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Dai Y, Zhang M, Liu X, Sun T, Qi W, Ding W, Chen Z, Zhang P, Liu R, Chen H, Chen S, Wang Y, Yue Y, Song N, Wang W, Jia H, Ma Z, Li C, Chen Q, Li B. Salmonella manipulates macrophage migration via SteC-mediated myosin light chain activation to penetrate the gut-vascular barrier. EMBO J 2024; 43:1499-1518. [PMID: 38528181 PMCID: PMC11021425 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal pathogen Salmonella enterica rapidly enters the bloodstream after the invasion of intestinal epithelial cells, but how Salmonella breaks through the gut-vascular barrier is largely unknown. Here, we report that Salmonella enters the bloodstream through intestinal CX3CR1+ macrophages during early infection. Mechanistically, Salmonella induces the migration/invasion properties of macrophages in a manner dependent on host cell actin and on the pathogen effector SteC. SteC recruits host myosin light chain protein Myl12a and phosphorylates its Ser19 and Thr20 residues. Myl12a phosphorylation results in actin rearrangement, and enhanced migration and invasion of macrophages. SteC is able to utilize a wide range of NTPs other than ATP to phosphorylate Myl12a. We further solved the crystal structure of SteC, which suggests an atypical dimerization-mediated catalytic mechanism. Finally, in vivo data show that SteC-mediated cytoskeleton manipulation is crucial for Salmonella breaching the gut vascular barrier and spreading to target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenqi Qi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirui Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuzhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Nannan Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Haihong Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongrui Ma
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
| | - Bingqing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China.
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
- Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Jinan, 250117, China.
- Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250117, China.
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Lee E, May H, Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Nguyen N, Hill JA, Gillette TG, Szczesna-Cordary D, Chang AN. The MYPT2-regulated striated muscle-specific myosin light chain phosphatase limits cardiac myosin phosphorylation in vivo. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105652. [PMID: 38224947 PMCID: PMC10851227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The physiological importance of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation by its dedicated cardiac myosin light chain kinase has been established in both humans and mice. Constitutive RLC-phosphorylation, regulated by the balanced activities of cardiac myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), is fundamental to the biochemical and physiological properties of myofilaments. However, limited information is available on cardiac MLCP. In this study, we hypothesized that the striated muscle-specific MLCP regulatory subunit, MYPT2, targets the phosphatase catalytic subunit to cardiac myosin, contributing to the maintenance of cardiac function in vivo through the regulation of RLC-phosphorylation. To test this hypothesis, we generated a floxed-PPP1R12B mouse model crossed with a cardiac-specific Mer-Cre-Mer to conditionally ablate MYPT2 in adult cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence microscopy using the gene-ablated tissue as a control confirmed the localization of MYPT2 to regions where it overlaps with a subset of RLC. Biochemical analysis revealed an increase in RLC-phosphorylation in vivo. The loss of MYPT2 demonstrated significant protection against pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, as evidenced by heart weight, qPCR of hypertrophy-associated genes, measurements of myocyte diameters, and expression of β-MHC protein. Furthermore, mantATP chase assays revealed an increased ratio of myosin heads distributed to the interfilament space in MYPT2-ablated heart muscle fibers, confirming that RLC-phosphorylation regulated by MLCP, enhances cardiac performance in vivo. Our findings establish MYPT2 as the regulatory subunit of cardiac MLCP, distinct from the ubiquitously expressed canonical smooth muscle MLCP. Targeting MYPT2 to increase cardiac RLC-phosphorylation in vivo may improve baseline cardiac performance, thereby attenuating pathological hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Herman May
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Audrey N Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Okamoto R, Ye Z, Dohi K. Letter by Okamoto et al Regarding Article, "Restoration of Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase Ameliorates Systolic Dysfunction by Reducing Superrelaxed Myosin". Circulation 2023; 148:2073. [PMID: 38109342 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.066090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Okamoto
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan (R.O., Z.Y., K.D.)
- Regional Medical Support Center (R.O.), Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Clinical Training and Career Support Center (R.O.), Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Japan
| | - Zhe Ye
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan (R.O., Z.Y., K.D.)
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan (R.O., Z.Y., K.D.)
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Deng S, Cheng D, Wang J, Gu J, Xue Y, Jiang Z, Qin L, Mao F, Cao Y, Cai K. MYL9 expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts regulate the immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer and promotes tumor progression in an autocrine manner. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:294. [PMID: 37926835 PMCID: PMC10626665 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02863-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an important factor that regulates the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main mesenchymal cells in the TME and play a vital role in tumor progression; however, the specific underlying mechanisms require further study. METHODS Multiple single-cell and transcriptome data were analyzed and validated. Primary CAFs isolation, CCK8 assay, co-culture assay, western blotting, multiple immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, ELISA, immunoprecipitation, ChIP, double luciferase, and animal experiments were used to explore the potential mechanism of MYL9 regulation in CRC. RESULTS Our findings revealed that MYL9 was predominantly localized and expressed in CAFs rather than in CRC cells, and bioinformatics analysis revealed that high MYL9 expression was strongly associated with poor overall and disease-free survival in various tumors. In addition, high MYL9 expression is closely associated with M2 macrophage infiltration, which can lead to an immunosuppressive microenvironment in CRC, making it insensitive to immunotherapy. Mechanically, MYL9 can regulate the secretion of CAFs on CCL2 and TGF-β1, thus affecting the immune microenvironment and progression of CRC. In addition, MYL9 bounded with IQGAP1 to regulate CCL2 and TGF-β1 secretion through the ERK 1/2 pathway, and CCL2 and TGF-β1 synergistically promoted CRC cells progression through the PI3K-AKT pathway. Furthermore, MYL9 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in CRC. During the upstream regulation of MYL9 in CAFs, we found that the EMT transcription factor ZEB1 could bind to the MYL9 promoter in CAFs, enhancing the activity and function of MYL9. Therefore, MYL9 is predominantly expressed in CAFs and can indirectly influence tumor biology and EMT by affecting CAFs protein expression in CRC. CONCLUSIONS MYL9 regulates the secretion of cytokines and chemokines in CAFs, which can affect the immune microenvironment of CRC and promote CRC progression. The relationship between MYL9 expression and CRC clinical staging and immunotherapy is closer in CAFs than in tumor cells; therefore, studies using CAFs as a model deserve more attention when exploring tumor molecular targets in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Deng
- Center for Liver Transplantation, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Denglong Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junnan Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yifan Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhenxing Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fuwei Mao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yinghao Cao
- Department of Digestive Surgical Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Kailin Cai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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5
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Wen B, Luo L, Zeng Z, Luo X. MYL9 promotes squamous cervical cancer migration and invasion by enhancing aerobic glycolysis. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231208582. [PMID: 37950670 PMCID: PMC10640809 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231208582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the mechanism of squamous cervical cancer (SCC) progression. METHODS Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to evaluate the expression of myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) in SCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, Transwell and Boyden assays were used to assess the function of MYL9 in SCC progression. In addition, the levels of lactate and aerobic glycolysis were used to explore the detailed mechanism of MYL9 in SCC. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of MYL9 were elevated in SCC tissues, and MYL9 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of SCC cell lines. A mechanistic study demonstrated that MYL9 promotes SCC migration and invasion by enhancing aerobic glycolysis and increasing the activity of the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. CONCLUSIONS MYL9 was upregulated in SCC, and it enhanced JAK2/STAT3 pathway activity and promoted metastasis and glycolysis in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- The First Clinical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Limei Luo
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Luo
- The First Clinical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Hitsumoto T, Tsukamoto O, Matsuoka K, Li J, Liu L, Kuramoto Y, Higo S, Ogawa S, Fujino N, Yoshida S, Kioka H, Kato H, Hakui H, Saito Y, Okamoto C, Inoue H, Hyejin J, Ueda K, Segawa T, Nishimura S, Asano Y, Asanuma H, Tani A, Imamura R, Komagawa S, Kanai T, Takamura M, Sakata Y, Kitakaze M, Haruta JI, Takashima S. Restoration of Cardiac Myosin Light Chain Kinase Ameliorates Systolic Dysfunction by Reducing Superrelaxed Myosin. Circulation 2023; 147:1902-1918. [PMID: 37128901 PMCID: PMC10270284 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac-specific myosin light chain kinase (cMLCK), encoded by MYLK3, regulates cardiac contractility through phosphorylation of ventricular myosin regulatory light chain. However, the pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of cMLCK in human heart failure remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether cMLCK dysregulation causes cardiac dysfunction and whether the restoration of cMLCK could be a novel myotropic therapy for systolic heart failure. METHODS We generated the knock-in mice (Mylk3+/fs and Mylk3fs/fs) with a familial dilated cardiomyopathy-associated MYLK3 frameshift mutation (MYLK3+/fs) that had been identified previously by us (c.1951-1G>T; p.P639Vfs*15) and the human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes from the carrier of the mutation. We also developed a new small-molecule activator of cMLCK (LEUO-1154). RESULTS Both mice (Mylk3+/fs and Mylk3fs/fs) showed reduced cMLCK expression due to nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay, reduced MLC2v (ventricular myosin regulatory light chain) phosphorylation in the myocardium, and systolic dysfunction in a cMLCK dose-dependent manner. Consistent with this result, myocardium from the mutant mice showed an increased ratio of cardiac superrelaxation/disordered relaxation states that may contribute to impaired cardiac contractility. The phenotypes observed in the knock-in mice were rescued by cMLCK replenishment through the AAV9_MYLK3 vector. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with MYLK3+/fs mutation reduced cMLCK expression by 50% and contractile dysfunction, accompanied by an increased superrelaxation/disordered relaxation ratio. CRISPR-mediated gene correction, or cMLCK replenishment by AAV9_MYLK3 vector, successfully recovered cMLCK expression, the superrelaxation/disordered relaxation ratio, and contractile dysfunction. LEUO-1154 increased human cMLCK activity ≈2-fold in the Vmax for ventricular myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation without affecting the Km. LEUO-1154 treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes with MYLK3+/fs mutation restored the ventricular myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation level and superrelaxation/disordered relaxation ratio and improved cardiac contractility without affecting calcium transients, indicating that the cMLCK activator acts as a myotrope. Finally, human myocardium from advanced heart failure with a wide variety of causes had a significantly lower MYLK3/PPP1R12B messenger RNA expression ratio than control hearts, suggesting an altered balance between myosin regulatory light chain kinase and phosphatase in the failing myocardium, irrespective of the causes. CONCLUSIONS cMLCK dysregulation contributes to the development of cardiac systolic dysfunction in humans. Our strategy to restore cMLCK activity could form the basis of a novel myotropic therapy for advanced systolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Hitsumoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Osamu Tsukamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Ken Matsuoka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.L., L.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (J.L., L.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Kuramoto
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shou Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Fujino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University. Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan (N.F., S.Y., M.T.)
| | - Shohei Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University. Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan (N.F., S.Y., M.T.)
| | - Hidetaka Kioka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Hideyuki Hakui
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Chisato Okamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Hijiri Inoue
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Jo Hyejin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Kyoko Ueda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Takatsugu Segawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
| | - Shunsuke Nishimura
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (Y.A.)
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Nantan, Kyoto, Japan (H.A.)
| | - Akiyoshi Tani
- Compound Library Screening Center (A.T.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riyo Imamura
- Drug Discovery Initiative, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (R.I.)
| | - Shinsuke Komagawa
- Lead Explorating Units (S.K., T.K., J.-i.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshio Kanai
- Lead Explorating Units (S.K., T.K., J.-i.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University. Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan (N.F., S.Y., M.T.)
