Potential implication of serum lipid levels as predictive indicators for monitoring oral lichen planus

Compelling evidence indicates that dyslipidemia is positively associated with oral lichen planus (OLP). The types and magnitude of lipid metabolism disturbance in peripheral blood of OLP patients have been investigated in different studies. Yet, consensus on how these different lipid components varied in levels for the development of OLP lesions has not been reached so far. Herein, a total of 8 eligible studies were recognized, which enrolled 533 cases of OLP and 499 healthy controls. The analysis showed that the average total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were considerably higher, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in OLP patients compared to healthy controls. Collectively, the lipid profile panel maybe serve as the potential predictive indicator for screening OLP.

A non-linear connection between the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and stroke risk: a retrospective cohort study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

OBJECTIVE

The connection between total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and stroke risk is controversial. This study aims to examine the connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke in middle-aged and older individuals who are part of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).

METHODS

This study conducted a retrospective cohort analysis, enrolling a total of 10,184 participants who met the designated criteria from CHARLS between 2011 and 2012. We then used the Cox proportional-hazards regression model to analyze the relationship between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting, we were able to identify the non-linear relationship between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke occurrence. The sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed to investigate the connection between TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke.

RESULTS

This study revealed a statistically significant association between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk in subjects aged 45 years or older after adjusting for risk factors (HR: 1.05, 95%CI 1.00-1.10, P = 0.0410). Furthermore, a non-linear connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk was detected, with a TC/HDL-C ratio inflection point of 3.71. We identified a significant positive connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk, when the TC/HDL-C ratio was less than 3.71 (HR: 1.25, 95%CI 1.07-1.45, P = 0.0039). However, their connection was not significant when the TC/HDL-C ratio exceeded 3.71 (HR: 1.00, 95%CI 0.94-1.06, P = 0.9232). The sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses revealed that our findings were well-robust.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated a positive, non-linear connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk in middle-aged and older individuals. There was a significant positive connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk, when the TC/HDL-C ratio was less than 3.71. The current research can be used as a guideline to support clinician consultation and optimize stroke prevention measures for middle-aged and older adults.

The association between variability of risk factors and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study

The variability in diabetes risk factors, such as uric acid and lipids, may influence the development of complications. This study aimed to investigate the influence of such variability on the occurrence of diabetic complications. A retrospective analysis of electronic medical records was conducted with type 2 diabetic patients who received treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, between 2013 and 2022. The risk factor variability is presented as the standard deviation (SD). The associations between the variability and complications were examined using a binary logistic regression model. The study included 369 patients with type 2 diabetes. The findings revealed that outpatient special disease management served as a protective factor against the development of complications [OR = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.29-0.10)], particularly for the prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy [OR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.30-0.86)]. Variability in total cholesterol (TC-SD) was found to be a risk factor for the development of complications [OR = 2.42, 95% CI (1.18-4.97)] and acted as a risk factor for diabetic peripheral vasculopathy [OR = 2.50, 95% CI (1.25-5.02)]. TC-SD is a risk factor for the occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and diabetic peripheral vasculopathy, whereas outpatient special disease management functions as a protective factor against complications and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Thus, in addition to glycaemic control, the regulation of lipid levels should be emphasized, particularly among patients without outpatient special disease management, to delay the onset of complications.

Body composition in second trimester is associated with dyslipidemia in third trimester

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between maternal body composition during the second trimester and the occurrence of dyslipidemia in the third trimester.

METHODS

A cohort of 1508 pregnant women who underwent antenatal testing at Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, were included in this study. Maternal body composition was assessed using bioimpedance analysis between 14 and 22 weeks of gestation.

RESULTS

Among the 1508 participants, a total of 1420 individuals (94.2%) were diagnosed with dyslipidemia. Notably, there were significant differences in body composition between the normal lipid group and the dyslipidemia group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that various factors including BMI, total body water (TBW), intra-cellular water (ICW), extra-cellular water (ECW), percent body fat (PBF), visceral fat area (VFA), fat-free mass (FFM) and arm circumference (AC) during the second trimester were all found to be associated with dyslipidemia in the third trimester.

CONCLUSION

The present study found that maternal body composition was associated with dyslipidemia. The BMI, TBW, ICW, ECW, PBF, VFA, FFM and AC in second trimester were associated with dyslipidemia in third trimester.

Dyslipidemia versus obesity as predictors of ischemic stroke prognosis: a multi-center study in China

BACKGROUND

This multicenter observational study aimed to determine whether dyslipidemia or obesity contributes more significantly to unfavorable clinical outcomes in patients experiencing a first-ever ischemic stroke (IS).

METHODS

The study employed a machine learning predictive model to investigate associations among body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) with adverse outcomes in IS patients. Extensive real-world clinical data was utilized, and risk factors significantly linked to adverse outcomes were identified through multivariate analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), and regression discontinuity design (RDD) techniques. Furthermore, these findings were validated via a nationwide multicenter prospective cohort study.

RESULTS

In the derived cohort, a total of 45,162 patients diagnosed with IS were assessed, with 522 experiencing adverse outcomes. A multifactorial analysis incorporating PSM and RDD methods identified TG (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.110; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.041-1.183; P <  0.01) and TC (adjusted OR = 1.139; 95%CI: 1.039-1.248; P <  0.01) as risk factors. However, BMI, BFP, and HDL showed no significant effect. In the validation cohort, 1410 controls and 941 patients were enrolled, confirming that lipid levels are more strongly correlated with the prognosis of IS patients compared to obesity (TC, OR = 1.369; 95%CI: 1.069-1.754; P <  0.05; TG, OR = 1.332; 95%CI: 1.097-1.618; P <  0.01).

CONCLUSION

This study suggests that dyslipidemia has a more substantial impact on the prognosis of IS patients compared to obesity. This highlights the importance of prioritizing dyslipidemia management in the treatment and prevention of adverse outcomes in IS patients.

TOMM40 Correlates with Cholesterol and is Predictive of a Favorable Prognosis in Endometrial Carcinoma

BACKGROUND

A link between cholesterol and endometrial cancer has been established, but current studies have been limited in their findings. We aimed to elucidate the causal relationship between cholesterol and endometrial cancer and to find prognostic genes for endometrial cancer.

METHODS

We first explored the causal relationship between total cholesterol and endometrial cancer using two-sample Mendelian randomization and then obtained differential genes to screen for prognosis-related genes in endometrial cancer. Then, we utilized pan-cancer analysis based on RNA sequencing data to evaluate the expression pattern and immunological role of the Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 40 (TOMM40). Through multiple transcriptome datasets and multi-omics in-depth analysis, we comprehensively explore the relationship of TOMM40 expression with clinicopathologic characteristics, clinical outcomes and mutations in endometrial cancer. Lastly, we systematically associated the TOMM40 with different cancers from immunological properties from numerous perspectives, such as immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint inhibitors, immunotherapy, gene mutation load and microsatellite instability.

RESULTS

We found a negative association between cholesterol and endometrial cancer. A total of 78 genes were enriched by relevant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 12 upregulated genes and 5 downregulated genes in endometrial cancer. TOMM40 was found to be a prognostic gene associated with endometrial cancer by prognostic analysis. TOMM40 was found to be positively correlated with the infiltration of most immune cells and immunization checkpoints in a subsequent study. Meanwhile, TOMM40 also was an oncogene in many cancer types. High TOMM40 was associated with lower genome stability.

CONCLUSION

The findings of our study indicate that the maintenance of normal total cholesterol metabolism is associated with a decreased risk of developing endometrial cancer. Moreover, TOMM40 may have potential as a prognostic indicator for endometrial cancer.

Resistance training maintains physical function but does not prevent changes in body composition and biochemical markers after detraining in aging adults

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of 10 weeks of resistance training (RT) and subsequent 4 weeks of detraining on physical function, body composition, and biochemical markers in aging adults.

METHODS

The study sample was selected by convenience and consisted of 12 women with a mean age of 58 ± 7 years. Physical function [Latin-American Group of Development for Maturity (GDLAM) general index], body composition, total and fractional cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemia were assessed before and after RT (10 weeks) and detraining (4 weeks).

