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Yao Y, Luo ZP, Li HW, Wang SX, Wu YC, Hu Y, Hu S, Yang CC, Yang JF, Wang JP, Peng L, Chen F, Pan LX, Xu T. P38γ modulates the lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22716. [PMID: 36527390 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200939rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health problem in Western countries and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Although NAFLD is closely associated with obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The disease begins with excessive accumulation of triglycerides in the liver, which in turn leads to liver cell damage, steatosis, inflammation, and so on. P38γ is one of the four isoforms of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38 MAPKs) that contributes to inflammation in different diseases. In this research, we investigated the role of P38γ in NAFLD. In vivo, a NAFLD model was established by feeding C57BL/6J mice with a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet and adeno-associated virus (AAV9-shRNA-P38γ) was injected into C57BL/6J mice by tail vein for knockdown P38γ. The results indicated that the expression level of P38γ was upregulated in MCD-fed mice. Furthermore, the downregulation of P38γ significantly attenuated liver injury and lipid accumulation in mice. In vitro, mouse hepatocytes AML-12 were treated with free fatty acid (FFA). We found that P38γ was obviously increased in FFA-treated AML-12 cells, whereas knockdown of P38γ significantly suppressed lipid accumulation in FFA-treated AML-12 cells. Furthermore, P38γ regulated the Janus Kinase-Signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. Inhibition of P38γ can inhibit the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting lipid accumulation in FFA-treated AML-12 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that targeting P38γ contributes to the suppression of lipid accumulation in fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Luo
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Wen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yin-Cui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jian-Peng Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Peng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Xin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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2
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Li P, Hu S, Qian C, Yao Y, Li LY, Yang JF, Yang L, Yang CC, Zhou H, Wang SX, Hu Y, Zhu XY, Zhou J, Pan LX, Shen CP, Zhou H. The Therapeutic Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Inflammatory Diseases Caused by Virus, Especially on Those Caused by COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650425. [PMID: 34122073 PMCID: PMC8187915 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are large multimolecular complexes best recognized because of their ability to control activation of caspase-1, which in turn regulates the maturation of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β). IL-1β was originally identified as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, capable of inducing local and systemic inflammation as well as a fever response reaction in response to infection or injury. Excessive production of IL-1β is related to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are characterized by excessive inflammatory response. For SARS, there is no correlation between viral load and worsening symptoms. However, there is no specific medicine which is available to treat the disease. As an important part of medical practice, TCM showed an obvious therapeutic effect in SARS-CoV-infected patients. In this article, we summarize the current applications of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Herein, we also offer an insight into the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of TCM, as well as introduce new naturally occurring compounds with anti-coronavirus activity, in order to provide a new and potential drug development strategy for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical University of Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Center for Scientific Research, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang-Yun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun-Fa Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen-Chen Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Xin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan-Pu Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Hefei, China
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Tao L, He XY, Wang FY, Pan LX, Wang XY, Gan SQ, Di R, Chu MX. Identification of genes associated with litter size combining genomic approaches in Luzhong mutton sheep. Anim Genet 2021; 52:545-549. [PMID: 34002409 DOI: 10.1111/age.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Litter size is one of the most important reproductive traits of sheep, which has pronounced effects on the profit of husbandry enterprises and enthusiasm of breeders. Despite the importance of litter size, the underlying genetic mechanisms have not been entirely elucidated. Therefore, based on a high-density SNP chip, genome-wide comparative analysis was performed between two groups with different fecundity to reveal candidate genes linked to litter size via detection of homozygosity and selection signatures in Luzhong mutton sheep. Consequently, nine promising genes were identified from six runs of homozygosity islands, and functionally linked to reproduction (ACTL7A, ACTL7B, and ELP1), embryonic development (KLF5 and PIBF1), and cell cycle (DACH1, BORA, DIS3, and MZT1). A total of 128 genes were observed under selection, of which HECW1 and HTR1E were related to total lambs born, GABRG3, LRP1B, and MACROD2 to teat number, and AGBL1 to reproductive seasonality. Additionally, the presence of inbreeding depression implies the urgency of reasonable mating system to increase litter size in the present herd. These findings provide a comprehensive insight to the genetic makeup of litter size, and also contribute to implementation of marker-assisted selection in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - X Y He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - F Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L X Pan
- Ji'nan Laiwu Yingtai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd, Ji'nan, Shandong, 271114, China
| | - X Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - S Q Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - R Di
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - M X Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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4