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiology (Y.K., S.H., S.O., H. Kioka, HY.H., S.N., Y.A., Y.S.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jun-ichi Haruta
- Lead Explorating Units (S.K., T.K., J.-i.H.), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine/Frontier Biosciences, Suita, Osaka, Japan (T.H., O.T., K.M., H. Kioka, H. Kato, H.H., Y.S., C.O., H.I., J.H., K.U., T.S., S.N., S.T.)
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7
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Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Takeuchi LM, Sitbon YH, Szczesna-Cordary D. Hydroxychloroquine Mitigates Dilated Cardiomyopathy Phenotype in Transgenic D94A Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415589. [PMID: 36555229 PMCID: PMC9779604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether short-term and low-dose treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug, can modulate heart function in a preclinical model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) expressing the D94A mutation in cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) compared with healthy non-transgenic (NTg) littermates. Increased interest in HCQ came with the COVID-19 pandemic, but the risk of cardiotoxic side effects of HCQ raised concerns, especially in patients with an underlying heart condition, e.g., cardiomyopathy. Effects of HCQ treatment vs. placebo (H2O), administered in Tg-D94A vs. NTg mice over one month, were studied by echocardiography and muscle contractile mechanics. Global longitudinal strain analysis showed the HCQ-mediated improvement in heart performance in DCM mice. At the molecular level, HCQ promoted the switch from myosin's super-relaxed (SRX) to disordered relaxed (DRX) state in DCM-D94A hearts. This result indicated more myosin cross-bridges exiting a hypocontractile SRX-OFF state and assuming the DRX-ON state, thus potentially enhancing myosin motor function in DCM mice. This bottom-up investigation of the pharmacological use of HCQ at the level of myosin molecules, muscle fibers, and whole hearts provides novel insights into mechanisms by which HCQ therapy mitigates some abnormal phenotypes in DCM-D94A mice and causes no harm in healthy NTg hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemeire M Kanashiro-Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Lauro M Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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8
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Mavilakandy A, Ahamed H. Mutation of the MYL3 gene in a patient with mid-ventricular obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e244573. [PMID: 35288424 PMCID: PMC8921845 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we discuss a female patient referred to cardiology with left ventricular hypertrophy at mid-ventricular segments resulting in a mid-cavitary obstruction and a left ventricular apical aneurysm. The patient had normal epicardial coronary arteries, but presented with recurrent cerebrovascular events. The patient had a positive family history for sudden cardiac death. Cardiac MRI detected positive features of left ventricular mid-cavity obstruction, left ventricular apical aneurysm and delayed gadolinium enhancement, with Holter monitoring assessment displaying segments of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Genetic analysis detected an myosin light chain 3 (MYL3) gene mutation. The patient will be referred to receive an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.The MYL3 gene mutation is a rare variant in patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. To our knowledge, the presence of a left ventricular apical aneurysm has not been previously reported in literature concerning the MYL3 gene mutation. The presence of this abnormality further increases the risk of sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mavilakandy
- Department of General Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Hisham Ahamed
- Department of Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India
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9
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You Y, Liu T, Shen J. Research progress in myosin light chain 9 in malignant tumors. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2021; 46:1153-1158. [PMID: 34911847 PMCID: PMC10930228 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2021.200814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Myosin light chain 9 (MYL9) is a regulatory light chain of myosin, which plays an important role in various biological processes including cell contraction, proliferation and invasion. MYL9 expresses abnormally in several malignancies including lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, malignant melanoma and others, which is closely related to the poor prognosis, but the clinical significance for its expression varies with different types of cancer tissues. Further elucidating the molecular mechanism of MYL9 in various types of malignant tumor metastasis is of great significance for cancer prevention and treatment. At the same time, as a molecular marker and potential target, MYL9 may have great clinical value in the early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and targeted treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng You
- Fujian Institute of Hematology; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology; Department of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
| | - Tingbo Liu
- Fujian Institute of Hematology; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology; Department of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianzhen Shen
- Fujian Institute of Hematology; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology; Department of Hematology, Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
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10
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Wang J, Gao S, Dong K, Guo P, Shan MJ. MYL2 as a potential predictive biomarker for rhabdomyosarcoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27101. [PMID: 34596111 PMCID: PMC8483830 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a common malignant soft tissue sarcoma, which is the third most common soft tissue sarcoma after malignant fibrohistoma and liposarcoma. The discovery of potential postbiomarkers could lead to early and more effective treatment measures to reduce the mortality of RMS. The discovery of biomarker is expected to be the direction of targeted therapy, providing a new direction for the precise treatment of RMS.Gene Expression Omnibus database was used to download the tow gene profiles, GSE28511 and GSE135517. GEO2R was applied to identify differently expressed genes (DEGs) between RMS and normal group. Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Metascape can perform the enrichment analysis for the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and the hub genes was identified by the Cytoscape. Expression and overall survival analysis of hub genes were performed.A total of 15 common DEGs were screened between RMS and normal tissues. The enrichment analysis here showed that the DEGs mainly enriched in the muscle filament sliding, myofibril, protein complex, sarcomere, myosin complex, nuclear chromosome, and tight junction. The 6 hub genes (DNA Topoisomerase II Alpha, Insulin Like Growth Factor 2, HIST1H4C, Cardiomyopathy Associated 5, Myosin Light Chain 2 [MYL2], Myosin Heavy Chain 2) were identified. Compared with the normal tissues, MYL2 were down-regulated in the RMS tissues. RMS patients with low expression level of MYL2 had poorer overall survival times than those with high expression levels (P < .05).In summary, lower expression of MYL2 was 1 prediction for poor prognosis of RMS. MYL2 is hope to be the target of therapy, which leads to more effective treatment and reduces the mortality rate of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junning Wang
- The second Department of orthopedics, Hangzhou Fuyang District First People's Hospital, No. 429 Beihuan Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou 311499, P.R. China
| | - Shang Gao
- Bethune Second Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, 218Ziqiang Hutong, Nanguan District, Changchun City, Jilin Province 130041, China
| | - Keqin Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Meng-jie Shan
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 9 Dongdansantiao, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of plastic surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
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11
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Kampourakis T, Irving M. The regulatory light chain mediates inactivation of myosin motors during active shortening of cardiac muscle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5272. [PMID: 34489440 PMCID: PMC8421338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal function of heart muscle depends on its ability to contract more strongly at longer length. Increased venous filling stretches relaxed heart muscle cells, triggering a stronger contraction in the next beat- the Frank-Starling relation. Conversely, heart muscle cells are inactivated when they shorten during ejection, accelerating relaxation to facilitate refilling before the next beat. Although both effects are essential for the efficient function of the heart, the underlying mechanisms were unknown. Using bifunctional fluorescent probes on the regulatory light chain of the myosin motor we show that its N-terminal domain may be captured in the folded OFF state of the myosin dimer at the end of the working-stroke of the actin-attached motor, whilst its C-terminal domain joins the OFF state only after motor detachment from actin. We propose that sequential folding of myosin motors onto the filament backbone may be responsible for shortening-induced de-activation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kampourakis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Malcolm Irving
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Xie Y, Zhan X, Tu J, Xu K, Sun X, Liu C, Ke C, Cao G, Zhou Z, Liu Y. Atractylodes oil alleviates diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by regulating intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier via SCF/c-kit and MLCK/MLC2 pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 272:113925. [PMID: 33592255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a widely used traditional herb that is well known for treating spleen deficiency and diarrhea. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is caused by cold and dampness, resulting in diarrhea and abdominal pain. Nevertheless, the effect and mechanism of Atractylodes on IBS-D are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to confirm the therapeutic effect of Atractylodes lanceolata oil (AO) in a rat model of IBS-D, and to determine the mechanisms by which AO protects against the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical components in AO were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The expression levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and surfactant protein (SP) in serum and colon tissue were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of AO toward inflammation and the intestinal barrier in a rat model of IBS-D. RESULTS The 15 chemical substances of the highest concentration in AO were identified using GC-MS. AO was effective against IBS-D in the rat model, in terms of increased body weight, diarrhea grade score, levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), aquaporin 3 (AQP3), and aquaporin 8 (AQP8), and reduced fecal moisture content, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 5-HT, VIP, and SP, while also reducing intestinal injury, as observed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. In addition, the results indicated that AO increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit and enhanced the levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, as well as decreased the levels of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and inhibited the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (p-MLC2). CONCLUSIONS AO was found to be efficacious in the rat model of IBS-D. AO inhibited the SCF/c-kit pathway, thereby reducing inflammation and protecting against intestinal barrier damage via the MLCK/MLC2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Xin Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China; Hubei Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Kang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Xiongjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Chunlian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Chang Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Guosheng Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
| | - Yanju Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China; Hubei Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Huangjia Lake West Road, Wuhan, 430065, PR China.