RESULTS

After 10 weeks of RT, there were improvements in fat-free mass (39.1 ± 4.2 vs. 39.9 ± 4.4 kg; p < 0.05 and d = 0.2), fat mass (39.9 ± 6.3% vs. 38.7 ± 6.4%; p < 0.05 and d = -0.2), conicity index (1.47 ± 0.07 vs. 1.43 ± 0.06; p = 0.001 and d = -0.6), and physical function (GDLAM index [27.2 ± 5.5 vs. 25.0 ± 4.7; p = 0.001 and d = -0.4]). Significant improvements were also found in total cholesterol (271.8 ± 75.7 vs. 217.2 ± 52.2 mg/dL; p < 0.01 and d = -0.8), LDL-cholesterol (196.5 ± 61.6 vs. 159.3 ± 38.5 mg/dL; p < 0.01 and d = -0.7), HDL-cholesterol (53.1 ± 7.3 vs. 64.3 ± 23.7 mg/dL; p < 0.05 and d = 0.7), and triglycerides (165.8 ± 32.6 vs. 139.9 ± 46.6 mg/dL; p = 0.001 and d = -0.6). After the detraining period, all benefits in physical function were successfully maintained.

CONCLUSION

RT provided benefits in physical function, body composition, and biochemical markers in aging adults. However, 4-week detraining impaired body composition and biochemical markers in the investigated sample.

Dyslipidemia in adults with congenital heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AIMS

Several particular characteristics of patients with congenital heart disease could affect lipid levels. The objectives of this study were: a) to analyze the prevalence of dyslipidemia in congenital heart disease patients; 2) to compare lipid levels between congenital heart disease patients and a control group.

DATA SYNTHESIS

This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42023432041). A literature search was performed to detect studies that have reported lipid levels or the prevalence of dyslipidemia in congenital heart disease patients. We performed a qualitative analysis (studies that reported dyslipidemia prevalence) and quantitative analysis (studies that compared lipid values between congenital heart disease patients and controls). In total, 29 observational studies involving 22,914 patients with congenital heart disease and 641,086 controls were eligible for this review. The reported presence of "hyperlipidemia" or "dyslipidemia" ranged from 14.3% to 69.9%. When studies analyzed lipid variables dichotomously between congenital heart disease patients and controls, the results were conflicting. The quantitative analysis showed that patients with congenital heart disease have lower levels of total cholesterol (MD: -18.9 [95% CI: -22.2 to -15.7]; I2 = 93%), LDL-C (MD: -10.7 [95% CI: -13.1 to -8.3]; I2 = 90%) and HDL-C (MD: -6.3 [95% CI: -7.7 to -4.9]; I2 = 95%) compared to controls.

CONCLUSIONS

The qualitative analysis showed some concerns, but the quantitative analysis indicates that congenital heart disease patients showed lower levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C compared to controls. New research should be developed to clarify this relevant topic.

Exploratory analysis of the associations between neonicotinoids insecticides and serum lipid profiles among US adults: A cross-sectional, population-based study

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) are widely used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and household environment, but their potential impact on human health remains a subject of concern. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NNIs and their metabolites in urine with serum lipid profiles in adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. The study included 1192 participants aged over 20 years with urinary NNIs levels, serum lipid parameter levels and potential confounders. Urinary concentrations of NNIs, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid, were quantified. Serum lipids profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), were assessed. Considering the effects of lipid-lowering medications, the censored normal regression model was used to explore the associations between urinary NNIs and TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and Apo-B levels. The results revealed a significant increase of 9.0 mg/dL (95%CI: 2.0, 16.1) in TC levels among participants with detectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid compared to those with undetectable levels. Stratified analysis indicated that the association between N-desmethyl-acetamiprid and HDL-C levels was more pronounced among participants aged ≥ 46 years compared to those aged between 20 and 45 years with undetectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (pinteraction=0.044). Additionally, there were marginal effect modification of BMI on the association between N-desmethyl-acetamiprid and LDL-C (pinteraction=0.097) and Apo-B (pinteraction=0.052) levels. Specifically, participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² and detectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid tended to have higher LDL-C and Apo-B levels compared to those with BMI < 25 kg/m² and undetectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid. However, no significant associations were observed between other NNIs and lipid profiles in the present study. To validate these findings, further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted, particularly within populations characterized by a high detection rate of NNIs.

Association between serum total cholesterol and chronic kidney disease progression in children: results from the KNOW-PedCKD

BACKGROUND

Dyslipidemia can cause cardiovascular disease and increase the fatality rate among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD); this makes early screening and treatment of dyslipidemia crucial. This study aimed to assess the association between the changes in serum total cholesterol levels over time and the degree of CKD progression in children.

METHODS

From April 2011 to August 2021, 379 of the 432 participants enrolled in the KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Pediatric CKD (KNOW-PedCKD) were included and divided into 4 categories based on total cholesterol levels (< 170 mg/dL, acceptable; 170-199, borderline; 200-239, high; and ≥ 240, very high). Survival analysis using conventional and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model were performed for a composite event of CKD progression (≥ 50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline, a twofold increase in creatinine, or the occurrence of dialysis or kidney transplantation).

RESULT

The incidence of composite event of CKD progression was 96.3, 90.4, 87.3, and 270.6 cases per 1000 person-years in the acceptable, borderline, high, and very high categories, respectively. On using the time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model, the hazard ratio of the very high category was significantly higher than that of the acceptable category by 3.13 times as per univariate analysis and 2.37 times as per multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Very high serum total cholesterol is a significant risk factor for CKD progression in children. Lowering total cholesterol levels below the very high category in children with CKD may delay the progression of CKD. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.

Hepatic Vagotomy in Patients With Obesity Leads to Improvement of the Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio

INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE

The obesity epidemic is rapidly growing, and visceral adiposity is associated with metabolic consequences secondary to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-induced inter-organ signaling pathways. PPARs are ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate vagal pathways which can improve blood pressure, arterial remodeling, cholesterol levels, and insulin sensitivity. However, an obesity-induced inflammatory milieu can interfere with the beneficial effects of PPAR activity, suggesting that a dysregulated PPAR-vagus pathway may play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension. Therefore, we hypothesized that hepatic vagotomy (HV) in patients with obesity would result in a significant reduction in blood pressure and/or the number of hypertension medications compared to control.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective chart review of 160 patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Patients were divided into HV and control groups, and information was collected at each clinic visit.

RESULTS

At six-months post-operation, the HV group was found to have significantly lower total cholesterol (TC)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratios than the control group. The HV group also had a numerically better blood profile for TC, HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and LDL/HDL ratio. Hypertensive patients in the HV group showed numerically lower hypertension medication counts after six weeks when compared to control.

CONCLUSION

We present the first study to report clinically significant changes related to HV in human subjects. Our results did not support our initial hypothesis but did demonstrate an improvement of the TC/HDL ratio with HV in patients with obesity. Future studies should confirm these findings in a randomized control trial.

Association of triglyceride-glucose index with the risk of prostate cancer: a retrospective study

Background

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Some studies have shown that risk factors for prostate cancer are related to insulin resistance. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a marker of insulin resistance. We investigated the validity of TyG index for predicting prostate cancer and the dose-response relationship in prostate cancer in relation to it.

Objective

To investigate the risk factors of TyG index and prostate cancer prevalence.

Methods

This study was screened from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and included 767 people, including 136 prostate cancer patients in the case group and 631 healthy people in the control group. The relationship between TyG index and the risk of prostate cancer was analyzed by one-way logistic regression, adjusted for relevant factors, and multi-factor logistic regression analysis was performed to further investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of prostate cancer. ROC curves and Restricted Cubic Spline were established to determine the predictive value and dose-response relationship of TyG index in prostate cancer.

Results

Blood potassium (OR = 0.056, 95% CI [0.021-0.148]), total cholesterol (OR = 1.07, 95% CI [0.792-1.444]) and education level (OR = 0.842, 95% CI [0.418-1.697]) were protective factors for prostate cancer, alkaline phosphatase, age, LDL, increased the risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.016, 95% CI [1.006-1.026]) (OR = 139.253, 95% CI [18.523-1,046.893] (OR = 0.318, 95% CI [0.169-0.596]); TyG index also was a risk factor for prostate cancer, the risk increased with TyG levels,and persons in the TyGQ3 group (8.373-8.854 mg/dL) was 6.918 times (95% CI [2.275-21.043]) higher than in the Q1 group,in the TyGQ4 group (≥8.854) was 28.867 times of those in the Q1 group (95% CI [9.499-87.727]).

Conclusion

TyG index may be a more accurate and efficient predictor of prostate cancer.

