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Wambier CG. Commentary on picosecond Nd:YAG laser therapy for pigmentation due to lichen planus pigmentosus in a patient with skin of color. JAAD Case Rep 2024; 47:30-31. [PMID: 38576901 PMCID: PMC10993128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G. Wambier
- Department of Dermatology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Krzesłowska WJ, Woźniacka A. The Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia Treatment Dilemma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2137. [PMID: 38610902 PMCID: PMC11012663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a type of cicatricial alopecia predominantly observed in postmenopausal women, with the incidence rising since its initial description in 1994. The exact etiopathogenesis of the disease has not been completely elucidated. FFA is characterized by an inflammatory process affecting the hair follicles of the fronto-temporal hairline, leading to its gradual recession. Eyebrows, particularly the lateral parts, may also be affected. Early diagnosis and an implementation of effective therapy to limit the inflammatory process are crucial in halting disease progression. Various treatment possibilities have been reported, including anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, as well as 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, retinoids, and antimalarial agents. The use of phototherapy and surgical procedures has also been described. However, most available data have been obtained retrospectively, frequently consisting of descriptions of case reports or small case series, and not from randomized controlled trials. In addition, the etiopathogenesis of FFA remains unclear and its course unpredictable, occasionally being linked with spontaneous stabilization. Hence, no precise guidelines exist regarding treatment modalities. Therefore, the aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive review of the efficacy of existing therapeutic modalities for FFA and to highlight novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Woźniacka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
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Abdelmageed NH, Adi A, Abo El-Khair S, Shahin M, Mosa DM, Sabry D, El Nokrashy A. Demographic and Clinical Profile of Pediatric Uveitis in Delta Region, Egypt. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38527189 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2328789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric uveitis poses unique challenges, characterized by difficulties in performing comprehensive examinations, potential delays in diagnosis, and a heightened risk of ocular complications. This study evaluate the etiologic and clinical characteristics of uveitis in children presenting to the Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Mansoura, Egypt. METHODS A cross-sectional observational study was undertaken involving children diagnosed with uveitis attending the uveitis outpatient clinic at Mansoura University Ophthalmic Center. Comprehensive clinical evaluations were carried out, including detailed history taking and exhaustive ophthalmological examinations. Whenever deemed necessary, Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Fluorescein Fundus Angiography (FFA) were utilized to secure retinal images. An extensive systemic evaluation was also conducted to discern the diverse causes of uveitis among the participants. RESULTS The cohort comprised 63 children, impacting 97 eyes. Bilateral involvement was seen in 54% of cases, with a male predominance of 58.7%. The predominant etiologies of uveitis were presumed trematode-induced (36.7%), Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) accounting for 28.6%, and in 12.7% of cases, the cause remained undetermined. Anterior uveitis emerged as the primary presentation in 79.4% of cases. Regarding visual loss, cataract was the leading cause at 56.4%, followed by vitritis at 38.4%, and macular edema at 20.5%. CONCLUSION Anterior uveitis was the most frequent presentation in our pediatric cohort. Despite the challenges, the majority of children with uveitis exhibited no significant visual impairment, with most causes of visual loss being reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anas Adi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Samy Abo El-Khair
- Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maha Shahin
- Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Mosad Mosa
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalia Sabry
- Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amgad El Nokrashy
- Mansoura Ophthalmic Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Yi M, Hua R. Phenotype of bilateral EYS-associated occult macular dystrophies based on multimodal imaging. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104027. [PMID: 38417719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to confirm the multimodal imaging of occult macular dystrophy (OMD) with two heterozygous mutations, including an unreported heterozygous EYS mutation. METHODS The study utilised several diagnostic methods, including Optos wide-field imaging, Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), optical coherence tomography (OCT), multifocal electroretinogram (mf-ERG), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and green light autofluorescence (FAF-G) imaging, and genetic testing. RESULTS The mf-ERG imaging demonstrated decreased P1 amplitudes in both eyes. This was consistent with the FAF-G imaging and OCT results, confirming the bilateral discontinuity of photoreceptors in the macular region. FFA and ICGA revealed persistent macular hypoperfusion not only within the photoreceptors of the macular area but also in the choriocapillaris. Next-generation sequencing results confirmed the presence of two heterozygous mutations in the patient: RP1L1 (c.4273G>C: p. Asp1425His), a hotspot mutation for OMD, and an unreported EYS mutation (c.7382T>A: p. Leu2461Ter) commonly found in retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Analysis using AlphaFold2 further confirmed the impact of the EYS c.7382T>A: p. Leu2461Ter variant on the functional protein conformation. CONCLUSION We report an unreported heterozygous EYS mutation that could serve as a promising diagnostic marker for OMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yi
- The Reasearch Center for Medical Genomics, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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Kreichman O, Gilaie‐Dotan S. Parafoveal vision reveals qualitative differences between fusiform face area and parahippocampal place area. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26616. [PMID: 38379465 PMCID: PMC10879909 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The center-periphery visual field axis guides early visual system organization with enhanced resources devoted to central vision leading to reduced peripheral performance relative to that of central vision (i.e., behavioral eccentricity effect) for many visual functions. The center-periphery organization extends to high-order visual cortex where, for example, the well-studied face-sensitive fusiform face area (FFA) shows sensitivity to central vision and the place-sensitive parahippocampal place area (PPA) shows sensitivity to peripheral vision. As we have recently found that face perception is more sensitive to eccentricity than place perception, here we examined whether these behavioral findings reflect differences in FFA's and PPA's sensitivities to eccentricity. We assumed FFA would show higher sensitivity to eccentricity than PPA would, but that both regions' modulation by eccentricity would be invariant to the viewed category. We parametrically investigated (fMRI, n = 32) how FFA's and PPA's activations are modulated by eccentricity (≤8°) and category (upright/inverted faces/houses) while keeping stimulus size constant. As expected, FFA showed an overall higher sensitivity to eccentricity than PPA. However, both regions' activation modulations by eccentricity were dependent on the viewed category. In FFA, a reduction of activation with growing eccentricity ("BOLD eccentricity effect") was found (with different amplitudes) for all categories. In PPA however, qualitatively different BOLD eccentricity effect modulations were found (e.g., at 8° mild BOLD eccentricity effect for houses but a reverse BOLD eccentricity effect for faces and no modulation for inverted faces). Our results emphasize that peripheral vision investigations are critical to further our understanding of visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kreichman
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life ScienceBar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research CenterBar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Sharon Gilaie‐Dotan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life ScienceBar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research CenterBar Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
- UCL Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceLondonUK
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Liu H, Guo W, Wang T, Cao P, Zou T, Peng Y, Yan T, Liao C, Li Q, Duan Y, Han J, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhao D, Yang X. CD36 inhibition reduces non-small-cell lung cancer development through AKT-mTOR pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:10. [PMID: 38319449 PMCID: PMC10847192 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09848-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is caused by multiple factors, including high-fat diet (HFD). CD36, a fatty acid receptor, is closely associated with metabolism-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the role of CD36 in HFD-accelerated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. In vivo, we fed C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and CD36 knockout (CD36-/-) mice normal chow or HFD in the presence or absence of pitavastatin 2 weeks before subcutaneous injection of LLC1 cells. In vitro, A549 and NCI-H520 cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFAs) to mimic HFD situation for exploration the underlying mechanisms. We found that HFD promoted LLC1 tumor growth in vivo and that FFAs increased cell proliferation and migration in A549 and NCI-H520 cells. The enhanced cell or tumor growth was inhibited by the lipid-lowering agent pitavastatin, which reduced lipid accumulation. More importantly, we found that plasma soluble CD36 (sCD36) levels were higher in NSCLC patients than those in healthy ones. Compared to that in WT mice, the proliferation of LLC1 cells in CD36-/- mice was largely suppressed, which was further repressed by pitavastatin in HFD group. At the molecular level, we found that CD36 inhibition, either with pitavastatin or plasmid, reduced proliferation- and migration-related protein expression through the AKT/mTOR pathway. Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of CD36 expression by pitavastatin or other inhibitors may be a viable strategy for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wentong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Peichang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tingfeng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Tengteng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Dahai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Major Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Interventions, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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Chen S, Li Z, Li H, Zeng X, Yuan H, Li Y. Novel lipid biomarkers and ratios as risk predictors for premature coronary artery disease: A retrospective analysis of 2952 patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:1172-1184. [PMID: 37986641 PMCID: PMC10710552 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between emerging lipid biomarkers (small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [sdLDL-C), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and free fatty acids [FFA]), two ratios (sdLDL-C/LDL-C and the triglyceride-glucose [TyG) index), and the Gensini score (GS) in patients with premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) in relation to the extent of coronary stenosis. The authors evaluated a cohort of 2952 individuals undergoing coronary angiography (CAG), encompassing those with PCAD (n = 1749), late-onset coronary artery disease (LCAD; n = 328), and non-coronary artery disease (non-CAD; n = 575). Noteworthy differences were observed in the levels of the novel lipid biomarkers and ratio indexes among the PCAD, LCAD, and non-CAD groups (p < .05). Multiple logistic regression analyses pinpointed Lp(a) (OR = 2.62, 95% CI 1.22-5.63, p = .014) and the TyG index (OR = 2.53, 95% CI 1.08-5.93, p = .033) as independent risk factors for PCAD. Furthermore, these biomarkers and ratio indexes discerned substantial distinctions among PCAD patients with varying GS (p < .05). Consequently, these markers can proficiently anticipate the gravity of coronary artery stenosis (GS > 40) in PCAD patients, as evidenced by the ROC analysis. In conclusion, sdLDL-C, Lp(a), FFA, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C and TyG indexes have considerable potential as risk and diagnostic markers for coronary artery stenosis in individuals afflicted with PCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoli Zeng
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryBeijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of ComplexSevere and Rare DiseasesPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Zaragoza-Jimenez N, Niehaus H, Thome I, Vogelbacher C, Ende G, Kamp-Becker I, Endres D, Jansen A. Modeling face recognition in the predictive coding framework: A combined computational modeling and functional imaging study. Cortex 2023; 168:203-225. [PMID: 37832490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The learning of new facial identities and the recognition of familiar faces are crucial processes for social interactions. Recently, a combined computational modeling and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study used predictive coding as a biologically plausible framework to model face identity learning and to relate specific model parameters with brain activity (Apps and Tsakiris, Nat Commun 4, 2698, 2013). On the one hand, it was shown that behavioral responses on a two-option face recognition task could be predicted by the level of contextual and facial familiarity in a computational model derived from predictive-coding principles. On the other hand, brain activity in specific brain regions was associated with these parameters. More specifically, brain activity in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) varied with contextual familiarity, whereas activity in the fusiform face area (FFA) covaried with the prediction error parameter that updated facial familiarity. Literature combining fMRI assessments and computational modeling in humans still needs to be expanded. Furthermore, prior results are largely not replicated. The present study was, therefore, specifically set up to replicate these previous findings. Our results support the original findings in two critical aspects. First, on a group level, the behavioral responses were modeled best by the same computational model reported by the original authors. Second, we showed that estimates of these model parameters covary with brain activity in specific, face-sensitive brain regions. Our results thus provide further evidence that the functional properties of the face perception network conform to central principles of predictive coding. However, our study yielded diverging findings on specific computational model parameters reflected in brain activity. On the one hand, we did not find any evidence of a computational involvement of the STS. On the other hand, our results showed that activity in the right FFA was associated with multiple computational model parameters. Our data do not provide evidence for functional segregation between particular face-sensitive brain regions, as previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nestor Zaragoza-Jimenez
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Hauke Niehaus
- Theoretical Cognitive Science Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany.