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13
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Wang J, Zhao H, Lv K, Zhao W, Zhang N, Yang F, Wen X, Jiang X, Tian J, Liu X, Ho CT, Li S. Pterostilbene Ameliorates DSS-Induced Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Loss in Mice via Suppression of the NF-κB-Mediated MLCK-MLC Signaling Pathway. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:3871-3878. [PMID: 33759516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of the intestinal barrier is critical for homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of pterostilbene (PTE) on the intestinal epithelium barrier. In vitro results of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in Caco-2 cells indicated that PTE counteracted tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced barrier damage. In vivo PTE pretreatment markedly ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Notably, intestinal epithelial tight junction (TJ) molecules were restored by PTE in mice exposed to DSS. The mechanism study revealed that PTE prevented myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) from driving phosphorylation of MLC (p-MLC), which is crucial for maintaining intestinal TJ stability. Furthermore, PTE blunted translocation of NF-κB subunit p65 into the nucleus to downregulate MLCK expression and then to safeguard TJs and barrier integrity. These findings suggest that PTE protected the intestinal epithelial barrier through the NF-κB- MLCK/p-MLC signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ke Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Department of Histololgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Jingrui Tian
- Department of Histololgy and Embrylolgy, School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan, Hebei 063210, China
| | - Xinjuan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, Beijing100024, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, Hubei 438000, China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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14
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Li H, Yu H, Du S, Li Q. CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated High Efficiency Knockout of Myosin Essential Light Chain Gene in the Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2021; 23:215-224. [PMID: 33715060 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-10016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is one of the most widely cultivated shellfish species in the world. Because of its economic value and complex life cycle involving drastic changes from a free-swimming larva to a sessile juvenile, C. gigas has been used as a model for developmental, environmental, and aquaculture research. However, due to the lack of genetic tools for functional analysis, gene functions associated with biological or economic traits cannot be easily determined. Here, we reported a successful application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for knockout of myosin essential light chain gene (CgMELC) in C. gigas. C. gigas embryos injected with sgRNAs/Cas9 contained extensive indel mutations at the target sites. The mutant larvae showed defective musculature and reduced motility. In addition, knockout of CgMELC disrupted the expression and patterning of myosin heavy chain positive myofibers in larvae. Together, these data indicate that CgMELC is involved in larval muscle contraction and myogenesis in oyster larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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15
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Chao F, Song Z, Wang S, Ma Z, Zhuo Z, Meng T, Xu G, Chen G. Novel circular RNA circSOBP governs amoeboid migration through the regulation of the miR-141-3p/MYPT1/p-MLC2 axis in prostate cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e360. [PMID: 33784000 PMCID: PMC8002909 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic prostate cancer is a fatal disease despite multiple new approvals in recent years. Recent studies revealed that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be involved in cancer metastasis. Defining the role of circRNAs in prostate cancer metastasis and discovering therapeutic targets that block cancer metastasis is of great significance for the treatment of prostate cancer. METHODS The circSOBP levels in prostate cancer (PCa) were determined by qRT-PCR. We evaluated the function of circSOBP using a transwell assay and nude mice lung metastasis models. Immunofluorescence assay and electron microscopic assay were applied to determine the phenotypes of prostate cancer cells' migration. We used fluorescence in situ hybridization assay to determine the localization of RNAs. Dual luciferase and rescue assays were applied to verify the interactions between circSOBP, miR-141-3p, MYPT1, and phosphomyosin light chain (p-MLC2). RESULTS We observed that circSOBP level was significantly lower in PCa specimens compared with adjacent noncancerous prostate specimens, and was correlated with the grade group of PCa. Overexpression of circSOBP suppressed PCa migration and invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. CircSOBP depletion increased migration and invasion and induced amoeboid migration of PCa cells. Mechanistically, circSOBP bound miR-141-3p and regulated the MYPT1/p-MLC2 axis. Moreover, the depletion of MYPT1 reversed the inhibitory effect of circSOBP on the migration and invasion of PCa cells. Complementary intronic Alu elements induced but were not necessary for the formation of circSOBP. The nuclear export of circSOBP was mediated by URH49. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that circSOBP suppresses amoeboid migration of PCa cells and inhibits migration and invasion through sponging miR-141-3p and regulating the MYPT1/p-MLC2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chao
- Department of UrologyJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
- Department of SurgeryShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of UrologyJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of UrologyJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
- Department of SurgeryShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Department of UrologyJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhuo
- Department of UrologyJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Ting Meng
- Research Center for Clinical MedicineJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Guoxiong Xu
- Research Center for Clinical MedicineJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of UrologyJinshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
- Department of SurgeryShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiP. R. China
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16
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Awinda PO, Watanabe M, Bishaw Y, Huckabee AM, Agonias KB, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D, Tanner BCW. Mavacamten decreases maximal force and Ca 2+ sensitivity in the N47K-myosin regulatory light chain mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H881-H890. [PMID: 33337957 PMCID: PMC8082789 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00345.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality associated with heart disease is a growing threat to the global population, and novel therapies are needed. Mavacamten (formerly called MYK-461) is a small molecule that binds to cardiac myosin and inhibits myosin ATPase. Mavacamten is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and it may provide benefits for treating other forms of heart disease. We investigated the effect of mavacamten on cardiac muscle contraction in two transgenic mouse lines expressing the human isoform of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) in their hearts. Control mice expressed wild-type RLC (WT-RLC), and HCM mice expressed the N47K RLC mutation. In the absence of mavacamten, skinned papillary muscle strips from WT-RLC mice produced greater isometric force than strips from N47K mice. Adding 0.3 µM mavacamten decreased maximal isometric force and reduced Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction for both genotypes, but this reduction in pCa50 was nearly twice as large for WT-RLC versus N47K. We also used stochastic length-perturbation analysis to characterize cross-bridge kinetics. The cross-bridge detachment rate was measured as a function of [MgATP] to determine the effect of mavacamten on myosin nucleotide handling rates. Mavacamten increased the MgADP release and MgATP binding rates for both genotypes, thereby contributing to faster cross-bridge detachment, which could speed up myocardial relaxation during diastole. Our data suggest that mavacamten reduces isometric tension and Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction via decreased strong cross-bridge binding. Mavacamten may become a useful therapy for patients with heart disease, including some forms of HCM.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mavacamten is a pharmaceutical that binds to myosin, and it is under investigation as a therapy for some forms of heart disease. We show that mavacamten reduces isometric tension and Ca2+ sensitivity of contraction in skinned myocardial strips from a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy that expresses the N47K mutation in cardiac myosin regulatory light chain. Mavacamten reduces contractility by decreasing strong cross-bridge binding, partially due to faster cross-bridge nucleotide handling rates that speed up myosin detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter O Awinda
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Marissa Watanabe
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Yemeserach Bishaw
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Anna M Huckabee
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Keinan B Agonias
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Bertrand C W Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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17
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Mhalhel K, Germanà A, Abbate F, Guerrera MC, Levanti M, Laurà R, Montalbano G. The Effect of Orally Supplemented Melatonin on Larval Performance and Skeletal Deformities in Farmed Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249597. [PMID: 33339403 PMCID: PMC7766509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gilthead seabream larval rearing in continuous light is common in most Mediterranean hatcheries to stimulate larval length growth and increase food consumption. Several studies have shown that continuous light affects larval development and increases the prevalence of skeletal deformities. Melatonin is a crucial pineal neurohormone that displays daily secretion patterns, stimulates cell proliferation and embryonic development in Atlantic salmon and zebrafish, and improves osseointegration in mice and humans. However, no studies have examined the effects of orally supplemented melatonin on skeletal deformities in Sparus aurata larvae. We administered exogenous melatonin to gilthead seabream larvae via enriched rotifers and nauplii of Artemia. Exogenous melatonin induced bone deformities and stimulated parathyroid hormone-related protein-coding gene (PTHrP) mRNA expression. In addition to the melatonin-induced PTHrP high expression level, the recorded non coordinated function of skeletal muscle and bone during growth can be the fountainhead of bone deformities. Both myosin light chain 2 (mlc2) and bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein-coding gene (bglap) expression levels were significantly affected by melatonin administration in an inverse dose–response manner during the exogenous melatonin administration. This is the first study to report the effect of inducing melatonin bone deformities on Sparus aurata larvae reared under ordinary hatchery conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Mhalhel
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-379-104-7406 (K.M.); +39-090-676-6822 (G.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Montalbano
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (G.M.); Tel.: +39-379-104-7406 (K.M.); +39-090-676-6822 (G.M.)
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18
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Zhou Y, Bian S, Zhou X, Cui Y, Wang W, Wen L, Guo L, Fu W, Tang F. Single-Cell Multiomics Sequencing Reveals Prevalent Genomic Alterations in Tumor Stromal Cells of Human Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:818-828.e5. [PMID: 33096021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To what extent stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are transformed by colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is unexplored. To dissect alterations in these non-malignant cells, we performed single-cell multiomics sequencing of 21 patients with microsatellite-stable CRCs and 6 cancer-free, elderly individuals. Surprisingly, somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are prevalent in immune cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in both the TME and the normal tissues of each individual. Moreover, the proportions of fibroblasts with SCNAs in tumors (11.1%-47.7%) are much higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (1.1%-10.6%), with gain of chromosome 7 strongly enriched in the TME, clearly indicating clonal expansion. Furthermore, five genes (BGN, RCN3, TAGLN, MYL9, and TPM2) are identified as fibroblast-specific biomarkers of poorer prognosis of CRC. Our study provides evidence and functional relevance of pervasive genomic alterations in the stromal cells of TME in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuhui Bian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yueli Cui
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Limei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Beijing 100871, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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19
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Liu J, Campagna J, John V, Damoiseaux R, Mokhonova E, Becerra D, Meng H, McNally EM, Pyle AD, Kramerova I, Spencer MJ. A Small-Molecule Approach to Restore a Slow-Oxidative Phenotype and Defective CaMKIIβ Signaling in Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy. Cell Rep Med 2020; 1:100122. [PMID: 33205074 PMCID: PMC7659555 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in CAPN3 cause limb girdle muscular dystrophy R1 (LGMDR1, formerly LGMD2A) and lead to progressive and debilitating muscle wasting. Calpain 3 deficiency is associated with impaired CaMKIIβ signaling and blunted transcriptional programs that encode the slow-oxidative muscle phenotype. We conducted a high-throughput screen on a target of CaMKII (Myl2) to identify compounds to override this signaling defect; 4 were tested in vivo in the Capn3 knockout (C3KO) model of LGMDR1. The leading compound, AMBMP, showed good exposure and was able to reverse the LGMDR1 phenotype in vivo, including improved oxidative properties, increased slow fiber size, and enhanced exercise performance. AMBMP also activated CaMKIIβ signaling, but it did not alter other pathways known to be associated with muscle growth. Thus, AMBMP treatment activates CaMKII and metabolically reprograms skeletal muscle toward a slow muscle phenotype. These proof-of-concept studies lend support for an approach to the development of therapeutics for LGMDR1.
