (95% CI 2.0, 4.7)], tenosynovitis [2.7 (1.6, 4.6)] and IMB [1.7 (1.2, 2.6)] associated with MTP squeeze test positivity, with the strongest association for synovitis in multivariable analysis. Of positive MTP squeeze tests, 39% had synovitis or IMB (10% synovitis, 15% IMB and 13% both synovitis and IMB). CONCLUSION Besides synovitis, IMB contributes to pain upon compression in early arthritis, presumably due to its location between MTP joints. This is the first evidence showing that MTP squeeze test positivity is not only explained by intra- but also juxta-articular inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousra J Dakkak
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre,
Leiden
| | | | | | | | | | - Annette H M van der Helm-van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre,
Leiden
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Centre,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gaitanidis A, Sinyard RT, Nederpelt CJ, Maurer LR, Christensen MA, Mashbari H, Velmahos GC, Kaafarani HMA. Lower Mortality with Cryoprecipitate During Massive Transfusion in Penetrating but Not Blunt Trauma. J Surg Res 2021; 269:94-102. [PMID: 34537533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balanced blood product transfusion improves the outcomes of trauma patients with exsanguinating hemorrhage, but it remains unclear whether administering cryoprecipitate improves mortality. We aimed to examine the impact of early cryoprecipitate transfusion on the outcomes of the trauma patients needing massive transfusion (MT). METHODS All MT patients 18 years or older in the 2017 Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) were retrospectively reviewed. MT was defined as the transfusion of ≥10 units of blood within 24 hours. Propensity score analysis (PSA) was used to 1:1 match then compare patients who received and those who did not receive cryoprecipitate in the first 4 hours after injury. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, 1-day mortality, in-hospital complications and transfusion needs at 24 hours. RESULTS Of 1,004,440 trauma patients, 1,454 MT patients received cryoprecipitate and 2,920 did not. After PSA, 877 patients receiving cryoprecipitate were matched to 877 patients who did not. In-hospital mortality was lower among patients who received cryoprecipitate (49.4% v. 54.9%, P = 0.022), as was 1-day mortality. Sub-analyses showed that mortality was lower with cryoprecipitate in patients with penetrating (37.5% versus. 48%, adjusted P = 0.008), but not blunt trauma (58.5% versus. 59.8%, adjusted P = 1.000). In penetrating trauma, the cryoprecipitate group also had lower 1-day mortality (21.8% versus. 38.6%, P <0.001) and a higher rate of hemorrhage control surgeries performed within 24 hours (71.4% versus. 63.3%, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Cryoprecipitate in MT is associated with improved survival in penetrating, but not blunt, trauma. Randomized trials are needed to better define the role of cryoprecipitate in MT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Gaitanidis
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert T Sinyard
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charlie J Nederpelt
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lydia R Maurer
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mathias A Christensen
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hassan Mashbari
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George C Velmahos
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haytham M A Kaafarani
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zeng X, Lyu L, Zhao D, Zhong J, Feng Y, Wan H, Li C, Zhang Z, Wang Y. dLp/HDL-BGBP and MTP Cloning and Expression Profiles During Embryonic Development in the Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain. Front Physiol 2021; 12:717751. [PMID: 34489734 PMCID: PMC8416765 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.717751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are the main energy source for embryonic development in oviparous animals. Prior to the utilization and catabolism, lipids are primarily transported from the yolk sac to embryonic tissues. In the present study, cDNA encoding a circulatory large lipid transfer protein (LLTP) superfamily member, the precursor of large discoidal lipoprotein (dLp) and high-density lipoprotein/β-1,3-glucan-binding protein (HDL-BGBP), named dLp/HDL-BGBP of 14,787 bp in length, was cloned from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. dLp/HDL-BGBP was predicted to encode a 4,831 amino acids (aa) protein that was the precursor of dLp and HDL-BGBP, which were both detected in hemolymph by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. For the intracellular LLTP, three microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) cDNAs of 2,905, 2,897, and 3,088 bp in length were cloned from the mud crab and were predicted to encode MTP-A of 881 aa, MTP-B of 889 aa, and MTP-C of 919 aa, respectively, which were different merely in the N-terminal region and shared an identical sequence of 866 aa. During embryonic development, the expression level of dLp/HDL-BGBP consecutively increased from the early appendage formation stage to the eye pigment-formation stage, which indicated that HDL-BGBP is probably the scaffolding protein for yolk lipid. For the MTP gene, MTP-C accounted for ~70% of MTP mRNA from the blastocyst stage to the nauplius stage, as well as the pre-hatching stage; MTP-C and MTP-A expression levels were comparable from the early appendage formation stage to the late eye pigment-formation stage; MTP-A was extremely low in blastocyst and gastrula stages; MTP-B was expressed at a relatively low-level throughout embryo development. The variations in the expression profiles among MTP transcripts suggested that MTP might play roles in the lipid droplet maturation and lipoprotein assembly during embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianyuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,School of Life Sciences, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China
| | - Liang Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dousha Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jinying Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Student Affairs, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simón J, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Serrano-Maciá M, Fernández-Ramos D, Sáenz de Urturi D, Gruskos JJ, Fernández-Tussy P, Lachiondo-Ortega S, González-Recio I, Rodríguez-Agudo R, Gutiérrez-de-Juan V, Rodríguez-Iruretagoyena B, Varela-Rey M, Gimenez-Mascarell P, Mercado-Gomez M, Gómez-Santos B, Fernandez-Rodriguez C, Lopitz-Otsoa F, Bizkarguenaga M, Dames S, Schaeper U, Martin F, Sabio G, Iruzubieta P, Crespo J, Aspichueta P, Chu KHY, Buccella D, Martín C, Delgado TC, Martínez-Cruz LA, Martínez-Chantar ML. Magnesium accumulation upon cyclin M4 silencing activates microsomal triglyceride transfer protein improving NASH. J Hepatol 2021; 75:34-45. [PMID: 33571553 PMCID: PMC8217299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Perturbations of intracellular magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis have implications for cell physiology. The cyclin M family, CNNM, perform key functions in the transport of Mg2+ across cell membranes. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the role of CNNM4 in the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS Serum Mg2+ levels and hepatic CNNM4 expression were characterised in clinical samples. Primary hepatocytes were cultured under methionine and choline deprivation. A 0.1% methionine and choline-deficient diet, or a choline-deficient high-fat diet were used to induce NASH in our in vivo rodent models. Cnnm4 was silenced using siRNA, in vitro with DharmaFECT and in vivo with Invivofectamine® or conjugated to N-acetylgalactosamine. RESULTS Patients with NASH showed hepatic CNNM4 overexpression and dysregulated Mg2+ levels in the serum. Cnnm4 silencing ameliorated hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation and fibrosis in the rodent NASH models. Mechanistically, CNNM4 knockdown in hepatocytes induced cellular Mg2+ accumulation, reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, and increased microsomal triglyceride transfer activity, which promoted hepatic lipid clearance by increasing the secretion of VLDLs. CONCLUSIONS CNNM4 is overexpressed in patients with NASH and is responsible for dysregulated Mg2+ transport. Hepatic CNNM4 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH. LAY SUMMARY Cyclin M4 (CNNM4) is overexpressed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and promotes the export of magnesium from the liver. The liver-specific silencing of Cnnm4 ameliorates NASH by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and promoting the activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - David Fernández-Ramos
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain; Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Diego Sáenz de Urturi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Sofía Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Rubén Rodríguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Virginia Gutiérrez-de-Juan
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Begoña Rodríguez-Iruretagoyena
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Marta Varela-Rey
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Paula Gimenez-Mascarell
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - María Mercado-Gomez
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Carmen Fernandez-Rodriguez
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopitz-Otsoa
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Maider Bizkarguenaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Precision Medicine and Metabolism Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | - Franz Martin
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa-CABIMER, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Santander, Spain; Clinical and Translational Digestive Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Patricia Aspichueta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Kevan H-Y Chu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - César Martín
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Cardoso Delgado
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Martínez-Cruz