| | - Ina Thome
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Vogelbacher
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Inge Kamp-Becker
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Endres
- Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Theoretical Cognitive Science Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Laboratory for Multimodal Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain, and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany; Core-Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Marburg, Germany.
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Ciccarelli G, Di Giuseppe G, Cinti F, Moffa S, Mezza T, Giaccari A. Why do some glucose-lowering agents improve non-alcoholic fatty liver disease whereas others do not? A narrative review in search of a unifying hypothesis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2023; 39:e3668. [PMID: 37309298 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are metabolic disorders connected by common pathophysiological mechanisms. Since insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic alterations are common to both conditions, almost all glucose-lowering agents which improve IR have also been studied in patients with NAFLD. Some have shown great efficacy, others none. Thus, the mechanisms behind the efficacy of these drugs in improving hepatic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and eventually fibrosis remain controversial. Glycaemic control improves T2D, but probably has limited effects on NAFLD, as all glucose-lowering agents ameliorate glucose control but only a few improve NAFLD features. In contrast, drugs that either improve adipose tissue function, reduce lipid ingestion, or increase lipid oxidation are particularly effective in NAFLD. We therefore hypothesise that improved free fatty acid metabolism may be the unifying mechanism behind the efficacy of some glucose-lowering agents on NAFLD and may represent the key to NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gea Ciccarelli
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Centro per le Malattie Endocrine e Metaboliche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Mekonen W, Schwaberger G, Lamprecht M, Hofmann P. Whole Body Substrate Metabolism during Different Exercise Intensities with Special Emphasis on Blood Protein Changes in Trained Subjects-A Pilot Study. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:102. [PMID: 37489315 PMCID: PMC10366854 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Contrary to carbohydrate and fat metabolism, the influence of a single exercise dose on protein metabolism has not been adequately explored yet. We assessed the effects of different exercise intensities and durations on blood protein changes and their association with carbohydrate (CHO) and fat metabolism in six eligible trained subjects. Subjects performed maximal incremental (IE100: at 100%VO2max) and submaximal continuous exercise (CE) at 75%VO2max for 30 min (CE75) and at 50%VO2max for 90 min (CE50). Blood samples were collected at rest (R), end of exercise (EE), and 1 h after recovery to assess blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma amino acids (AA), glucose, lactate, FFA, and glycerol. In IE100 blood lactate, CHO-oxidation (g/min), energy expenditure (kcal/min), and RER were significantly increased during rest (p < 0.05). CE50 induced significantly higher BUN, FFA, glycerol, and fat oxidation (g/min) (p < 0.05). At recovery, the mean sum of the free AA pool (µmol/L) reduced by 8% (p < 0.03) during CE50. Values for CE75 were between IE100 and CE50. Beside lipolysis, also proteolysis (BUN) was an important source of fuel for low-to-moderate intensity CE50. An increased uptake of AA from the plasma bed during CE50 suggests the importance for oxidation and synthesis of other metabolic sources such as gluconeogenesis necessary for recovery. Therefore, one needs to be cautious of protein diet following prolonged cycle exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondyefraw Mekonen
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Tikur-Anbessa Medical School, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 5657, Addis Ababa 1165, Ethiopia
| | - Günther Schwaberger
- Institute of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manfred Lamprecht
- Institute of Nutrient Research, Petersbergenstrasse 95b, 8042 Graz, Austria
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, Exercise Physiology, Training Therapy Research Group, University of Graz, Aigner-Rollett-Allee 11, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Jia S, Li X, Du Q. Host insulin resistance caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis-review of recent progresses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1209381. [PMID: 37520442 PMCID: PMC10373507 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1209381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a Gram-negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. P. gingivalis expresses a variety of virulence factors that disrupt innate and adaptive immunity, allowing P. gingivalis to survive and multiply in the host and destroy periodontal tissue. In addition to periodontal disease, P.gingivalis is also associated with systemic diseases, of which insulin resistance is an important pathological basis. P. gingivalis causes a systemic inflammatory response, disrupts insulin signaling pathways, induces pancreatic β-cell hypofunction and reduced numbers, and causes decreased insulin sensitivity leading to insulin resistance (IR). In this paper, we systematically review the studies on the mechanism of insulin resistance induced by P. gingivalis, discuss the association between P. gingivalis and systemic diseases based on insulin resistance, and finally propose relevant therapeutic approaches. Overall, through a systematic review of the mechanisms related to systemic diseases caused by P. gingivalis through insulin resistance, we hope to provide new insights for future basic research and clinical interventions for related systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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12
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Morales-Ferra DL, Zavala-Sánchez MÁ, Jiménez-Ferrer E, Trejo-Moreno C, González-Cortazar M, Gamboa-Gómez CI, Guerrero-Romero F, Zamilpa A. Chemical Characterization, Antilipidemic Effect and Anti-Obesity Activity of Ludwigia octovalvis in a Murine Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2578. [PMID: 37447139 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven is widely used in traditional medicine for different illnesses, including diabetes and hypertension. However, its impact on lipotoxicity and metabolic syndrome in vivo has not been addressed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this plant on the metabolic syndrome parameters in a C57BL6J mouse hypercaloric diet model. L. octovalvis hydroalcoholic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction (25 mg/kg/day) were used for sub-chronic assessment (10 weeks). Additionally, four subfractions (25 mg/kg) were evaluated in the postprandial triglyceridemia test in healthy C57BL6J mice. The hydroalcoholic extract and ethyl acetate fraction significantly decreased body weight gain (-6.9 g and -1.5 g), fasting glycemia (-46.1 and -31.2 mg/dL), systolic (-26.0 and -22.5 mmHg) and diastolic (-8.1 and 16.2 mmHg) blood pressure, free fatty acid concentration (-13.8 and -8.0 μg/mL) and insulin-resistance (measured by TyG index, -0.207 and -0.18), compared to the negative control. A postprandial triglyceridemia test showed that the effects in the sub-chronic model are due, at least in part, to improvement in this parameter. L. octovalvis treatments, particularly the hydroalcoholic extract, improve MS alterations and decrease free fatty acid concentration. These effects are possibly due to high contents of corilagin and ellagic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Lourdes Morales-Ferra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Zavala-Sánchez
- Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Enrique Jiménez-Ferrer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Celeste Trejo-Moreno
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62350, Mexico
| | - Manasés González-Cortazar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
| | - Claudia I Gamboa-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Durango 34067, Mexico
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Canoas 100, Durango 34067, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Xochitepec 62790, Mexico
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13
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Han J, Li S, Wang W, Jiang X, Liu C, Lei L, Li Y, Sheng R, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Si S. SIRT1 Activator E1231 Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:5052-5070. [PMID: 37367070 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases. Silencing information regulator 1 (SIRT1) was demonstrated to modulate cholesterol and lipid metabolism in NAFLD. Here, a novel SIRT1 activator, E1231, was studied for its potential improvement effects on NAFLD. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HFHC) for 40 weeks to create a NAFLD mouse model, and E1231 was administered by oral gavage (50 mg/kg body weight, once/day) for 4 weeks. Liver-related plasma biochemistry parameter tests, Oil Red O staining, and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that E1231 treatment ameliorated plasma dyslipidemia, plasma marker levels of liver damage (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), liver total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) contents, and obviously decreased hepatic steatosis score and NAFLD Activity Score (NAS) in the NAFLD mouse model. Western blot results showed that E1231 treatment significantly regulated lipid-metabolism-related protein expression. In particular, E1231 treatment increased SIRT1, PGC-1α, and p-AMPKα protein expression but decreased ACC and SCD-1 protein expression. Additionally, in vitro studies demonstrated that E1231 inhibited lipid accumulation and improved mitochondrial function in free-fatty-acid-challenged hepatocytes, and required SIRT1 activation. In conclusion, this study illustrated that the SIRT1 activator E1231 alleviated HFHC-induced NAFLD development and improved liver injury by regulating the SIRT1-AMPKα pathway, and might be a promising candidate compound for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxue Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lijuan Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yining Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ren Sheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yexiang Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for Screening Novel Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), Tiantan Xili 1#, Beijing 100050, China
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14
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Bouslama R, Dumont V, Lindfors S, Paavolainen L, Tienari J, Nisen H, Mirtti T, Saleem MA, Gordin D, Groop PH, Suetsugu S, Lehtonen S. Phosphorylation of PACSIN2 at S313 Regulates Podocyte Architecture in Coordination with N-WASP. Cells 2023; 12:1487. [PMID: 37296607 PMCID: PMC10252800 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the dynamic architecture of podocytes, the glomerular epithelial cells, lead to kidney dysfunction. Previous studies on protein kinase C and casein kinase 2 substrates in neurons 2 (PACSIN2), a known regulator of endocytosis and cytoskeletal organization, reveal a connection between PACSIN2 and kidney pathogenesis. Here, we show that the phosphorylation of PACSIN2 at serine 313 (S313) is increased in the glomeruli of rats with diabetic kidney disease. We found that phosphorylation at S313 is associated with kidney dysfunction and increased free fatty acids rather than with high glucose and diabetes alone. Phosphorylation of PACSIN2 emerged as a dynamic process that fine-tunes cell morphology and cytoskeletal arrangement, in cooperation with the regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP). PACSIN2 phosphorylation decreased N-WASP degradation while N-WASP inhibition triggered PACSIN2 phosphorylation at S313. Functionally, pS313-PACSIN2 regulated actin cytoskeleton rearrangement depending on the type of cell injury and the signaling pathways involved. Collectively, this study indicates that N-WASP induces phosphorylation of PACSIN2 at S313, which serves as a mechanism whereby cells regulate active actin-related processes. The dynamic phosphorylation of S313 is needed to regulate cytoskeletal reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Bouslama
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Dumont
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Lindfors
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lassi Paavolainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Tienari
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 05850 Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00029 HUS, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Children’s Renal Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Shiro Suetsugu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Data Science Center, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Center for Digital Green-Innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Abstract