Association between total cholesterol and lumbar bone density in Chinese: a study of physical examination data from 2018 to 2023

BACKGROUND

The impact of total cholesterol (TC) on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) is a topic of interest. However, empirical evidence on this association from demographic surveys conducted in China is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between serum TC and lumbar BMD in a sample of 20,544 Chinese adults between the ages of 20 and 80 years over a period of 5 years, from February 2018 to February 2023. Thus, we investigated the effect of serum TC level on lumbar BMD and its relationship with bone reduction in a Chinese adult population.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study used data obtained from the Department of Health Management at Henan Provincial People's Hospital between February 2018 and February 2023. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between serum TC and lumbar BMD in individuals of different sexes. The research methodology encompassed population description, analysis of stratification, single-factor and multiple-equation regression analyses, smooth curve fitting, and analysis of threshold and saturation effects. The R and EmpowerStats software packages were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS

After adjusting for confounding variables, a multiple linear regression model revealed a significant correlation between TC and lumbar BMD in men. In subgroup analysis, serum TC was found to have a positive association with lumbar BMD in men, specifically those aged 45 years or older, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging from 24 to 28 kg/m2. A U-shaped correlation arose between serum TC and lumbar BMD was detected in women of different ages and BMI, the inflection point was 4.27 mmol/L for women aged ≥ 45 years and 4.35 mmol/L for women with a BMI of ≥ 28 kg/m2.

CONCLUSION

In this study, Chinese adults aged 20-80 years displayed different effects of serum TC on lumbar BMD in sex-specific populations. Therefore, monitoring BMI and serum TC levels in women of different ages could prevent osteoporosis and osteopenia.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines (No. 2015-12-02). These data are part of the China Health Quantitative CT Big Data Research team, which has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (code: NCT03699228).

Surgical site infection following fasciotomy in patients with acute forearm compartment syndrome: a retrospective analysis of risk factors

PURPOSE

Fasciotomy, a standard therapy for acute forearm compartment syndrome (AFCS), can prevent serious complications, but there may be significant postoperative consequences. Surgical site infection (SSI) may cause fever, discomfort, and potentially fatal sepsis. This study aimed to identify risk factors for SSI in AFCS patients who had undergone fasciotomy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Patients with AFCS who had fasciotomies between November 2013 and January 2021 were recruited. We collected demographic information, comorbidities, and admission laboratory results. Analyses of continuous data were conducted using the t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis, while analyses of categorical data were conducted using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

RESULTS

Sixteen AFCS patients (13.9%) suffered infections that need further therapy. Using the logistic regression analysis, we identified that patients with a history of diabetes (p = 0.028, OR = 16.353, 95% CI (1.357, 197.001)), open fractures (p = 0.026, OR = 5.239, 95% CI (1.223, 22.438)), and a higher level of TC (p = 0.004, OR = 4.871, 95% CI (1.654-14.350)) were the best predictors of SSI, while ALB levels (p = 0.004, OR = 0.776, 95% CI (0.653-0.924)) were protective for SSI in AFCS patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results showed that open fractures, diabetes, and TC levels were relevent risk factors for SSI following fasciotomy in patients with AFCS, allowing us to personalize the risk assessment and apply early targeted interventions.

Association Between Blood Calcium, Magnesium, and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adults: a Cohort-Based Case-Control Study

Previous studies have shown that calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and Ca/Mg ratio are associated with inflammation and metabolic disorders, but their relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to explore the association between Ca, Mg, Ca/Mg ratio, and NAFLD in Chinese adults. We conducted a case-control study based on the Kailuan Cohort in China, including 1816 cases and 1111 gender- and age-matched controls. Dose-response relationships between blood Ca, Mg, Ca/Mg ratio, and NAFLD were evaluated using restricted cubic splines. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression models. A negative association between blood Ca (overall association P < 0.001 and linear association P < 0.001) and NAFLD as well as Ca/Mg ratio (overall association P = 0.002 and linear association P = 0.024) and NAFLD was observed. Compared with the highest quartile, the adjusted OR (95% CI) for the lowest quartile of Ca and Ca/Mg ratio was 2.116 (1.679-2.667) and 1.358 (1.076-1.713), respectively. A U-shaped relationship was found for blood Mg and NAFLD, with the highest OR of 1.685 in the lowest quartile group when using the second quartile as a reference. Additionally, we observed the interaction between alanine aminotransferase and blood Ca (P = 0.024), total cholesterol (P = 0.017), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = 0.013), and blood Mg, as well as total cholesterol and Ca/Mg ratio (P = 0.014). Lower blood Ca and Ca/Mg ratio were significantly associated with the risk of NAFLD. Liver function or lipid metabolism parameters may modify their association, suggesting an individualized prevention strategy for NAFLD.

Meta-analysis of the Current Research on the Relationship Between Blood Lipid Levels and the Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation

BACKGROUND

There is still debate in the literature about the relationship between lipid profile and the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). In order to assess the association between blood lipid profiles and incidence of AF, this review was conducted to perform a meta-analysis of all available studies.

METHODS

This review analysed all studies up to 28 February 2023 in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library that included data regarding blood lipid levels and incidence of AF. For the purpose of calculating pooled estimates, the hazard ratios were extracted from all studies.

RESULTS

Fourteen studies including 19 cohorts with 3,990,484 patients were included in this meta-analysis. An elevation of one standard deviation in total cholesterol (TC) level was associated with an 8% reduction (HR=0.92, 0.88-0.96; p<0.01) in the risk of developing AF. Although increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were associated with a 7% reduction in the development of AF (HR=0.93, 0.87-1.00; p=0.04), there was high heterogeneity in the random effects model (I2=92%). Changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not found to be associated with AF risk in the pooled analysis. Dose-response meta-analysis showed that TC was inversely linearly associated with the risk of AF (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Higher TC levels were shown to be independently attributed to an increased risk of AF in individuals without cardiovascular disease. There was no association between the incidence of AF and triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood levels.

Serum lipid levels are associated with orthostatic hypotension in multiple system atrophy patients

OBJECTIVES

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is one of the most important autonomic features of multiple system atrophy (MSA). This study was established to confirm the correlation between lipid levels and OH in MSA.

METHODS

A total of 580 patients with probable or possible MSA from neurological wards in six hospitals in Tianjin, Beijing, Hebei Province, and Henan Province, China, were included in this study. The tilt test or stand test was used to assess the severity of OH. Lipid contents, including total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride were evaluated.

RESULTS

Serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride in MSA-OH patients were significantly lower than those in MSA without OH. The risks of OH were significantly higher in the lowest quartiles of triglyceride and LDL-C than in the highest quartiles, after adjusting for confounders (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.23-3.82, P = 0.008 and OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.16-3.47, P = 0.012). The risk of severe OH was significantly higher in the lowest quartile and the second quartile of triglyceride than in the highest quartile after adjusting for confounders (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.20-3.87, P = 0.010 and OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.24-4.07, P = 0.007). Moreover, the risk of OH was significantly higher in the lowest quartile, and the third quartile of TC than in the highest quartile after adjusting for confounders (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.18-3.52, P = 0.010 and OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.19-3.56, P = 0.010).

CONCLUSION

Low levels of TC, LDL-C, and triglyceride increased the risk of OH in MSA. A low level of triglyceride predicted severe OH in MSA.

[Correlation Between Plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Lipid Levels in Hyperlipidemic Patients]

Objective

To investigate the correlation between the plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipid levels in hyperlipidemic patients.

Methods

A total of 130 patients who received treatment and underwent coronary angiography at the Heart Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between March 2019 and March 2021 were enrolled. Patients' plasma TMAO levels were determined by stable isotope liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The correlation between plasma TMAO levels and the levels of lipids, including triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), was analyzed.

Results

Patients with hyperlipidemia had higher plasma TMAO levels (μmol/L) than patients without hyperlipidemia did (6.73±5.40 vs. 3.82±2.65), with the difference being statistically significant ( P<0.05). After controlling for the effects of age and body mass index, partial correlation analysis revealed that plasma TMAO levels were positively correlated with plasma TG ( r=0.286, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with HDL-C ( r=-0.366, P<0.001).

Conclusion

There is a correlation between plasma TMAO levels and lipid levels in hyperlipidemic patients.

Trends in Serum Total Cholesterol and High Total Cholesterol Prevalence Among Royal Thai Army Personnel in Thailand, 2017-2022

INTRODUCTION

High total cholesterol (TC) is a robust-documented risk factor for atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases. Approximately one-fourth (23.5%) of Thai civilians had high TC. However, the information on high TC among the Royal Thai Army (RTA) personnel is limited.

AIM

The study aimed to identify the trends in serum TC and high TC prevalence among RTA personnel from 2017 to 2022.