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 48160, Bizkaia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grünert SC, Eckenweiler M, Haas D, Lindner M, Tsiakas K, Santer R, Tucci S, Spiekerkoetter U. The spectrum of peripheral neuropathy in disorders of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:893-902. [PMID: 33638202 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a known irreversible long-term complication of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency (MTPD), two inherited disorders of mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation. The underlying pathophysiology of neuropathy is still not fully understood. We report electrophysiological studies and neurological findings in a series of 8 LCHAD-deficient and 11 MTP-deficient patients. The median age at time of the study was 8.0 years (0.5-25 years). The overall prevalence of neuropathy was 58% with neuropathic symptoms being slightly more common in MTPD compared to LCHADD (70% vs 50%, respectively). Onset of neuropathy was significantly earlier in MTPD patients compared to LCHADD patients (median age at onset 4.7 vs 15.3 years, respectively, P = .047). In four patients, isolated peripheral neuropathy was the first and only presenting symptom, and in all four the diagnosis was missed by newborn screening. About half of the patients (45.5%) had a sensorimotor neuropathy, while 27.3% showed a pure motor form and another 27.3% an isolated sensory form. Despite early diagnosis by newborn screening and early initiation of therapy, peripheral neuropathy cannot be prevented in all patients with LCHADD/MTPD and has severe impact on the life of affected patients. Electrophysiology classifies LCHADD/MTPD neuropathy as axonal with secondary demyelination. A novel observation is that in patients with acute, fulminant onset of neuropathy, symptoms can be partly reversible. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of axonal damage and possible therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Haas
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Pediatric Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lindner
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - René Santer
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Tucci
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Spiekerkoetter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xing D, Wang B, Lu H, Peng T, Su J, Lei H, He J, Zhou Y, Liu L. Sirtuin 3 Restores Synthesis and Secretion of Very Low-Density Lipoproteins in Cow Hepatocytes Challenged with Nonesterified Fatty Acids In Vitro. Vet Sci 2021; 8:121. [PMID: 34208809 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8070121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver is closely associated with elevated concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and a low level of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in blood of dairy cows. High NEFA inhibit the VLDL synthesis and assembly, and cause hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) deposition. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, antagonizes NEFA-induced TAG accumulation through modulating expressions of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation genes in cow hepatocytes. However, the role of SIRT3 in the VLDL synthesis and assembly was largely unknown. Here we aimed to test whether SIRT3 would recover the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes induced by high NEFA. Primary cow hepatocytes were isolated from 3 Holstein cows. Hepatocytes were infected with SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus (Ad-SIRT3), SIRT3-short interfering (si) RNA, or first infected with Ad-SIRT3 and then incubated with 1.0 mM NEFA (Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA). Expressions of key genes in VLDL synthesis and the VLDL contents in cell culture supernatants were measured. SIRT3 overexpression significantly increased the mRNA abundance of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) and ApoE (p < 0.01), and raised VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). However, SIRT3 silencing displayed a reverse effect in comparison to SIRT3 overexpression. Compared with NEFA treatment alone, the Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA significantly upregulated the mRNA abundance of MTP, ApoB100 and ApoE (p < 0.01), and increased VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). Our data demonstrated that SIRT3 restored the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes challenged with NEFA, providing an in vitro basis for further investigations testing its feasibility against hepatic TAG accumulation in dairy cows during the perinatal period.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ieda A, Wada M, Moriyasu Y, Okuno Y, Zaima N, Moriyama T. Ellagic Acid Suppresses ApoB Secretion and Enhances ApoA-1 Secretion from Human Hepatoma Cells, HepG2. Molecules 2021; 26:3885. [PMID: 34202121 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of ellagic acid (EA), a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, on the secretion of apolipoproteins from human hepatocytes, HepG2, was investigated. The levels of apoB and apoA-1 secreted in the cell culture medium were determined by sandwich ELISA. EA did not affect cell viability at the tested concentrations (up to 50 µM). EA suppressed the secretion of apoB and enhanced that of apoA-1 from HepG2 cells. However, cellular apoB levels were increased, suggesting that EA inhibited the trafficking of apoB during the process of secretion. In contrast, the increase in the cellular levels of apoA-1 was consistent with its secreted levels. These results indicate that EA inhibits the secretion of apoB from hepatocytes and increases the secretion of apoA-1. Both of these effects are beneficial for lipoprotein metabolism in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. The detailed mechanism underlying these effects of EA on lipoprotein metabolism should be elucidated in the future, but this naturally occurring polyphenolic compound might be antihyperlipidemic. Based on these results, EA is suggested as a candidate food-derived compound for the prevention of hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
|
15
|
Costache I, Ramnanan CJ. Comments on: Mechanisms of action of the erector spinae plane (ESP) block: a narrative review (Letter #2). Can J Anaesth 2021; 68:1275-1276. [PMID: 34160755 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-021-02019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Costache
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Christopher J Ramnanan
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, Division of Clinical and Functional Anatomy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patra AP, Kumaran M. Fatal necrotizing fasciitis in illegal abortion and the negligence tort. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 53:101927. [PMID: 34130172 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present paper is a case-based review on rare complications of illegal abortion, i.e., necrotizing fasciitis missed early by the treating gynecologists which landed up into a negligence tort against the physicians. The common complications of the abortion like incomplete abortion, haemorrhage, sepsis, etc. are usually handled successfully by the gynecologists; however, early detection often missed when a rare complication like necrotising fasciitis occurs. Eventually leading to litigations in case of death of the patient. The newer techniques have reduced the complications in medically terminated pregnancies (MTP); however, the deaths due to illegal abortions carried out by the clandestine abortion practitioners (CAP) poses a challenge, especially in rural areas. A 30-year-old woman went for an illegal abortion from a CAP to avoid social stigma. She developed sepsis & necrotising fasciitis (NF) of right lower limb due to intra-vaginal use of abortifacient herbs prescribed by the CAP. She was succumbed to the complications of necrotising fasciitis allegedly due to delayed diagnosis by the gynecologists. This led to a negligence tort filed by her family members against the treating gynecologists. The prudent medicolegal and medical steps are discussed here, that could have prevented such sequel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambika Prasad Patra
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India; Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Karaikal, India.
| | - M Kumaran
- Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Pondicherry 605006, India; Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Karaikal, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ashokcoomar S, Loots DT, Beukes D, van Reenen M, Pillay B, Pillay M. M. tuberculosis curli pili ( MTP) is associated with alterations in carbon, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism in a THP-1 macrophage infection model. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104806. [PMID: 33610716 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The initial host-pathogen interaction is crucial for the establishment of infection. An improved understanding of the pathophysiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) during macrophage infection can aid the development of intervention therapeutics against tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis curli pili (MTP) is a surface located adhesin, involved in the first point-of-contact between pathogen and host. This study aimed to better understand the role of MTP in modulating the intertwined metabolic pathways of M. tuberculosis and its THP-1 macrophage host. Metabolites were extracted from pelleted wet cell mass of THP-1 macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis wild-type V9124 (WT), Δmtp-deletion mutant and the mtp-complemented strains, respectively, via a whole metabolome extraction method using a 1:3:1 ratio of chloroform:methanol:water. Metabolites were detected by two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Significant metabolites were determined through univariate and multivariate statistical tests and online pathway databases. Relative to the WT, a total of nine and ten metabolites were significantly different in the Δmtp and complement strains, respectively. All nine significant metabolites were found in elevated levels in the Δmtp relative to the WT. Additionally, of the ten significant metabolites, eight were detected in lower levels and two were detected in higher levels in the complement relative to the WT. The absence of the MTP adhesin resulted in reduced virulence of M. tuberculosis leading to alterations in metabolites involved in carbon, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism during macrophage infection, suggesting that MTP plays an important role in the modulation of host metabolic activity. These findings support the prominent role of the MTP adhesin as a virulence factor as well as a promising biomarker for possible diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinese Ashokcoomar
- Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1st Floor Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Congella, Private Bag 7, Durban, 4013, South Africa.
| | - Du Toit Loots
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Derylize Beukes
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, Private Bag X6001, Box 269, 2531, South Africa.
| | - Balakrishna Pillay
- Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban. 4000, South Africa.