Purpose To evaluate choroidal lesions with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scan in varicella zoster virus (VZV) uveitis. Methods VZV-uveitis cases which underwent OCT scan for choroidal lesions were studied. SD-OCT scan passing through these lesions was studied in detail. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) during active and resolved stages was studied. Angiogaphic features were studied where available. Results Thirteen out of 15 cases had same-sided herpes zoster ophthalmicus skin rashes. All except three patients had old or active kerato-uveitis. All eyes demonstrated clear vitreous and a single or multiple hypopigmented orangish-yellow choroidal lesions. The number of lesions remained unchanged during the follow-up on clinical examination. SD-OCT over lesions (n = 11) showed choroidal thinning (n = 5), hyporeflective choroidal elevation during active inflammation (n = 3), transmission effects (n = 4), and ellipsoid zone disruption (n = 7). The mean change in SFCT (n = 9) after resolution of the inflammation was 26.3 μm (range: 3-90 μm). Fundus fluorescein angiography showed iso-fluorescence over lesions in all (n = 5), but indocyanine green angiography (n = 3) showed hypofluorescence at lesions. Mean follow-up was 1.38 years (range: 3 months-7 years). De-novo appearance of choroidal lesion during the first relapse of VZV-uveitis was captured in one case. Conclusion VZV-uveitis can cause focal or multifocal hypopigmented choroidal lesions with thickening or scarring of choroidal tissue, depending on the disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kawali
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aayesha Khanum
- Department of Retina, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmamalini Mahendradas
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivasan Sanjay
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sai-Bhakti Mishra
- Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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16
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Yang EJ, Wambier SPF, Wambier CG. Safer 1064nm long-pulse frequency settings and safety eyewear setup to improve visualization of superficial veins. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023:S0190-9622(23)00743-0. [PMID: 37121480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.02.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Sarah P F Wambier
- Ophthalmology and Oculoplastic Surgery, Wambier Center of Medical Specialties, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Carlos Gustavo Wambier
- Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
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17
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Pathoulas JT, Flanagan KE, Walker CJ, Collins MS, Ali S, Pupo Wiss IM, Cotsarelis G, Milbar H, Huang K, Mostaghimi A, Scott D, Han JJ, Lee KJ, Hordinsky MK, Farah RS, Bellefeuille G, Raymond O, Bergfeld W, Ranasinghe G, Shapiro J, Lo Sicco KI, Gutierrez D, Ko J, Mirmirani P, Mesinkovska N, Yale KL, Goldberg LJ, Tosti A, Gwillim EC, Goh C, Senna MM. A multicenter descriptive analysis of 270 men with frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris in the United States. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:937-939. [PMID: 36396001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T Pathoulas
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly E Flanagan
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chloe J Walker
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maya S Collins
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shaheir Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isabel M Pupo Wiss
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George Cotsarelis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather Milbar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathie Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Arash Mostaghimi
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah Scott
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jane J Han
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen J Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria K Hordinsky
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ronda S Farah
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Gretchen Bellefeuille
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ora Raymond
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wilma Bergfeld
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Jerry Shapiro
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | | | - Daniel Gutierrez
- Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Justin Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, Kaiser Permanente Vallejo Medical Center, Vallejo, California
| | - Natasha Mesinkovska
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Katerina L Yale
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Lynne J Goldberg
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida
| | - Eran C Gwillim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida
| | - Carolyn Goh
- Department of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maryanne M Senna
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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18
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Risikesan J, Heebøll S, Kumarathas I, Funck KL, Søndergaard E, Johansen RF, Ringgaard S, Tolbod LP, Johannsen M, Kanstrup HL, Grønbæk H, Frystyk J, Gormsen LC, Nielsen S. Exercise increases myocardial free fatty acid oxidation in subjects with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis 2023; 372:10-18. [PMID: 37011565 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with dyslipidemia and may promote cardiac lipotoxicity. Myocardial free fatty acids (FFA) oxidation (MOFFA) is normal in pre-diabetes, but reduced in heart failure. We hypothesized that during exercise MOFFA, very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) secretion, hepatic FFA utilization, and lactate production differ among obese subjects with and without MAFLD. METHODS Nine obese subjects with MAFLD and 8 matched subjects without MAFLD (Control) without a history of heart failure and cardiovascular disease were compared before and after 90-min exercise at 50% Peak oxygen consumption. Basal and exercise induced cardiac and hepatic FFA oxidation, uptake and re-esterification and VLDL-TG secretion were measured using [11C]palmitate positron-emission tomography and [1-14C]VLDL-TG. RESULTS In the heart, increased MOFFA was observed after exercise in MAFLD, whereas MOFFA decreased in Control (basal vs exercise, MAFLD: 4.1 (0.8) vs 4.8 (0.8) μmol·100 ml-1 min-1; Control: 4.9 (1.8) vs 4.0 (1.1); μmol·100 ml-1 min-1, mean (SD), p < 0.048). Hepatic FFA fluxes were significantly lower in MAFLD than Control and increased ≈ two-fold in both groups. VLDL-TG secretion was 50% greater in MAFLD at rest and similarly suppressed during exercise. Plasma lactate increased significantly less in MAFLD than Control during exercise. CONCLUSIONS Using robust tracer-techniques we found that obese subjects with MAFLD do not downregulate MOFFA during exercise compared to Control, possibly due to diminished lactate supply. Hepatic FFA fluxes are significantly lower in MAFLD than Control, but increase similarly with exercise. VLDL-TG export remains greater in MAFLD compared to Control. Basal and post-exercise myocardial and hepatic FFA, VLDL-TG and lactate metabolism is abnormal in subjects with MAFLD compared to Control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Heebøll
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, AUH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian L Funck
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, AUH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rakel F Johansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lars P Tolbod
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, AUH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Section for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, AUH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Grønbæk
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, AUH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jan Frystyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars C Gormsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, AUH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Nielsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital (AUH), Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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19
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Mohite AA, Perais JA, McCullough P, Lois N. Retinal Ischaemia in Diabetic Retinopathy: Understanding and Overcoming a Therapeutic Challenge. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062406. [PMID: 36983406 PMCID: PMC10056455 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal ischaemia is present to a greater or lesser extent in all eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nonetheless, our understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms, risk factors, as well as other characteristics of retinal ischaemia in DR is very limited. To date, there is no treatment to revascularise ischaemic retina. METHODS Review of the literature highlighting the current knowledge on the topic of retinal ischaemia in DR, important observations made, and underlying gaps for which research is needed. RESULTS A very scarce number of clinical studies, mostly cross-sectional, have evaluated specifically retinal ischaemia in DR. Interindividual variability on its natural course and consequences, including the development of its major complications, namely diabetic macular ischaemia and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, have not been investigated. The in situ, surrounding, and distance effect of retinal ischaemia on retinal function and structure and its change over time remains also to be elucidated. Treatments to prevent the development of retinal ischaemia and, importantly, to achieve retinal reperfusion once capillary drop out has ensued, are very much needed and remain to be developed. CONCLUSION Research into retinal ischaemia in diabetes should be a priority to save sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay A Mohite
- Department of Ophthalmology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Jennifer A Perais
- Welcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Philip McCullough
- Welcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Noemi Lois
- Department of Ophthalmology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- Welcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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20
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Castelão-Baptista JP, Valente SA, Canário S, Oppolzer D, Barros A, Venâncio C, Martins T, Antunes L, Sardão VA, Rosa E, Oliveira PJ. Brassica oleracea Var italica by-Products Prevent Lipid Accumulation and Cell Death in a Liver Cell Model of Lipid Toxicity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040924. [PMID: 36839282 PMCID: PMC9965884 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a rising concern in the Eastern world, encompasses several co-morbidities, namely non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Potential natural-based interventions to decrease the burden of obesity complications are being investigated. Many of the edible parts of plants are not sold for consumption and end up as massive waste, losing nutritional potential. In fact, a sizeable amount of waste is generated within the different steps of the food supply chain, representing a massive loss of both plant material and natural resources. A good example is Brassica by-products (BBPs). The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of three different extracts from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) by-products in an in vitro model of free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipotoxicity using human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Broccoli leaf, stalk, and inflorescence extracts induced a dose-dependent decrease in the cell viability of HepG2 cells. However, the maximal non-lethal concentrations of leaves, stalks, and inflorescences (10 μg/mL) did not compromise mitochondrial function or neutral lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. The extracts significantly decreased FFA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells either in a co-incubation or pre-incubation strategy. The broccoli extracts' capacity to prevent the FFA-induced decrease in catalase activity in HepG2 may explain the observed effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P. Castelão-Baptista
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Sara A. Valente
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Sara Canário
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - David Oppolzer
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Venâncio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tânia Martins
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Luís Antunes
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vilma A. Sardão
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rosa
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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21
