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Crouch EE, Bhaduri A, Andrews MG, Cebrian-Silla A, Diafos LN, Birrueta JO, Wedderburn-Pugh K, Valenzuela EJ, Bennett NK, Eze UC, Sandoval-Espinosa C, Chen J, Mora C, Ross JM, Howard CE, Gonzalez-Granero S, Lozano JF, Vento M, Haeussler M, Paredes MF, Nakamura K, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Alvarez-Buylla A, Kriegstein AR, Huang EJ. Ensembles of endothelial and mural cells promote angiogenesis in prenatal human brain. Cell 2022; 185:3753-3769.e18. [PMID: 36179668 PMCID: PMC9550196 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between angiogenesis and neurogenesis regulate embryonic brain development. However, a comprehensive understanding of the stages of vascular cell maturation is lacking, especially in the prenatal human brain. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, single-cell transcriptomics, and histological and ultrastructural analyses, we show that an ensemble of endothelial and mural cell subtypes tile the brain vasculature during the second trimester. These vascular cells follow distinct developmental trajectories and utilize diverse signaling mechanisms, including collagen, laminin, and midkine, to facilitate cell-cell communication and maturation. Interestingly, our results reveal that tip cells, a subtype of endothelial cells, are highly enriched near the ventricular zone, the site of active neurogenesis. Consistent with these observations, prenatal vascular cells transplanted into cortical organoids exhibit restricted lineage potential that favors tip cells, promotes neurogenesis, and reduces cellular stress. Together, our results uncover important mechanisms into vascular maturation during this critical period of human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Crouch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Aparna Bhaduri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Madeline G Andrews
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arantxa Cebrian-Silla
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Loukas N Diafos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Janeth Ochoa Birrueta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kaylee Wedderburn-Pugh
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Edward J Valenzuela
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Neal K Bennett
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ugomma C Eze
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carmen Sandoval-Espinosa
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jiapei Chen
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cristina Mora
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jayden M Ross
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Clare E Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalez-Granero
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y 21 Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red 22 sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Ferrer Lozano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maximilian Haeussler
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Mercedes F Paredes
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Comparada, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y 21 Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red 22 sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arnold R Kriegstein
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Developmental & Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Pathology Service 113B, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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Dallinga MG, Habani YI, Schimmel AWM, Dallinga-Thie GM, van Noorden CJF, Klaassen I, Schlingemann RO. The Role of Heparan Sulfate and Neuropilin 2 in VEGFA Signaling in Human Endothelial Tip Cells and Non-Tip Cells during Angiogenesis In Vitro. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040926. [PMID: 33923753 PMCID: PMC8073389 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) regulates endothelial cell (EC) survival, tip cell formation, and stalk cell proliferation via VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). VEGFR2 can interact with VEGFR2 co-receptors such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) and neuropilin 2 (NRP2), but the exact roles of these co-receptors, or of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), an enzyme that removes sulfate groups from HSPGs and inhibits HSPG-mediated uptake of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), in angiogenesis and tip cell biology are unknown. In the present study, we investigated whether the modulation of binding of VEGFA to VEGFR2 by knockdown of SULF2 or NRP2 affects sprouting angiogenesis, tip cell formation, proliferation of non-tip cells, and EC survival, or uptake of VLDL. To this end, we employed VEGFA splice variant 121, which lacks an HSPG binding domain, and VEGFA splice variant 165, which does have this domain, in in vitro models of angiogenic tip cells and vascular sprouting. We conclude that VEGFA165 and VEGFA121 have similar inducing effects on tip cells and sprouting in vitro, and that the binding of VEGFA165 to HSPGs in the extracellular matrix does not seem to play a role, as knockdown of SULF2 did not alter these effects. Co-binding of NRP2 appears to regulate VEGFA–VEGFR2-induced sprout initiation, but not tip cell formation. Finally, as the addition of VLDL increased sprout formation but not tip cell formation, and as VLDL uptake was limited to non-tip cells, our findings suggest that VLDL plays a role in sprout formation by providing biomass for stalk cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marchien G. Dallinga
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
| | - Yasmin I. Habani
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
| | - Alinda W. M. Schimmel
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.W.M.S.); (G.M.D.-T.)