| | - Manormoney Pillay
- Medical Microbiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1st Floor Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Congella, Private Bag 7, Durban, 4013, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paganini M, Abowali H, Bosco G, Balouch M, Enten G, Deng J, Shander A, Ciesla D, Wilson J, Camporesi E. Quality Improvement Project of a Massive Transfusion Protocol ( MTP) to Reduce Wastage of Blood Components. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18010274. [PMID: 33401395 PMCID: PMC7795105 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) facilitate the organized delivery of blood components for traumatically injured patients. MTPs vary across institutions, and ratios of blood components can change during clinical management. As a result, significant amounts of components can be wasted. We completed a review of all MTP activations from 2015 to 2018, providing an in-depth analysis of waste in our single Level 1 trauma center. An interdepartmental group analyzed patterns of blood component wastage to guide three quality improvement initiatives. Specifically, we (1) completed a digital timeline for each MTP activation and termination, (2) improved communications between departments, and (3) provided yearly training for all personnel about MTP deployment. The analysis identified an association between delayed MTP deactivations and waste (RR = 1.48, CI 1.19–1.85, p = 0.0005). An overall improvement in waste was seen over the years, but this could not be attributed to increased closed-loop communication as determined by the proportion of non-stop activations (F(124,3) = 0.98, not significant). Delayed MTP deactivations are the primary determinant of blood component waste. Our proactive intervention on communications between groups was not sufficient in reducing the number of delayed deactivations. However, implementing a digital timeline and regular repetitive training yielded a significant reduction in wasted blood components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Paganini
- TEAMHealth Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (H.A.); (M.B.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (E.C.)
- Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Environmental Medicine and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-049-827-5297
| | - Hesham Abowali
- TEAMHealth Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (H.A.); (M.B.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (E.C.)
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Environmental Medicine and Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.B.); Tel.: +39-049-827-5297
| | - Maha Balouch
- TEAMHealth Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (H.A.); (M.B.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (E.C.)
| | - Garrett Enten
- TEAMHealth Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (H.A.); (M.B.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (E.C.)
| | - Jin Deng
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Aryeh Shander
- TEAMHealth Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (H.A.); (M.B.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (E.C.)
| | - David Ciesla
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Jason Wilson
- TEAMHealth Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (H.A.); (M.B.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (E.C.)
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Enrico Camporesi
- TEAMHealth Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, FL 33606, USA; (H.A.); (M.B.); (G.E.); (A.S.); (J.W.); (E.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berger E, Colosetti P, Jalabert A, Meugnier E, Wiklander OP, Jouhet J, Errazurig-Cerda E, Chanon S, Gupta D, Rautureau GJ, Geloen A, El-Andaloussi S, Panthu B, Rieusset J, Rome S. Use of Nanovesicles from Orange Juice to Reverse Diet-Induced Gut Modifications in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020; 18:880-892. [PMID: 32953937 PMCID: PMC7481887 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have determined whether orange juice-derived nanovesicles (ONVs) could be used for the treatment of obesity-associated intestinal complications. ONVs were characterized by lipidomic, metabolomic, electron microscopy. In vitro, intestinal barriers (IBs = Caco-2+HT-29-MTX) were treated with ONVs and co-cultured with adipocytes to monitor IB fat release. In vivo, obesity was induced with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD mice) for 12 weeks. Then, half of HFHSD mice were gavaged with ONVs. One-month ONV treatment did not modify HFHSD-induced insulin resistance but reversed diet-induced gut modifications. In the jejunum, ONVs increased villi size, reduced triglyceride content, and modulated mRNA levels of genes involved in immune response (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α and interleukin [IL]-1β), barrier permeability (CLDN1, OCLN, ZO1), fat absorption, and chylomicron release. ONVs targeted microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and angiopoietin-like protein-4 (ANGPTL4), two therapeutic targets to reduce plasma lipids and inflammation in gastrointestinal diseases. Interestingly, ONV treatment did not aggravate liver steatosis, as MTP mRNA was increased in the liver. Therefore, ONVs protected both intestine and the liver from fat overload associated with the HFHSD. As ONVs concentrated amino acids and bioactive lipids versus orange juice, which are deficient in obese patients, the use of ONVs as a dietary supplement could bring physiological relevant compounds in the jejunum to accelerate the restoration of intestinal functions during weight loss in obese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Berger
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Pascal Colosetti
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Audrey Jalabert
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Oscar P.B. Wiklander
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale (LPCV), CNRS (UMR5168)/Université Grenoble Alpes/INRAe (UMR1417)/CEA Grenoble, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies de Grenoble, France
| | | | - Stéphanie Chanon
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Dhanu Gupta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gilles J.P. Rautureau
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs (CRMN), FRE 2034, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alain Geloen
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory (INRAe U1397, INSERM U1060, Lyon 1 University, INSA Lyon), Bâtiment CENS ELI-2D, Pierre-Bénite, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Markovic MA, Srikrishnaraj A, Tsang D, Brubaker PL. Requirement for the intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in the intestinal responses to glucagon-like peptide-2 and dietary fat. FASEB J 2020; 34:6628-6640. [PMID: 32212202 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000169r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal hormone, glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), enhances the enterocyte chylomicron production. However, GLP-2 is known to require the intestinal-epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IE-IGF-1R) for its other actions to increase intestinal growth and barrier function. The role of the IE-IGF-1R in enterocyte lipid handling was thus tested in the GLP-2 signaling pathway, as well as in response to a Western diet (WD). IE-IGF-1R knockout (KO) and control mice were treated for 11 days with h(GLY2 )GLP-2 or fed a WD for 18 weeks followed by a duodenal fat tolerance test with C14 -labeled triolein. Human Caco-2BBE cells were treated with an IGF-1R antagonist or signaling inhibitors to determine triglyceride-associated protein expression. The IE-IGF-1R was required for GLP-2-induced increases in CD36 and FATP-4 in chow-fed mice, and for expression in vitro; FATP-4 also required PI3K/Akt. Although WD-fed IE-IGF-1R KO mice demonstrated normal CD36 expression, the protein was incorrectly localized 2h post-duodenal fat administration. IE-IGF-1R KO also prevented the WD-induced increase in MTP and decrease in APOC3, increased jejunal mucosal C14 -fat accumulation, and elevated plasma triglyceride and C14 -fat levels. Collectively, these studies elucidate new roles for the IE-IGF-1R in enterocyte lipid handling, under basal conditions and in response to GLP-2 and WD-feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Derek Tsang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang X, Duan S, Wu Q, Yu M, Shabala S. Reducing Cadmium Accumulation in Plants: Structure-Function Relations and Tissue-Specific Operation of Transporters in the Spotlight. Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E223. [PMID: 32050442 PMCID: PMC7076666 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is present in many soils and, when entering the food chain, represents a major health threat to humans. Reducing Cd accumulation in plants is complicated by the fact that most known Cd transporters also operate in the transport of essential nutrients such as Zn, Fe, Mn, or Cu. This work summarizes the current knowledge of mechanisms mediating Cd uptake, radial transport, and translocation within the plant. It is concluded that real progress in the field may be only achieved if the transport of Cd and the above beneficial micronutrients is uncoupled, and we discuss the possible ways of achieving this goal. Accordingly, we suggest that the major focus of research in the field should be on the structure-function relations of various transporter isoforms and the functional assessment of their tissue-specific operation. Of specific importance are two tissues. The first one is a xylem parenchyma in plant roots; a major "controller" of Cd loading into the xylem and its transport to the shoot. The second one is a phloem tissue that operates in the last step of a metal transport. Another promising and currently underexplored avenue is to understand the role of non-selective cation channels in Cd uptake and reveal mechanisms of their regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Songpo Duan
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Qi Wu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (X.H.); (S.D.); (Q.W.); (M.Y.)