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Yao Y, Luo ZP, Li HW, Wang SX, Wu YC, Hu Y, Hu S, Yang CC, Yang JF, Wang JP, Peng L, Chen F, Pan LX, Xu T. P38γ modulates the lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22716. [PMID: 36527390 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200939rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem in Western countries and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Although NAFLD is closely associated with obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The disease begins with excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, which in turn leads to liver cell damage, steatosis, inflammation, and so on. P38γ is one of the four isoforms of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 MAPKs) that contributes to inflammation in different diseases. In this research, we investigated the role of P38γ in NAFLD. In vivo, a NAFLD model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet and adeno-associated virus (AAV9-shRNA-P38γ) was injected into C57BL/6J mice by tail vein for knockdown P38γ. The results indicated that the expression level of P38γ was upregulated in MCD-fed mice. Furthermore, the downregulation of P38γ significantly attenuated liver injury and lipid accumulation in mice. In vitro, mouse hepatocytes AML-12 were treated with free fatty acid (FFA). We found that P38γ was obviously increased in FFA-treated AML-12 cells, whereas knockdown of P38γ significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in FFA-treated AML-12 cells. Furthermore, P38γ regulated the Janus Kinase-Signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. Inhibition of P38γ can inhibit the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting lipid accumulation in FFA-treated AML-12 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that targeting P38γ contributes to the suppression of lipid accumulation in fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Luo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yin-Cui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Peng Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Xin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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22
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Dal J, Rosendal C, Karmisholt J, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Andersen MS, Klose M, Feltoft C, Heck A, Nielsen EH, Jørgensen JOL. Sex difference in patients with controlled acromegaly-A multicentre survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2023; 98:74-81. [PMID: 35474467 PMCID: PMC10083986 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Active acromegaly is subject to sex differences in growth hormone (GH) and Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) patterns as well as clinical features but whether this also pertains to controlled disease is unclear. DESIGN In a cross-sectional, multi-centre study, 84 patients with acromegaly (F = 43, M = 41), who were considered controlled after surgery alone (n = 23) or during continued somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL) treatment (n = 61), were examined. METHODS Serum concentrations of GH, insulin, glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) together with baseline serum IGF-I and completion of two HR-Qol questionnaires (acromegaly quality of life questionnaire [AcroQol] and Patient-assessed Acromegaly Symptom Questionnaire [PASQ]). RESULTS The mean age at the time of the study was 57 (±1.1) years and the majority of females (were postmenopausal. Females had significantly higher fasting GH but comparable IGF-I standard deviation scores (SDS). Using fasting GH < 1.0 µg/L as cut off, disease control was less prevalent in females (F: 56% vs. M: 83%, p = .007) whereas a comparable figure was observed using IGF-I SDS < 2 (F:79% vs. M:76%, p = .71). Compared with males, female patients showed impaired AcroQol physical score (p = .05), higher fasting FFA (p = .03) and insulin concentrations during the OGTT (p = .04). CONCLUSION In patients with acromegaly considered controlled, postmenopausal females exhibited higher GH levels than males despite comparable IGF-I levels, which also translated into impaired metabolic health and well-being. Our findings point to the relevance of including GH measurements in the assessment of disease control and suggest that disease-specific sex differences prevail after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Dal
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Centre North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Rosendal
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Karmisholt
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marianne Klose
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Feltoft
- Department of Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ansgar Heck
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eigil H Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens O L Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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23
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Hassan LM, Asaad A, ElSanabary Z, Youssef MM. Evaluation of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature changes in cases of sarcoid and tuberculosis-associated posterior uveitis using OCT angiography. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:597-608. [PMID: 36029353 PMCID: PMC9971116 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate retinal microvascular changes in sarcoid and tuberculous (TB) posterior uveitis. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study includes 30 eyes. FFA and OCTA images were acquired. OCTA images were analyzed for areas of capillary hypo-perfusion, disorganization of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) and intraretinal cystoid spaces and for measuring the size of the foveal avascular zone and vessel density (VD) in the SCP and DCP. RESULTS A total of 11 eyes were associated with TB and 19 with sarcoidosis. By OCTA, 100% had areas of capillary non-perfusion, 36.7% choroidal voids, 30% disorganization of the SCP and DCP and 26.6% intraretinal cystoid spaces. The VD of the DCP was significantly lower in the TB group. On comparing OCTA and FFA, parafoveal ischemia was detected more frequently on OCTA and macular edema more frequently on FFA (P = < 0.001). The BCVA was not significantly correlated with the VD of the SCP or DCP. CONCLUSION OCTA can be used in detection of early microvascular changes, segmenting retinal layers and localizing abnormalities. The presence of these changes may aid in the diagnosis of TB and sarcoid uveitis, for prognosis, follow-up and may be the only choice when FFA is contraindicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeinab ElSanabary
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Cairo University, 3 Road 217, Degla Maadi, Cairo, 11431 Egypt
| | - Maha M. Youssef
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Cairo University, 3 Road 217, Degla Maadi, Cairo, 11431 Egypt
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24
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Feng Y, Sun W, Sun F, Yin G, Liang P, Chen S, Liu X, Jiang T, Zhang F. Biological Mechanisms and Related Natural Inhibitors of CD36 in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3829-3845. [PMID: 36388082 PMCID: PMC9642071 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s386982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of liver disorders from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to the more severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is the leading etiology of chronic liver disease and its global prevalence is increasing. Hepatic steatosis, a condition marked by an abnormal buildup of triglycerides in the liver, is the precursor to NAFLD. Differentiated cluster 36 (CD36), a scavenger receptor class B protein, is a membrane receptor that recognizes multiple lipid and non-lipid ligands. It is generally agreed that CD36 contributes significantly to hepatic steatosis by taking part in fatty acid uptake as well as triglyceride storage and secretion. While there has not been any conclusive research on how CD36 inhibitors prevent NAFLD from progressing and no clinically approved CD36 inhibitors are currently available for use in NAFLD, CD36 remains a target worthy of further investigation in NAFLD. In recent years, the potential role of natural products acting through CD36 in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has attracted much attention. This paper offers an overview of the pathogenesis of CD36 in NAFLD and summarizes some of the natural compounds or extracts that are currently being investigated for modulating NAFLD via CD36 or the CD36 pathway, providing an alternative approach to the development of CD36-related drugs in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Feng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenxiu Sun
- Department of Nursing, Taishan Vocational College of Nursing, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengcui Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Liang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Suwen Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyi Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongfei Jiang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Coggan DD, Watson DM, Wang A, Brownbridge R, Ellis C, Jones K, Kilroy C, Andrews TJ. The representation of shape and texture in category-selective regions of ventral-temporal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 56:4107-4120. [PMID: 35703007 PMCID: PMC9545892 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies using univariate and multivariate approaches have shown that the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA) respond selectively to images of faces and places. The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which this selectivity to faces or places is based on the shape or texture properties of the images. Faces and houses were filtered to manipulate their texture properties, while preserving the shape properties (spatial envelope) of the images. In Experiment 1, multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) showed that patterns of fMRI response to faces and houses in FFA and PPA were predicted by the shape properties, but not by the texture properties of the image. In Experiment 2, a univariate analysis (fMR‐adaptation) showed that responses in the FFA and PPA were sensitive to changes in both the shape and texture properties of the image. These findings can be explained by the spatial scale of the representation of images in the FFA and PPA. At a coarser scale (revealed by MVPA), the neural selectivity to faces and houses is sensitive to variation in the shape properties of the image. However, at a finer scale (revealed by fMR‐adaptation), the neural selectivity is sensitive to the texture properties of the image. By combining these neuroimaging paradigms, our results provide insights into the spatial scale of the neural representation of faces and places in the ventral‐temporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Coggan
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Ao Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | - Kathryn Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
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26
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Rossion B. Twenty years of investigation with the case of prosopagnosia PS to understand human face identity recognition. Part II: Neural basis. Neuropsychologia 2022; 173:108279. [PMID: 35667496 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Patient PS sustained her dramatic brain injury in 1992, the same year as the first report of a neuroimaging study of human face recognition. The present paper complements the review on the functional nature of PS's prosopagnosia (part I), illustrating how her case study directly, i.e., through neuroimaging investigations of her brain structure and activity, but also indirectly, through neural studies performed on other clinical cases and neurotypical individuals, inspired and constrained neural models of human face recognition. In the dominant right hemisphere for face recognition in humans, PS's main lesion concerns (inputs to) the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG), in a region where face-selective activity is typically found in normal individuals ('Occipital Face Area', OFA). Her case study initially supported the criticality of this region for face identity recognition (FIR) and provided the impetus for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intracerebral electrical stimulation, and cortical surgery studies that have generally supported this view. Despite PS's right IOG lesion, typical face-selectivity is found anteriorly in the middle portion of the fusiform gyrus, a hominoid structure (termed the right 'Fusiform Face Area', FFA) that is widely considered to be the most important region for human face recognition. This finding led to the original proposal of direct anatomico-functional connections from early visual cortices to the FFA, bypassing the IOG/OFA (lulu), a hypothesis supported by further neuroimaging studies of PS, other neurological cases and neuro-typical individuals with original visual stimulation paradigms, data recordings and analyses. The proposal of a lack of sensitivity to face identity in PS's right FFA due to defective reentrant inputs from the IOG/FFA has also been supported by other cases, functional connectivity and cortical surgery studies. Overall, neural studies of, and based on, the case of prosopagnosia PS strongly question the hierarchical organization of the human neural face recognition system, supporting a more flexible and dynamic view of this key social brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rossion
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRAN, F-54000, Nancy, France; CHRU-Nancy, Service de Neurologie, F-5400, France; Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Belgium.