METHODS

A serial cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2022 was conducted. A total of 318,353 active-duty RTA personnel aged 35-60 years were included in the study. High TC was defined as fasting TC ≥ 240 mg/dL. A multivariable log-binomial regression analysis was performed to investigate factors associated with high TC.

RESULTS

The overall age- and sex-adjusted high TC prevalence was 26.3% in 2017 and dropped to 22.9% in 2020; then, it increased to 26.4% in 2022 (p for quadratic trend < 0.001). Younger-aged RTA personnel have significantly rising trends in sex-adjusted high TC prevalence over 6 years. In the south, the age- and sex-adjusted high TC prevalence was 24.4% in 2017 and substantially rose to 33.6% in 2022 (p for quadratic trend < 0.001). Meanwhile, in the northeast, it rose by 3.6% over 6 years. High body mass index, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia were associated with high TC prevalence among this population.

CONCLUSION

High TC was a common essential health issue among RTA personnel. Rising trends in mean serum TC and high TC prevalence from 2017 to 2022 were discovered, especially in younger participants and those residing in the south and northeast.

Real-world practice-based prognostic model for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes treated with azacitidine monotherapy: The Kyoto prognostic scoring system

The prognostic impact of patient-related factors, including age, nutritional parameters, and inflammation status, in higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (HR-MDS) has been largely unexplored. This multicenter retrospective study aimed to establish a real-world practice-based prognostic model for HR-MDS by considering both disease- and patient-related parameters in 233 patients treated with AZA monotherapy at seven institutions. We found that anemia, presence of circulating blasts in peripheral blood, low absolute lymphocyte count, low total cholesterol (T-cho) and albumin serum levels, complex karyotype, and del(7q) or  - 7 were poor prognostic factors. Therefore, we developed a new prognostic model called the Kyoto Prognostic Scoring System (KPSS) by incorporating the two variables with the highest C-indexes (complex karyotype and serum T-cho level). The KPSS classified patients into the following three groups: good (0 risk factors), intermediate (1), and poor (2). Median overall survival for these groups was 24.4, 11.3, and 6.9, respectively (p < 0.001). The discriminatory power of the KPSS was higher than that of the traditional International Prognostic Scoring System. In conclusion, we identified several nutritional parameters with prognostic relevance in patients with HR-MDS and generated a prognostic model consisting of complex karyotype and serum T-cho level that enabled excellent risk stratification.

Association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE

The association between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profiles in adults with overweight or obesity remains unclear and inconsistent. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between lipid profiles and vitamin D deficiency in the overweight and obese adults.

METHODS

Four databases, including PubMed, the Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, were used to identify all studies on vitamin D status and lipid levels, including the serum levels of triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). The Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models was used to assess the association between the lipid profile and vitamin D deficiency.

RESULTS

Twenty-one articles that included a total of 7952 adults with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were included. The overall results revealed that compared with the controls, individuals with vitamin D deficiency showed higher levels of TG (WMD = 15.01; 95%CI, 2.51-27.52) and TC (WMD = 8.61; 95%CI, 1.31-15.92). Moreover, vitamin D deficiency was related to an increased level of LDL (WMD = 6.12; 95%CI, 0.02-12.23). HDL level was inversely associated with the vitamin D deficiency status (WMD = -2.57; 95%CI, -4.26, -0.88).

CONCLUSIONS

Among the adults with overweight or obesity, the vitamin D deficient group displayed impaired lipid profiles, including increased TG, TC and LDL levels and reduced HDL level.

Dietary intakes of branched-chain amino acids and plasma lipid profiles among filipino women in Korea: the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL)

BACKGROUND

The potential role of dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in metabolic health, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is evolving, and it is yet to be understood if dietary BCAA intakes are associated with plasma lipid profiles or dyslipidaemia. This study tested the association of dietary BCAA intakes with plasma lipid profiles and dyslipidaemia among Filipino women in Korea.

METHODS

Energy-adjusted dietary BCAA intakes (isoleucine, leucine, valine, and total BCAA) and fasting blood profiles of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined in a sample of 423 women enrolled in the Filipino Women's Diet and Health Study (FiLWHEL). The generalized linear model was applied to estimate least-square (LS) means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and compare plasma TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C across tertile distribution of energy-adjusted dietary BCAA intakes at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

Mean of energy-adjusted dietary total BCAA intake was 8.3 ± 3.9 g/d. Average plasma lipid profiles were 88.5 ± 47.4 mg/dl for TG, 179.7 ± 34.5 mg/dl for TC, 58.0 ± 13.7 mg/dl for HDL-C, and 104.0 ± 30.5 mg/dl for LDL-C. LS means, and 95% CIs across tertiles of energy-adjusted total BCAA intakes were 89.9 mg/dl, 88.8 mg/dl and 85.8 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.45) for TG, 179.1 mg/dl, 183.6 mg/dl and 176.5 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.48) for TC, 57.5 mg/dl, 59.6 mg/dl and 57.1 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.75) for HDL-C and 103.6 mg/dl, 106.2 mg/dl and 102.3 mg/dl (P-trend = 0.68) for LDL-C. Furthermore, the multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for dyslipidaemia across increasing tertile distribution of energy-adjusted total BCAA intake were; 1.00, 0.67 (0.40, 1.13) and 0.45 (0.16, 1.27; P-trend = 0.03) for the first, second and third tertile, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher dietary intakes of BCAA presented a statistically significant inverse trend with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia among Filipino women in this study and testing these associations in longitudinal studies may be necessary to confirm these findings.

Plasma lipids, alcohol intake frequency and risk of Osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUD

Plasma lipids and alcohol intake frequency have been reported to be associated with the risk of osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains inconclusive whether plasma lipids and alcohol intake frequency play a role in the development of OA.

METHODS

The study employed a comprehensive genome-wide association database to identify independent genetic loci strongly linked to plasma lipids and alcohol intake frequency, which were used as instrumental variables. The causal association between plasma lipids, alcohol intake frequency, and the risk of OA was then analyzed using two-sample Mendelian randomization methods such as inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, and weighted median estimator (WME), with odds ratios (ORs) as the evaluation criteria.

RESULTS

A total of 392 SNPs were included as instrumental variables in this study, including 32 for total cholesterol (TC), 39 for triglycerides (TG), 170 for high-density lipoproteins (HDL), 60 for low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and 91 for alcohol intake frequency. Using the above two-sample Mendelian Randomization method to derive the causal association between exposure and outcome, with the IVW method as the primary analysis method and other MR analysis methods complementing IVW. The results of this study showed that four exposure factors were causally associated with the risk of OA. TC obtained a statistically significant result for IVW (OR = 1.207, 95% CI: 1.018-1.431, P = 0.031); TG obtained a statistically significant result for Simple mode (OR = 1.855, 95% CI: 1.107-3.109, P = 0.024); LDL obtained three statistically significant results for IVW, WME and Weighted mode (IVW: OR = 1.363, 95% CI: 1.043-1.781, P = 0.023; WME: OR = 1.583, 95% CI: 1.088-2.303, P = 0.016; Weighted mode: OR = 1.521, 95% CI: 1.062-2.178, P = 0.026). Three statistically significant results were obtained for alcohol intake frequency with IVW, WME and Weighted mode (IVW: OR = 1.326, 95% CI: 1.047-1.678, P = 0.019; WME: OR = 1.477, 95% CI: 1.059-2.061, P = 0.022; Weighted mode: OR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.060-2.541, P = 0.029). TC, TG, LDL, and alcohol intake frequency were all considered as risk factors for OA. The Cochran Q test for the IVW and MR-Egger methods indicated intergenic heterogeneity in the SNPs contained in TG, HDL, LDL, and alcohol intake frequency, and the test for pleiotropy indicated a weak likelihood of pleiotropy in all causal analyses.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis showed that TC, TG, LDL, and alcohol intake frequency were risk factors for OA, and the risk of OA increased with their rise.

Total cholesterol and mortality in peritoneal dialysis: a retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND

Total cholesterol is inversely associated with mortality in dialysis patients, which seems implausible in real-world clinical practice. May there be an optimal range of total cholesterol associated with a lower mortality risk? We aimed to evaluate the optimal range for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective real-world cohort study of 3565 incident PD patients from five PD centers between January 1, 2005, and May 31, 2020. Baseline variables were collected within one week before the start of PD. The associations between total cholesterol and mortality were examined using cause-specific hazard models.