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Tao L, He XY, Pan LX, Wang JW, Gan SQ, Chu MX. Genome-wide association study of body weight and conformation traits in neonatal sheep. Anim Genet 2020; 51:336-340. [PMID: 31960458 DOI: 10.1111/age.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sheep, an important source of meat, dairy products and wool, play an essential part in the global agricultural economy. Body weight and body conformation are key traits in the sheep industry; however, their underlying genetic mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, a GWAS was implemented to identify promising genes possibly linked to birth weight (BW) and body conformation traits in neonatal sheep, using a high-throughput chip (630 K). After quality control, 277 individuals and 518 203 variants were analyzed using gemma software in a mixed linear model. A total of 48 genome-wide suggestive SNPs were obtained, of which four were associated with BW, four with withers height (WH), 11 with body length (BL) and 29 with chest girth (CG). In total, 39 genes associated with BW and body conformation traits were identified by aligning to the sheep genome (Ovis aries_v4.0), and most of them were involved in the cell cycle and body development. Promising candidate genes found included the following: FOS like 2 or AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL2) for BW; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 2 (KCND2) for WH; transmembrane protein 117 (TMEM117), transforming growth factor beta induced (TGFBI), and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) for BL; and trafficking kinesin protein 1 (TRAK1) and LOC101102529 for CG. These results provide cues for similar studies aiming at uncovering the genetic mechanisms underlying body development, and marker-assisted selection programs focusing on BW and body conformation traits in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - X Y He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - L X Pan
- Ji'nan Laiwu Yingtai Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Ji'nan, Shandong, 271114, China
| | - J W Wang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - S Q Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - M X Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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5
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Pan LX, Li LY, Zhou H, Cheng SQ, Liu YM, Lian PP, Li L, Wang LL, Rong SJ, Shen CP, Li J, Xu T. TMEM100 mediates inflammatory cytokines secretion in hepatic stellate cells and its mechanism research. Toxicol Lett 2019; 317:82-91. [PMID: 30639579 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that Transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) is a gene at locus 17q32 encoding a 134-amino acid protein with two hypothetical transmembrane domainsa, and first identified as a transcript from the mouse genome. As a downstream target gene of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) signaling, it was activated to participate in inducing arterial endothelium differentiation, maintaining vascular integrity, promoting cell apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells. However, evidence for the function of TMEM100 in inflammation is still limited. In this study, we explore the role of TMEM100 in inflammatory cytokine secretion and the role of MAPK signaling pathways in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced TMEM100 expression in LX-2 cells. We found that the expression of TMEM100 was decreased markedly in human liver fibrosis tissues, and its expression was also inhibited in LX-2 cells induced by TNF-α, suggesting that it might be associated with the development of inflammation. Therefore, we demonstrated that overexpression of TMEM100 by transfecting pEGFP-C2-TMEM100 could lead to the down-regulation of IL-1β and IL-6 secretion. Moreover, we found that expression changes of TMEM100 could be involved in inhibition or activation of MAPK signaling pathways accompanied with regulating phosphorylation levels of ERK and JNK protein in response to TNF-α. These results suggested that TMEM100 might play an important role in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) of LX-2 cells induced by TNF-α, and MAPK (ERK and JNK) signaling pathways might participate in its induction of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liang-Yun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, West Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Shu-Qi Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Pan-Pan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le-le Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shan-Jie Rong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chuan-Pu Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Abstract
The development of low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Despite its indolent clinical course and prolonged localization to the site of origin, the lymphoma frequently presents with multifocal lesions. However, the true extent of tumour involvement in the gastric mucosa is unclear, since reactive appearing lymphocytic infiltrates are always present and could contain tumour cells that are not readily identifiable on cytological grounds. Gastrectomy specimens of four MALT lymphoma cases were studied by microdissection and clone-specific polymerase chain reaction (CS-PCR) and of a further case with t(1;14)(p22;q32) by immunohistochemistry for BCL10 protein, which acted as a tumour marker for tumour cells carrying the translocation. CS-PCR revealed that tumour cells were commonly present in histologically non-lymphomatous lymphocytic infiltrates microdissected from areas well separated from tumour lesions. Tumour cells were also frequently found in infiltrates microdissected from the resection margins. These findings were reinforced by direct identification of tumour cells, as recognized by strong BCL10 nuclear staining, in non-lymphomatous lymphocytic infiltrates in the case with t(1;14)(p22;q32). The results show that gastric MALT lymphoma disseminates widely within the gastric mucosa without necessarily forming diagnostic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Du
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, UK
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Abstract
AIMS Parvovirus B19 has been demonstrated in testes of patients with germ cell tumours but not in controls, raising the possibility that the virus has an aetiological role in these tumours. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of the virus with germ cell tumours and to localise the virus histologically. METHODS DNA was extracted from paraffin wax embedded sections of testes from 10 seminomas, eight teratomas, two mixed seminoma/teratomas, and 10 testes showing benign histology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of three regions within the NS and VP1/2 genes was carried out in duplicate on all samples. One PCR positive case (seminoma/teratoma) was examined by microdissection of histologically defined tissue components followed by PCR amplification of parvoviral sequences. Samples from PCR positive patients were immunostained using a B19 specific monoclonal antibody. RESULTS Seven cases were PCR positive, these comprised two of 10 seminomas, one of two mixed tumours, none of eight teratomas, and four of 10 benign controls. PCR analysis of the material microdissected from the seminoma/teratoma showed the presence of the virus in regions of seminoma, teratoma, intratubular germ cell neoplasia, normal tubules, and connective tissue. All patient samples studied immunohistochemically were negative. CONCLUSIONS This confirms the presence of parvovirus B19 in a proportion of germ cell tumours; however, in one patient, the virus was widespread in the tissue components and not confined to tumour cells. In addition, the virus was present in control benign testes. These data suggest that B19 might not be of aetiological importance in germ cell tumours of testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Diss
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, UK.