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27
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Camastra S, Ferrannini E. Role of anatomical location, cellular phenotype and perfusion of adipose tissue in intermediary metabolism: A narrative review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:43-50. [PMID: 35031911 PMCID: PMC8873050 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that adipose tissue accumulation is associated with insulin resistance through multiple mechanisms. One major metabolic link is the classical Randle cycle: enhanced release of free fatty acids (FFA) from hydrolysis of adipose tissue triglycerides impedes insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle tissues. Less well studied are the different routes of this communication. First, white adipose tissue depots may be regionally distant from muscle (i.e., gluteal fat and diaphragm muscle) or contiguous to muscle but separated by a fascia (Scarpa's fascia in the abdomen, fascia lata in the thigh). In this case, released FFA outflow through the venous drainage and merge into arterial plasma to be transported to muscle tissues. Next, cytosolic triglycerides can directly, i.e., within the cell, provide FFA to myocytes (but also pancreatic ß-cells, renal tubular cells, etc.). Finally, adipocyte layers or lumps may be adjacent to, but not anatomically segregated, from muscle, as is typically the case for epicardial fat and cardiomyocytes. As regulation of these three main delivery paths is different, their separate contribution to substrate competition at the whole-body level is uncertain. Another important link between fat and muscle is vascular. In the resting state, blood flow is generally higher in adipose tissue than in muscle. In the insulinized state, fat blood flow is directly related to whole-body insulin resistance whereas muscle blood flow is not; consequently, fractional (i.e., flow-adjusted) glucose uptake is stimulated in muscle but not fat. Thus, reduced blood supply is a major factor for the impairment of in vivo insulin-mediated glucose uptake in both subcutaneous and visceral fat. In contrast, the insulin resistance of glucose uptake in resting skeletal muscle is predominantly a cellular defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Camastra
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Sarbazi-Golezari A, Haghdoost-Yazdi H. Chronic and progressive dopaminergic neuronal death in substantia nigra associates with a decrease in serum levels of glucose and free fatty acids, the role of interlokin-1 beta. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:373-381. [PMID: 34767157 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00868-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human studies indicate that Parkinson's disease (PD) associates with disruption in metabolism of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA). Studies have shown that interlukin-1beta (IL-1β) causes hypoglycemia through insulin- independent mechanisms. Here, we investigated association between dopaminergic neuronal death, as the main pathophysiological mechanism underlying PD, and serum levels of glucose, FFA and IL-1β in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. Neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into medial forebrain bundle and multiple behavioral testes were carried out during eight weeks thereafter. Blood was collected before the toxin and in second and eight weeks thereafter. Then, brain of the animals was perfused to assess survival of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in substantia nigra by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. Glucose, FFA and IL-1β levels were determined using calorimetric method and specific ELISA kits. In compare to control, 6-OHDA- treated rats had less glucose and FFA levels in the eight week and higher IL-1β level in the both second and eight weeks. Based on severity of behavioral symptoms, 6-OHDA- treated rats were divided into two subgroups of severe and mild. Number of TH- positive cells in these subgroups was 83 and 45% less than that in control. Also, both subgroups showed less weight gain, lower glucose and FFA and higher IL-1β in eight week. Our data indicate that moderate to severe progressive DAergic neuronal death in substantia nigra associates with a decrease in serum levels of glucose and FFA. Increase in IL-1β production following neuronal death possibly mediated this decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sarbazi-Golezari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non- Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Kosakowski HL, Cohen MA, Takahashi A, Keil B, Kanwisher N, Saxe R. Selective responses to faces, scenes, and bodies in the ventral visual pathway of infants. Curr Biol 2022; 32:265-274.e5. [PMID: 34784506 PMCID: PMC8792213 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three of the most robust functional landmarks in the human brain are the selective responses to faces in the fusiform face area (FFA), scenes in the parahippocampal place area (PPA), and bodies in the extrastriate body area (EBA). Are the selective responses of these regions present early in development or do they require many years to develop? Prior evidence leaves this question unresolved. We designed a new 32-channel infant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) coil and collected high-quality functional MRI (fMRI) data from infants (2-9 months of age) while they viewed stimuli from four conditions-faces, bodies, objects, and scenes. We find that infants have face-, scene-, and body-selective responses in the location of the adult FFA, PPA, and EBA, respectively, powerfully constraining accounts of cortical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Kosakowski
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Michael A Cohen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Amherst College, 220 South Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Boris Keil
- Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Department of Life Science Engineering, Mittelhessen University of Applied Science, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nancy Kanwisher
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Saxe
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Zhou H, Zhu X, Yao Y, Su Y, Xie J, Zhu M, He C, Ding J, Xu Y, Shan R, Wang Y, Zhao X, Ding Y, Liu B, Shao Z, Liu Y, Xu T, Xie Y. TMEM88 Modulates Lipid Synthesis and Metabolism Cytokine by Regulating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:798735. [PMID: 35058782 PMCID: PMC8764240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.798735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To clarify the molecular mechanism of TMEM88 regulating lipid synthesis and metabolism cytokine in NAFLD. Methods:In vivo, NAFLD model mice were fed by a Methionine and Choline-Deficient (MCD) diet. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry experiments were used to analyze the mice liver tissue. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the lipid synthesis and metabolism cytokine. In vitro, pEGFP-C1-TMEM88 and TMEM88 siRNA were transfected respectively in free fat acid (FFA) induced AML-12 cells, and the expression level of SREBP-1c, PPAR-α, FASN, and ACOX-1 were evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Results: The study found that the secretion of PPAR-α and its downstream target ACOX-1 were upregulated, and the secretion of SREBP-1c and its downstream target FASN were downregulated after transfecting with pEGFP-C1-TMEM88. But when TMEM88 was inhibited, the experimental results were opposite to the aforementioned conclusions. The data suggested that it may be related to the occurrence, development, and end of NAFLD. Additionally, the study proved that TMEM88 can inhibit Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Meanwhile, TMEM88 can accelerate the apoptotic rate of FFA-induced AML-12 cells. Conclusion: Overall, the study proved that TMEM88 takes part in regulating the secretion of lipid synthesis and metabolism cytokine through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in AML-12 cells. Therefore, TMEM88 may be involved in the progress of NAFLD. Further research will bring new ideas for the study of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Public Foundation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xingyu Zhu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Su
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Public Foundation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Minhui Zhu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Cuixia He
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jiaxiang Ding
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Public Foundation, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rongfang Shan
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiangdi Zhao
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuzhou Ding
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Bingyan Liu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhonghuan Shao
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunqiu Xie
- National Drug Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Rossion B, Lochy A. Is human face recognition lateralized to the right hemisphere due to neural competition with left-lateralized visual word recognition? A critical review. Brain Struct Funct 2021. [PMID: 34731327 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The right hemispheric lateralization of face recognition, which is well documented and appears to be specific to the human species, remains a scientific mystery. According to a long-standing view, the evolution of language, which is typically substantiated in the left hemisphere, competes with the cortical space in that hemisphere available for visuospatial processes, including face recognition. Over the last decade, a specific hypothesis derived from this view according to which neural competition in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex with selective representations of letter strings causes right hemispheric lateralization of face recognition, has generated considerable interest and research in the scientific community. Here, a systematic review of studies performed in various populations (infants, children, literate and illiterate adults, left-handed adults) and methodologies (behavior, lesion studies, (intra)electroencephalography, neuroimaging) offers little if any support for this reading lateralized neural competition hypothesis. Specifically, right-lateralized face-selective neural activity already emerges at a few months of age, well before reading acquisition. Moreover, consistent evidence of face recognition performance and its right hemispheric lateralization being modulated by literacy level during development or at adulthood is lacking. Given the absence of solid alternative hypotheses and the key role of neural competition in the sensory-motor cortices for selectivity of representations, learning, and plasticity, a revised language-related neural competition hypothesis for the right hemispheric lateralization of face recognition should be further explored in future research, albeit with substantial conceptual clarification and advances in methodological rigor.