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga-Thie
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.W.M.S.); (G.M.D.-T.)
| | - Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Reinier O. Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.G.D.); (Y.I.H.); (C.J.F.v.N.); (R.O.S.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Avenue de France 15, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Gau D, Vignaud L, Allen A, Guo Z, Sahel J, Boone D, Koes D, Guillonneau X, Roy P. Disruption of profilin1 function suppresses developmental and pathological retinal neovascularization. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:9618-9629. [PMID: 32444495 PMCID: PMC7363146 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis-mediated neovascularization in the eye is usually associated with visual complications. Pathological angiogenesis is particularly prominent in the retina in the settings of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, in which it can lead to permanent loss of vision. In this study, by bioinformatics analyses, we provide evidence for elevated expression of actin-binding protein PFN1 (profilin1) in the retinal vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of individuals with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, findings further supported by gene expression analyses for PFN1 in experimentally induced abnormal retinal neovascularization in an oxygen-induced retinopathy murine model. We observed that in a conditional knockout mouse model, postnatal deletion of the Pfn1 gene in VECs leads to defects in tip cell activity (marked by impaired filopodial protrusions) and reduced vascular sprouting, resulting in hypovascularization during developmental angiogenesis in the retina. Consistent with these findings, an investigative small molecule compound targeting the PFN1-actin interaction reduced random motility, proliferation, and cord morphogenesis of retinal VECs in vitro and experimentally induced abnormal retinal neovascularization in vivo In summary, these findings provide the first direct in vivo evidence that PFN1 is required for formation of actin-based protrusive structures and developmental angiogenesis in the retina. The proof of concept of susceptibility of abnormal angiogenesis to small molecule intervention of PFN1-actin interaction reported here lays a conceptual foundation for targeting PFN1 as a possible strategy in angiogenesis-dependent retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gau
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucile Vignaud
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Abigail Allen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhijian Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jose Sahel
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Boone
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Koes
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Partha Roy
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Madfis N, Lin Z, Kumar A, Douglas SA, Platt MO, Fan Y, McCloskey KE. Co-Emergence of Specialized Endothelial Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:326-335. [PMID: 29320922 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-formed and robust vasculature is critical to the health of most organ systems in the body. However, the endothelial cells (ECs) forming the vasculature can exhibit a number of distinct functional subphenotypes like arterial or venous ECs, as well as angiogenic tip and stalk ECs. In this study, we investigate the in vitro differentiation of EC subphenotypes from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Using our staged induction methods and chemically defined mediums, highly angiogenic EC subpopulations, as well as less proliferative and less migratory EC subpopulations, are derived. Furthermore, the EC subphenotypes exhibit distinct surface markers, gene expression profiles, and positional affinities during sprouting. While both subpopulations contained greater than 80% VE-cad+/CD31+ cells, the tip/stalk-like EC contained predominantly Flt4+/Dll4+/CXCR4+/Flt-1- cells, while the phalanx-like EC was composed of higher numbers of Flt-1+ cells. These studies suggest that the tip-specific EC can be derived in vitro from stem cells as a distinct and relatively stable EC subphenotype without the benefit of its morphological positioning in the sprouting vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Madfis
- 1 Graduate Program in Quantitative and System Biology, University of California , Merced, Merced, California
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- 2 School of Biological Sciences and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ashwath Kumar
- 2 School of Biological Sciences and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Simone A Douglas
- 3 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Manu O Platt
- 3 Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuhong Fan
- 2 School of Biological Sciences and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kara E McCloskey
- 1 Graduate Program in Quantitative and System Biology, University of California , Merced, Merced, California.,4 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California , Merced, Merced, California
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