RESULTS

820 (23.0%) patients died, including 415 cardiovascular deaths, during the follow-up period. Restricted spline plots showed a U-curved association of total cholesterol with mortality. Compared with the reference range (4.10-4.50 mmol/L), high levels of total cholesterol (> 4.50 mmol/L) were associated with increased risks of all-cause (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95% confidence index [CI] 1.08-1.67) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09-1.87). Similarly, compared with the reference range, low levels of total cholesterol (< 4.10mmol/L) were also associated with high risks of all-cause (HR 1.62, 95% CI 1.31-1.95) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.27-2.34).

CONCLUSION

Total cholesterol levels at the start of PD between 4.10 and 4.50 mmol/L (158.5 to 174.0 mg/dL), an optimal range, were associated with lower risks of death than higher or lower levels, resulting in a U-shaped association.

Factors associated with the CVD risk factors and body fat pattern of postmenopausal Hindu caste and Lodha tribal populations living in India: An exploratory study

BACKGROUND

Loss in ovarian function during mid-life results in adverse changes in the cardiovascular profile of women. The association between CVD risk factors and menopause differ cross-culturally since several modifiable factors play significant roles in explaining CVD mortality in addition to differences in endogenous estrogen. Very few of the studies from the Indian subcontinent have been concerned with the menopause-specific CVD risk factors, particularly among the tribal groups. Thus, we intended to study the variations in body fat pattern and CVD risk factors between Hindu caste and Lodha tribal postmenopausal women and how these risk factors were associated with differential socio-economic, reproductive and menstrual characteristics and lifestyle variables. The Lodha tribal populations is considered a Particularly Vulnerable Group (PVTG) in this country.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted among the Bengali Hindu caste and Lodha tribal populations of the State of West Bengal, India covering three districts namely Howrah, Jhargram and East Midnapure. A total of 197 postmenopausal participants were recruited for this study (urban caste 69, rural caste 65 and rural Lodha 63). Data on blood glucose and total cholesterol levels, blood pressure, muscle mass, body fat distribution and sociodemographic, reproductive and menstrual history and lifestyle variables were collected following standard protocols. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare blood glucose, total cholesterol and blood pressure levels and body fat measures across the three populations. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to find out the factors associated with CVD risk factors. The data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0(IBM corporation, 2011).

RESULTS

This cross-sectional comparison of women at midlife, though exploratory in nature showed significant differences in body fat pattern and CVD risk factors between caste and tribal groups owing to socioeconomic disparities and, differences in reproductive characteristics and lifestyle factors.

CONCLUSION

The caste and tribal populations differed significantly in body fat pattern and CVD risk factors and in the factors associated with CVD risk suggesting interplay between menopause and modifiable factors in explaining CVD risk factors during mid-life.

A Study of Relationship Between Serum Lipids and Sensorineural Hearing Loss

The modern life style poses new challenges on the normal physiological mechanisms of the human body. Drug abuse, tobacco smoking, and alcohol drinking, as well as lack of exercise may also increase the risk of developing certain diseases, especially older age.To study the relationship between degree of sensorineural hearing loss and serum lipid level (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoproteins, high density lipoproteins).A cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 patients aged between 15 to 60 years diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss at Otorhinolaryngology outpatient department at Sir Sunder Lal hospital, IMS, BHU. All the 150 patients were amongst age group of 15 to 60 years who were registered from August 2019 to July 2021.The serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein directly correlate with the severity of sensorineural hearing loss significantly (p < 0.05) whereas the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein had no direct co-relation with the severity of sensorineural hearing loss. Hyperlipidemic state is a major risk factor for SNHL. Regular screening and monitoring of serum lipid might prevent morbid SNHL and improve patients' quality of life in long term.

Clinical significance of dynamic variation of low cholesterol and its prognostic value in patients with pyogenic liver abscesses: a retrospective study

BACKGROUND

Serum lipids variations are closely related to the sepsis progression; however, their value for patients with pyogenic liver abscesses (PLA) has rarely been studied. We investigated the serum lipid level variations in patients with PLA and its predictive value to the disease.

METHODS

The study included 328 patients with PLA hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to December 2021; 35 (10.67%) in the severe group (SG) and 293 (89.33%) in the non-severe group (nSG). Their clinical records were analyzed retrospectively, and dynamic curves were drawn to clarify the changes in different indicators during the course of the disease.

RESULTS

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) in the SG were significantly lower than those in nSG (P < 0.001). Total cholesterol (TC) at baseline (OR = 0.184, P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for severe patients and had the highest predictive value, with an area under the curve of 0.859 and a cut-off value of 2.70 mmol/L (sensitivity = 94.3%, specificity = 63.5%). For patients who met the criteria for drainage surgery, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C levels continued to decrease with antibiotic therapy alone before drainage and began to increase after the surgery.

CONCLUSIONS

Low TC level on admission is an independent risk factor for the progression of severe illness in PLA patients, with the highest predictive value surpassing other routine clinical indices. Abscess drainage should be performed as soon as possible for patients whose TC continues to decline after medical treatment.

The effect of lutein and Zeaxanthine on dyslipidemia: A meta-analysis study

AIMS

The relationship between circulating Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) concentrations, and plasma lipoproteins has been indicated by observational studies. However, the beneficial impact of L/Z administration on dyslipidemia are unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of oral intake of L/Z on circulating total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.

METHODS

We electronically assessed all eligible interventional studies through different electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI -Web of Science, and Cochrane library until Jun 2021. After identifying the quality of each included randomized controlled trials, they were evaluated by assessing the risk-difference between treatment and control groups by pooling available data on net change of serum LDL-C, HDL-C, and Cholesterol.

RESULTS

L/Z supplementation has null effect on circulating levels of TC (WMD: -3.82 95% CI: -13.83, 6.18; I-square: 85.2%), and LDL-C (WMD: -4.54; 95% CI: -11.5, 2.48; I-square: 83.9%). In contrast, L/Z treatment could significantly increase HDL-C levels in older adults (WMD: 4.06; 95% CI: 0.64, 7.48; I-square: 50.7%).

CONCLUSION

L/Z administration could be an effective treatment for improving circulating HDL-C concentration in elderly adults.

Association between Indoor Temperature in Winter and Serum Cholesterol: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan

AIM

Issuance of the WHO Housing and health guidelines has paralleled growing interest in the housing environment. Despite accumulating evidence of an association between outdoor temperature and serum cholesterol, indoor temperature has not been well investigated. This study examined the association between indoor temperature and serum cholesterol.

METHODS

We collected valid health checkup data of 2004 participants (1333 households), measured the indoor temperature for 2 weeks in winter, and divided participants according to whether they lived in a warm (average bedroom temperature ≥ 18℃), slightly cold (12-18℃) or cold house (＜12˚C). The relationship between bedroom temperature and serum cholesterol was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle habits and the season in which the health checkup was conducted, with a random effect of climate areas in Japan.

RESULTS

The sample sizes for warm, slightly cold, and cold houses were 206, 940, and 858, respectively. Compared to those in warm houses, the odds ratio of total cholesterol exceeding 220 mg/dL was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.23-2.71, p=0.003) for participants in slightly cold houses and 1.87 (95%CI: 1.25-2.80, p=0.002) in cold houses. Similarly, the odds ratio of LDL/non-HDL cholesterol exceeding the standard range was 1.49 (p=0.056)/1.67 (p=0.035) for those in slightly cold houses and 1.64 (p=0.020)/1.77 (p=0.021) in cold houses. HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly associated with bedroom temperature.

CONCLUSION

Besides lifestyle modification, improving indoor thermal environment through strategies such as installing high thermal insulation and appropriate use of heating devices may contribute to better serum cholesterol condition.

Perfluoroalkyl substances and lipid concentrations in the blood: A systematic review of epidemiological studies

BACKGROUND

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely used synthetic aliphatic compounds. This systematic review aims to assess PFAS associations with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) concentrations in human populations.

METHOD

We systematically searched four online databases, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library for relevant peer-reviewed English language articles published until July 2021. Additional relevant articles identified were also included in the search results. We categorised populations into adults (≥18 years old) and children. Primary findings were the associations between PFAS concentrations and LDL, HDL, TC, and TG concentrations in the serum, plasma, or whole blood; secondary findings were the associations between PFAS concentrations and the odds of lipid-related health outcomes. Quantitative synthesis was done by vote counting of the effect directions between concentrations of PFAS and lipids/health outcomes, repeated on articles with sample size >1000. Sign tests were performed to assess the statistical significance of the differences between positive and negative associations. Sensitivity analysis was performed by separating out articles with populations having high concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). Quality was assessed with the STROBE checklist and NHBLI Study Quality Assessment Tool.