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang J, Jazii FR, Haghighi MM, Alvares D, Liu L, Khosraviani N, Adeli K. miR-130b is a potent stimulator of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion via marked induction of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E262-E275. [PMID: 31821038 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00276.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
miR-130b is a microRNA whose expression is particularly elevated within adipose tissue and in the circulation in diabetic states. Hepatic miR-130b expression has been linked to hepatocellular carcinoma and changes in lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the role of miR-130b in hepatic lipid homeostasis and lipoprotein export. We observed that overexpression of miR-130b-3p or -5p in HepG2 cells markedly enhanced the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles, enhanced the secretion of [3H]glycerol metabolically labeled triglyceride (TG), and significantly increased the number or the average size of lipid droplets (LDs), respectively. Overexpression of miR-130b also altered the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism and in particular markedly increased both mRNA and protein expression levels of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Conversely, the miR-130b inhibitor decreased mRNA levels of MTP and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in HepG2 cells. However, dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that MTP is not a direct target of miR-130b-3p. miR-130b overexpression did not alter de novo synthesized TG or the stability and secretion of apolipoprotein B 100. Interestingly, knockdown of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) blocked the upregulation of MTP mRNA induced by miR-130b. Finally, miR-130b-induced stimulation of VLDL secretion was also observed in a second hepatocyte cell culture model, immortalized human hepatocytes, confirming the effects observed in HepG2 cells. Overall, these data suggest a potential role for miR-130b in promoting hepatic VLDL assembly and secretion mediated by marked stimulation of MTP expression and TG mobilization. Thus miR-130b overexpression corrects the defect in VLDL production in HepG2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ferdous Rastgar Jazii
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahdi Montazer Haghighi
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Alvares
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lipei Liu
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Negar Khosraviani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
El-Menyar A, Jabbour G, Asim M, Abdelrahman H, Mahmood I, Al-Thani H. Shock index in patients with traumatic solid organ injury as a predictor of massive blood transfusion protocol activation. Inj Epidemiol 2019; 6:41. [PMID: 31608205 PMCID: PMC6778976 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-019-0218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to assess the utility of shock index (SI) to predict the need for massive transfusion protocol (MTP) in patients with solid organ injury (SOI) in a Level 1 Trauma center. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis for patients with SOI between 2011 and 2014. Patients were categorized according to on-admission SI into low (< 0.8) and high SI (≥0.8) group. Results A total of 4500 patients were admitted with trauma, of them 572 sustained SOIs (289 patients had SI ≥0.8). In comparison to low SI, patients with high SI were younger, had higher injury severity scores (ISS) and lower Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS); (p < 0.001). The proportion of exploratory laparotomy (EXLap), blood transfusion (BT), MTP activation, sepsis and hospital mortality were significantly higher in patients with high SI. Serum lactate (r = 0.34), hematocrit (r = − 0.34), ABC score (r = 0.62), ISS (r = 0.35), and amount of transfused blood (r = 0.22) were significantly correlated with SI. On multivariable regression analysis using 9 relevant variables (age, sex, ISS, ED GCS, serum lactate, hematocrit, Abdomen AIS and Focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) and SI), SI ≥ 0.8 was an independent predictor of BT (OR 2.80; 95%CI 1.56–4.95) and MTP (OR 2.81;95% CI 1.09–7.21) . Conclusions In patients with SOI, SI is a simple bedside predictor for BT and MTP activation. Further prospective studies are needed to support our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Menyar
- 1Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.,2Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Trauma & Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital (HGH), P.O Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gaby Jabbour
- Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery, HGH, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- 2Department of Surgery, Clinical Research, Trauma & Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital (HGH), P.O Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ismail Mahmood
- 1Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Surgery, Trauma Surgery, HGH, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma & Vascular Surgery, HGH, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kubota S, Tanaka Y, Nagaoka S. Ellagic acid affects mRNA expression levels of genes that regulate cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:952-959. [PMID: 30741106 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1576498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid has been shown to improve cholesterol metabolism in animal studies, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this function have not been fully understood. We performed DNA microarray analysis to elucidate the effects of ellagic acid on cholesterol metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes. This revealed that the expression levels of several genes related to cholesterol metabolism, including the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), were changed by ellagic acid treatment. Using a real-time PCR and immunoblot we confirmed that ellagic acid treatment up-regulated mRNA and protein expression level of the LDLR. Moreover, In the presence of 25 μM ellagic acid, extracellular apoB protein and MTP mRNA levels were significantly decreased. These findings indicate that ellagic acid improves cholesterol metabolism through the up-regulation of LDLR, down-regulation of MTP mRNA and reduces extracellular apoB levels. The ellagic acid-induced up-regulation of LDLR occurred via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in HepG2 hepatocytes. Abbreviations: LDLR: low-density lipoprotein receptor; apoB: apolipoprotein B; PKC: diacylglycerol-protein kinase C; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ERK: p42/44 extracellular signal-regulated kinase; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; VLDLR: very low density lipoprotein receptor; PPARδ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ; SREBPs: sterol regulatory element-binding proteins; MTP: microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein; LPDS: lipoprotein-deficient serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Kubota
- a Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Yuma Tanaka
- a Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagaoka
- a Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences , Gifu University , Gifu , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jammula S, Miller JA, Morrison CA. Rapid Release Protocol Optimizes Product Utilization Compared With Massive Transfusion Protocol in Selected Patients. J Surg Res 2018; 232:553-558. [PMID: 30463772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) are effective means of expeditiously delivering blood products to patients with exsanguinating hemorrhage, activation often occurs in cases with small blood volume deficits, leading to product wastage and overtransfusion. We sought to determine whether the additional implementation of a new protocol (called Rapid Release [RR]), which uses less resources, would result in decrease in blood product wastage. We hypothesized that RR would result in the reservation of MTPs for sicker patients and that blood product wastage would decrease. METHODS All MTP activations 1.5 y pre-RR and 1.5 y post-RR were analyzed. Compared with MTP (six units packed red blood cells [pRBCs], six units fresh frozen plasma [FFP], six units platelets), RR only releases four units pRBCs and one unit FFP per activation. MTP resource utilization and wastage was compared before and after RR in trauma and nontrauma populations. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS One hundred nine MTPs were activated pre- (n = 48) to post-RR (n = 61), with 69 RRs activated in the post-RR period. Of these 69 RRs, 10 (14.5%) were eventually upgraded to MTP. Compared with the pre-RR group, significantly higher transfusion rates were observed for FFP and platelets. FFP wastage increased (pre: 0.65 ± 1.78 versus post: 3.46 ± 4.29; P < 0.001) over the study duration with no differences between the trauma and nontrauma populations. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, institution of the RR protocol resulted in higher mean wastage of FFP per activation despite the appropriateness of the RR protocol. Further efforts are warranted to refine the MTP to increase efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Jammula
- Trauma Services, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Ann Miller
- Trauma Services, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania
| | - Chet A Morrison
- Trauma Services, Penn Medicine Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lotz-Havla AS, Röschinger W, Schiergens K, Singer K, Karall D, Konstantopoulou V, Wortmann SB, Maier EM. Fatal pitfalls in newborn screening for mitochondrial trifunctional protein ( MTP)/long-chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:122. [PMID: 30029694 PMCID: PMC6053800 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0875-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency are long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders with particularly high morbidity and mortality. Outcome can be favorable if diagnosed in time, prompting the implementation in newborn screening programs. Sporadic cases missed by the initial screening sample have been reported. However, little is known on pitfalls during confirmatory testing resulting in fatal misconception of the diagnosis. Results We report a series of three patients with MTP and LCHAD deficiency, in whom diagnosis was missed by newborn screening, resulting in life-threatening metabolic decompensations within the first half year of life. Two of the patients showed elevated concentrations of primary markers C16-OH and C18:1-OH but were missed by confirmatory testing performed by the maternity clinic. A metabolic center was not consulted. Confirmatory testing consisted of analyses of acylcarnitines in blood and organic acids in urine, the finding of normal excretion of organic acids led to rejection and underestimation of the diagnosis, respectively. The third patient, a preterm infant, was not identified in the initial screening sample due to only moderate elevations of C16-OH and C18:1-OH and normal secondary markers and analyte ratios. Conclusion Our observations highlight limitations of newborn screening for MTP/LCHAD deficiency. They confirm that analyses of acylcarnitines in blood and organic acids in urine alone are not suitable for confirmatory testing and molecular or functional analysis is crucial in diagnosing MTP/LCHAD deficiency. Mild elevations of primary biomarkers in premature infants need to trigger confirmatory testing. Our report underscores the essential role of specialized centers in confirming or ruling out diagnoses in suspicious screening results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie S Lotz-Havla