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MESH Headings
- Acyltransferases/genetics
- Acyltransferases/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/genetics
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2/metabolism
- Calpain/deficiency
- Calpain/genetics
- Cardiac Myosins/genetics
- Cardiac Myosins/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form/genetics
- Creatine Kinase, Mitochondrial Form/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Proteins/deficiency
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle/pathology
- Myoblasts/drug effects
- Myoblasts/metabolism
- Myoblasts/pathology
- Myosin Light Chains/genetics
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- Phenotype
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jesus Campagna
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Varghese John
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert Damoiseaux
- Department of Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine and Molecular Screening Shared Resource, Crump Imaging Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Mokhonova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Becerra
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Huan Meng
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - April D. Pyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Irina Kramerova
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa J. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Kohama Y, Higo S, Masumura Y, Shiba M, Kondo T, Ishizu T, Higo T, Nakamura S, Kameda S, Tabata T, Inoue H, Motooka D, Okuzaki D, Takashima S, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Hikoso S, Sakata Y. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene delivery promotes S-phase entry-independent precise targeted integration in cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15348. [PMID: 32948788 PMCID: PMC7501291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-mitotic cardiomyocytes have been considered to be non-permissive to precise targeted integration including homology-directed repair (HDR) after CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Here, we demonstrate that direct delivery of large amounts of transgene encoding guide RNA (gRNA) and repair template DNA via intra-ventricular injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) promotes precise targeted genome replacement in adult murine cardiomyocytes expressing Cas9. Neither systemic injection of AAV nor direct injection of adenovirus promotes targeted integration, suggesting that high copy numbers of single-stranded transgenes are required in cardiomyocytes. Notably, AAV-mediated targeted integration in cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo depends on the Fanconi anemia pathway, a key component of the single-strand template repair mechanism. In human cardiomyocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, AAV-mediated targeted integration fluorescently labeled Mlc2v protein after differentiation, independently of DNA synthesis, and enabled real-time detection of sarcomere contraction in monolayered beating cardiomyocytes. Our findings provide a wide range of applications for targeted genome replacement in non-dividing cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Kohama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuki Masumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikio Shiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takamaru Ishizu
- Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 578-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoki Nakamura
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoka Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Vaziri P, Ryan D, Johnston CA, Cripps RM. A Novel Mechanism for Activation of Myosin Regulatory Light Chain by Protein Kinase C-Delta in Drosophila. Genetics 2020; 216:177-190. [PMID: 32753389 PMCID: PMC7463289 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin is an essential motor protein, which in muscle is comprised of two molecules each of myosin heavy-chain (MHC), the essential or alkali myosin light-chain 1 (MLC1), and the regulatory myosin light-chain 2 (MLC2). It has been shown previously that MLC2 phosphorylation at two canonical serine residues is essential for proper flight muscle function in Drosophila; however, MLC2 is also phosphorylated at additional residues for which the mechanism and functional significance is not known. We found that a hypomorphic allele of Pkcδ causes a flightless phenotype; therefore, we hypothesized that PKCδ phosphorylates MLC2. We rescued flight disability by duplication of the wild-type Pkcδ gene. Moreover, MLC2 is hypophosphorylated in Pkcδ mutant flies, but it is phosphorylated in rescued animals. Myosin isolated from Pkcδ mutant flies shows a reduced actin-activated ATPase activity, and MLC2 in these myosin preparations can be phosphorylated directly by recombinant human PKCδ. The flightless phenotype is characterized by a shortened and disorganized sarcomere phenotype that becomes apparent following eclosion. We conclude that MLC2 is a direct target of phosphorylation by PKCδ, and that this modification is necessary for flight muscle maturation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Vaziri
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Danielle Ryan
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | | | - Richard M Cripps
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
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22
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Manivannan SN, Darouich S, Masmoudi A, Gordon D, Zender G, Han Z, Fitzgerald-Butt S, White P, McBride KL, Kharrat M, Garg V. Novel frameshift variant in MYL2 reveals molecular differences between dominant and recessive forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008639. [PMID: 32453731 PMCID: PMC7274480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by thickening of the ventricular muscle without dilation and is often associated with dominant pathogenic variants in cardiac sarcomeric protein genes. Here, we report a family with two infants diagnosed with infantile-onset HCM and mitral valve dysplasia that led to death before one year of age. Using exome sequencing, we discovered that one of the affected children had a homozygous frameshift variant in Myosin light chain 2 (MYL2:NM_000432.3:c.431_432delCT: p.Pro144Argfs*57;MYL2-fs), which alters the last 20 amino acids of the protein and is predicted to impact the most C-terminal of the three EF-hand domains in MYL2. The parents are unaffected heterozygous carriers of the variant and the variant is absent in control cohorts from gnomAD. The absence of the phenotype in carriers and the infantile presentation of severe HCM is in contrast to HCM associated with dominant MYL2 variants. Immunohistochemical analysis of the ventricular muscle of the deceased patient with the MYL2-fs variant showed a marked reduction of MYL2 expression compared to an unaffected control. In vitro overexpression studies further indicate that the MYL2-fs variant is actively degraded. In contrast, an HCM-associated missense variant (MYL2:p.Gly162Arg) and three other MYL2 stop-gain variants (p.E22*, p.K62*, p.E97*) that result in loss of the EF domains are stably expressed but show impaired localization. The degradation of the MYL2-fs can be rescued by inhibiting the cell’s proteasome function supporting a post-translational effect of the variant. In vivo rescue experiments with a Drosophila MYL2-homolog (Mlc2) knockdown model indicate that neither the MYL2-fs nor the MYL2:p.Gly162Arg variant supports normal cardiac function. The tools that we have generated provide a rapid screening platform for functional assessment of variants of unknown significance in MYL2. Our study supports an autosomal recessive model of inheritance for MYL2 loss-of-function variants in infantile HCM and highlights the variant-specific molecular differences found in MYL2-associated cardiomyopathy. We report a novel frameshift variant in MYL2 that is associated with a severe form of infantile-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The impact of the variant is only observed in the recessive form of the disease found in the proband and not in the parents who are carriers of the variant. This contrasts with other dominant variants in MYL2 that are associated with cardiomyopathies. We compared the stability of this variant to that of other cardiomyopathy associated MYL2 variants and found molecular differences that correlated with disease pathology. We also show different protein domain requirements for stability and localization of MYL2 in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we used a fly model to demonstrate functional deficits due to the variant in the developing heart. Overall, our study shows a molecular mechanism by which loss-of-function variants in MYL2 are recessive while missense variants are dominant. We highlight the use of exome sequencing and functional testing to assist in the diagnosis of rare forms of disease where pathogenicity of the variant is not obvious. The new tools we developed for in vitro functional study and the fly fluorescent reporter analysis will permit rapid analysis of MYL2 variants of unknown significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiya N. Manivannan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sihem Darouich
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES10 Laboratory of Human Genetics, Tunis, Tunisia
- * E-mail: (SD); (VG)
| | - Aida Masmoudi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Department of Embryo-Fetopathology, Maternity and Neonatology Center, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David Gordon
- Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Gloria Zender
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sara Fitzgerald-Butt
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Peter White
- Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kim L. McBride
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Maher Kharrat
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, LR99ES10 Laboratory of Human Genetics, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SD); (VG)
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23
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Liu CL, Cheng SP, Chen MJ, Lin CH, Chen SN, Kuo YH, Chang YC. Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase Promotes Invasiveness of Breast Cancer Through Myosin Light Chain Phosphorylation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:621944. [PMID: 33613454 PMCID: PMC7890081 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.621944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis is involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine pathway participating in NAD+ generation. In this study, we demonstrated that QPRT expression was upregulated in invasive breast cancer and spontaneous mammary tumors from MMTV-PyVT transgenic mice. Knockdown of QPRT expression inhibited breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Consistently, ectopic expression of QPRT promoted cell migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. Treatment with QPRT inhibitor (phthalic acid) or P2Y11 antagonist (NF340) could reverse the QPRT-induced invasiveness and phosphorylation of myosin light chain. Similar reversibility could be observed following treatment with Rho inhibitor (Y16), ROCK inhibitor (Y27632), PLC inhibitor (U73122), or MLCK inhibitor (ML7). Altogether, these results indicate that QPRT enhanced breast cancer invasiveness probably through purinergic signaling and might be a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Na Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hue Kuo
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yuan-Ching Chang,
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24
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Ghazizadeh Z, Kiviniemi T, Olafsson S, Plotnick D, Beerens ME, Zhang K, Gillon L, Steinbaugh MJ, Barrera V, Sui SH, Werdich AA, Kapur S, Eranti A, Gunn J, Jalkanen J, Airaksinen J, Kleber AG, Hollmén M, MacRae CA. Metastable Atrial State Underlies the Primary Genetic Substrate for MYL4 Mutation-Associated Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation 2019; 141:301-312. [PMID: 31735076 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.044268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia and is associated with heart failure, stroke, and increased mortality. The myocardial substrate for AF is poorly understood because of limited access to primary human tissue and mechanistic questions around existing in vitro or in vivo models. METHODS Using an MYH6:mCherry knock-in reporter line, we developed a protocol to generate and highly purify human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes displaying physiological and molecular characteristics of atrial cells. We modeled human MYL4 mutants, one of the few definitive genetic causes of AF. To explore non-cell-autonomous components of AF substrate, we also created a zebrafish Myl4 knockout model, which exhibited molecular, cellular, and physiologic abnormalities that parallel those in humans bearing the cognate mutations. RESULTS There was evidence of increased retinoic acid signaling in both human embryonic stem cells and zebrafish mutant models, as well as abnormal expression and localization of cytoskeletal proteins, and loss of intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen. To identify potentially druggable proximate mechanisms, we performed a chemical suppressor screen integrating multiple human cellular and zebrafish in vivo endpoints. This screen identified Cx43 (connexin 43) hemichannel blockade as a robust suppressor of the abnormal phenotypes in both models of MYL4 (myosin light chain 4)-related atrial cardiomyopathy. Immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation studies revealed an interaction between MYL4 and Cx43 with altered localization of Cx43 hemichannels to the lateral membrane in MYL4 mutants, as well as in atrial biopsies from unselected forms of human AF. The membrane fraction from MYL4-/- human embryonic stem cell derived atrial cells demonstrated increased phospho-Cx43, which was further accentuated by retinoic acid treatment and by the presence of risk alleles at the Pitx2 locus. PKC (protein kinase C) was induced by retinoic acid, and PKC inhibition also rescued the abnormal phenotypes in the atrial cardiomyopathy models. CONCLUSIONS These data establish a mechanistic link between the transcriptional, metabolic and electrical pathways previously implicated in AF substrate and suggest novel avenues for the prevention or therapy of this common arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaniar Ghazizadeh
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tuomas Kiviniemi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Sigurast Olafsson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Plotnick
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Manu E Beerens
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Leah Gillon
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Victor Barrera
- Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.J.S., V.B., S.H.S.)
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (M.J.S., V.B., S.H.S.)
| | - Andreas A Werdich
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sunil Kapur
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Antti Eranti
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Jarmo Gunn
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Juho Jalkanen
- Medicity Research Laboratories (J.J., M.H.), Harvard T.H
| | - Juhani Airaksinen
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.), Harvard T.H
- University of Turku, Finland (T.K., A.E., J.G., J.A.). Harvard T.H
| | - Andre G Kleber
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.G.K.)
| | - Maija Hollmén
- Medicity Research Laboratories (J.J., M.H.), Harvard T.H
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division (Z.G., T.K., S.O., D.P., M.E.B., K.Z., L.G., A.A.W., S.K., C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Genetics and Network Medicine Divisions (C.A.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA (C.A.M.)