RESULTS

A total of 58 articles were included for review. There was evidence that PFAS exposure is associated with higher concentrations of LDL, HDL, and TC, particularly for PFOA-LDL, PFOA-TC, PFOS-TC, and PFNA-LDL. Associations between PFAS and TG tended to be negative, especially for perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Associations between PFAS concentration and the odds of secondary outcomes generally supported a positive association between PFAS and cholesterol concentrations.

CONCLUSION

We found evidence of associations between the concentrations of some PFAS-lipid pairs in human populations. Future research should be conducted on the less well-studied PFAS to explore their effects on human health and in regions where such studies are currently lacking. (300 words).

Relationship between the development of hyperlipidemia in hypothyroidism patients

As shown in the previous studies, hypothyroidism (HT) is identified to be closely associated with the elevated plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and with the decreased plasma levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). On the other hand, the thyroid hormone (TH), which has been considered as a vital hormone produced and released by the thyroid gland, are well-established to regulate the metabolism of plasma TC; whereas other evidence proposed that the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) also regulated the plasma cholesterol metabolism independently of the TH, which further promotes the progression of hyperlipidemia. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism is still not illustrated. It is worth noting that several studies has found that the progression of HT-induced hyperlipidemia might be associated with the down-regulated plasma levels of TH and the up-regulated plasma levels of TSH, revealing that HT could promote hyperlipidemia and its related cardio-metabolic disorders. Otherwise, multiple novel identified plasma proteins, such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTLs), and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), have also been demonstrated to embrace a vital function in modulating the progression of hyperlipidemia induced by HT. In the present comprehensive review, the recent findings which elucidated the association of HT and the progression of hyperlipidemia were summarized. Furthermore, other results which illustrated the underlying mechanisms by which HT facilitates the progression of hyperlipidemia and its cardio-metabolic disorders are also listed in the current review.

Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels-a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals

Background

Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids.

Methods

Seventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention.

Results

Of a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention.

Conclusion

Replacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels.

Trial registration

The study was registered at Clinical Trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, registration identification number: NCT03658681).

Association between the nickel exposure and lipid profiles in general population from NHANES

This study is to investigate the association between nickel exposure and serum lipid profiles. We analyzed the population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2017-2018. Urinary nickel exposure was measured using inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry. Serum lipid profiles, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), were measured using the standard biochemistry assays. The association between urinary nickel and lipid profiles was examined using multivariable linear regression models and restricted cubic spine plots. There was a significant negative relationship between nickel level and TC (β, - 9.67; 95% CI, - 13.58 to - 5.76), HDL-C (β, - 1.57; 95% CI, - 2.98 to - 0.16), and LDL-C (β, - 5.88; 95% CI, - 11.04 to - 0.71) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Furthermore, restricted cubic spines showed that only HDL-C was nonlinearly associated with nickel (p for nonlinearity 0.004). However, nickel exposure was not related to the level of triglyceride. The exposure to nickel was linearly associated with serum total cholesterol and LDL-C while nonlinearly associated with HDL-C in general population.

Effect of Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Several studies have evaluated the lipid-lowering properties of yerba mate, although the results were conflicting. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effect of yerba mate consumption on lipid levels. A literature search was performed to detect observational and experimental studies that evaluated the association between yerba mate consumption and lipid levels. A quantitative analysis was performed with the subgroup of experimental studies. A meta-regression was performed considering the difference in baseline lipid values between the intervention and control groups as a covariate. Thirteen studies were considered eligible for this systematic review and seven studies (378 patients) were selected for quantitative analysis. In the qualitative analysis, the results were conflicting, both in the observational and in the experimental studies. In quantitative analysis, we found no differences in total cholesterol [mean difference 6.4 (CI 95% -2.2 to 15.0)], LDL-C [mean difference 5.5 (CI 95% - 1.5 to 12.6)], HDL-C [mean difference 0.4 (CI 95% -2.8 to 3.7)] and triglycerides [mean difference 5.7 (CI 95% 0.0 to 11.4)] levels when comparing the yerba mate and control groups. According to meta-regression, differences between baseline levels could influence the findings on total cholesterol and LDL-C but not on HDL-C or triglycerides. In conclusion, this research showed that yerba mate consumption was not associated with a significant change in lipid levels. Since the results are based on small inconclusive studies, more research is needed to confirm these findings.

HDL cholesterol levels and susceptibility to COVID-19

Background

Host cell-membrane cholesterol, an important player in viral infections, is in constant interaction with serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Low serum lipid levels during hospital admission are associated with COVID-19 severity. However, the effect of antecedent serum lipid levels on SARS-CoV-2 infection risk has not been explored.

Methods

From our retrospective cohort from the Arkansas Clinical Data-Repository, we used log-binomial regression to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among the trajectories of lipid levels during the 2 years antecedent to COVID-19 testing, identified using group-based-trajectory modelling. We used mixed-effects linear regression to assess the serum lipid level trends followed up to the time of, and 2-months following COVID-19 testing.

Findings

Among the 11001 individuals with a median age of 59 years (IQR 46-70), 1340 (12.2%) tested positive for COVID-19. The highest trajectory for antecedent serum HDL-C was associated with the lowest SARS-CoV-2 infection risk (RR 0.63, 95%CI 0.46-0.86). Antecedent serum LDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) were not independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. In COVID-19 patients, serum HDL-C (-7.7, 95%CI -9.8 to -5.5 mg/dL), and LDL-C (-6.29, 95%CI -12.2 to -0.37 mg/dL), but not TG levels, decreased transiently at the time of testing.

Interpretation

Higher antecedent serum HDL-C, but not LDL-C, TC, or TG, levels were associated with a lower SARS-CoV-2 infection risk. Serum HDL-C, and LDL-C levels declined transiently at the time of infection. Further studies are needed to determine the potential role of lipid-modulating therapies in the prevention and management of COVID-19.

Funding

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1 TR003107.

Effect of COVID-19 on lipid profile parameters and its correlation with acute phase reactants: A single-center retrospective analysis

Background and objective

The development and correlation of dyslipidemia is unknown in COVID-19. This investigation was performed to assess the pathological alterations in lipid profile and their association in COVID-19.

Methods

This was a retrospective study performed on real-world patients to assess serum levels of LDL-C, HDL, TG, TC on COVID-19 patients (mild: 319; moderate: 391; critical: 357). Age- and gender-matched controls who had their lipid profiles in the same period were included as the control group.

Results

LDL-C, HDL, TG, and TC levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients when compared with the control group (P < 0.001, 0.047, 0.045, <0.001, respectively). All parameters decreased gradually with COVID-19 disease severity (LDL-C: median (IQR), mild: 98 (91,134); moderate: 97 (81,113); critical: 68 (68,83); HDL: mild: 45 (37,50); moderate: 46 (41,50); critical: 40 (37,46); TG: mild: 186 (150,245); moderate: 156 (109,198); critical: 111 (98,154); TC: mild: 224 (212,238); moderate: 212 (203,213); critical: 154 (125,187)). Logistic regression demonstrated lipid profile as predictor of severity of COVID-19 disease.

Conclusion

Hypolipidemia develops in increasing frequency with severe COVID-19 disease. It inversely correlates with levels of acute-phase reactants, indicating SARS-COV-2 as the causative agent for alteration in lipid and thyroid levels.

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, and associated risk factors in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Lithuania: a cross-sectional study

Background

Empirical evidence on the epidemiology of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia is limited in many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. We aimed to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Lithuania, and to identify the risk factors for the three chronic conditions.

Methods

We analysed cross-sectional data from the HAPIEE study, including adults aged 45–69 years in the Czech Republic, Russia, Poland and Lithuania, collected between 2002 and 2008 (total sample N = 30,882). Among prevalent cases, we estimated awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia by gender and country. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify associated risk factors.

Results

In each country among both men and women, we found high prevalence but low control of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. Awareness rates of hypertension were the lowest in both men (61.40%) and women (69.21%) in the Czech Republic, while awareness rates of hypercholesterolemia were the highest in both men (46.51%) and women (51.20%) in Poland. Polish participants also had the highest rates of awareness (77.37% in men and 79.53% in women), treatment (71.99% in men and 74.87% in women) and control (30.98% in men and 38.08% in women) of diabetes. The common risk factors for the three chronic conditions were age, gender, education, obesity and alcohol consumption.

Conclusions

Patterns of awareness, treatment and control rates of hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia differed by country. Efforts should be made in all four countries to control these conditions, including implementation of international guidelines in everyday practice to improve detection and effective management of these conditions.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13260-3.