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Wulf Röschinger
- Becker and colleagues laboratory, Fuehrichstr. 70, 81671, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Schiergens
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Singer
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Pediatrics, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Saskia B Wortmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Muellner Hauptstr. 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Esther M Maier
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sirwi A, Hussain MM. Lipid transfer proteins in the assembly of apoB-containing lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1094-1102. [PMID: 29650752 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r083451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of intracellular lipoprotein assembly may help identify proteins with important roles in lipid disorders. apoB-containing lipoproteins (B-lps) are macromolecular lipid and protein micelles that act as specialized transport vehicles for hydrophobic lipids. They are assembled predominantly in enterocytes and hepatocytes to transport dietary and endogenous fat, respectively, to different tissues. Assembly occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is dependent on lipid resynthesis in the ER and on a chaperone, namely, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP). Precursors for lipid synthesis are obtained from extracellular sources and from cytoplasmic lipid droplets. MTTP is the major and essential lipid transfer protein that transfers phospholipids and triacylglycerols to nascent apoB for the assembly of lipoproteins. Assembly is aided by cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector B and by phospholipid transfer protein, which may facilitate additional deposition of triacylglycerols and phospholipids, respectively, to apoB. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the different steps in the assembly of B-lps and discuss the role of lipid transfer proteins in these steps to help identify new clinical targets for lipid-associated disorders, such as heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Sirwi
- School of Graduate Studies, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- New York University Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gupta RK, Swain DK, Singh V, Anand M, Choudhury S, Yadav S, Saxena A, Garg SK. Molecular characterization of voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) and its importance in functional dynamics in bull spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2018; 114:229-36. [PMID: 29656213 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Present study was undertaken to characterize the voltage gated potassium channel (Kv 1.1) in bull spermatozoa using sixty four ejaculates collected from four Hariana bulls. Functional characterization was undertaken using a selective blocker of Kv channel, 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) while molecular presence of Kv on bull spermatozoa by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence. Three sets of 100 μL diluted sperm samples namely-negative control (100 μL of sperm dilution medium (SDM) containing 10 × 106 cells), vehicle control (99 μL of SDM containing 10 × 106 cells, and DMSO- 1 μL) and 4-AP treatment group (99 μL of SDM containing 10 × 106 cells, and drug 1 μL 4-AP) were used in the study. Immunoblotting identified a single band of 56 kDa corresponding to Kv1.1 in Hariana bull spermatozoa. Immunolocalization showed the positive immunoreactivity at head, middle piece and principal piece of the spermatozoa for Kv 1.1. Blocking of Kv using 4-AP resulted in significant (p < 0.05) reduction in sperm progressive motility, per cent capacitated spermatozoa (B-pattern) and acrosome reacted (AR-pattern) spermatozoa, while significant (P < 0.05) increase in per cent swollen spermatozoa. Blocking of Kv channels resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) increased percentage of spermatozoa with lower mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Computer assisted semen analysis (CASA) of motion and kinematic parameters in 4-AP treated spermatozoa indicated reduction in sperm motion parameters like LIN, STR, VSL and VAP and higher ALH, VCL, and BCF indicating hyperactivity of spermatozoa. Based on our findings, it may be concluded that voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv) are present on bull spermatozoa and these are associated with functional dynamics of spermatozoa. However, based on our limited study, it is not possible to deduce that how these channels are associated with induction of hyperactivity. Therefore, further studies are warranted to unravel the mechanistic signaling pathways involved in Kv-mediated alterations in functional dynamics of spermatozoa.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mandell D, Karbassi J, Zhou H, Burroughs B, Aurigemma P, Patel AR. A locking compression plate versus the gold-standard non-locking plate with lag screw for first metatarsophalangeal fusion: A biomechanical comparison. Foot (Edinb) 2018; 34:69-73. [PMID: 29353123 DOI: 10.1016/j.foot.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of end-stage first metatarso-phalangeal joint (MTP) arthritis has been arthrodesis. A dorsal non-locking plate with a lag screw has been the standard traditional fixation method. This study compares the biomechanical strength of a locking compression plate (LCP) with and without internal compression versus this known gold standard. METHODS In group 1, six matched pairs of cadaver great toes were used to compare the standard non-locking dorsal plate and 3.5mm lag screw to an anatomic locking compression plate in which a lag screw was utilized rather than the internal compression features of the plate. In group 2, another six matched pairs of cadaver great toes were used to compare the gold standard to the locking compression plate, utilizing the plate's internal compression feature instead of a lag screw. A material testing system (MTS) machine applied loads to the MTP joints and measured displacement and stiffness of the constructs. The stiffness of the constructs (Young's modulus) was calculated from the force-displacement curves, and the displacement was measured. RESULTS The locking compression plate group that used the compression features of the plate, without the lag screw, had less joint displacement and higher stiffness than control (p<0.05). The same plating construct in which a lag screw was used rather than internal compression of the plate was found to be stiffer than the control (p<0.05), but displacement was not statistically significant. DISCUSSION The results suggest that a locking compression plate alone provides the stiffest construct for a first MTP joint fusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mandell
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - John Karbassi
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Hanbing Zhou
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Brian Burroughs
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Philip Aurigemma
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Abhay R Patel
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The anatomy of the lesser toes is highly complicated and not yet well understood. The high propensity of the metatarsophalangeal joint to develop hyperextension deformity should be recognized. Surgeons should provide each patient with a realistic expectation for lesser toe reconstructive procedures. A successful surgical result requires a well-planned procedure, accurate execution using proper techniques, and meticulous postoperative care. When complications occur, surgeons should identify culprits so that proper treatment strategies can be successfully executed. This article discusses a wide array of tactics to manage common complications in lesser toe surgery.
Collapse
|
31
|
Naidoo N, Pillay B, Bubb M, Pym A, Chiliza T, Naidoo K, Ndung'u T, Kasprowicz VO, Pillay M. Evaluation of a synthetic peptide for the detection of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili IgG antibodies in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 109:80-84. [PMID: 29559125 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious threat in underdeveloped areas. Mycobacterium tuberculosis curli pili (MTP), a virulence factor, is a potential biomarker for a reliable point of care (POC) test and was evaluated for its ability to react with Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in TB patients. An MTP synthetic peptide in a slot blot assay was used to screen serum/plasma samples (n = 65) in 3 separate cohorts, including 40 TB positive (16 HIV co-infected), 20 TB negative/HIV negative patients and 5 healthy volunteers. Forty samples were true positives (HIV positive, n = 16), 23 true negatives (HIV negative) and 2 false positives (HIV negative). The McNemar test demonstrated a 3.08% accuracy estimate (CI: -2.1% - 3.08%). This confirms that MTP is expressed during infection, including HIV-TB co-infection, is likely to be suitable for the design of a POC test and supports the validation of MTP for TB detection in larger patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Naidoo
- Medical Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | | - Martin Bubb
- National Bioproducts Institute, South Africa
| | - Alexander Pym
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Thamsanqa Chiliza
- Discipline of Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- South African Medical Research Council HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, USA; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Germany
| | - Victoria O Kasprowicz