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Barnouin K, Fredersdorf S, Eddaoudi A, Mittnacht S, Pan LX, Du MQ, Lu X. Antiproliferative function of p27kip1 is frequently inhibited in highly malignant Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Oncogene 1999; 18:6388-97. [PMID: 10597239 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lack of detectable expression of p27kip1 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor has previously been correlated with high degree of malignancy in human breast, colorectal, gastric and small cell lung carcinomas. Here we demonstrate that an inverse correlation between p27kip1 expression and tumour malignancy also exists in most types of human B cell lymphomas examined. A clear exception was Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), a highly malignant tumour which often expresses high levels of p27kip1. Analysis of p27kip1 derived from Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines expressing high levels of p27kip1, BL40 and BL41, in a cyclin E/cdk2 kinase inhibition assay demonstrated that p27kip1 is not permanently inactivated since heat treatment can restore the inhibitory activity of p27kip1. However, p27kip1 expressed in these two cell lines is largely sequestered in inactive complexes and we have no evidence that c-myc or Epstein-Barr virus are responsible for the sequestration of p27kip1 in these two cell lines although c-myc and EBV are two oncogenic agents often associated with Burkitt's lymphomas. Interestingly, we observed that high level p27kip1 expression often correlated with cyclin D3 overexpression both in vivo and in BL cell lines. The majority of p27kip1 in BL40 cells was complexed with cyclin D3 indicating that overexpressed cyclin D3 may at least be part of the sequestering activity for the inhibitory function of p27kip1. Furthermore, cyclinD3/cdk4 complex could sequester p27kip1 in a cyclin E/cdk2 kinase assay in vitro. Finally, we show that cyclin D3 transfected into an inducible p27kip1 cell line could overcome the G1 arrest mediated by p27kip1. These results argue that in addition to down-regulation of p27kip1 expression, some tumour cells can sequester and tolerate the antiproliferative function of p27kip1. They also suggest a novel role for the overexpression of D-type cyclins as one pathway allowing tumour cells to overcome the antiproliferative function of p27kip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Barnouin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, UK
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9
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Aiello A, Du MQ, Diss TC, Peng HZ, Pezzella F, Papini D, Giardini R, Pilotti S, Pan LX, Isaacson PG. Simultaneous phenotypically distinct but clonally identical mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and follicular lymphoma in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. Blood 1999; 94:2247-51. [PMID: 10498595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A 44-year-old woman with a 12-year history of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) developed a low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in the parotid gland. Two years later, she presented with generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly and a follicular lymphoma was diagnosed. To investigate the relationship of the two histologically distinct lymphomas, we re-examined their histology and immunophenotype and studied the lymphomatous tissue from the parotid, cervical lymph node, and spleen using molecular genetic methods. Histologic and immunophenotypic studies confirmed the previous diagnoses and also identified a previously unnoticed focus of follicular lymphoma in the second parotid gland biopsy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the rearranged Ig heavy-chain gene showed the same sized dominant product in the MALT lymphoma and the follicular lymphoma. Similarly, PCR analysis of the t(14:18) translocation yielded an identical sized band from both MALT and follicular lymphoma. Cloning and sequencing of the Ig PCR products showed an identical CDR3 sequence from each lesion, indicating a common clonal lineage. The follicular lymphoma of the parotid gland lymph node and the follicular lymphoma of the spleen showed an identical mutation signature to that of the salivary gland MALT lymphoma. We propose that follicular lymphoma in the parotid gland lymph node may have resulted from colonization of lymphoid follicles by MALT lymphoma cells, following which the tumor cells were induced to express a follicular lymphoma phenotype, due to Bcl-2 overexpression caused by t(14;18), leading to a change in clinical behavior resulting in rapid widespread dissemination of disease. These observations suggest that the distinct phenotypes of low-grade B-cell lymphomas may be the consequence of interplay between genetic and local microenvironmental factors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Biopsy
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/complications
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Parotid Neoplasms/complications
- Parotid Neoplasms/genetics
- Parotid Neoplasms/immunology
- Parotid Neoplasms/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Alignment
- Sjogren's Syndrome/complications
- Sjogren's Syndrome/genetics
- Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology
- Sjogren's Syndrome/pathology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aiello
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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10
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Peng HZ, Du MQ, Koulis A, Aiello A, Dogan A, Pan LX, Isaacson PG. Nonimmunoglobulin gene hypermutation in germinal center B cells. Blood 1999; 93:2167-72. [PMID: 10090923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation is the most critical mechanism underlying the diversification of Ig genes. Although mutation occurs specifically in B cells during the germinal center reaction, it remains a matter of debate whether the mutation machinery also targets non-Ig genes. We have studied mutations in the 5' noncoding region of the Bcl6 gene in different subtypes of lymphomas. We found frequent hypermutation in follicular lymphoma (25 of 59 = 42%) (germinal center cell origin) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (19 of 45 = 42%) (postgerminal center), but only occasionally in mantle cell lymphoma (1 of 21 = 4.8%) (pregerminal center). Most mutations were outside the motifs potentially important for transcription, suggesting they were not important in lymphomagenesis but may, like Ig mutation, represent an inherent feature of the lymphoma precursor cells. Therefore, we investigated their normal cell counterparts microdissected from a reactive tonsil. Bcl6 mutation was found in 13 of 24 (54%) clones from the germinal centre but only in 1 of 24 (4%) clones from the naive B cells of the mantle zone. The frequency, distribution, and nature of these mutations were similar to those resulting from the Ig hypermutation process. The results show unequivocal evidence of non-Ig gene hypermutation in germinal center B cells and provide fresh insights into the process of hypermutation and lymphomagenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Mutagenesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Palatine Tonsil/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Peng
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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11
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Bai XZ, Masters JR, O'Donoghue N, Kirby R, Pan LX, Young M, Stafford M, Parkinson MC. Prognostic markers in clinically localised prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 1999; 14:785-91. [PMID: 10087330 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.14.4.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of immunohistochemical staining of P53, BCL-2, p27kip1, PSA, AR and MIB-1 was compared with that of established prognostic variables (Gleason score, surgical margins, tumour volume) following radical prostatectomy. Five groups were selected: negative margins with stable serum PSA (n=11), negative margins with rising serum PSA (n=7), positive margins with stable serum PSA (n=7), positive margins with rising serum PSA (6) and patients with micrometastatic disease diagnosed in lymph nodes removed during radical prostatectomy (n=8). Gleason score and tumour volume were of prognostic significance and immunohistochemical staining for MIB-1 and BCL-2 showed added independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Z Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530027, China