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25
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Meng C, Sun Y, Hu Z, Wang H, Jiang W, Song J, Yu Y, Hu D. Effects of hypoxia inducible factor-1α on expression levels of MLCK, p-MLC and ZO-1 of rat endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:591-596. [PMID: 31540688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the aberrant expression of endothelial permeability associated proteins including MLCK, p-MLC and ZO-1 in presence of different levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). METHODS We established monolayer vascular endothelial cell model with the primary rat endothelial cells. Over-expressed or under-expressed HIF-1α cell lines were made by endothelial cells transfected with plasmid vector constructed with HIF-1α gene or HIF-1α-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Levels of mRNA and protein of MLCK, p-MLC and ZO-1 were determined using Real-Time PCR and Western blot. All data were analyzed using by One-Way ANOVA method and LSD. RESULTS We successfully cultured the rat endothelial primary cells for four days. The mRNA and protein levels of MLCK and p-MLC were significantly increased in the HIF-1α over-expression group than that in the blank control group and the empty plasmid GV230 group (P<0.05). ZO-1 was significantly lower in the HIF-1α over-expression group than that in the blank control group and the GV230 group. On the contrary, the mRNA and protein levels of MLCK and p-MLC were significantly lower in the HIF-1α under-expression group than that in the blank control group and the shRNA-NC group (P<0.05). ZO-1 was significantly higher in the HIF-1α low-expression group than that in the blank control group and the shRNA-NC group. CONCLUSION HIF-1α positively regulates the expression of MLCK and p-MLC and negatively regulates the expression of ZO-1 in rat monolayer endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengying Meng
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Youjun Sun
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zijian Hu
- 2018 Class of Clinical Medicine (No.1813010207), The First Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Junhui Song
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Youxin Yu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Delin Hu
- Department of Burn, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
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26
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Li MS, Xia F, Liu M, He XR, Chen YY, Bai TL, Chen GX, Wang L, Cao MJ, Liu GM. Cloning, Expression, and Epitope Identification of Myosin Light Chain 1: An Allergen in Mud Crab. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10458-10469. [PMID: 31469568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is a commonly consumed seafood as a result of its high nutritional value; however, it is associated with food allergy. The current understanding of crab allergens remains insufficient. In the present study, an 18 kDa protein was purified from crab muscle and confirmed to be myosin light chain 1 (MLC1) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Total RNA was isolated and amplified to obtain a MLC1 open reading frame of 462 bp, encoding 154 amino acids. A structural analysis revealed that recombinant MLC1 (rMLC1) expressed in Escherichia coli contained α-helix and random coil. Moreover, rMLC1 displayed strong immunoactivity by dot blot and a basophil activation test. Furthermore, seven allergenic epitopes of MLC1 were predicted, and five critical epitope regions were identified by an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and human mast cell degranulation assay. This comprehensive research of an allergen helps to conduct component-resolved diagnoses and immunotherapies related to crab allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Si Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xia
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rong He
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yu Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Liang Bai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Xia Chen
- Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 361003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources , Jimei University , Xiamen , Fujian 361021 , People's Republic of China
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27
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González-Herrera L, Márquez-Ruiz AB, Serrano MJ, Ramos V, Lorente JA, Valenzuela A. mRNA expression patterns in human myocardial tissue, pericardial fluid and blood, and its contribution to the diagnosis of cause of death. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109876. [PMID: 31419595 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression has become an interesting research area in forensic pathology to investigate the process of death at the molecular level. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in gene expression patterns in relation to the cause of death, and to propose new molecular markers of myocardial ischemia of potential use for the postmortem diagnosis of early ischemic heart damage in cases of sudden cardiac death (SCD). We determined mRNA levels of five proteins related with ischemic myocardial damage and repair - TNNI3, MYL3, TGFB1, MMP9 and VEGFA - in specific sites of the myocardium, blood and pericardial fluid in samples from 30 cadavers with different causes of death (SCD, multiple trauma, mechanical asphyxia, and other natural deaths). TNNI3 expression in blood, and MMP9 expression in pericardial fluid, were significantly higher when the cause of death was mechanical asphyxia, probably because of the more sensitive response of these proteins to acute systemic hypoxia/ischemia. Specifically, among SCD cases, increased MYL3, VEGFA and MMP9 values in the anterior wall of the right ventricle were found when the confirmed cause of death was acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Higher TGFB1 expression was found in the interventricular septum when AMI was not the cause of death, most likely as a reflection of the short duration of ischemia. Molecular biology techniques can provide complementary tools for the forensic diagnosis of early ischemic myocardial damage and AMI, and may make it possible to determine the duration and severity of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas González-Herrera
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Márquez-Ruiz
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María José Serrano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, Avenida de la Ilustración 114, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Valentín Ramos
- Forensic Pathology Service, Legal Medicine Institute of Malaga, C./Fiscal Luís Portero García 6, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - José Antonio Lorente
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Aurora Valenzuela
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
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28
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Zaleta-Rivera K, Dainis A, Ribeiro AJS, Cordero P, Rubio G, Shang C, Liu J, Finsterbach T, Parikh VN, Sutton S, Seo K, Sinha N, Jain N, Huang Y, Hajjar RJ, Kay MA, Szczesna-Cordary D, Pruitt BL, Wheeler MT, Ashley EA. Allele-Specific Silencing Ameliorates Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Attributable to a Human Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Mutation. Circulation 2019; 140:765-778. [PMID: 31315475 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a rare heart disease associated with mutations in sarcomeric genes and with phenotypic overlap with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There is no approved therapy directed at the underlying cause. Here, we explore the potential of an interfering RNA (RNAi) therapeutic for a human sarcomeric mutation in MYL2 causative of restrictive cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. METHODS A short hairpin RNA (M7.8L) was selected from a pool for specificity and efficacy. Two groups of myosin regulatory light chain N47K transgenic mice were injected with M7.8L packaged in adeno-associated virus 9 at 3 days of age and 60 days of age. Mice were subjected to treadmill exercise and echocardiography after treatment to determine maximal oxygen uptake and left ventricular mass. At the end of treatment, heart, lung, liver, and kidney tissue was harvested to determine viral tropism and for transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. Cardiomyocytes were isolated for single-cell studies. RESULTS A one-time injection of AAV9-M7.8L RNAi in 3-day-old humanized regulatory light chain mutant transgenic mice silenced the mutated allele (RLC-47K) with minimal effects on the normal allele (RLC-47N) assayed at 16 weeks postinjection. AAV9-M7.8L RNAi suppressed the expression of hypertrophic biomarkers, reduced heart weight, and attenuated a pathological increase in left ventricular mass. Single adult cardiac myocytes from mice treated with AAV9-M7.8L showed partial restoration of contraction, relaxation, and calcium kinetics. In addition, cardiac stress protein biomarkers, such as calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and the transcription activator Brg1 were reduced, suggesting recovery toward a healthy myocardium. Transcriptome analyses further revealed no significant changes of argonaute (AGO1, AGO2) and endoribonuclease dicer (DICER1) transcripts, and endogenous microRNAs were preserved, suggesting that the RNAi pathway was not saturated. CONCLUSIONS Our results show the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of RNAi therapeutics directed towards human restrictive cardiomyopathy. This is a promising step toward targeted therapy for a prevalent human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathia Zaleta-Rivera
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Alexandra Dainis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | | | - Pablo Cordero
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Ching Shang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Thomas Finsterbach
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Victoria N Parikh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Shirley Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Kinya Seo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Nikita Sinha
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Nikhil Jain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Yong Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.J.H.)
| | - Mark A Kay
- Department of Genetics (M.A.K., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Pediatrics (M.A.K.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, FL (D.S.-C.)
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, CA (A.J.S.R., B.L.P.)
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.Z.-R., A.D., P.C., G.R., C.S., J.L., T.F., W.N.P., S.S., K.S., N.S., N.J., Y.H., M.T.W., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
- Department of Genetics (M.A.K., E.A.A.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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Kim JH, Graber TG, Liu H, Asakura A, Thompson LV. Increasing myosin light chain 3f (MLC3f) protects against a decline in contractile velocity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214982. [PMID: 30964931 PMCID: PMC6456215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Disuse induces adaptations in skeletal muscle, which lead to muscle deterioration. Hindlimb-unloading (HU) is a well-established model to investigate cellular mechanisms responsible for disuse-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction. In myosin heavy chain (MHC) type IIB fibers HU induces a reduction in contraction speed (Vo) and a reduction in the relative myosin light chain 3f (MLC3f) protein content compared with myosin light chain 1f (MLC1f) protein. This study tested the hypothesis that increasing the relative MLC3f protein content via rAd-MLC3f vector delivery would attenuate the HU-induced decline in Vo in single MHC type IIB fibers. Fischer-344 rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, HU for 7 days, and HU for 7 days plus rAd-MLC3f. The semimembranosus muscles were injected with rAd-MLC3f (3.75 x 1011–5 x 1011 ifu/ml) at four days after the initiation of HU. In single MHC type IIB fibers the relative MLC3f content decreased by 25% (12.00±0.60% to 9.06±0.66%) and Vo was reduced by 29% (3.22±0.14fl/s vs. 2.27±0.08fl/s) with HU compared to the control group. The rAd-MLC3f injection resulted in an increase in the relative MLC3f content (12.26±1.19%) and a concomitant increase in Vo (2.90±0.15fl/s) of MHC type IIB fibers. A positive relationship was observed between the percent of MLC3f content and Vo. Maximal isometric force and specific tension were reduced with HU by 49% (741.45±44.24μN to 379.09±23.77μN) and 33% (97.58±4.25kN/m2 to 65.05±2.71kN/m2), respectively compared to the control group. The rAd-MLC3f injection did not change the HU-induced decline in force or specific tension. Collectively, these results indicate that rAd-MLC3f injection rescues hindlimb unloading-induced decline in Vo in MHC type IIB single muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ted G. Graber
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Haiming Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - LaDora V. Thompson
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Yuan CC, Yadav S, Sitbon YH, Walz K, Ma W, Irving TC, Cheah JX, Gomes AV, Szczesna-Cordary D. Slow-twitch skeletal muscle defects accompany cardiac dysfunction in transgenic mice with a mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain. FASEB J 2019; 33:3152-3166. [PMID: 30365366 PMCID: PMC6404564 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801402r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myosin light chain 2 ( MYL2) gene encodes the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) simultaneously in heart ventricles and in slow-twitch skeletal muscle. Using transgenic mice with cardiac-specific expression of the human R58Q-RLC mutant, we sought to determine whether the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype observed in papillary muscles (PMs) of R58Q mice is also manifested in slow-twitch soleus (SOL) muscles. Skinned SOL muscles and ventricular PMs of R58Q animals exhibited lower contractile force that was not observed in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscles of R58Q vs. wild-type-RLC mice, but mutant animals did not display gross muscle weakness in vivo. Consistent with SOL muscle abnormalities in R58Q vs. wild-type mice, myosin ATPase staining revealed a decreased proportion of fiber type I/type II only in SOL muscles but not in the extensor digitorum longus muscles. The similarities between SOL muscles and PMs of R58Q mice were further supported by quantitative proteomics. Differential regulation of proteins involved in energy metabolism, cell-cell interactions, and protein-protein signaling was concurrently observed in the hearts and SOL muscles of R58Q mice. In summary, even though R58Q expression was restricted to the heart of mice, functional similarities were clearly observed between the hearts and slow-twitch skeletal muscle, suggesting that MYL2 mutated models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be useful research tools to study the molecular, structural, and energetic mechanisms of cardioskeletal myopathy associated with myosin RLC.-Kazmierczak, K., Liang, J., Yuan, C.-C., Yadav, S., Sitbon, Y. H., Walz, K., Ma, W., Irving, T. C., Cheah, J. X., Gomes, A. V., Szczesna-Cordary, D. Slow-twitch skeletal muscle defects accompany cardiac dysfunction in transgenic mice with a mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chen-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yoel H. Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katherina Walz
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Weikang Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jenice X. Cheah
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Yadav S, Sitbon YH, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D. Hereditary heart disease: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and animal models of HCM, RCM, and DCM associated with mutations in cardiac myosin light chains. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:683-699. [PMID: 30706179 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies, a group of cardiovascular disorders based on ventricular morphology and function, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Such genetically driven forms of hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies are chronic, debilitating diseases that result from biomechanical defects in cardiac muscle contraction and frequently progress to heart failure (HF). Locus and allelic heterogeneity, as well as clinical variability combined with genetic and phenotypic overlap between different cardiomyopathies, have challenged proper clinical prognosis and provided an incentive for identification of pathogenic variants. This review attempts to provide an overview of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on their genetic etiology in myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains, which are EF-hand protein family members with important structural and regulatory roles. From the clinical discovery of cardiomyopathy-linked light chain mutations in patients to an array of exploratory studies in animals, and reconstituted and recombinant systems, we have summarized the current state of knowledge on light chain mutations and how they induce physiological disease states via biochemical and biomechanical alterations at the molecular, tissue, and organ levels. Cardiac myosin RLC phosphorylation and the N-terminus ELC have been discussed as two important emerging modalities with important implications in the regulation of myosin motor function, and thus cardiac performance. A comprehensive understanding of such triggers is absolutely necessary for the development of target-specific rescue strategies to ameliorate or reverse the effects of myosin light chain-related inherited cardiomyopathies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mutation
- Myosin Light Chains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Fortin JP, Tan J, Gascoigne KE, Haverty PM, Forrest WF, Costa MR, Martin SE. Multiple-gene targeting and mismatch tolerance can confound analysis of genome-wide pooled CRISPR screens. Genome Biol 2019; 20:21. [PMID: 30683138 PMCID: PMC6346559 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide loss-of-function screens using the CRISPR/Cas9 system allow the efficient discovery of cancer cell vulnerabilities. While several studies have focused on correcting for DNA cleavage toxicity biases associated with copy number alterations, the effects of sgRNAs co-targeting multiple genomic loci in CRISPR screens have not been discussed. RESULTS In this work, we analyze CRISPR essentiality screen data from 391 cancer cell lines to characterize biases induced by multi-target sgRNAs. We investigate two types of multi-targets: on-targets predicted through perfect sequence complementarity and off-targets predicted through sequence complementarity with up to two nucleotide mismatches. We find that the number of on-targets and off-targets both increase sgRNA activity in a cell line-specific manner and that existing additive models of gene knockout effects fail at capturing genetic interactions that may occur between co-targeted genes. We use synthetic lethality between paralog genes to show that genetic interactions can introduce biases in essentiality scores estimated from multi-target sgRNAs. We further show that single-mismatch tolerant sgRNAs can confound the analysis of gene essentiality and lead to incorrect co-essentiality functional networks. Lastly, we also find that single nucleotide polymorphisms located in protospacer regions can impair on-target activity as a result of mismatch tolerance. CONCLUSION We show the impact of multi-target effects on estimating cancer cell dependencies and the impact of off-target effects caused by mismatch tolerance in sgRNA-DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Fortin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA.