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Silson EH, Groen IIA, Baker CI. Direct comparison of contralateral bias and face/scene selectivity in human occipitotemporal cortex. Brain Struct Funct 2021. [PMID: 34727232 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02411-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human visual cortex is organised broadly according to two major principles: retinotopy (the spatial mapping of the retina in cortex) and category-selectivity (preferential responses to specific categories of stimuli). Historically, these principles were considered anatomically separate, with retinotopy restricted to the occipital cortex and category-selectivity emerging in the lateral-occipital and ventral-temporal cortex. However, recent studies show that category-selective regions exhibit systematic retinotopic biases, for example exhibiting stronger activation for stimuli presented in the contra- compared to the ipsilateral visual field. It is unclear, however, whether responses within category-selective regions are more strongly driven by retinotopic location or by category preference, and if there are systematic differences between category-selective regions in the relative strengths of these preferences. Here, we directly compare contralateral and category preferences by measuring fMRI responses to scene and face stimuli presented in the left or right visual field and computing two bias indices: a contralateral bias (response to the contralateral minus ipsilateral visual field) and a face/scene bias (preferred response to scenes compared to faces, or vice versa). We compare these biases within and between scene- and face-selective regions and across the lateral and ventral surfaces of the visual cortex more broadly. We find an interaction between surface and bias: lateral surface regions show a stronger contralateral than face/scene bias, whilst ventral surface regions show the opposite. These effects are robust across and within subjects, and appear to reflect large-scale, smoothly varying gradients. Together, these findings support distinct functional roles for the lateral and ventral visual cortex in terms of the relative importance of the spatial location of stimuli during visual information processing.
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Liu M, Liu CH, Zheng S, Zhao K, Fu X. Reexamining the neural network involved in perception of facial expression: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:179-191. [PMID: 34536463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perception of facial expression is essential for social interactions. Although a few competing models have enjoyed some success to map brain regions, they are also facing difficult challenges. The current study used an updated activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method of meta-analysis to explore the involvement of brain regions in facial expression processing. The sample contained 96 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of healthy adults with the results of whole-brain analyses. The key findings revealed that the ventral pathway, especially the left fusiform face area (FFA) region, was more responsive to facial expression. The left posterior FFA showed strong involvement when participants passively viewing emotional faces without being asked to judge the type of expression or other attributes of the stimuli. Through meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) of the main brain regions in the ventral pathway, we constructed a co-activating neural network as a revised model of facial expression processing that assigns prominent roles to the amygdala, FFA, the occipital gyrus, and the inferior frontal gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang Hong Liu
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Shuang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Abstract
The endothelium acts as the barrier that prevents circulating lipids such as lipoproteins and fatty acids into the arterial wall; it also regulates normal functioning in the circulatory system by balancing vasodilation and vasoconstriction, modulating the several responses and signals. Plasma lipids can interact with endothelium via different mechanisms and produce different phenotypes. Increased plasma-free fatty acids (FFAs) levels are associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Because of the multi-dimensional roles of plasma FFAs in mediating endothelial dysfunction, increased FFA level is now considered an essential link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction in CVD. FFA-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms, including dysregulated production of nitric oxide and cytokines, metaflammation, oxidative stress, inflammation, activation of the renin-angiotensin system, and apoptosis. Therefore, modulation of FFA-mediated pathways involved in endothelial dysfunction may prevent the complications associated with CVD risk. This review presents details as to how endothelium is affected by FFAs involving several metabolic pathways.
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Mukhuty A, Fouzder C, Kundu R. Blocking TLR4-NF-κB pathway protects mouse islets from the combinatorial impact of high fat and fetuin-A mediated dysfunction and restores ability for insulin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 532:111314. [PMID: 33989718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid mediated pancreatic β-cell dysfunction during Type 2 diabetes is known to be regulated by activation of TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4) and NF-κB (Nuclear factor kappa B). Recently we have reported that MIN6 cells (mouse insulinoma cells) secrete fetuin-A on stimulation by palmitate that aggravates β-cell dysfunction, but the mechanism involved in-vivo has not been demonstrated and thus remained unclear. Here we attempted to dissect the role of palmitate and fetuin-A on insulin secretion using high fat diet (HFD) fed mice model. HFD islets showed curtailed insulin secretion after 20 weeks of treatment with activated TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Further treatment of islets with palmitate raised fetuin-A expression by ~2.8 folds and cut down insulin secretion by ~1.4 folds. However, blocking the activity of TLR4, fetuin-A and NF-κB using specific inhibitors or siRNAs not only restored insulin secretion by ~2 folds in standard diet fed mice islets and MIN6 cells but also evoke insulin secretory ability by ~2.3 folds in HFD islets. Altogether this study demonstrated that blocking TLR4, fetuin-A and NF-κB protect pancreatic β-cells from the negative effects of free fatty acid and fetuin-A and restore insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Mukhuty
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731 235, India
| | - Chandrani Fouzder
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731 235, India
| | - Rakesh Kundu
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, 731 235, India.
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Hattori S, Omi N, Yang Z, Nakamura M, Ikemoto M. Effect of ginger extract ingestion on skeletal muscle glycogen contents and endurance exercise in male rats. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:15-19. [PMID: 34315202 PMCID: PMC8342189 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Skeletal muscle glycogen is a determinant of endurance capacity for some athletes. Ginger is well known to possess nutritional effects, such as anti-diabetic effects. We hypothesized that ginger extract (GE) ingestion increases skeletal muscle glycogen by enhancing fat oxidation. Thus, we investigated the effect of GE ingestion on exercise capacity, skeletal muscle glycogen, and certain blood metabolites in exercised rats. [Methods] First, we evaluated the influence of GE ingestion on body weight and elevation of exercise performance in rats fed with different volumes of GE. Next, we measured the skeletal muscle glycogen content and free fatty acid (FFA) levels in GE-fed rats. Finally, we demonstrated that GE ingestion contributes to endurance capacity during intermittent exercise to exhaustion. [Results] We confirmed that GE ingestion increased exercise performance (p<0.05) and elevated the skeletal muscle glycogen content compared to the non-GE-fed (CE, control exercise) group before exercise (Soleus: p<0.01, Plantaris: p<0.01, Gastrocnemius: p<0.05). Blood FFA levels in the GE group were significantly higher than those in the CE group after exercise (p<0.05). Moreover, we demonstrated that exercise capacity was maintained in the CE group during intermittent exercise (p<0.05). [Conclusion] These findings indicate that GE ingestion increases skeletal muscle glycogen content and exercise performance through the upregulation of fat oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hattori
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naomi Omi
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhou Yang
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Moeka Nakamura
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Morfoisse F, De Toni F, Nigri J, Hosseini M, Zamora A, Tatin F, Pujol F, Sarry JE, Langin D, Lacazette E, Prats AC, Tomasini R, Galitzky J, Bouloumié A, Garmy-Susini B. Coordinating Effect of VEGFC and Oleic Acid Participates to Tumor Lymphangiogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122851. [PMID: 34200994 PMCID: PMC8227717 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In cancer, the lymphatic system is hijacked by tumor cells that escape from primary tumor and metastasize to the sentinel lymph nodes. Tumor lymphangiogenesis is stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factors-C (VEGFC) after binding to its receptor VEGFR-3. However, how VEGFC cooperates with other molecules to promote lymphatic neovessel growth has not been fully determined. Here, we showed that tumor lymphangiogenesis developed in tumoral lesions and in their surrounding adipose tissue (AT). Interestingly, lymphatic vessel density correlated with an increase in circulating free fatty acids (FFA) in the lymph from tumor-bearing mice. We showed that adipocyte-released FFA are uploaded by lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) to stimulate their sprouting. Lipidomic analysis identified the monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) as the major circulating FFA in the lymph in a tumoral context. OA transporters FATP-3, -6 and CD36 were only upregulated on LEC in the presence of VEGFC showing a collaborative effect of these molecules. OA released from adipocytes is taken up by LECs to stimulate the fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to increased adipose tissue lymphangiogenesis. Our results provide new insights on the dialogue between tumors and adipocytes via the lymphatic system and identify a key role for adipocyte-derived FFA in the promotion of lymphangiogenesis, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities for inhibitors of lymphangiogenesis in cancer. Abstract In cancer, the lymphatic system is hijacked by tumor cells that escape from primary tumor and metastasize to the sentinel lymph nodes. Tumor lymphangiogenesis is stimulated by the vascular endothelial growth factors-C (VEGFC) after binding to its receptor VEGFR-3. However, how VEGFC cooperates with other molecules to promote lymphatics growth has not been fully determined. We showed that lymphangiogenesis developed in tumoral lesions and in surrounding adipose tissue (AT). Interestingly, lymphatic vessel density correlated with an increase in circulating free fatty acids (FFA) in the lymph from tumor-bearing mice. We showed that adipocyte-released FFA are uploaded by lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) to stimulate their sprouting. Lipidomic analysis identified the monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) as the major circulating FFA in the lymph in a tumoral context. OA transporters FATP-3, -6 and CD36 were only upregulated on LEC in the presence of VEGFC showing a collaborative effect of these molecules. OA stimulates fatty acid β-oxidation in LECs, leading to increased AT lymphangiogenesis. Our results provide new insights on the dialogue between tumors and adipocytes via the lymphatic system and identify a key role for adipocyte-derived FFA in the promotion of lymphangiogenesis, revealing novel therapeutic opportunities for inhibitors of lymphangiogenesis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Morfoisse
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Fabienne De Toni
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Jeremy Nigri
- CRCM, Inserm UMR 1068, 13001 Marseille, France; (J.N.); (R.T.)