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12
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Dogan A, Du MQ, Aiello A, Diss TC, Ye HT, Pan LX, Isaacson PG. Follicular lymphomas contain a clonally linked but phenotypically distinct neoplastic B-cell population in the interfollicular zone. Blood 1998; 91:4708-14. [PMID: 9616169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicular lymphomas are thought to arise from the follicle center B cells and are characterized by follicular structures that recapitulate many features of normal secondary lymphoid follicles. The neoplastic B cells of follicular lymphoma reside not only in follicles but also in the interfollicular zone in which they form a diffuse infiltrate. We have investigated the frequency, extent, and biological characteristics of this interfollicular component in 30 cases of follicular lymphoma. An interfollicular B-cell infiltrate of variable extent (minimal, moderate, or prominent) was present in all cases. Morphologically interfollicular neoplastic B cells were small centrocyte-like cells with lower grade cytology and lower proliferation fraction compared with the neoplastic follicles. The neoplastic phenotype of these cells (CD20+, light chain restricted) was confirmed in 18 cases. Clonal identity between the follicular and interfollicular components was shown in five cases using microdissection and PCR amplification of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. Analysis of Ig heavy chain gene sequences showed identical variants of tumor subclones in both follicular and interfollicular compartments, indicating active tumor cell traffic between the two. In six cases in which frozen tissue was available, the immunophenotype of follicular and interfollicular tumor cells were compared using immunohistochemistry. Activation markers such as CD10, CD38, and CD95 and T-cell costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, which were expressed by neoplastic follicles, were either downregulated or absent in the interfollicular component in most of the cases. The low-grade cytological features, low proliferation fraction, and downregulation of activation markers in the interfollicular neoplastic B cells suggests that these are resting cells analogous to memory B cells of normal lymphoid tissues. The presence of such a resting tumor cell subpopulation in the majority of follicular lymphomas may partly account for the remarkable resistance to therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dogan
- Department of Histopathology, UCL Medical School, London, UK
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13
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Du MQ, Peng HZ, Dogan A, Diss TC, Liu H, Pan LX, Moseley RP, Briskin MJ, Chan JK, Isaacson PG. Preferential dissemination of B-cell gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma to the splenic marginal zone. Blood 1997; 90:4071-7. [PMID: 9354677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tendency for gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma cells preferentially to localize around reactive B-cell follicles, both in the mucosa and regional lymph nodes, coupled with their immunophenotype, has led to the proposal that the normal cell counterpart of this lymphoma is the marginal zone B cell. In keeping with this proposition, lymphocytes expressing the lymphoma idiotype have been detected in the splenic marginal zone in a single case of gastric MALT lymphoma. To confirm that this truly represented preferential homing of MALT lymphoma to the splenic marginal zone, we have now re-examined this case, together with 17 other cases, using both immunohistochemical and molecular methods in an attempt to establish clonal identity between the gastric lymphoma and cells in the splenic marginal zone. In three cases, the spleen was characterized by marked expansion of marginal zones by cells showing the same pattern of Ig light chain restriction as the gastric lymphoma. None of the remaining 15 cases showed histologic evidence of lymphomatous infiltration. Analysis of the Ig genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, and sequencing confirmed clonal identity between the splenic marginal zone infiltrates and the gastric lymphoma in the histologically involved cases. Amplifiable DNA could be extracted from only 5 of the remaining 15 cases. In 3 of these cases, including the case previously studied using an anti-idiotype, involvement of the splenic marginal zone could be confirmed using microdissection and clone-specific PCR. No involvement could be detected in the remaining 2 cases. In addition, we have shown that mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), the primary homing receptor of gut-mucosa for lymphocytes, was strongly expressed by the sinus lining cells of the splenic marginal zone. These results provide strong evidence for preferential involvement of the marginal zone when gastric MALT lymphomas disseminate to the spleen, which is in keeping with the notion that the marginal zone B cells are the normal counterparts of MALT lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Du
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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14
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Abstract
Mantle cell lymphomas (MCL) frequently show a vaguely follicular growth pattern. This phenomenon is thought to result from the colonization of reactive B-cell follicles by tumour cells. In view of the unique property of the germinal centre environment, antigen stimulation may play a role in the expansion of the tumour. To assess this, we have examined ongoing Ig mutations, which are genetic markers of B cells in persistent response to antigen stimulation, in five MCLs including two cases derived from the gastrointestinal tract known as lymphomatous polyposis (LP). We have specifically analysed Ig ongoing mutations in tumour cells from multiple lesions in one case and in tumour cells microdissected from colonized follicles in two cases. The consensus Ig VB sequences in four MCLs were identical, or almost identical (three cases 100%, one case 99% homology), to the published germlines, which in each case were those frequently employed by autoantibodies. The consensus Ig VH sequence in the remaining case displayed 95.5% homology to the closest published germline. This may represent derivation from an unknown VH germline or a rare instance of somatic mutations. Extensive sequencing of the rearranged Ig genes revealed ongoing mutations within the tumour clone in two cases: one was a LP with multiple lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and the other was a nodal MCL in which tumour cells from colonized follicles were analysed. Our results indicate that MCLs are derived from pre-germinal centre B cells, possibly autoreactive B-cell clones. The ongoing mutations identified suggest a possible involvement of antigen stimulation in the clonal expansion of a proportion of MCLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Du
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School
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15