| | - Jenille Tan
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Haverty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - William F Forrest
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Costa
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
| | - Scott E Martin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, 94080, CA, USA
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Zhang J, Xu X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Odle J, Lin X, Zhu H, Wang X, Liu Y. EPA and DHA Inhibit Myogenesis and Downregulate the Expression of Muscle-related Genes in C2C12 Myoblasts. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010064. [PMID: 30669396 PMCID: PMC6356802 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the biological effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cell proliferation, differentiation and gene expression in C2C12 myoblasts. C2C12 were treated with various concentrations of EPA or DHA under proliferation and differentiation conditions. Cell viability was analyzed using cell counting kit-8 assays (CCK-8). The Edu assays were performed to analyze cell proliferation. To analyze cell differentiation, the expressions of myogenic marker genes were determined at the transcriptional and translational levels by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Global gene expression patterns were characterized using RNA-sequencing. Phosphorylation levels of ERK and Akt were examined by immunoblotting. Cell viability and proliferation was significantly inhibited after incubation with EPA (50 and 100 μM) or DHA (100 μM). Both EPA and DHA suppressed C2C12 myoblasts differentiation. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that some muscle-related genes were significantly downregulated following EPA or DHA (50 μM) treatment, including insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), troponin T3 (Tnnt3), myoglobin (Mb), myosin light chain phosphorylatable fast skeletal muscle (Mylpf) and myosin heavy polypeptide 3 (Myh3). IGF-2 was crucial for the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscle and could activate the PI3K/Akt and the MAPK/ERK cascade. We found that EPA and DHA (50 μM) decreased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt in C2C12 myoblasts. Thus, this study suggested that EPA and DHA exerted an inhibitory effect on myoblast proliferation and differentiation and downregulated muscle-related genes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jack Odle
- Laboratory of Development Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Xi Lin
- Laboratory of Development Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Huiling Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiuying Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
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Yin J, Lv L, Zhai P, Long T, Zhou Q, Pan H, Botwe G, Wang L, Wang Q, Tan L, Kuebler WM. Connexin 40 regulates lung endothelial permeability in acute lung injury via the ROCK1-MYPT1- MLC20 pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L35-L44. [PMID: 30234377 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00012.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased pulmonary vascular permeability is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI). Connexin 40 (Cx40) is a gap junctional protein abundantly present in the lung microvascular endothelium. Yet, the role of Cx40 in the regulation of lung vascular permeability and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Cx40 participates in regulation of lung endothelial permeability via a mechanism involving a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) dependent regulation of myosin light chain (MLC). In murine models of intratracheal acid- or LPS-induced lung injury, genetic deficiency of Cx40 attenuated key features of ALI including vascular barrier failure. In human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs), thrombin-induced loss of transendothelial electrical resistance was attenuated by a Cx40-inhibiting mimetic peptide (40GAP27), Cx40-specific shRNA, or ROCK inhibitor Y27632. In isolated perfused mouse lungs, platelet-activating factor-induced lung weight gain was abrogated by gap junction blocker carbenoxolone, 40GAP27, Y27632, or genetic deficiency of Cx40. Phosphorylation of MLC20 increased drastically in both LPS-treated PMVECs and HCl-treated mouse lungs. Expression of ROCK1 was increased in both LPS-treated PMVECs and HCl-treated mouse lungs, and paralleled by phosphorylation of MLC20. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed protein-protein interaction between ROCK1 and Cx40. LPS-induced upregulation of ROCK1 and phosphorylation of MLC20 were blocked by knockdown of Cx40. LPS caused phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1, which could be abrogated by Y27632 or Cx40-shRNA. Our findings reveal a role of Cx40 in regulation of ROCK1 and MLC20 that contributes critically to lung vascular barrier failure in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Peng Zhai
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Huiwen Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Godwin Botwe
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu , China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Department of Physiology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , Berlin , Germany
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Ma N, Zhang J, Itzhaki I, Zhang SL, Chen H, Haddad F, Kitani T, Wilson KD, Tian L, Shrestha R, Wu H, Lam CK, Sayed N, Wu JC. Determining the Pathogenicity of a Genomic Variant of Uncertain Significance Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Circulation 2018; 138:2666-2681. [PMID: 29914921 PMCID: PMC6298866 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression toward low-cost and rapid next-generation sequencing has uncovered a multitude of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in both patients and asymptomatic "healthy" individuals. A VUS is a rare or novel variant for which disease pathogenicity has not been conclusively demonstrated or excluded, and thus cannot be definitively annotated. VUS, therefore, pose critical clinical interpretation and risk-assessment challenges, and new methods are urgently needed to better characterize their pathogenicity. METHODS To address this challenge and showcase the uncertainty surrounding genomic variant interpretation, we recruited a "healthy" asymptomatic individual, lacking cardiac-disease clinical history, carrying a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-associated genetic variant (NM_000258.2:c.170C>A, NP_000249.1:p.Ala57Asp) in the sarcomeric gene MYL3, reported by the ClinVar database to be "likely pathogenic." Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from the heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A) carrier, and their genome was edited using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate 4 isogenic iPSC lines: (1) corrected "healthy" control; (2) homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A); (3) heterozygous frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs); and (4) known heterozygous MYL3 pathogenic mutation (NM_000258.2:c.170C>G), at the same nucleotide position as VUS MYL3(170C>A), lines. Extensive assays including measurements of gene expression, sarcomere structure, cell size, contractility, action potentials, and calcium handling were performed on the isogenic iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). RESULTS The heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)-iPSC-CMs did not show an HCM phenotype at the gene expression, morphology, or functional levels. Furthermore, genome-edited homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)- and frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs)-iPSC-CMs lines were also asymptomatic, supporting a benign assessment for this particular MYL3 variant. Further assessment of the pathogenic nature of a genome-edited isogenic line carrying a known pathogenic MYL3 mutation, MYL3(170C>G), and a carrier-specific iPSC-CMs line, carrying a MYBPC3(961G>A) HCM variant, demonstrated the ability of this combined platform to provide both pathogenic and benign assessments. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates the ability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome-editing of carrier-specific iPSCs to elucidate both benign and pathogenic HCM functional phenotypes in a carrier-specific manner in a dish. As such, this platform represents a promising VUS risk-assessment tool that can be used for assessing HCM-associated VUS specifically, and VUS in general, and thus significantly contribute to the arsenal of precision medicine tools available in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joe Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophia L. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodong Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francois Haddad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kitchener D. Wilson
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Feng S, Wang S, Wang Y, Yang Q, Wang D, Li H. Identification and expression of carbonic anhydrase 2, myosin regulatory light chain 2 and selenium-binding protein 1 in zebrafish Danio rerio: Implication for age-related biomarkers. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 29:47-58. [PMID: 29738878 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic study has determined age-related changes in synthesis of carbonic anhydrase 2, myosin regulatory light chain 2 and selenium-binding protein 1 in muscle of post-menopausal women. However, little information is available regarding the expression and role of these proteins in early development and life span. In this study we showed that zebrafish ca2, myl2a, myl2b and selenbp1 were highly identical to their mammalian counterparts in primary and tertiary structures as well as genomic organization and syntenic map. They displayed distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in embryos and larvae of zebrafish. Moreover, their transcription levels in the respective tissues were obviously remodeled in an age-dependent fashion, i.e. some mRNA levels were increased, while others remained unchanged or even decreased, suggesting that CA2, MYL2a, MYL2b and SELENBP1 can be used as aging biomarkers. Our study also lays a foundation for further illumination of the functions of these genes in early development and aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqi Feng
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Su Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yashuo Wang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qingyun Yang
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Dejing Wang
- No. 2 High School of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Han L, Zhang XL, Cai H, Yang Z, Wang LH, Wei LS, Liu TD. [Expression of the MYL2 gene in the development of rat testis tissue]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue 2018; 24:206-210. [PMID: 30161304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of the gene of myosin regulatory light chain-2 (MYL2) in the development of rat testis tissue. METHODS Using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, we determined the mRNA transcription level and protein expression of MYL2 in the rat testis. RESULTS The mRNA expression of the MYL2 gene changed in an age-dependent manner, reaching the highest value on postnatal day (PND) 2, then dropped rapidly till PND 8, increased slowly on PNDs 10 and 12, decreased on PND 14, rose slightly from PND 15 and rapidly on PNDs 20 and 25, and declined slowly from PND 65. Immunohistochemistry showed that the MYL2 protein was mainly expressed in testicular sperm cells. CONCLUSIONS The MYL2 gene may be involved in the proliferation of spermatogonial stem cells and the process of sperm cells developing into mature sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, the First Affliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China
| | - Xin-Lai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery,the First Affliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, the First Affliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, the First Affliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China
| | - Ling-Hong Wang
- Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, the First Affliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China
| | - Long-Sheng Wei
- Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, the First Affliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China
| | - Tao-di Liu
- Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, the First Affliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010059, China
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Xie X, Wang X, Liao W, Fei R, Wu N, Cong X, Chen Q, Wei L, Wang Y, Chen H. MYL6B, a myosin light chain, promotes MDM2-mediated p53 degradation and drives HCC development. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:28. [PMID: 29439719 PMCID: PMC5812214 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of novel MDM2 or p53 binding proteins may reveal undefined oncogenes, tumor suppressors, signaling pathways and possible treatment targets. METHODS By means of immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry analysis, we aimed to identify novel regulators of the MDM2-p53 pathway. We further clarified the impact of MYL6B on the p53 protein level and on the process of apoptosis. We also investigated the role of MYL6B in hepatocellular carcinoma by clone formation assay and by determining the correlation between its expression and prognosis of HCC patients. RESULTS We identified a novel MDM2 and p53 binding protein, MYL6B. It is a myosin light chain that could bind myosin II heavy chains to form non-muscle myosin II holoenzymes (NMII). We found that MYL6B could facilitate the binding of MDM2 to p53, which consequently promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 protein. We further proved that MYL6B exerts the suppression effect on p53 as part of NMII holoenzymes because inhibiting the ATPase activity of myosin II heavy chain largely blocked this effect. We also discovered that MYL6B is overexpressed in HCC tissues and linked to the bad prognosis of HCC patients. Knocking out of MYL6B dramatically suppressed the clonogenic ability and increased the apoptosis level of HCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS To summary, our results demonstrate that MYL6B is a putative tumor driver gene in HCC which could promote the degradation of p53 by enhancing its' MDM2-mediated ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Xie
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Weijia Liao
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Ran Fei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Xu Cong
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Hongsong Chen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Disease, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Zou Y, Dong Y, Meng Q, Zhao Y, Li N. Incorporation of a skeletal muscle-specific enhancer in the regulatory region of Igf1 upregulates IGF1 expression and induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2781. [PMID: 29426944 PMCID: PMC5807547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we upregulated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) expression specifically in skeletal muscle by engineering an enhancer into its non-coding regions and verified the expected phenotype in a mouse model. To select an appropriate site for introducing a skeletal muscle-specific myosin light chain (MLC) enhancer, three candidate sites that exhibited the least evolutionary conservation were chosen and validated in C2C12 single-cell colonies harbouring the MLC enhancer at each site. IGF1 was dramatically upregulated in only the site 2 single-cell colony series, and it exhibited functional activity leading to the formation of extra myotubes. Therefore, we chose site 2 to generate a genetically modified (GM) mouse model with the MLC enhancer incorporated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The GM mice exhibited dramatically elevated IGF1 levels, which stimulated downstream pathways in skeletal muscle. Female GM mice exhibited more conspicuous muscle hypertrophy than male GM mice. The GM mice possessed similar circulating IGF1 levels and tibia length as their WT littermates; they also did not exhibit heart abnormalities. Our findings demonstrate that genetically modifying a non-coding region is a feasible method to upregulate gene expression and obtain animals with desirable traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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Sánchez-Iranzo H, Galardi-Castilla M, Minguillón C, Sanz-Morejón A, González-Rosa JM, Felker A, Ernst A, Guzmán-Martínez G, Mosimann C, Mercader N. Tbx5a lineage tracing shows cardiomyocyte plasticity during zebrafish heart regeneration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:428. [PMID: 29382818 PMCID: PMC5789846 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, mesodermal progenitors from the first heart field (FHF) form a primitive cardiac tube, to which progenitors from the second heart field (SHF) are added. The contribution of FHF and SHF progenitors to the adult zebrafish heart has not been studied to date. Here we find, using genetic tbx5a lineage tracing tools, that the ventricular myocardium in the adult zebrafish is mainly derived from tbx5a+ cells, with a small contribution from tbx5a- SHF progenitors. Notably, ablation of ventricular tbx5a+-derived cardiomyocytes in the embryo is compensated by expansion of SHF-derived cells. In the adult, tbx5a expression is restricted to the trabeculae and excluded from the outer cortical layer. tbx5a-lineage tracing revealed that trabecular cardiomyocytes can switch their fate and differentiate into cortical myocardium during adult heart regeneration. We conclude that a high degree of cardiomyocyte cell fate plasticity contributes to efficient regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Sánchez-Iranzo
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Galardi-Castilla
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Minguillón
- CSIC-Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona Parc Científic de Barcelona C/ Baldiri i Reixac, 10 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonabeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Sanz-Morejón
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland
| | - Juan Manuel González-Rosa
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anastasia Felker
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ernst
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Mosimann
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Development of the Epicardium and Its Role during Regeneration Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC-ISCIII), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland.