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1037, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.H.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Audrey Zamora
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Florence Tatin
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Françoise Pujol
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Jean-Emmanuel Sarry
- CRCT, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1037, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (M.H.); (J.-E.S.)
| | - Dominique Langin
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Eric Lacazette
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Prats
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Jean Galitzky
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
| | - Barbara Garmy-Susini
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse, Inserm UMR 1297, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France; (F.M.); (F.D.T.); (A.Z.); (F.T.); (F.P.); (D.L.); (E.L.); (A.-C.P.); (J.G.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Maguinness C, von Kriegstein K. Visual mechanisms for voice-identity recognition flexibly adjust to auditory noise level. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3963-3982. [PMID: 34043249 PMCID: PMC8288083 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognising the identity of voices is a key ingredient of communication. Visual mechanisms support this ability: recognition is better for voices previously learned with their corresponding face (compared to a control condition). This so‐called ‘face‐benefit’ is supported by the fusiform face area (FFA), a region sensitive to facial form and identity. Behavioural findings indicate that the face‐benefit increases in noisy listening conditions. The neural mechanisms for this increase are unknown. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined responses in face‐sensitive regions while participants recognised the identity of auditory‐only speakers (previously learned by face) in high (SNR −4 dB) and low (SNR +4 dB) levels of auditory noise. We observed a face‐benefit in both noise levels, for most participants (16 of 21). In high‐noise, the recognition of face‐learned speakers engaged the right posterior superior temporal sulcus motion‐sensitive face area (pSTS‐mFA), a region implicated in the processing of dynamic facial cues. The face‐benefit in high‐noise also correlated positively with increased functional connectivity between this region and voice‐sensitive regions in the temporal lobe in the group of 16 participants with a behavioural face‐benefit. In low‐noise, the face‐benefit was robustly associated with increased responses in the FFA and to a lesser extent the right pSTS‐mFA. The findings highlight the remarkably adaptive nature of the visual network supporting voice‐identity recognition in auditory‐only listening conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrina Maguinness
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina von Kriegstein
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Tucci J, Chen T, Margulis K, Orgel E, Paszkiewicz RL, Cohen MD, Oberley MJ, Wahhab R, Jones AE, Divakaruni AS, Hsu CC, Noll SE, Sheng X, Zare RN, Mittelman SD. Adipocytes Provide Fatty Acids to Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:665763. [PMID: 33968771 PMCID: PMC8100891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.665763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence that adipocytes play an active role in the cancer microenvironment. We have previously reported that adipocytes interact with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, contributing to chemotherapy resistance and treatment failure. In the present study, we investigated whether part of this resistance is due to adipocyte provision of lipids to ALL cells. Methods We cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and tested whether ALL cells or ALL-released cytokines induced FFA release. We investigated whether ALL cells took up these FFA, and using fluorescent tagged BODIPY-FFA and lipidomics, evaluated which lipid moieties were being transferred from adipocytes to ALL. We evaluated the effects of adipocyte-derived lipids on ALL cell metabolism using a Seahorse XF analyzer and expression of enzymes important for lipid metabolism, and tested whether these lipids could protect ALL cells from chemotherapy. Finally, we evaluated a panel of lipid synthesis and metabolism inhibitors to determine which were affected by the presence of adipocytes. Results Adipocytes release free fatty acids (FFA) when in the presence of ALL cells. These FFA are taken up by the ALL cells and incorporated into triglycerides and phospholipids. Some of these lipids are stored in lipid droplets, which can be utilized in states of fuel deprivation. Adipocytes preferentially release monounsaturated FFA, and this can be attenuated by inhibiting the desaturating enzyme steroyl-CoA decarboxylase-1 (SCD1). Adipocyte-derived FFA can relieve ALL cell endogenous lipogenesis and reverse the cytotoxicity of pharmacological acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) inhibition. Further, adipocytes alter ALL cell metabolism, shifting them from glucose to FFA oxidation. Interestingly, the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, protects ALL cells from modest concentrations of chemotherapy, such as those that might be present in the ALL microenvironment. In addition, targeting lipid synthesis and metabolism can potentially reverse adipocyte protection of ALL cells. Conclusion These findings uncover a previously unidentified interaction between ALL cells and adipocytes, leading to transfer of FFA for use as a metabolic fuel and macromolecule building block. This interaction may contribute to ALL resistance to chemotherapy, and could potentially be targeted to improve ALL treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tucci
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ting Chen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Katherine Margulis
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Etan Orgel
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael D Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew J Oberley
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rachel Wahhab
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sarah E Noll
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xia Sheng
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Steven D Mittelman
- Diabetes and Obesity Program, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Proverbio AM. Sexual Dimorphism in Hemispheric Processing of Faces in Humans: A Meta-Analysis of 817 Cases. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:1023-1035. [PMID: 33835164 PMCID: PMC8483282 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-established neuroimaging literature predicts a right-sided asymmetry in the activation of face-devoted areas such as the fusiform gyrus (FG) and its resulting M/N170 response during face processing. However, the face-related response sometimes appears to be bihemispheric. A few studies have argued that bilaterality depended on the sex composition of the sample. To shed light on this matter, two meta-analyses were conducted starting from a large initial database of 250 ERP (Event-related potentials)/MEG (Magnetoencephalography) peer-reviewed scientific articles. Paper coverage was from 1985 to 2020. Thirty-four articles met the inclusion criteria of a sufficiently large and balanced sample size with strictly right-handed and healthy participants aged 18–35 years and N170 measurements in response to neutral front view faces at left and right occipito/temporal sites. The data of 817 male (n = 414) and female (n = 403) healthy adults were subjected to repeated-measures analyses of variance. The results of statistical analyses from the data of 17 independent studies (from Asia, Europe and America) seem to robustly indicate the presence of a sex difference in the way the two cerebral hemispheres process facial information in humans, with a marked right-sided asymmetry of the bioelectrical activity in males and a bilateral or left-sided activity in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Mado Proverbio
- Neuro-Mi Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20162 Milan, Italy
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Deng Y, Qiu T, Zhang M, Wu J, Zhang X, Wang J, Chen K, Feng J, Ha X, Xie J, Wang C, Zhang J. High Level of Palmitic Acid Induced Over-Expressed Methyltransferase Inhibits Anti-Inflammation Factor KLF4 Expression in Obese Status. Inflammation 2021; 43:821-832. [PMID: 31900830 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our study is based on the establishment of a cohort of human obese omental adipose tissue and the culture of adipocytes in vitro. To observe the effect of high level of free fatty acid (FFA) on the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and the anti-inflammatory factor Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) in adipocytes and evaluate the role of methyltransferases in FFA inhibiting KLF4 expression. A total of 20 normal patients and 20 obese patients were selected for further test. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1/DNMT3a/DNMT3b and KLF4 in human adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes which stimulated with saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA). Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) detected methylation status of KLF4 gene in human adipose tissue. It was found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3a in the omental tissue of obese individuals were higher than those in normal group, but the expression of KLF4 was decreased. The positive methylation rate of KLF4 promoter region in obese individuals were significantly higher than those in normal individuals, especially at CpG_33 and CpG_34 sites. Meanwhile compared with non-methylated group at CpG_33 and CpG_34 sites of KLF4 promoter region, the DNMT3a mRNA expression in methylated group were significantly increased. A total of 200 μM PA significantly promoted DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b and inhibited KLF4 protein expression levels in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our findings suggest that under obesity status, the lower expression level of KLF4 of visceral adipose tissue may correlate with palmitic acid promoted DNMTs expression in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Deng
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tongtong Qiu
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meixiu Zhang
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinxiu Wu
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Keru Chen
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaodan Ha
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Xie Y, Ksander J, Gutchess A, Hadjikhani N, Ward N, Boshyan J, Zebrowitz LA. Age differences in Neural Activation to Face Trustworthiness: Voxel Pattern and Activation Level Assessments. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2021; 21:278-91. [PMID: 33751423 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Judgment of trustworthiness is an important social ability. Many studies show neural activation differences to variations in face trustworthiness in brain reward regions. A previously published analysis of the present fMRI data showed that older adults' (OA) reward region activation responded significantly to trustworthiness in a set of older and younger faces, whereas younger adults' (YA) activation did not-a finding inconsistent with studies that used only younger faces. We hypothesized that voxel pattern analyses would be more sensitive to YA neural responses to trustworthiness in our set of faces, replicating YA neural discrimination in prior literature. Based on evidence for OA neural dedifferentiation, we also hypothesized that voxel pattern analyses would more accurately classify YA than OA neural responses to face trustworthiness. We reanalyzed the data with two pattern classification models and evaluated the models' performance with permutation testing. Voxel patterns discriminated face trustworthiness levels in both YA and OA reward regions, while allowing better classification of face trustworthiness for YA than OA, the reverse of previous results for neural activation levels. The moderation of age differences by analytic method shines a light on the possibility that voxel patterns uniquely index neural representations of the stimulus information content, consistent with findings of impaired representation with age.
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Tsantani M, Kriegeskorte N, Storrs K, Williams AL, McGettigan C, Garrido L. FFA and OFA Encode Distinct Types of Face Identity Information. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1952-69. [PMID: 33452225 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1449-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Faces of different people elicit distinct fMRI patterns in several face-selective regions of the human brain. Here we used representational similarity analysis to investigate what type of identity-distinguishing information is encoded in three face-selective regions: fusiform face area (FFA), occipital face area (OFA), and posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). In a sample of 30 human participants (22 females, 8 males), we used fMRI to measure brain activity patterns elicited by naturalistic videos of famous face identities, and compared their representational distances in each region with models of the differences between identities. We built diverse candidate models, ranging from low-level image-computable properties (pixel-wise, GIST, and Gabor-Jet dissimilarities), through higher-level image-computable descriptions (OpenFace deep neural network, trained to cluster faces by identity), to complex human-rated properties (perceived similarity, social traits, and gender). We found marked differences in the information represented by the FFA and OFA. Dissimilarities between face identities in FFA were accounted for by differences in perceived similarity, Social Traits, Gender, and by the OpenFace network. In contrast, representational distances in OFA were mainly driven by differences in low-level image-based properties (pixel-wise and Gabor-Jet dissimilarities). Our results suggest that, although FFA and OFA can both discriminate between identities, the FFA representation is further removed from the image, encoding higher-level perceptual and social face information.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent studies using fMRI have shown that several face-responsive brain regions can distinguish between different face identities. It is however unclear whether these different face-responsive regions distinguish between identities in similar or different ways. We used representational similarity analysis to investigate the computations within three brain regions in response to naturalistically varying videos of face identities. Our results revealed that two regions, the fusiform face area and the occipital face area, encode distinct identity information about faces. Although identity can be decoded from both regions, identity representations in fusiform face area primarily contained information about social traits, gender, and high-level visual features, whereas occipital face area primarily represented lower-level image features.