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Du MQ, Xu CF, Diss TC, Peng HZ, Wotherspoon AC, Isaacson PG, Pan LX. Intestinal dissemination of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Blood 1996; 88:4445-51. [PMID: 8977236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing identification of concurrent gastric and intestinal lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), the clonal relationship between the two tumors and their sequential development are poorly understood. It is also unknown whether the development of these concurrent tumors is closely associated with direct antigen stimulation, which is thought to play an important role in the clonal expansion of low-grade MALT lymphomas. To investigate these, we have studied six cases of concurrent gastric and intestinal MALT lymphomas by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the rearranged Ig gene, a strategy that has been widely used for analysis of clonality and antigen-driven properties of B-cell malignancies. In each case, an identical or nearly identical complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 sequence was observed between the dominant clones of concurrent gastric and intestinal MALT lymphomas. In four of six cases examined, sufficient Ig variable region sequence information was obtained to permit analysis of somatic mutations. The mutation patterns in one case suggest that the intestinal lesion is secondary to the gastric tumor, and the mutation patterns in two cases indicate that the gastric and intestinal lesions are derived from different tumour subclones, which emerge after expansion of a common early tumor clone. Furthermore, three of four cases showed ongoing Ig mutations among different PCR clones at each site. These results show that concurrent gastric and intestinal MALT lymphomas are derived from the same clone and suggest that the intestinal lesions result from dissemination of gastric tumours. Antigen stimulation may play a role in tumor evolution, particularly at an early stage.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigen Presentation
- Base Sequence
- Clone Cells/pathology
- DNA, Neoplasm/immunology
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/pathology
- Gene Amplification
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain/physiology
- Genes, Immunoglobulin/genetics
- Humans
- Intestinal Neoplasms/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Stomach Neoplasms/genetics
- Stomach Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Du
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, UK
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16
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Nicholson AG, Wotherspoon AC, Diss TC, Singh N, Butcher DN, Pan LX, Isaacson PG, Corrin B. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: evidence that some cases represent Epstein-Barr virus-associated B-cell lymphoma. Histopathology 1996; 29:317-24. [PMID: 8910039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1996.tb01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is currently classified as part of a spectrum of angiocentric immunoproliferative lesions. These were initially thought to be of T-cell phenotype, but recent papers have shown that some cases are B-cell proliferations, sometimes associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. We reviewed the clinicopathological features of 16 patients with pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis, using immunohistochemistry to assess the phenotype of the infiltrate, the polymerase chain reaction to look for immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor gene rearrangements, and in-situ-hybridization to look for Epstein-Barr virus infection. In seven of seven cases the atypical lymphoid population was of B-cell phenotype, with four cases showing evidence of either monoclonality or oligoclonality. All seven cases, including those that lacked unequivocal proof of malignancy, behaved aggressively. Epstein-Barr virus RNA was detected in four cases. We conclude that some cases of lymphomatoid granulomatosis are B-cell lymphomas, sometimes associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Nicholson
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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17
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the occurrence of abnormal patterns of HLA-ABC and HLA-DR expression in enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma and to relate such abnormalities to the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) status of the tumours. METHODS Eleven enteropathy associated T cell lymphomas were immunostained with HC10 (HLA-ABC heavy chain) and TAL 1B5 (HLA-DR alpha chain) monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal anti-beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m, the HLA-ABC light chain) antibodies. In situ hybridisation for EBV using EBER probes was performed on all cases. RESULTS Tumour cells of two of 11 patients were EBER positive. One of these showed partial, and the other, complete loss of beta 2m. HLA-DR expression was undetectable in both patients. Of the remaining nine EBER negative tumours, two were HLA-ABC heavy chain negative or showed only occasional positive cells and five of nine showed partial or complete loss of the HLA-ABC light chain, beta 2m. Seven of the nine cases were either negative for HLA-DR or showed weak expression in a proportion of tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS These data show that low or absent HLA-ABC and HLA-DR antigen expression occurs commonly in enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma. These abnormal patterns of HLA expression may be associated with escape from immune attack which, in a minority of patients, could be directed against EBV antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashton-Key
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, London
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18
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Pan LX, Diss TC, Peng HZ, Norton AJ, Isaacson PG. Nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease: a monoclonal or polyclonal B-cell disorder? Blood 1996; 87:2428-34. [PMID: 8630407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease (NLPHD) is characterized by the presence of atypical putatively neoplastic cells (L & H cells) with a B-cell phenotype. A proportion of patients with NLPHD develop a simultaneous or subsequent large cell B lymphoma (LCL) that is thought to evolve directly from the L & H cells of NLPHD. However, the clonal nature of L & H cells remains controversial, and the relationship between NLPHD and complicating LCL has not been fully established. In an attempt to determine the clonality of L & H cells and to clarify the link between NLPHD and complicating LCL, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze 33 cases of NLPHD, including 15 cases with simultaneous or subsequent LCL, for clonal immunoglobulin (lg) heavy chain variable region (VH) gene rearrangements. PCR amplifications with consensus primers covering framework 2 or framework 3 to joining region were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections and, in 12 cases, on microdissection-enriched L & H cells. No clonal Ig rearrangements were detected. In eight of the 15 LCL, monoclonal IgVH regions were amplified, four of which were cloned and sequenced. Clone specific primers were designed based on the unique N region sequences. These allowed detection of LCL clones at a sensitivity up to 1,000 times greater than the consensus primers, as determined by dilution assays. However, no LCL clones were detected in the preceding NLPHD, including microdissection-enriched L & H cells. Our results suggest that populations of L & H cells do not carry monoclonal Ig rearrangements and provide no evidence for a clonal link between NLPHD and complicating LCL.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Base Sequence
- Cell Lineage
- Clone Cells/pathology
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Hodgkin Disease/classification
- Hodgkin Disease/genetics
- Hodgkin Disease/pathology
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Retrospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Pan
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, London, UK
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19