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Viktorinová I, Henry I, Tomancak P. Epithelial rotation is preceded by planar symmetry breaking of actomyosin and protects epithelial tissue from cell deformations. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007107. [PMID: 29176774 PMCID: PMC5720821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Symmetry breaking is involved in many developmental processes that form bodies and organs. One of them is the epithelial rotation of developing tubular and acinar organs. However, how epithelial cells move, how they break symmetry to define their common direction, and what function rotational epithelial motions have remains elusive. Here, we identify a dynamic actomyosin network that breaks symmetry at the basal surface of the Drosophila follicle epithelium of acinar-like primitive organs, called egg chambers, and may represent a candidate force-generation mechanism that underlies the unidirectional motion of this epithelial tissue. We provide evidence that the atypical cadherin Fat2, a key planar cell polarity regulator in Drosophila oogenesis, directs and orchestrates transmission of the intracellular actomyosin asymmetry cue onto a tissue plane in order to break planar actomyosin symmetry, facilitate epithelial rotation in the opposite direction, and direct the elongation of follicle cells. In contrast, loss of this rotational motion results in anisotropic non-muscle Myosin II pulses that are disorganized in plane and causes cell deformations in the epithelial tissue of Drosophila eggs. Our work demonstrates that atypical cadherins play an important role in the control of symmetry breaking of cellular mechanics in order to facilitate tissue motion and model epithelial tissue. We propose that their functions may be evolutionarily conserved in tubular/acinar vertebrate organs. Movement of epithelial tissues is essential for organ and body formation as well as function. To facilitate epithelial movements, cells need an internal or external source of mechanical force and a collective decision in which direction to move. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of collective cell movement in living and moving epithelial tissues. Using high-speed confocal imaging of rotating follicle epithelia in acinar-like Drosophila egg chambers, we find that individual cells polarize their actomyosin network, a potent force-generating source, at their basal surface. We show that the atypical cadherin Fat2, a key regulator of planar cell polarity in Drosophila oogenesis, unifies and amplifies the polarized non-muscle Myosin II of individual follicle cells to break the symmetry of actomyosin contractility at the epithelial level. We propose that this is essential to facilitate epithelial rotation, and thereby directed cell elongation, at the basal surface of follicle cells. In contrast, a lack of unidirectional actomyosin contractility results in disrupted non-muscle Myosin II polarity within follicle cells and causes asynchronous Myosin II pulses that deform follicle cells. This demonstrates the critical function of Fat2, in the planar symmetry breaking of actomyosin, in epithelial motility, and potentially in organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Viktorinová
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian Henry
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pavel Tomancak
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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Yamauchi K, Li J, Morikawa K, Liu L, Shirayoshi Y, Nakatsuji N, Elliott DA, Hisatome I, Suemori H. Isolation and characterization of ventricular-like cells derived from NKX2-5 eGFP/w and MLC2v mCherry/w double knock-in human pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1278-1284. [PMID: 29175323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) are a promising source for cell transplantation into the damaged heart, which has limited regenerative ability. Many methods have been developed to obtain large amounts of functional CMs from hPSCs for therapeutic applications. However, during the differentiation process, a mixed population of various cardiac cells, including ventricular, atrial, and pacemaker cells, is generated, which hampers the proper functional analysis and evaluation of cell properties. Here, we established NKX2-5eGFP/w and MLC2vmCherry/w hPSC double knock-ins that allow for labeling, tracing, purification, and analysis of the development of ventricular cells from early to late stages. As with the endogenous transcriptional activities of these genes, MLC2v-mCherry expression following NKX2-5-eGFP expression was observed under previously established culture conditions, which mimic the in vivo cardiac developmental process. Patch-clamp and microelectrode array electrophysiological analyses showed that the NKX2-5 and MLC2v double-positive cells possess ventricular-like properties. The results demonstrate that the NKX2-5eGFP/w and MLC2vmCherry/w hPSCs provide a powerful model system to capture region-specific cardiac differentiation from early to late stages. Our study would facilitate subtype-specific cardiac development and functional analysis using the hPSC-derived sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shirayoshi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Developmental Epigenome, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The RoyalChildren's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ichiro Hisatome
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8504, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Suemori
- Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Janikowska G, Żebrowska A, Kochańska-Dziurowicz A, Mazurek U. Differences in echocardiography, blood pressure, stroke volume, maximal power and profile of genes related to cardiac hypertrophy in elite road cyclists. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2017; 26:999-1004. [PMID: 29068603 DOI: 10.17219/acem/63031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular and moderate exercise is beneficial for improving the efficiency of the heart, but high-intensity physical activity may result in cardiac changes. OBJECTIVES This study focuses on the identification of the differences in echocardiography and blood variables before exercise, as well as the genes associated with cardiac hypertrophy at rest and in response to graded exercise test. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group was made up of 28 road cyclists. Echocardiographic parameters and blood pressure were measured before exercise tests (N = 28). Blood samples were collected at rest, at maximal exercise intensity in a graded bicycle test and after 15 min of recovery; afterwards, blood morphology was estimated and RNA was isolated. Analysis of the expression profile of genes was performed for randomly selected road cyclists using the microarray method. RESULTS Echocardiographic results and blood parameters divided cyclists into two groups: with and without left ventricular hypertrophy (N = 14). Differences in the structure and function of the left ventricle cyclists with a similar level of training were observed (p < 0.05). Diastolic blood pressure and resting heart rate were significantly lower in subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy (p < 0.05). The myosin light chain 9 and interleukin-6 signal transducer gene expression were differentially regulated in cyclists with left ventricular hypertrophy compared to athletes with normal heart dimensions in response to intensive exercise. CONCLUSIONS We have found differences in echocardiography parameters, blood pressure, stroke volume and maximal power in the cyclists examined. These studies indicate the benefits of the recommended echocardiography measurements for professional endurance-athletes. The graded exercise altered the myosin light chain 9 and interleukin-6 signal transducer gene expression in the peripheral blood of road cyclists has also been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Janikowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Żebrowska
- Department of Physiology, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kochańska-Dziurowicz
- Department of Isotope Diagnostic and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Health Care, Silesian Medical College, Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Mazurek
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Yuan CC, Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Kanashiro-Takeuchi R, Irving TC, Gomes AV, Wang Y, Burghardt TP, Szczesna-Cordary D. Hypercontractile mutant of ventricular myosin essential light chain leads to disruption of sarcomeric structure and function and results in restrictive cardiomyopathy in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:1124-1136. [PMID: 28371863 PMCID: PMC5852631 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The E143K (Glu → Lys) mutation in the myosin essential light chain has been associated with restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) in humans, but the mechanisms that underlie the development of defective cardiac function are unknown. Using transgenic E143K-RCM mice, we sought to determine the molecular and cellular triggers of E143K-induced heart remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS The E143K-induced abnormalities in cardiac function and morphology observed by echocardiography and invasive haemodynamics were paralleled by augmented active and passive tension measured in skinned papillary muscle fibres compared with wild-type (WT)-generated force. In vitro, E143K-myosin had increased duty ratio and binding affinity to actin compared with WT-myosin, increased actin-activated ATPase activity and slower rates of ATP-dependent dissociation of the acto-myosin complex, indicating an E143K-induced myosin hypercontractility. E143K was also observed to reduce the level of myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation while that of troponin-I remained unchanged. Small-angle X-ray diffraction data showed a decrease in the filament lattice spacing (d1,0) with no changes in the equatorial reflections intensity ratios (I1,1/I1,0) in E143K vs. WT skinned papillary muscles. The hearts of mutant-mice demonstrated ultrastructural defects and fibrosis that progressively worsened in senescent animals and these changes were hypothesized to contribute to diastolic disturbance and to mild systolic dysfunction. Gene expression profiles of E143K-hearts supported the histopathology results and showed an upregulation of stress-response and collagen genes. Finally, proteomic analysis evidenced RCM-dependent metabolic adaptations and higher energy demands in E143K vs. WT hearts. CONCLUSIONS As a result of the E143K-induced myosin hypercontractility, the hearts of RCM mice model exhibited cardiac dysfunction, stiff ventricles and physiological, morphologic, and metabolic remodelling consistent with the development of RCM. Future efforts should be directed toward normalization of myosin motor function and the use of myosin-specific therapeutics to avert the hypercontractile state of E143K-myosin and prevent pathological cardiac remodelling.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/metabolism
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/physiopathology
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosis
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Myocardial Contraction/genetics
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/ultrastructure
- Myosin Light Chains/genetics
- Myosin Light Chains/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Sarcomeres/ultrastructure
- Ventricular Function, Left/genetics
- Ventricular Myosins/genetics
- Ventricular Myosins/metabolism
- Ventricular Remodeling/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ching Yuan