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Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the potential of peach gum (PG) and gelatin in the microencapsulation of eugenol and the intervention of eugenol microcapsules on hepatic steatosis in vitro. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the encapsulation conditions of eugenol microcapsules. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and release behavior in vitro was determined. The effect of eugenol microcapsules on free fatty acids (FFA) treated hepatocellular cells (HepG2) cells was evaluated by oil red O staining and intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) determination. The results showed that the optimal encapsulation conditions were as follows: the PG-gelatin ratio was 1.6:1.4, the core-wall ratio was 1.6:1.4, the pH was 4 and the emulsification speed was 9000 r/min. The optimized microcapsules were smooth spherical with a size of about 3.09 ± 0.58 μm and the encapsulation was confirmed by FT-IR. In vitro release behavior showed that eugenol microcapsules could be released stably in a neutral environment for 72 h. Oil red O staining showed that 50 and 100 μM eugenol microcapsules could significantly inhibit the lipid accumulation and reduce the TC and TG in steatotic HepG2 cells induced by FFA. Therefore, PG and gelatin can be used as excellent carriers for the microencapsulation of volatile compounds in the field of biomedical industry, and eugenol microcapsules is a promising preparation for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Meixing Yan
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanling Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Foster C, Bülthoff I, Bartels A, Zhao M. Investigating holistic face processing within and outside of face-responsive brain regions. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117565. [PMID: 33221444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that human faces are processed holistically (i.e. as indecomposable wholes, rather than by their component parts) and this holistic face processing is linked to brain activity in face-responsive brain regions. Although several brain regions outside of the face-responsive network are also sensitive to relational processing and perceptual grouping, whether these non-face-responsive regions contribute to holistic processing remains unclear. Here, we investigated holistic face processing in the composite face paradigm both within and outside of face-responsive brain regions. We recorded participants' brain activity using fMRI while they performed a composite face task. Behavioural results indicate that participants tend to judge the same top face halves as different when they are aligned with different bottom face halves but not when they are misaligned, demonstrating a composite face effect. Neuroimaging results revealed significant differences in responses to aligned and misaligned faces in the lateral occipital complex (LOC), and trends in the anterior part of the fusiform face area (FFA2) and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS), suggesting that these regions are sensitive to holistic versus part-based face processing. Furthermore, the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the parahippocampal place area (PPA) showed a pattern of neural activity consistent with a holistic representation of face identity, which also correlated with the strength of the behavioural composite face effect. These results suggest that neural activity in brain regions both within and outside of the face-responsive network contributes to the composite-face effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Foster
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; International Max Planck Research School for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Bartels
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mintao Zhao
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Allafchian A, Hosseini H, Ghoreishi SM. Electrospinning of PVA-carboxymethyl cellulose nanofibers for flufenamic acid drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1780-6. [PMID: 32971166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A prominent medical application of nanotechnology is represented in drug delivery. In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used for producing CMC/PVA aqueous-based nanofibers loaded with flufenamic acid (FFA) as a drug containing amine groups. The CMC/PVA solutions with 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 50/50 ratios were considered for electrospinning. Two integration methods were studied for loading FFA on the nanofibers during the electrospinning process. The characterization techniques of SEM, AFM, fluorescence microscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to study the produced nanofibers, indicating a uniform distribution of FFA throughout the samples. The resulting nanofibers were formed in a diameter range of 176-285 nm and exhibited a 5 h degradation time in the PBS buffer solution. A standard diagram of drug loading was obtained for the samples. The drug release pattern was examined using a dialysis tube method. UV-visible spectroscopy revealed a time-dependent drug release behavior in CMC/PVA/FFA nanofibers where a sharp release occurred over the first 20 min. However, a prolonged release time of 10 h was achieved using a cross-linker (EDC).
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Abstract
Retinal vasospasm was visualized in a young female; a known case of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) retinopathy with unaffected vision. The fundus fluorescein angiogram showed a cyclical filling and emptying of the retinal vessels which was suggestive of vasospasm and a retinal Raynaud's-like phenomenon with no obvious perfusion deficit. There was retinal thinning involving the superficial layers that was seen on optical coherence tomography (OCT), capillary fill voids on OCT angiography, and retinal surface undulations seen on multicolor imaging. All imaging was performed on Spectralis (Heidelberg, Germany).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Phatak
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Jilna Jaison
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Manoj Soman
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute; CITE (Research), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Ashwin Mohan
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute; CITE (Research), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - R Unnikrishnan Nair
- Department of Retina and Vitreous, Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute; CITE (Research), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Su M, Sun L, Li W, Liu H, Liu Y, Wei Y, Yuan Y, Zheng L, Yin S, Dai C, Zhao C, Pan Z, Li Y. Metformin alleviates hyperuricaemia-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by inhibiting adipocyte hypertrophy and reversing suppressed white adipose tissue beiging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1537-53. [PMID: 32556103 DOI: 10.1042/CS20200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricaemia (HUA) significantly increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and is strongly associated with the increased prevalence of high serum free fatty acids (FFAs) and insulin resistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well established, especially the effect of uric acid (UA) on adipose tissue, a vital organ in regulating whole-body energy and FFA homeostasis. In the present study, we noticed that adipocytes from the white adipose tissue of patients with HUA were hypertrophied and had decreased UCP1 expression. To test the effects of UA on adipose tissue, we built both in vitro and in vivo HUA models and elucidated that a high level of UA could induce hypertrophy of adipocytes, inhibit their hyperplasia and reduce their beige-like characteristics. According to mRNA-sequencing analysis, UA significantly decreased the expression of leptin in adipocytes, which was closely related to fatty acid metabolism and the AMPK signalling pathway, as indicated by KEGG pathway analysis. Moreover, lowering UA using benzbromarone (a uricosuric agent) or metformin-induced activation of AMPK expression significantly attenuated UA-induced FFA metabolism impairment and adipose beiging suppression, which subsequently alleviated serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance in HUA mice. Taken together, these observations confirm that UA is involved in the aetiology of metabolic abnormalities in adipose tissue by regulating leptin-AMPK pathway, and metformin could lessen HUA-induced serum FFA elevation and insulin resistance by improving adipose tissue function via AMPK activation. Therefore, metformin could represent a novel treatment strategy for HUA-related metabolic disorders.
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Ramachandran G, Chidambaram R, Nachiappan V. FSH1 encodes lysophospholipase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:279-86. [PMID: 32920715 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the role of FSH1 (family of serine hydrolase) in lipid homeostasis. RESULTS Proteins in various species containing alpha/beta hydrolase domain are known to be involved in lipid metabolism. In silico analysis of the FSH1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed the presence of alpha/beta hydrolase domain (ABHD) and a lipase motif (GXSXG), however its function in lipid metabolism remained elusive. The overexpression of FSH1 in WT and fsh1Δ cells showed a significant reduction in the cellular phospholipid levels and an increase in the triacylglycerol levels and lipid droplet (LD) number. Furthermore, the purified recombinant protein Fsh1p was identified as a lysophospholipase that specifically acts on lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) and impacts the lipid homeostasis in S. cerevisiae. CONCLUSIONS These results depicted that Fsh1p has a role on lipid homeostasis and is a lysophospholipase that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylserine (LPS).
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50
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Yue X, Robert S, Ungerleider LG. Curvature processing in human visual cortical areas. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117295. [PMID: 32835823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Curvature is one of many visual features shown to be important for visual perception. We recently showed that curvilinear features provide sufficient information for categorizing animate vs. inanimate objects, while rectilinear features do not (Zachariou et al., 2018). Results from our fMRI study in rhesus monkeys (Yue et al., 2014) have shed light on some of the neural substrates underlying curvature processing by revealing a network of visual cortical patches with a curvature response preference. However, it is unknown whether a similar network exists in human visual cortex. Thus, the current study was designed to investigate cortical areas with a preference for curvature in the human brain using fMRI at 7T. Consistent with our monkey fMRI results, we found a network of curvature preferring cortical patches-some of which overlapped well-known face-selective areas. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) using all visually-responsive voxels indicated that curvilinear features of visual stimuli were associated with specific retinotopic regions in visual cortex. Regions associated with positive curvilinear PC values encompassed the central visual field representation of early visual areas and the lateral surface of temporal cortex, while those associated with negative curvilinear PC values encompassed the peripheral visual field representation of early visual areas and the medial surface of temporal cortex. Thus, we found that broad areas of curvature preference, which encompassed face-selective areas, were bound by central visual field representations. Our results support the hypothesis that curvilinearity preference interacts with central-peripheral processing biases as primary features underlying the organization of temporal cortex topography in the adult human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yue
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH/NIH, Building 49, Room 6A68, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sophia Robert
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH/NIH, Building 49, Room 6A68, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Leslie G Ungerleider
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH/NIH, Building 49, Room 6A68, 49 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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