Associations of total urinary arsenic with total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein among 12-17-year-old participants from the 2009-2016 NHANES cycles: A cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION

Hypertension and diabetes are highly prevalent among US adults. Arsenic exposure is associated with these cardiometabolic morbidities but the relationship between arsenic exposure and cholesterol markers of cardiometabolic disease has not been elucidated, especially at younger ages, when many chronic diseases may initiate. This study examined the association of total urinary arsenic with total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and explored effect modification by weight status.

METHODS

The study sample consisted of 12-17-year-old participants with complete data from the 2009-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. The cross-sectional associations of creatinine-adjusted total urinary arsenic with TC and HDL were assessed using multivariable linear regression models with survey weights. Three models were built, adjusting for varying combinations of age, gender, race/ethnicity, weight status, survey cycle, family income to poverty ratio, reference person education level, arsenobetaine, and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Model adjustments for arsenobetaine approximated inorganic arsenic exposure, and further adjustment for DMA approximated unmethylated inorganic arsenic exposure. We also explored weight status (underweight/healthy, overweight, and obese) as a potential effect modifier of these relationships using stratified analyses and interaction tests.

RESULTS

The final analytical sample consisted of 1,177 12-17-year-old participants. After adjusting for covariates and arsenobetaine, creatinine-adjusted arsenic was positively associated with HDL levels (β = 0.063; 95% CI: 0.007, 0.119). Upon further adjustment for DMA, creatinine-adjusted arsenic was positively associated with HDL levels (β = 0.079; 95% CI: 0.015, 0.143) and TC levels (β = 0.258; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.515). No effect modification by weight status was observed.

CONCLUSIONS

We found a positive association of approximated unmethylated inorganic arsenic exposure with TC, and contrary to our expectation, with HDL. There was no effect modification by weight status. Our findings should be confirmed by conducting longitudinal studies among adolescents exposed to low-level arsenic and focusing specifically on urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations.

The effect of tamoxifen on the lipid profile in women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND AND AIM

The effect of tamoxifen administration on serum lipids in females remains unclear. The studies which have explored this topic have produced conflicting results, probably due to discrepancies in the length of the intervention, differences in baseline variables or other factors. To answer this research question, we decided to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of tamoxifen on the lipid profile in women.

METHODS

A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase, from the inception of these databases up to June 2021. We used a random effects meta-analysis to generate the combined results.

RESULTS

The overall findings were generated from 18 eligible trials. As compared to placebo, tamoxifen led to a notable reduction of the total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -23.03 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.94 to -20.12, P˂0.001), and the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -18.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: -24.31 to -13.04, P˂0.001). However, tamoxifen did not alter triglycerides (TG) concentrations (WMD: +1.06 mg/dL, 95% CI: -11.08 to 13.20, P = 0.864) significantly. A pronounced reduction of the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) was noted in the RCTs with a duration of ≤52 weeks (WMD: -2.06 mg/dL) and when tamoxifen was administered in participants with a BMI ≥25 kg/m² (WMD: -1.42 mg/dL). Notable reductions in TC (WMD: -23.57 mg/dL) and LDL-C (WMD: -19.21 mg/dL) was detected when the dose of tamoxifen was ≥20 mg/day. Moreover, a significant reduction of TC (WMD: -20.23 mg/dL) and LDL-C (WMD: -24.13 mg/dL) was observed in the RCTs with a duration of ≤52 weeks.

CONCLUSION

Tamoxifen can alter the lipid profile in females, particularly by decreasing TC, LDL-C and HDLC. Tamoxifen can further reduce TC and LDL-C if the dose of administration is ≥20 mg/day, the treatment duration is ≤52 weeks and if it prescribed in subjects with dyslipidemia.

Comparison of preoperative and postoperative Lipid Profile changes in obese and morbidly obese patients after mini gastric bypass surgery

Background & Objective:

Obesity has become a serious health problem that has become increasingly important in recent years. Since patients with high levels of obesity have dyslipidemia and an unbalanced lipid profile, they have a high risk of both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the short (3 months) and long term (12 months) effects of mini-gastric bypass surgery from the current bariatric surgical techniques on the lipid profile.

Methods:

Of the patients undergoing Mini-gastric bypass operation between January 2016 to December 2018 at the General Surgery Clinic of Private Samsun Büyük Anadolu Hospital, demographic data and changes in lipid concentrations at 3 and 12 months were analyzed. Patients were grouped according to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), cardiologic risk groups, bypass lengths, and obesity classes. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol values of the patients were examined at the time of admission to the outpatient clinic before the operation, at the postoperative third month and at the post-operative twelfth-month. Patients who did not go for a checkup during the one-year follow-up and whose data could not be reached or missing were excluded from the study.

Results:

There was no significant difference in terms of age, sex, and cardiovascular risk (p> 0.05). Although the HDL-C level was initially low (p <0.001), it significantly increased 12 months after surgical treatment (p <0.001). While serum concentrations of LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were high preoperatively, they significantly decreased at 12 months postoperatively (p <0.001). When compared with values in the 3rd- and 12th-month, there was a significant decrease in the class-3 obesity group but not in the class-2 obesity group. When serum HDL cholesterol concentrations were compared with preoperative baseline and postoperative 12th-month those, no statistically-significant difference was found in serum concentrations in the 3rd month, although there was a significant increase in both class 2 and 3 obesity groups.

Conclusion:

In patients undergoing mini-gastric bypass surgery, serum LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations decreased in the 12th postoperative month, but serum HDL cholesterol concentrations increased.

Association between serum zinc concentrations and metabolic risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents

The aim of the present study was to examine whether serum Zn concentrations were associated with metabolic risk factors in Chinese children and adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study including 3241 participants, aged 6 to 17 years, from Jiangsu, China. Metabolic risk factors included fasting glucose (FG), total cholesterol (TC), TAG, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Data were analysed using multi-variable linear regression and generalised additive models, which were adjusted for age, sex, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, BMI and region of residence, to assess the associations of serum Zn concentrations with metabolic risk factors. We observed a negative association between serum Zn concentrations and FG (coefficient = -0·532; 95 % CI -0·569, -0·495; P < 0·001). Moreover, TC (coefficient = 0·175; 95 % CI 0·127, 0·222; P < 0·001), HDL-cholesterol (coefficient = 0·137; 95 % CI 0·082, 0·193; P < 0·001) and LDL-cholesterol (coefficient = 0·195; 95 % CI 0·128, 0·263; P < 0·001) were found to be positively associated with Zn levels. A generalised additive model showed that the negative association between serum Zn and FG was weak at lower serum Zn concentrations and was stronger with the increase in serum Zn concentrations. Additionally, a U-shaped association between serum Zn and TAG was observed. Serum Zn concentrations were associated with FG, TC, TAG, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels in Chinese children and adolescents. Lower levels of serum Zn were more likely related to a poor metabolic status.

Medium/long term evaluation of lipid profile after bariatric surgery (gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy)

INTRODUCTION

Bariatric surgery aims to reduce weight and resolve the comorbidities associated with obesity. Few studies have assessed mid/long-term changes in lipid profile with sleeve gastrectomy versus gastric bypass. This study was conducted to assess and compare changes in lipid profile with each procedure after 60 months.

METHODS

This was an observational, retrospective study of analytical cohorts enrolling 100 patients distributed into two groups: 50 had undergone gastric bypass (GBP) surgery and 50 sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured before surgery and at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Weight loss and the resolution of dyslipidemia with each of the procedures were also assessed.

RESULTS

Ninety-five of the 100 patients completed follow-up. At 60 months, TC and LDL levels had significantly decreased in the BPG group (167.42 ± 31.22 mg/dl and 88.06 ± 31.37 mg/dl, respectively), while there were no differences in the SG group. Increased HDL levels were seen with both procedures (BPG: 62.69 ± 16.3 mg/dl vs. SG: 60.64 ± 18.73 mg/dl), with no difference between the procedures. TG levels decreased in both groups (BPG: 86.06 ± 56.57 mg/dl vs. SG: 111.09 ± 53.08 mg/dl), but values were higher in the BPG group (P < .05). The percentage of overweight lost (PSP) was higher in the BPG group: 75.65 ± 22.98 mg/dl vs. the GV group: 57.83 ± 27.95 mg/dl.

CONCLUSION

Gastric bypass achieved better mid/long-term results in terms of weight reduction and the resolution of hypercholesterolemia as compared to sleeve gastrectomy. While gastric bypass improved all lipid profile parameters, sleeve gastrectomy only improved HDL and triglyceride levels.