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Thomas P. Burghardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Burghardt TP, Sun X, Wang Y, Ajtai K. Auxotonic to isometric contraction transitioning in a beating heart causes myosin step-size to down shift. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174690. [PMID: 28423017 PMCID: PMC5396871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin motors in cardiac ventriculum convert ATP free energy to the work of moving blood volume under pressure. The actin bound motor cyclically rotates its lever-arm/light-chain complex linking motor generated torque to the myosin filament backbone and translating actin against resisting force. Previous research showed that the unloaded in vitro motor is described with high precision by single molecule mechanical characteristics including unitary step-sizes of approximately 3, 5, and 8 nm and their relative step-frequencies of approximately 13, 50, and 37%. The 3 and 8 nm unitary step-sizes are dependent on myosin essential light chain (ELC) N-terminus actin binding. Step-size and step-frequency quantitation specifies in vitro motor function including duty-ratio, power, and strain sensitivity metrics. In vivo, motors integrated into the muscle sarcomere form the more complex and hierarchically functioning muscle machine. The goal of the research reported here is to measure single myosin step-size and step-frequency in vivo to assess how tissue integration impacts motor function. A photoactivatable GFP tags the ventriculum myosin lever-arm/light-chain complex in the beating heart of a live zebrafish embryo. Detected single GFP emission reports time-resolved myosin lever-arm orientation interpreted as step-size and step-frequency providing single myosin mechanical characteristics over the active cycle. Following step-frequency of cardiac ventriculum myosin transitioning from low to high force in relaxed to auxotonic to isometric contraction phases indicates that the imposition of resisting force during contraction causes the motor to down-shift to the 3 nm step-size accounting for >80% of all the steps in the near-isometric phase. At peak force, the ATP initiated actomyosin dissociation is the predominant strain inhibited transition in the native myosin contraction cycle. The proposed model for motor down-shifting and strain sensing involves ELC N-terminus actin binding. Overall, the approach is a unique bottom-up single molecule mechanical characterization of a hierarchically functional native muscle myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Burghardt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Katalin Ajtai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Eom SY, Hwang MS, Lim JA, Choi BS, Kwon HJ, Park JD, Kim YD, Kim H. Exome-wide association study identifies genetic polymorphisms of C12orf51, MYL2, and ALDH2 associated with blood lead levels in the general Korean population. Environ Health 2017; 16:11. [PMID: 28212632 PMCID: PMC5316181 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous toxic metal present in the environment that poses adverse health effects to humans. Inter-individual variation in blood Pb levels is affected by various factors, including genetic makeup. However, limited data are available on the association between genetic variation and blood Pb levels. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic markers associated with blood Pb levels in the Korean population. METHODS The study subjects consisted of 1,483 healthy adults with no history of occupational exposure to Pb. We measured blood Pb levels and calculated probable daily intake of Pb according to dietary data collected using 24-hour recall. We conducted exome-wide association screening using Illumina Human Exome-12v1.2 platform (n = 500) and a replication analysis using VeraCode Goldengate assay (n = 1,483). RESULTS Among the 244,770 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tested, 12 SNPs associated with blood Pb level were identified, with suggestive significance level (P < 1 × 10-4). In the Goldengate assay for replication, three SNPs (C12orf51 rs11066280, MYL2 rs12229654, and ALDH2 rs671) were associated with statistically suggestively significant differences in blood Pb levels. When stratified by drinking status, a potential association of C12orf51 rs11066280, MYL2 rs12229654, and ALDH2 rs671 with blood Pb level was observed only in drinkers. A marginally significant gene-environment interaction between ALDH2 rs671 and alcohol consumption was observed in relation to blood Pb levels. The effects of the three suggestively significant SNPs on blood Pb levels was dependent on daily calcium intake amounts. CONCLUSIONS This exome-wide association study indicated that C12orf51 rs11066280, MYL2 rs12229654, and ALDH2 rs671 polymorphisms are linked to blood Pb levels in the Korean population. Our results suggest that these three SNPs are involved in the determination of Pb levels in Koreans via the regulation of alcohol drinking behavior, and that their negative effects may be compensated by appropriate calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Eom
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Korea
| | - Myung Sil Hwang
- Food Risk Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-Ro, Heungdeok-Gu, Cheongju 28159 Korea
| | - Ji-Ae Lim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, 119 Dandae-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, 119 Dandae-Ro, Dongnam-Gu, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116 Korea
| | - Jung-Duck Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-Ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul, 06974 Korea
| | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-Ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Korea
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van Velzen HG, Vriesendorp PA, Oldenburg RA, van Slegtenhorst MA, van der Velden J, Schinkel AFL, Michels M. Value of Genetic Testing for the Prediction of Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 2016; 118:881-887. [PMID: 27476098 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic gene mutations are found in about 50% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC). Previous studies have shown an association between sarcomere mutations and medium-term outcome. The association with long-term outcome has not been described. The aim of this cohort study was to assess the long-term outcomes of patients with genotype positive (G+) and genotype negative (G-) HC. The study population consisted of 626 patients with HC (512 probands and 114 relatives) who underwent phenotyping and genetic testing from 1985 to 2014. End points were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) mortality, heart failure (HF)-related mortality, and sudden cardiac death/aborted sudden cardiac death (SCD/aborted SCD). Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. A pathogenic mutation was detected in 327 patients (52%). G+ probands were younger than G- probands (46 ± 15 vs 55 ± 15 years, p <0.001), had more non sustained ventricular tachycardia (34% vs 13%; p <0.001), more often a history of syncope (14% vs 7%; p = 0.016), and more extreme hypertrophy (maximal wall thickness ≥30 mm, 7% vs 1%; p <0.001). G- probands were more symptomatic (New York Heart Association ≥II, 73% vs 53%, p <0.001) and had higher left ventricular outflow tract gradients (42 ± 39 vs 29 ± 33 mm Hg, p = 0.001). During 12 ± 9 years of follow-up, G+ status was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.15; p = 0.014), CV mortality (HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.49 to 5.36; p = 0.002), HF-related mortality (HR 6.33, 95% CI 1.79 to 22.41; p = 0.004), and SCD/aborted SCD (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.23 to 6.71; p = 0.015). In conclusion, during long-term follow-up, patients with G+ HC are at increased risk of all-cause death, CV death, HF-related death, and SCD/aborted SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G van Velzen
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Pieter A Vriesendorp
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier A Oldenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arend F L Schinkel
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Michels
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Nogara L, Naber N, Pate E, Canton M, Reggiani C, Cooke R. Spectroscopic Studies of the Super Relaxed State of Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160100. [PMID: 27479128 PMCID: PMC4968846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the super-relaxed state of myosin, ATPase activity is strongly inhibited by binding of the myosin heads to the core of the thick filament in a structure known as the interacting-heads motif. In the disordered relaxed state myosin heads are not bound to the core of the thick filament and have an ATPase rate that is 10 fold greater. In the interacting-heads motif the two regulatory light chains appear to bind to each other. We have made single cysteine mutants of the regulatory light chain, placed both paramagnetic and fluorescent probes on them, and exchanged them into skinned skeletal muscle fibers. Many of the labeled light chains tended to disrupt the stability of the super-relaxed state, and showed spectral changes in the transition from the disordered relaxed state to the super-relaxed state. These data support the putative interface between the two regulatory light chains identified by cryo electron microscopy and show that both the divalent cation bound to the regulatory light chain and the N-terminus of the regulatory light chain play a role in the stability of the super-relaxed state. One probe showed a shift to shorter wavelengths in the super-relaxed state such that a ratio of intensities at 440nm to that at 520nm provided a measure of the population of the super-relaxed state amenable for high throughput screens for finding potential pharmaceuticals. The results provide a proof of concept that small molecules that bind to this region can destabilize the super-relaxed state and provide a method to search for small molecules that do so leading to a potentially effective treatment for Type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Nogara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Padua, Padua Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Nariman Naber
- Department of Biochemistry/Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Edward Pate
- Voiland School of Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marcella Canton
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Padua, Padua Italy
| | - Roger Cooke
- Department of Biochemistry/Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Huang W, Kazmierczak K, Zhou Z, Aguiar-Pulido V, Narasimhan G, Szczesna-Cordary D. Gene expression patterns in transgenic mouse models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in myosin regulatory light chain. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 601:121-32. [PMID: 26906074 PMCID: PMC5370580 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using microarray and bioinformatics, we examined the gene expression profiles in transgenic mouse hearts expressing mutations in the myosin regulatory light chain shown to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We focused on two malignant RLC-mutations, Arginine 58→Glutamine (R58Q) and Aspartic Acid 166 → Valine (D166V), and one benign, Lysine 104 → Glutamic Acid (K104E)-mutation. Datasets of differentially expressed genes for each of three mutants were compared to those observed in wild-type (WT) hearts. The changes in the mutant vs. WT samples were shown as fold-change (FC), with stringency FC ≥ 2. Based on the gene profiles, we have identified the major signaling pathways that underlie the R58Q-, D166V- and K104E-HCM phenotypes. The correlations between different genotypes were also studied using network-based algorithms. Genes with strong correlations were clustered into one group and the central gene networks were identified for each HCM mutant. The overall gene expression patterns in all mutants were distinct from the WT profiles. Both malignant mutations shared certain classes of genes that were up or downregulated, but most similarities were noted between D166V and K104E mice, with R58Q hearts showing a distinct gene expression pattern. Our data suggest that all three HCM mice lead to cardiomyopathy in a mutation-specific manner and thus develop HCM through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Zhang Y, Kawamichi H, Kohama K, Nakamura A. Calcium-mediated regulation of recombinant hybrids of full-length Physarum myosin heavy chain with Physarum/scallop myosin light chains. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:536-43. [PMID: 27125976 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Physarum myosin is a Ca(2+)-binding protein and its activity is inhibited by Ca(2+) In the present study, to clarify the light chains (LCs) from the different species (Physarum and scallop) and to determine the specific Ca(2+)-regulated effects, we constructed hybrid myosins with a Physarum myosin heavy chain (Ph·HC) and Physarum and/or scallop myosin LCs, and examined Ca(2+)-mediated regulation of ATPases and motor activities. In these experiments, it was found that Ca(2+) inhibited motilities and ATPase activities of Physarum hybrid myosin with scallop regulatory light chain (ScRLC) and Physarum essential light chain (PhELC) but could not inhibit those of the Physarum hybrid myosin mutant Ph·HC/ScRLC/PhELC-3A which lacks Ca(2+)-binding ability, indicating that PhELC plays a critical role in Ca(2+)-mediated regulation of Physarum myosin. Furthermore, the effects of Ca(2+) on ATPase activities of Physarum myosin constructs are in the following order: Ph·HC/PhRLC/PhELC > Ph·HC/ScRLC/PhELC > Ph·HC/PhRLC/ScELC > Ph·HC/ScRLC/ScELC, suggesting that the presence of PhRLC and PhELC leads to the greatest Ca(2+) sensitivity of Physarum myosin. Although we did not observe the motilities of Physarum hybrid myosin Ph·HC/PhRLC/ScELC and Ph·HC/ScRLC/ScELC, our results suggest that Ca(2+)-binding to the PhELC may alter the flexibility of the regulatory domain and induce a 'closed' state, which may consequently prevent full activity and force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Medical Bioregulation, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hozumi Kawamichi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kohama
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Akio Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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