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Diss TC, Watts M, Pan LX, Burke M, Linch D, Isaacson PG. The polymerase chain reaction in the demonstration of monoclonality in T cell lymphomas. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48:1045-50. [PMID: 8543629 PMCID: PMC503012 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.48.11.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of T cell receptor (TCR) beta and gamma chain genes as a means of demonstrating monoclonality in T cell lymphomas using histological samples; to compare the performance of PCR with Southern blot analysis. METHODS TCR-beta, TCR-gamma and immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) genes were analysed using PCR in 55 cases of T cell lymphoma (28 frozen tissue and 27 paraffin wax embedded samples), diagnosed using morphological and immunohistochemical criteria. The 28 frozen samples were subjected to Southern blot analysis using TCR-beta, TCR-gamma and IGH gene probes. Twenty five B cell lymphomas and 21 non-neoplastic lymphoid tissue samples were used as controls. RESULTS Using TCR-beta PCR, monoclonality was detected in 24 (44%) of 55 T cell lymphomas compared with 43 (78%) of 55 using TCR-gamma PCR and in 82% with both techniques. Five (9%) of 55 T cell lymphomas were IGH PCR positive. None of the non-neoplastic lymphoid control samples were PCR positive. All B cell lymphomas showed a polyclonal pattern with TCR-beta PCR while a single B cell lymphoma was positive using TCR-gamma primers. With TCR-beta PCR, a monoclonal result was seen in 12 (43%) of 28 frozen samples of T cell lymphoma, compared with 23 (82%) of 28 using Southern blot analysis. With TCR-gamma PCR, 19 (68%) of 28 frozen tissue samples were positive, compared with 26 (93%) of 28 using Southern blot analysis. A single case showed IGH rearrangement by Southern blot analysis. CONCLUSION TCR-gamma PCR should be the method of choice for analysis of clonality in paraffin wax embedded sections of lymphoproliferative lesions, as TCR-beta PCR has a high false negative rate. Southern blot analysis remains the most successful technique when sufficient fresh tissue samples and resources are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Diss
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School
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20
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Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized, among others, by the molecular events which selectively activate the expression of genes for contractile proteins within individual myocardial cells. As such, myosin light chain 2 (MLC-2), which is upregulated in the hypertrophic state in both rat and human, serves as a marker for hypertrophy. In an attempt to investigate the gene regulatory mechanisms of this phenomenon, we tested the hypothesis that certain transcription factors are directly involved in the development of cardiac hypertrophy by demonstrating the presence of cardiac tissue-specific regulatory elements in the 5'-flanking region of the MLC-2 promoter and testing them in the gel mobility shift assay for their binding activity to nuclear proteins from hypertrophied and normal cardiac tissue. In nuclear extracts from the ventricular tissues of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), distinctive changes in two families of activator proteins, the A/T-rich DNA-binding transcription factors, myocyte enhancer factor (MEF-2) and CArG-binding factor, manifested in a developmentally dictated manner paralleling the evolution of cardiac hypertrophy in these animals. Extracts isolated from brains and skeletal muscle tissues from the same animals did not exhibit the changes in binding activity. Also, the changes were not apparent when a distal negative regulatory element (CSS), which confers cardiac-specific expression, was tested in gel mobility shift assays. The ubiquitous TATA-binding proteins remained unchanged in comparing SHR with the control strain WKY in the same assay. These data support the notion that the expression of specific transcription factors is modulated in response to hypertrophy related signals which execute changes at the gene level effecting the enrichment of certain contractile proteins in an effort discrete and estranged from the basal transcription machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Doud
- Center for Cardiovascular and Muscle Research, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11203, USA
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21
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22
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Pan LX, Ramani P, Diss TC, Liang LN, Isaacson PG. Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorder with fatal involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in an infant. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48:390-2. [PMID: 7615866 PMCID: PMC502565 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.48.4.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A case of fatal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated lymphoproliferative disorder is reported in an 11 month old female. Heavy infiltrates of CD20 + and EBV EBER mRNA expressing lymphoid blasts were found to cause a series of ulcers along the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract and there was an ileal perforation. Similar infiltrates were also found in lymph nodes, spleen, and liver. Although blood phenotypic analysis performed shortly before her death revealed a severe decrease in T lymphocytes, neither the patient nor other members of her family had a history of primary or secondary immunodeficiency. EBV infection is common in children. However, such a fatal infection of the virus has not apparently been described previously in infants without pre-established immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Pan
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School
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23
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Abstract
Thanks to the advent of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular genetic study of histological samples is now a relatively straightforward task and the vast histopathology archives are now open to molecular analysis. In this review we outline technical aspects of PCR analysis of histological material and evaluate its application to the diagnosis and study of genetic, infectious and neoplastic disease. In addition, we describe a number of newly developed methods for the correlation of PCR analysis with histology, which will aid the understanding of the molecular basis of pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Pan
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, UK
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24
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Peng HZ, Isaacson PG, Diss TC, Pan LX. Multiple PCR analyses on trace amounts of DNA extracted from fresh and paraffin wax embedded tissues after random hexamer primer PCR amplification. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47:605-8. [PMID: 8089215 PMCID: PMC502077 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.47.7.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To establish a simple and reliable polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology for random amplification of whole genomic DNA from limited histopathological samples. METHODS Trace amounts of genomic DNA extracted from fresh tissue and individual lymphoid follicles microdissected from archival paraffin wax tissue sections were amplified using a two-phase PCR protocol with random hexamers as primers (RP-PCR). The randomly amplified DNA samples were used as templates for specific PCR amplifications. To check the fidelity of the RP-PCR, products of the specific PCR amplifications were further analysed by single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) or sequencing. RESULTS Using a minute fraction of RP-PCR template pool, multiple PCR analyses, including those for beta globin gene, p53 gene (exon 5-6, exon 7, exon 8-9 and exon 7-9), and rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain gene fragments (VH framework 3 to JH and VH framework 2 to JH) were successfully performed. No artefactual mutations were identified in the products of these specific PCR reactions by SSCP or sequencing when compared with the products from the original DNA. CONCLUSION This method is simple and reliable, and permits multiple genetic analyses when only a limited amount of tissue is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Peng