Effect of fasting blood glucose on risk of new-onset hypertension in rural Chinese population: a 15-year follow-up cohort

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between fasting blood glucose and new-onset hypertension and examine any synergistically effect modification with multiple risk factors.

METHODS

We conducted post-hoc analyses of repeated-measures data in the original Dongzhi osteoporosis cohort study. In total, 3985 participants without hypertension aged 25-64 years were included in the current analyses. Generalized estimating equation models were used to assess the relationship between fasting blood glucose and risk of new-onset hypertension after adjusting for pertinent covariates and autocorrelations among siblings.

RESULTS

393 men (19.4%) and 398 women (20.3%) without hypertension at the baseline developed hypertension by the end of the study period. Compared to lower baseline fasting blood glucose levels (Q1-Q3: < 5.74 mmol/L; clinical cut points: < 5.6 mmol/L), higher baseline fasting blood glucose levels (Q4: ≥ 5.74 mmol/L; clinical cut points: ≥ 5.6 mmol/L and < 7.0 mmol/L) increased the risk of new-onset hypertension significantly [(OR: 1.54, 95% CI 1.19-1.98, P < 0.001); (OR: 1.38, 95% CI 1.09-1.75, P = 0.008)] in women. Additionally, a stronger significant association was found in women with elevated fasting blood glucose on risk of new-onset of hypertension with higher total cholesterol (≥ 5.2 mmol/L) [(OR: 2.76; 95% CI: (1.54, 4.96), P < 0.001)]. However, no association was found between fasting blood glucose and risk of new-onset hypertension in men.

CONCLUSIONS

High fasting blood glucose may be significantly associated with risk of new-onset hypertension in Chinese women, especially in women with higher total cholesterol. Further randomized studies are needed to confirm our findings.

No adverse effects of dairy products on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

The current study aimed to review the effects of dairy foods on lipid profile in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs).

METHODS

We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Central. RCTs that assess the effects of dairy foods on lipid profile were included.

RESULTS

The overall effects of dairy foods on lipid profile were non-significant. Dairy foods were associated with a non-significant reduction in triacylglycerol level, and a non-significant increase in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.

CONCLUSION

We conclude that dairy foods doesn't have any unfavorable effects on lipids.

Lipid biomarkers and Cancer risk - a population-based prospective cohort study in Taiwan

Background

Blood lipids are essential components for cellular growth. An inverse association between serum lipid levels and risk of cancer has led to a controversy among previous studies. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the association between blood lipids change and risk of cancer incidence.

Methods

A cohort of 4130 Taiwanese adults from the Taiwanese Survey on the Prevalence of Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, and Hyperlipidemia database underwent repeated examinations in 2002 and 2007. Six groups were established based on the combined baseline (lower/higher) and interval change (decreasing/stable/increasing) in plasma lipid levels. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the relationship between lipids change and all-cause cancer incidence.

Results

Two hundred and forty cancer events developed over a median follow-up of 13.4 years. Comparing these with individuals with decreasing lower-baseline lipid levels, cancer risk reduction was demonstrated in those with increasing lower-baseline total cholesterol (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.27 to 0.85), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; aHR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.92), and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (aHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.92) levels. A decreased risk for cancer incidence also presented in participants with stable lower-baseline, decreasing and increasing higher-baseline LDL-C levels, and with decreasing and stable higher-baseline non-HDL-C levels.

Conclusions

The interval decline in lower-baseline total cholesterol, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels was linked to a higher risk for all-cause cancer incidence. More attention to a potential cancer risk may be warranted for an unexplained fall in serum lipids.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-021-01570-1.

Lipid profile as an indicator of COVID-19 severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Studies reported dyslipidemia in patients with COVID-19. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles to evaluate the association of the lipid profile with the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.

Methods

PubMed/Medline, Europe PMC, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published between January 1, 2020 and January 13, 2021. Random or Fixed effects models were used to calculate the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q test and I² statistics.

Results

This meta-analysis included 19 studies. Of which, 12 studies were categorized by severity, 04 studies by mortality, and 03 studies by both severity and mortality. Our findings revealed significantly decreased levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the severe group when compared with the non-severe group in a random effect model. Similarly, random effect model results demonstrated significantly lower levels of HDL-C and LDL-C in the non-survivor group when compared with the survivor group. The level of TC was also found to be decreased in the non-survivor group when compared to the survivor group in a fixed-effect model.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the lipid profile is associated with both the severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Hence, the lipid profile may be used for assessing the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.

Prospero registration number

CRD42021216316.

Utility of non-HDL-C in predicting proteinuria remission of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a retrospective cohort study

Background

Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) may have various clinical outcomes. Hyperlipidemia is quite common in IMN. However, the utility of the lipid profile in predicting outcomes remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the correlation between hyperlipidemia and proteinuria remission in IMN.

Methods

256 patients who diagnosed with IMN confirmed by renal biopsy in Wuhan Tongji Hospital from January 2016 to October 2020 were included in this study. The end point was defined as a combination of partial and complete remission. Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier curve were applied to assess the prognostic value of the lipid profile for proteinuria remission.

Results

A total of 153 (59.8%) patients achieved remission and 103 (40.2%) did not. The levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein were significantly lower in the remission group than in the non-remission group. Non-high-density lipoprotein level revealed the strongest correlation with proteinuria (Spearman’s rho = 0.42; P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that serum total cholesterol [hazard ratio (HR): 0.883; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.813–0.958; P = 0.003] and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR: 0.892; 95% CI: 0.820–0.970; P = 0.007) levels were independent markers to predict proteinuria remission in IMN.

Conclusions

Among the lipid profile, the non-high-density lipoprotein level exhibited the strongest correlation with proteinuria in IMN. Moreover, elevated serum cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations at baseline predicted probability of proteinuria non-remission in IMN.

[Impact of Toxoplasma gondii human infections on blood lipid levels]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of Toxoplasma gondii human infections on blood lipid levels.

METHODS

A total of 1 000 healthy volunteers that were randomly sampled from a tertiary hospital during the period from December 2017 through December 2019 were enrolled, and assigned into the infection group and the control group according to the detection of serum anti-T. gondii antibody using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) were detected and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibody was 8.40% in the study subjects, and there were no significant differences between the infection and control groups in terms of gender (χ² = 1.29, P > 0.05) or age (χ² = 1.41, P > 0.05). The mean serum LDL (t = 3.89, P < 0.05) and TC levels (t = 3.81, P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the infection group than in the control group, while no significant differences were seen between the two groups in terms of mean serum TG (t = 0.97, P > 0.05) or HDL levels (t = 0.75, P > 0.05). In addition, the proportions of abnormal LDL (χ² = 9.69, P < 0.01) and TC levels (χ² = 10.39, P < 0.01) were significantly greater in the infection group than in the control group, while no significant differences were found in the proportion of abnormal TG (χ² = 0.02, P > 0.05) or HDL level (χ² = 0.11, P > 0.05) between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS

T. gondii human infections affect blood lipid levels, and the individuals sero-positive for anti-T. gondii antibody have higher mean serum LDL and TC, as well as higher proportions of abnormal TC and LDL than sero-negative individuals.

Kombucha tea from seagrapes (Caulerpa racemosa) potential as a functional anti-ageing food: in vitro and in vivo study

This study wants to investigate the effects of kombucha tea based on seagrapes on blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, and PGC-1α in Swiss albino mice that were given cholesterol- and fat-enriched diets (CFED). Anti-glycation, tyrosinase inhibitory, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were also determined. Forty male swiss webster albino mice weighing between 20 g–30 g were used for this study. Animals were distributed in random into 4 groups of 10 animals each; group A served as normal control (received standard dry pellet diet), group B were fed on CFED for 4 weeks, and groups C and D were fed on CFED and were administered 150 and 300 mg/kg of kombucha tea from seagrapes (Caulerpa racemosa) (p.o.). In vitro study show that the activity of anti-glycation, L-Tyrosine, L-Dopa, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition were 62.79 ± 0.78, 9.05 ± 0.16, 27.14 ± 1.62, 90.42 ± 0.77, and 80.44 ± 1.00, respectively. Group C has a better activity in increasing PGC-1-alpha serum in mice than group D (p < 0.05). There were no meaningful differences between group C and D in blood cholesterol and blood glucose reduction (p = 0.222), both groups have the same effect in lowering total cholesterol and blood glucose in mice. In conclusion, kombucha tea from seagrapes has potential as an anti-ageing functional food.