- Africa Health Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li J, Liu M, Guo X, Xu S, Wei Y, Liu Z, Song C. Interconnected Hierarchical ZSM-5 with Tunable Acidity Prepared by a Dealumination-Realumination Process: A Superior MTP Catalyst. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:26096-26106. [PMID: 28714669 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ZSM-5 that uses TPAOH as a template has an Al-rich exterior and defective Si-rich interior; thus, a simple base leaching selectively removed the Si-rich interior while the Al-rich exterior was protected. This catalyst showed no change in stability comparing with parent ZSM-5 during the MTP reaction that was attributed to the enclosed hollow structure and richly acidic outer shell. A preliminary fluorination, however, both removed defective Si-sites and caused distortion in tetrahedral aluminum that made the outer shell susceptible to alkaline treatment. These distorted tetrahedral Al were mostly leached out by NaOH in 1 min. Furthermore, aluminum in the filtrate was slowly redeposited onto the zeolite, serving as external pore-directing agents to control silicon dissolution from the Si-rich interior. This dealumination-realumination alkaline treatment process led to a higher solid yield and a uniform opened-mesopore structure with mesopores around 13 nm in diameter. This material was characterized by SEM, TEM, N2 adsorption, and mercury porosimetry. In addition, NH3-TPD, OH-IR, 27Al MAS NMR, and 1H MAS NMR results demonstrated that the reinserted Al were unlike the framework Al, contributing less to acidity. The dealumination-realumination process, therefore, was also capable of tuning the acidity of the mesoporous ZSM-5. This mesoporous catalyst exhibited a longer lifetime and a higher propylene selectivity than other catalysts with an enclosed mesopore structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yingxu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chunshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, EMS Energy Institute, PSU-DUT Joint Center for Energy Research, Pennsylvania State University , University Park 16802, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Iqbal J, Walsh MT, Hammad SM, Hussain MM. Sphingolipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Metabolic Disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:506-518. [PMID: 28462811 PMCID: PMC5474131 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structurally and functionally diverse molecules with significant physiologic functions and are found associated with cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins. The cellular and plasma concentrations of sphingolipids are altered in several metabolic disorders and may serve as prognostic and diagnostic markers. Here we discuss various sphingolipid transport mechanisms and highlight how changes in cellular and plasma sphingolipid levels contribute to cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Understanding of the mechanisms involved in intracellular transport, secretion, and extracellular transport may provide novel information that might be amenable to therapeutic targeting for the treatment of various metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, MNGHA, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meghan T Walsh
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA; VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11209; Center for Diabetes and Obesity Research, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Allen CJ, Shariatmadar S, Meizoso JP, Hanna MM, Mora JL, Ray JJ, Namias N, Dudaryk R, Proctor KG. Liquid plasma use during "super" massive transfusion protocol. J Surg Res 2015; 199:622-8. [PMID: 26182996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A massive transfusion protocol (MTP) presents a logistical challenge for most blood banks and trauma centers. We compare the ratio of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and plasma transfused over serial time points in those requiring MTP (10-30 U PRBC/24 h) to those requiring "super" MTP (S-MTP; >30 U PRBC/24 h) and test the hypothesis that changes in allocation of blood products with use of readily transfusable liquid plasma (LP) improves the ratio of PRBC and plasma during S-MTP. MATERIALS AND METHODS All transfused trauma patients (n = 1305) from January 01, 2009-April, 03, 2015 were reviewed. PRBC:plasma ratio was compared for MTP (n = 277) and S-MTP (n = 61) patients, before and after the availability of LP at our institution. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). RESULTS Age was 41 ± 19 y, 52% blunt mechanism, injury severity score 32 ± 16, and 46.3% mortality. In 24 h, requirements were 17 (14) U PRBC and 10 (11) U plasma, with a PRBC:plasma of 1.6 (0.8). Within the first hour, PRBC:plasma for S-MTP versus MTP was 2.1:1 versus 1.7:1 (P = 0.017). With LP, S-MTP patients received significantly lower PRBC:plasma at the first hour (P < 0.001). Before institutional changes, PRBC:plasma positively correlated with PRBC transfused at hour 1 (r = 0.410, R(2) = 0.168, P < 0.001); after institutional changes and the advent of LP, there was no correlation (r = 0.177, R(2) = 0.031, P = 0.219). CONCLUSIONS Within the first hour of transfusion, units of PRBC transfused positively correlated with PRBC:plasma, and patients receiving S-MTP had higher PRBC:plasma than those receiving MTP. Changes in our institution's MTP protocol to include LP improved the early PRBC:plasma transfused in patients requiring S-MTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey J Allen
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sherry Shariatmadar
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan P Meizoso
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mena M Hanna
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Jose L Mora
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Juliet J Ray
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nicholas Namias
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Roman Dudaryk
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kenneth G Proctor
- Departments of Surgery, Pathology, and Anesthesiology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Plasma levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols, the lipoproteins that transport them, and proteins involved in their absorption from the intestinal lumen fluctuate in a circadian manner. These changes are likely controlled by clock genes expressed in the intestine that are probably synchronized by neuronal and humoral signals from the suprachiasmatic nuclei, which constitute a master clock entrained by light signals from the eyes and from the environment, e.g., food availability. Acute changes in circadian rhythms--e.g., due to nonsynchronous work schedules or a transcontinental flight--may trigger intestinal discomfort. Chronic disruptions in circadian control mechanisms may predispose the individual to irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and peptic ulcer disease. A more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying temporal changes in intestinal activity might allow us to identify novel targets for developing therapeutic approaches to these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmood Hussain
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203, and Virginia New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York 11209;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) represents the most severe lipoprotein disorder, generally attributable to mutation(s) of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), i.e. autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia type 1 (ADH1). Much lower percentages are due to alterations of apolipoprotein B (ADH2), or gain-of-function mutations of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (ADH3). In certain geographical areas a significant number of patients may be affected by an autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH). Mutations may be also combined (two mutations of the same gene, compound heterozygosity), or two in different genes (double heterozygosity). Among the most innovative therapeutic approaches made available recently, inhibitors of the microsomal transfer protein (MTP) system have shown a high clinical potential. MTP plays a critical role in the assembly/secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and its absence leads to apo B deficiency. MTP antagonists dramatically lower LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in animals, although a reported increase of liver fat delayed their clinical development. Lomitapide, the best-studied MTP inhibitor, reduces LDL-C by 50% or more in HoFH patients, with modest, reversible, liver steatosis. Recent US approval has confirmed an acceptable tolerability, provided patients adhere to a strictly low-fat regimen. There are no clinical data on atherosclerosis reduction/regression, but animal models provide encouraging results.
Collapse
|
37
|
Lei L, Liu Y, Wang X, Jiao R, Ma KY, Li YM, Wang L, Man SW, Sang S, Huang Y, Chen ZY. Plasma cholesterol-lowering activity of gingerol- and shogaol-enriched extract is mediated by increasing sterol excretion. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:10515-21. [PMID: 25290252 DOI: 10.1021/jf5043344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the cholesterol-lowering activity of gingerol- and shogaol-enriched ginger extract (GSE). Thirty hamsters were divided into three groups and fed the control diet or one of the two experimental diets containing 0.5 and 1.0% GSE. Plasma total cholesterol, liver cholesterol, and aorta atherosclerotic plaque were dose-dependently decreased with increasing amounts of GSE added into diets. The fecal sterol analysis showed dietary GSE increased the excretion of both neutral and acidic sterols in a dose-dependent manner. GSE down-regulated the mRNA levels of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 protein (NPC1L1), acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), microsomal triacylglycerol transport protein (MTP), and ATP binding cassette transporter 5 (ABCG5), whereas it up-regulated hepatic cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). It was concluded that beneficial modification of the lipoprotein profile by dietary GSE was mediated by enhancing excretion of fecal cholesterol and bile acids via up-regulation of hepatic CYP7A1 and down-regulation of mRNA of intestinal NPC1L1, ACAT2, and MTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Among all the metabolites present in the plasma, lipids, mainly triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol, show extensive circadian rhythms. These lipids are transported in the plasma as part of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are synthesized primarily in the liver and intestine and their production exhibits circadian rhythmicity. Studies have shown that various proteins involved in lipid absorption and lipoprotein biosynthesis show circadian expression. Further, intestinal epithelial cells express circadian clock genes and these genes might control circadian expression of different proteins involved in intestinal lipid absorption. Intestinal circadian clock genes are synchronized by signals emanating from the suprachiasmatic nuclei that constitute a master clock and from signals coming from other environmental factors, such as food availability. Disruptions in central clock, as happens due to disruptions in the sleep/wake cycle, affect intestinal function. Similarly, irregularities in temporal food intake affect intestinal function. These changes predispose individuals to various metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize how circadian rhythms regulate microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, apoAIV, and nocturnin to affect diurnal regulation of lipid absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmood Hussain
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203; and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203; and Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY 11209