- Department of Histopathology, University College, London Medical School
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25
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Pan LX, Diss TC, Peng HZ, Isaacson PG. Clonality analysis of defined B-cell populations in archival tissue sections using microdissection and the polymerase chain reaction. Histopathology 1994; 24:323-7. [PMID: 8045521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1994.tb00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple microdissection technique involving the use of a drawn-out glass pipette was developed for isolation of defined cell subsets from tissue sections. Using this technique and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), clonally rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain genes were reliably amplified in single neoplastic follicles or few hundreds of tumour cells isolated from archival haematoxylin and eosin or immunostained sections of B-cell lymphomas. A polyclonal nature was consistently demonstrated in reactive lymphoid follicles or interfollicular reactive B-cells within the same lymphoma sections. Microdissection of lymphoma cells from within foci of chronic inflammation improved the resolution of tumour-specific PCR products by reducing amplification of background polyclonal B-cell sequences. The combination of microdissection and PCR techniques, therefore, provides an important tool for the investigation of B-cell lymphomas and also allows simple and specific access for other molecular genetic analyses of different cell subsets on tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Pan
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, UK
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26
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Wotherspoon AC, Diss TC, Pan LX, Schmid C, Kerr-Muir MG, Lea SH, Isaacson PG. Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the conjunctiva: a mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type lymphoma. Histopathology 1993; 23:417-24. [PMID: 8314214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb00489.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the clinical presentation, morphology, immunophenotypic features and molecular biology of seven cases of conjunctival lymphoid infiltration. In five cases there was either immunophenotypic or molecular evidence of B-cell lymphoma. Each of these cases showed the morphological, immunophenotypic and molecular feature of low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type. The findings suggest that most conjunctival lymphomas are of this type and explains their uniformly favourable prognosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Conjunctival Neoplasms/genetics
- Conjunctival Neoplasms/immunology
- Conjunctival Neoplasms/pathology
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/immunology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Wotherspoon
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, UK
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27
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Abstract
The recently described B-cell lymphomas arising in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) form a distinct clinico-pathologic group of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and therefore would be expected to be characterized by a recurrent chromosomal aberration. We have analyzed the cytogenetics of 23 cases of MALT lymphomas arising in the stomach, small intestine, lung, and lacrimal gland. In each case the presence of an abnormal clonal cell population was confirmed by the identification of rearranged bands when digested tumor DNA was hybridized with a probe to the joining region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Metaphase spreads were obtained in 14 cases, of which 9 cases showed an abnormal karyotype. Although no unifying aberration was detected, rearrangements of chromosome 1p, and numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 3 and 7, may play a role in the genesis of these tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
- Gastric Mucosa/pathology
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Joining Region/genetics
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Mucous Membrane/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Wotherspoon
- Department of Histopathology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, U.K
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28
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Abstract
The formation of neoplastic B-cell follicles is universally accepted as diagnostic of a follicle centre cell (FCC) lymphoma. Low-grade B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) are characterized by a diffuse infiltrate of cells of uncertain lineage known as "centrocyte-like" cells because of their resemblance to centrocytes (small cleaved cells). Some MALT lymphomas, however, contain numerous follicles and may even have a predominantly follicular appearance. These follicles may be reactive or show immunoglobulin (Ig) light-chain restriction, indicating their neoplastic nature. We have proposed that these neoplastic follicles are not composed of follicle centre cells but result from colonization of reactive follicles by CCL cells. In this study, the immunophenotype and genotype of 10 primary gastrointestinal lymphomas with a follicular component have been determined. One case exhibited the morphological, immunophenotypic, and genotypic features of FCC lymphoma (Ig light-chain restriction, CD10+, KB61 (CDw32)-, Jh, and bcl-2 gene rearrangement). Neoplastic follicles in the remaining nine cases, which showed the features of MALT lymphoma, were of a different phenotype (Ig light-chain restriction, CD10- KB61(CDw32)+), and these lymphomas showed Jh but not bcl-2 gene rearrangement. Taken in conjunction with the morphological features, these findings suggest that in these cases the neoplastic follicles formed as the result of colonization of previously reactive follicles by neoplastic CCL cells. Thus, not all lymphomas containing neoplastic follicles are of FCC origin. Follicular colonization, as seen in low-grade MALT lymphomas, is likely to be a recapitulation of an as yet undescribed normal immunological phenomenon that may involve marginal zone B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Isaacson
- Department of Histopathology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, England
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29
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30
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Abstract
Cellular H- and M-type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes were determined immunohistochemically in a wide range of normal, inflammatory, benign neoplastic, and malignant tissues to assess the possible value of the isoenzymes in tumour diagnosis. Both types of LDH were detected almost ubiquitously in normal tissues. Increased staining intensity of LDH, especially M-type LDH, was demonstrated in most types of malignant tumours studied. Similar increased staining intensity of the isoenzymes was also noted to parallel the proliferative activity of the cells in non-neoplastic diseases and benign neoplasms. The results suggest that changes of cellular H- and M-type LDH isoenzymes are not specific for any type of malignant tumours. The increase in cellular H- and M-type LDH isoenzymes appears to be related to proliferation of cells in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Pan
- Department of Histopathology University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, U.K
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31