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fu J, Wang L, Wang Y, Yang L, Yang Y, Dai S. Photoperiodic control of FT-like gene ClFT initiates flowering in Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 74:230-8. [PMID: 24316581 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene plays crucial roles in regulating the transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase. In this study, we isolated an FT homologous gene (denoted as ClFT) from Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium. The sequencing analysis indicated that the promoter of the ClFT gene contains many elements, such as light response, abscisic acid, drought-inducibility response and CIRCADIAN clock elements. The expression patterns of ClFT in different tissues/organs at different developmental stages and its responses to different photoperiods were observed. ClFT is expressed in all tested organs/tissues, with the highest expression level being observed in the leaves of plants with visible floral buds under the short day (SD) condition. Next, we studied the rhythmic expression of ClFT during different photoperiod treatments and found that the level of ClFT increases with additional hours of continuous dark. ClFT accumulates when the continuous dark period is 12 h, regardless of the duration of light period. The ectopic expression of the ClFT gene in wild type Arabidopsis (Col-0) results in early flowering, with high expression levels of endogenous LFY and SOC1 being observed in transgenic Arabidopsis. All results indicated that the ClFT gene plays an evolutionarily conserved role in promoting flowering in inductive short days in C. lavandulifolium and that this gene could serve as a vital target for the genetic manipulation of flowering time in chrysanthemums.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Fu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Silan Dai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He YH, Kong WL, Wang G, Zhao Y, Bi MX, Na LX, Wang MQ, Perry B, Li Y. The calcium-sensing receptor R990G polymorphism is associated with increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia in obese Chinese. Gene 2014; 533:67-71. [PMID: 24120622 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have demonstrated that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is involved in lipid metabolism; however, whether CaSR polymorphisms affect lipid metabolism in obesity is still unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effects of CaSR polymorphisms on HTG risk in obese Chinese. METHODS A total of 972 subjects with HTG and 1197 with normal triglyceride (NTG) were stratified by body mass index (BMI) into normal weight, overweight or obesity subgroups. After 12-h fasting, CaSR polymorphisms in exon 7 were determined in the blood. Serum lipids and glucose, as well as height, body weight and waist circumference were measured. The anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the NTG subjects were re-evaluated 3 years later. RESULTS There were no genotypic or allelic distribution differences for the A986S or Q1011E polymorphisms between the NTG and HTG groups. However, the G/G genotypic and G allelic distributions of the CaSR R990G polymorphism in the HTG group were higher than the NTG group (p<0.001). After stratification, in obese subjects, the homozygous (G/G) distribution of the CaSR R990G polymorphism in the HTG group was significantly higher than in the NTG group (p=0.001), and showed an increased risk of HTG at baseline [OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.65-3.92, p<0.006]. Interaction of the CaSR R990G polymorphism with BMI was associated with increased risk of HTG (β=0.927, p<0.001). Re-evaluation of the NTG subjects revealed significantly increased serum triglyceride levels in obese homozygous versus wildtype carriers (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the CaSR R990G polymorphism is associated with increased risk of HTG, especially in obese Chinese, and may be a potential genetic predictor of diseases related to HTG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Han He
- National Key Discipline of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics are an emerging class of drugs that hold the promise for silencing "un-druggable" targets,thus creating unique opportunities for innovative medicines. As opposed to gene therapy, oligonucleotides are considered to be more akin to small molecule therapeutics because they are small,completely synthetic in origin, do not integrate into the host genome,and have a defined duration of therapeutic activity after which effects recover to baseline. They offer a high degree of specificity at the genetic level, thereby reducing off-target effects.At the same time, they provide a strategy for targeting any gene in the genome, including transcripts that produce mutated proteins.Oligonucleotide-based therapeutics include short interfering RNA (siRNA), that degrade target mRNA through RISC mediated RNAi; anti-miRs, that target miRNAs; miRNA mimics, that regulate target mRNA; antisense oligonucleotides, that may be working through RNAseH mediated mRNA decay; mRNA upregulation,by targeting long non-coding RNAs; and oligonucleotides induced alternative splicing [1]. All these approaches require some minimal degree of homology at the nucleic acid sequence level for them to be functional. The different mechanisms of action and their relevant activity are outlined in Fig. 1. Besides homology,RNA secondary structure has also been exploited in the case of ribozymes and aptamers, which act by binding to nucleic acids or proteins, respectively. While there have been many reports of gene knockdown and gene modulation in cell lines and mice with all these methods, very few have advanced to clinical stages.The main obstacle to date has been the safe and effective intracellular delivery of these compounds in higher species, including humans. Indeed, their action requires direct interaction with DNA/RNA within the target cell so even when one solves the issues of tissue and cellular access, intracellular/intranuclear location represents yet another barrier to overcome. To date,hepatic delivery of oligonucleotides has been the area with greatest progress, and thus we have focused on liver-targeted therapeutics that have shown promise at the preclinical and/or clinical level.The liver is the largest internal organ in the body, playing a central role in metabolism, detoxification, synthesis, and secretion of major plasma proteins (carrier proteins, coagulation factors,complement components, hormones, and apolipoproteins),and iron homeostasis. It is therefore not surprising that a large number of disease targets reside in the liver where they are susceptible to modulation by oligonucleotide therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfica Sehgal
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu L, Morishima C, Ioannou GN. Dietary cholesterol intake is associated with progression of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C: analysis of the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1661-6.e1-3. [PMID: 23707779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Little is known about whether dietary cholesterol affects disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. METHODS We analyzed data from the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis trial, which included patients with advanced fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis. Cholesterol intake was determined for 608 participants on the basis of responses to food frequency questionnaires, administered at baseline and 1.8 years later. We investigated whether cholesterol intake was associated with clinical progression (death, variceal bleeding, encephalopathy, ascites, peritonitis, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score ≥ 7, or hepatocellular carcinoma) or histologic progression of disease (an increase in Ishak fibrosis score of 2 or more points in a second liver biopsy compared with the first). RESULTS After adjustments for age, sex, race, presence of cirrhosis, body mass index, treatment with peginterferon, lifetime alcohol consumption, smoking, health status, and coffee and macronutrient intake, each higher quartile of cholesterol intake was associated with a 46% increase in the risk of clinical or histologic progression (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.87; P for the trend = .004). Compared with patients in the lowest quartile of cholesterol intake (32-152 mg/day), those in the 3rd (224-310 mg/day; AHR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.45-5.51) and 4th quartiles (>310 mg/day; AHR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.22-6.16) had significantly increased risk of disease progression. CONCLUSIONS On the basis of analysis of data from the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment Against Cirrhosis trial, higher dietary cholesterol intake is associated with higher risk of disease progression in HCV-infected patients with advanced fibrosis or compensated cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hsu WH, Chen TH, Lee BH, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Monascin and ankaflavin act as natural AMPK activators with PPARα agonist activity to down-regulate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:94-103. [PMID: 24275089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Yellow pigments monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) are secondary metabolites derived from Monascus-fermented products. The hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of MS and AK indicate that they have potential on preventing or curing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oleic acid (OA) and high-fat diet were used to induce steatosis in FL83B hepatocytes and NAFLD in mice, respectively. We found that both MS and AK prevented fatty acid accumulation in hepatocytes by inhibiting fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and promoting fatty acid beta-oxidation mediated by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and AMP-activated kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, MS and AK significantly attenuated high-fat diet-induced elevation of total cholesterol (TC), triaceylglycerol (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma. MS and AK promoted AMPK phosphorylation, suppressed the steatosis-related mRNA expression and inflammatory cytokines secretion, as well as upregulated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator (PGC)-1α, and PPARα expression to induce fatty acid oxidation in the liver of mice. We provided evidence that MS and AK act as PPARα agonists to upregulate AMPK activity and attenuate NAFLD. MS and AK may be supplied in food supplements or developed as functional foods to reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hung Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Hsu
- R&D Division, SunWay Biotechnology Company Limited, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ohsaki Y, Cheng J, Yamairi K, Pan X, Hussain MM, Fujimoto T. Inhibition of ADP-ribosylation suppresses aberrant accumulation of lipidated apolipoprotein B in the endoplasmic reticulum. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3696-702. [PMID: 24100140 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ApoB-crescent, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-lipid droplet amalgamation structure, is a useful marker to indicate aberrant lipidated apolipoprotein B accumulation in the hepatocyte ER. Blockade of the ER-to-Golgi transport by either vesicle transport inhibitors or dominant-negative Arf1 caused a significant increase in ApoB-crescents. However, a low concentration of Brefeldin A induced the same result without affecting protein secretion, suggesting ADP-ribosylation as an additional mechanism. ADP-ribosylation inhibitors not only suppressed the increase of ApoB-crescents, but also rapidly dissolved existing ApoB-crescents. These results implicate the involvement of ADP-ribosylation in the ApoB-crescent formation and maintenance process at the ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohsaki
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Iqbal J, Parks JS, Hussain MM. Lipid absorption defects in intestine-specific microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30432-30444. [PMID: 24019513 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.501247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously described apolipoprotein B (apoB)-dependent and -independent cholesterol absorption pathways and the role of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in these pathways. To assess the contribution of these pathways to cholesterol absorption and to determine whether there are other pathways, we generated mice that lack MTP and ABCA1, individually and in combination, in the intestine. Intestinal deletions of Mttp and Abca1 decreased plasma cholesterol concentrations by 45 and 24%, respectively, whereas their combined deletion reduced it by 59%. Acute cholesterol absorption was reduced by 28% in the absence of ABCA1, and it was reduced by 92-95% when MTP was deleted in the intestine alone or together with ABCA1. MTP deficiency significantly reduced triglyceride absorption, although ABCA1 deficiency had no effect. ABCA1 deficiency did not affect cellular lipids, but Mttp deficiency significantly increased intestinal levels of triglycerides and free fatty acids. Accumulation of intestinal free fatty acids, but not triglycerides, in Mttp-deficient intestines was prevented when mice were also deficient in intestinal ABCA1. Combined deficiency of these genes increased intestinal fatty acid oxidation as a consequence of increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α). These studies show that intestinal MTP and ABCA1 are critical for lipid absorption and are the main determinants of plasma and intestinal lipid levels. Reducing their activities might lower plasma lipid concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Iqbal
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203 and
| | - John S Parks
- the Department of Pathology, Section on Lipid Sciences and Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 25157
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- From the Departments of Cell Biology and Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203 and.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Du Q, Bian XL, Xu XL, Zhu B, Yu B, Zhai Q. Role of mitochondrial permeability transition in human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cell death induced by rhein. Fitoterapia 2013; 91:68-73. [PMID: 23994628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rhein, a compound found as a glucoside in the root of rhubarb, is currently a subject of interest for its antitumor properties. The apoptosis of tumor cell lines induced by rhein was observed, and the involvement of mitochondria was established; however, the role of mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) remains unknown. Here we report that MPT plays an important role in the apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cells induced by rhein. After adding rhein to the isolated hepatic mitochondria, swelling effects and the leakage of Ca(2+) were observed. These alterations were suppressed by cyclosporin A (CsA), an MPT inhibitor. Furthermore, in Hep-G2 cells, the decrease of ATP production, the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP), the release of cytochrome c (Cyto c), and the activation of caspase 3 were also observed. These toxic effects of rhein can also be attenuated by CsA as well. Moreover, TUNEL assay confirmed that in the presence of CsA, rhein-induced apoptosis was largely inhibited. These results suggest that MPT plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Hep-G2 cell injury induced by rhein, and imply that MPT may contribute to the anti-cancer activity of rhein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Luwan Branch of Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacy, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Le Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-An Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Significant knowledge regarding different molecules involved in the transport of dietary fat into the circulation has been garnered. Studies point to the possibility that accumulation of intestine-derived lipoproteins in the plasma could contribute to atherosclerosis. This article provides a brief overview of dietary lipid metabolism and studies in mice supporting the hypothesis that intestinal lipoproteins contribute to atherosclerosis. Deficiencies in lipoprotein lipase and Gpihbp1, and overexpression of heparanse in mice, are associated with increases in atherosclerosis, suggesting that defects in catabolism of larger lipoproteins in the plasma contribute to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, inositol-requiring enzyme 1β-deficient mice that produce more intestinal lipoproteins also develop more atherosclerosis. Thus, increases in plasma intestinal lipoproteins due to either overproduction or reduced catabolism result in augmented atherosclerosis. Intestinal lipoproteins tend to adhere strongly to subendothelial proteoglycans, elicit an inflammatory response by endothelial cells and activate macrophages, contributing to the initiation and progression of the disease. Thus, molecules that reduce intestinal lipid absorption can be useful in lowering atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA
| | - Tung Ming Leung
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA
| | - Liye Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA
| | - Sarah Abu-Merhi
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11797, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nourbakhsh M, Douglas DN, Pu CH, Lewis JT, Kawahara T, Lisboa LF, Wei E, Asthana S, Quiroga AD, Law LM, Chen C, Addison WR, Nelson R, Houghton M, Lehner R, Kneteman NM. Arylacetamide deacetylase: a novel host factor with important roles in the lipolysis of cellular triacylglycerol stores, VLDL assembly and HCV production. J Hepatol 2013; 59:336-43. [PMID: 23542347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) are triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoproteins produced by the human liver. VLDLs derive the majority of their TG cargo from the lipolysis of TG stored in hepatocellular lipid droplets (LDs). Important roles for LDs and the VLDL secretory pathway in the cell culture production of infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been established. We hypothesized that TG lipolysis and VLDL production are impaired during HCV infection so that these cellular processes can be diverted towards HCV production. METHODS We used an HCV permissive cell culture system (JFH-1/HuH7.5 cells) to examine the relationship between TG lipolysis, VLDL assembly, and the HCV lifecycle using standard biochemical approaches. RESULTS Lipolysis of cellular TG and VLDL production were impaired in HCV infected cells during the early peak of viral infection. This was partially explained by an apparent deficiency of a putative TG lipase, arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC). The re-introduction of AADAC to infected cells restored cellular TG lipolysis, indicating a role for HCV-mediated downregulation of AADAC in this process. Defective lipolysis of cellular TG stores and VLDL production were also observed in HuH7.5 cells stably expressing a short hairpin RNA targeting AADAC expression, proving AADAC deficiency contributes to these defective pathways. Finally, impaired production of HCV was observed with AADAC knockdown cells, demonstrating a role for AADAC in the HCV lifecycle. CONCLUSIONS This insight into the biology of HCV infection and possibly pathogenesis identifies AADAC as a novel and translationally relevant therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
49
|
Bakala H, Ladouce R, Baraibar MA, Friguet B. Differential expression and glycative damage affect specific mitochondrial proteins with aging in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2057-67. [PMID: 23906978 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by the gradual deterioration of cell functions. Particularly, mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with an accumulation of damaged proteins, is of key importance due to the central role of these organelles in cellular metabolism. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms involved in such impairment have not been completely elucidated. In the present study, proteomic analyses looking at both changes at the expression level as well as to glycative modifications of the mitochondrial proteome were performed. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 16 differentially expressed proteins with aging. Thirteen exhibited a decreased expression and are crucial enzymes related to OXPHOS chain complex I/V components, TCA cycle or fatty acid β-oxidation reaction. On the other hand, 2 enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation cycle were increased in aged mitochondria. Immunodetection and further identification of glycated proteins disclosed a set of advanced glycation end product-modified proteins, including 6 enzymes involved in the fatty acid β-oxidation process, and 2 enzymes of the TCA/urea cycles. A crucial antioxidant enzyme, catalase, was among the most strongly glycated proteins. In addition, several AGE-damaged enzymes (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and 3-ketoacyl-CoA dehydrogenase) exhibited a decreased activity with age. Taken together, these data suggest that liver mitochondria in old rats suffer from a decline in their capacity for energy production, due to (i) decreased expression of OXPHOS complex I/V components and (ii) glycative damage to key fatty acid β-oxidation and TCA/urea cycle enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire Bakala
- Université Paris Diderot-Paris 7, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SDV, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France; Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, UR4-UPMC, IFR 83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Demignot S, Beilstein F, Morel E. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cytosolic lipid droplets in enterocytes: key players in intestinal physiology and metabolic disorders. Biochimie 2013; 96:48-55. [PMID: 23871915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the post-prandial phase, intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) i.e. chylomicrons are the main contributors to the serum lipid level, which is linked to coronary artery diseases. Hypertriglyceridemia can originate from decreased clearance or increased production of TRL. During lipid absorption, enterocytes produce and secrete chylomicrons and transiently store lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytosol. The dynamic fluctuation of triglycerides in cytosolic LDs suggests that they contribute to TRL production and may thus control the length and amplitude of the post-prandial hypertriglyceridemia. In this review, we will describe the recent advances in the characterization of enterocytic LDs. The role of LDs in chylomicron production and secretion as well as potential previously unsuspected functions in the metabolism of vitamins, steroids and prostaglandins and in viral infection will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Demignot
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR S 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Inserm, U 872, Paris, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, UMR S 872, Paris, France; Institut de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|