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Wotherspoon AC, Pan LX, Diss TC, Isaacson PG. A genotypic study of low grade B-cell lymphomas, including lymphomas of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). J Pathol 1990; 162:135-40. [PMID: 2250191 DOI: 10.1002/path.1711620206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Genotypic analysis has led to the implication of certain oncogenes in the pathogenesis of specific groups of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Rearrangements of c-myc are associated with Burkitt's lymphoma and of bcl-2 with centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. Rearrangement of bcl-1 has yet to be associated with a specific group of lymphoma. In this study DNA from 62 cases of low grade B-cell lymphoma, classified using the Kiel classification, were analysed by Southern blotting and hybridization with probes to bcl-1, bcl-2, and c-myc. Rearrangements of bcl-2 were found in a proportion of centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma comparable to other published studies. Rearrangement of c-myc was not found in any case studied. Bcl-1 rearrangement was found in 2/9 cases of B-CLL, and 3/6 cases of centrocytic lymphoma. This incidence of bcl-1 rearrangement in centrocytic lymphoma suggests that it is a characteristic change. No rearrangement of bcl-1, bcl-2 or c-myc was found in any case of lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), providing further evidence that, in spite of having a similar morphology to some other groups of low grade B-cell lymphoma, lymphomas of MALT comprise a distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Wotherspoon
- Department of Histopathology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, London, U.K
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32
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Pan LX, Beverley PC, Bobrow LG, Swallow DM, Isaacson PG. Production of monoclonal antibodies to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes for immunohistochemical study on fixed tissue section. Histochem J 1989; 21:638-44. [PMID: 2684925 DOI: 10.1007/bf01002483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme 1 (H or B subunits) and isoenzyme 5 (M or A subunits) were used to prepare monoclonal antibodies (MAb) suitable for immunohistochemical detection on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. In the initial fusions, screening of the antibodies was based on enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against the immunogens. None of the antibodies obtained was satisfactory. There were various problems related to specificity, crossreactivity, affinity and also the properties of the monoclonal antibody itself. Using a combined system involving more than one method for screening, two suitable monoclonal antibodies, MAb65 (to H-type LDH) and MAb25 (to M-type LDH) were selected. Both antibodies reacted specifically with corresponding LDH isoenzymes as shown in a series of tests. Their reactivity in sections of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue indicated that both antibodies are suitable reagents for immunohistochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Pan
- Department of Histopathology, University College and Middlesex Medical School, London
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33
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Salvin SB, Horecker BL, Pan LX, Rabin BS. The effect of dietary zinc and prothymosin alpha on cellular immune responses of RF/J mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1987; 43:281-8. [PMID: 3555899 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(87)90137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice of the RF/J strain on a normal diet are defective in some aspects of cellular immunity, as evidenced by their susceptibility to infection with Candida albicans, their failure to release detectable quantities of circulating migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in vivo, and the presence of a low rate of phagocytosis and killing by peritoneal macrophages. When the mice were fed a high-zinc diet (300 ppm) for 4 weeks and then treated daily with 160 ng prothymosin alpha, an increase occurred in resistance to infection with C. albicans, in the capacity to release MIF in vivo into the circulation and in the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to engulf (phagocytose) and kill cells of C. krusei. In addition, the number of spleen lymphocytes producing antibody to a T-dependent antigen was significantly increased in the mice fed a high-zinc diet and inoculated daily with prothymosin alpha.
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34
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Pan LX, Haritos AA, Wideman J, Komiyama T, Chang M, Stein S, Salvin SB, Horecker BL. Human prothymosin alpha: amino acid sequence and immunologic properties. Arch Biochem Biophys 1986; 250:197-201. [PMID: 3532956 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(86)90717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha has been purified from human thymus and its amino acid sequence determined, except for a 15 amino acid segment including 10 glutamyl residues near the middle of the molecule. Like prothymosin alpha from rat thymus [A. A. Haritos, R. Blacher, S. Stein, J. Caldarella, and B. L. Horecker (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 343-346], human prothymosin contains the thymosin alpha 1 sequence at its NH2-terminus. It contains a total of 109-110 residues compared to 111-112 for rat prothymosin alpha, with deletions corresponding to positions Gln39 and Lys108 of the rat polypeptide. Human prothymosin alpha also differs from rat prothymosin alpha at positions corresponding to residues 87, 92, and 102 of the latter, with substitutions of alanine for proline, alanine for valine, and aspartic acid for glutamic acid, respectively. Human prothymosin is significantly less active than rat prothymosin in protecting mice against infection with Candida albicans and in stimulating release in vivo of migration inhibitory factor. Thus, the differences in amino acid sequences, present mainly the COOH-terminal half of the polypeptides, may determine species specificity in biological properties.
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35
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Komiyama T, Pan LX, Haritos AA, Wideman JW, Pan YC, Chang M, Rogers I, Horecker BL. The primary structure of rat parathymosin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1986; 83:1242-5. [PMID: 3456585 PMCID: PMC323051 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.5.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parathymosin has been isolated from rat thymus and from rat liver. Its primary structure is reported as follows: (Sequence; see text). The blocking group at the NH2 terminus was identified by mass spectrometry as acetyl. Regions homologous to amino acid sequences in prothymosin alpha were found to be located between residues 14-20, 23-25, 33-39, 41-43, and 83-87 of parathymosin.
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36
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Pan LX. [Recovery of paragonimiasis in an endemic area in Meixian District, Guangdong Province]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 1986; 7:42-4. [PMID: 3719691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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37
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Lu HM, Chen C, Sze PC, Ming TH, Chiang KL, Ting CR, Pan LX, Liu TY, Yiu C. The significance of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes in the diagnosis of liver carcinoma. Int J Cancer 1980; 26:31-5. [PMID: 6263804 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910260106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The results of determination of the serum 5'-NPDase isozymes in 95 cases of primary liver carcinoma and other kinds of disease are presented. The 5'-NPDase-V was positive in 83.2% of primary liver cancer cases. This test might be a useful supplement to AFP determination, especially in AFP-negative liver cancer patients. In most patients who had undergone successful liver resection for primary carcinoma, the test became negative. A positive 5'NPDase-V test in patients with cancer elsewhere in the body may suggest liver metastasis. In addition, this test may be of some help in the differentiation of primary liver cancer from other kinds of liver disease. The problem of "false-positive" results of this test is discussed.
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