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Sen S, Chakraborty S, Sinha B, Biswas S, Dasgupta H. Anomalous palmer arch – A case report. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2015.07.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wilting KR, Stienstra Y, Sinha B, Braks M, Cornish D, Grundmann H. Louse-borne relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis) in asylum seekers from Eritrea, the Netherlands, July 2015. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20. [PMID: 26250069 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es2015.20.30.21196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two patients from Eritrea, recently arrived in the Netherlands, presented with fever and were investigated for malaria. Bloodfilms showed spirochetes but no blood parasites. Louse-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia recurrentis was diagnosed. Treatment was complicated by severe Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions in both patients. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of B. recurrentis infection in migrant populations who travel under crowded conditions, especially after passing through endemic areas such as Ethiopia and neighbouring countries.
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Orth H, Dreyer Z, Makgotlho E, Oosthuysen W, Sinha B, Wasserman E. Characterisation of staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia at Tygerberg hospital. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10158782.2013.11441515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sinha B, Vibha, Singla R, Chowdhury R. Allergic Rhinitis: A neglected disease - A community based assessment among adults in Delhi. J Postgrad Med 2015; 61:169-75. [PMID: 26119436 PMCID: PMC4943409 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.159418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Allergic Rhinitis is rather erroneously viewed as a trivial disease. It is important in that it can significantly affect quality of life. There is paucity of community based prevalence studies on the disease in India. This study was planned to assess the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in adults, the proportion of asthmatics among them, risk factors associated and treatment seeking behaviour among the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Mehrauli, South Delhi among 1200 adults, aged 30 years and over selected by systematic random sampling from two randomly selected wards. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect information regarding symptoms, risk factors and treatment seeking behaviour. Allergic Rhinitis was diagnosed as per ARIA guidelines. Spirometry was done to diagnose asthma among them. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to find the association of risk factors with disease. RESULTS The prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis was found to be 11% (132 subjects) and 33.3% (44 patients) among them also had asthma. Overcrowding (aOR = 6.4), absence of cross-ventilation (aOR = 2.5), occupational exposure to dust/ smoke (aOR = 2.1), tobacco smoking (aOR = 2.1), family history of allergic diseases (aOR = 2.7) and clinical allergy (aOR = 10.2) were found to be independent risk factors associated with Rhinitis. More patients of Rhinitis with asthma (75%) took treatment, relative to those without asthma (40%) who, mostly relied on home remedies (42%) or, did not seek any treatment (18%) (P = 0.031). Interpretations and Conclusion: The burden of Allergic Rhinitis is high with a considerable overlap with asthma. These allergic diseases and emphasize the importance of early and regular treatment.
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Wiegering A, Sinha B, Spor L, Klinge U, Steger U, Germer CT, Dietz UA. Gentamicin for prevention of intraoperative mesh contamination: demonstration of high bactericide effect (in vitro) and low systemic bioavailability (in vivo). Hernia 2014; 18:691-700. [PMID: 25112382 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-014-1293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesh infection is a severe complication after incisional hernia repair and occurs in 1-3 % of all open mesh implantations. For this reason, topical antimicrobial agent applied directly to the mesh is often used procedure. So far, however, this procedure lacks a scientific basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different meshes (Parietex™, Covidien; Ultrapro™, Ethicon Johnson & Johnson) were incubated with increasing amounts of three different Staphylococcus aureus strains (ATCC 25923; Mu50; ST239) with or without gentamicin and growth ability were determined in vitro. To further address the question of the systemic impact of topic gentamicin, serum levels were analyzed 6 and 24 h after implantation of gentamicin-impregnated multifilament meshes in 19 patients. RESULTS None of the gentamicin-impregnated meshes showed any bacterial growth in vitro. This effect was independent of the mesh type for all the tested S. aureus strains. In the clinical setting, serum gentamicin levels 6 h after implantation of the gentamicin-impregnated meshes were below the through-level (range 0.4-2.9 mg/l, mean 1.2 ± 0.7 mg/l). After 24 h the gentamicin serum levels in all patients had declined 90-65 % of the 6 h values. CONCLUSION Local application of gentamicin to meshes can completely prevent the growth of even gentamicin-resistant S. aureus strains in vitro. The systemic relevance of gentamicin in the clinical controls showed to be very low, without reaching therapeutic concentrations.
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Oosthuysen WF, Orth H, Lombard C, Sinha B, Wasserman E. In vitro characterization of representative clinical South African Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clonal lineages. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:115-22. [PMID: 25356356 PMCID: PMC4184580 DOI: 10.1002/nmi2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Data concerning the virulence and pathogenesis of South African strains of Staphylococcus aureus are limited. We investigated host–pathogen interactions of randomly selected clinical S. aureus isolates representing various clones. We characterized the ability of isolates to adhere to fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagens IV and VI, to invade host cells and to induce cell death in vitro. We analysed the possible association of these results with characteristics such as methicillin resistance, Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) positivity and clonality. The S. aureus isolates displayed diversity in their abilities to adhere to various human ligands. All isolates were highly invasive except for ST121. PVL-negative isolates were significantly more invasive than the PVL-positive isolates (p 0.004). Isolates of CC5, CC30 and CC121 were non-cytotoxic, whereas isolates of CC22, CC8, CC15, CC45 and CC88 were very cytotoxic. No statistical association was identified between cell death and methicillin resistance, bacterial PVL status, clonality or patient HIV status. The vast majority of isolates were invasive and induced significant cell death. PVL-negative isolates were more invasive than PVL-positive isolates, while methicillin-resistant isolates were not found to be more invasive or cytotoxic than methicillin-susceptible isolates.
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Sinha B. Non-empirical Validation of Indigenous Rodent Control Methods Practiced in Northeastern India. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2014. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2014/v80i2/55104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sinha B. Antimicrobial stewardship: Limits for implementation. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Sinha B, Ramulu TS, Kim KW, Venu R, Lee JJ, Kim CG. Planar Hall magnetoresistive aptasensor for thrombin detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 59:140-4. [PMID: 24727201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of aptamer-based assays is an emerging and attractive approach in disease research and clinical diagnostics. A sensitive aptamer-based sandwich-type sensor is presented to detect human thrombin using a planar Hall magnetoresistive (PHR) sensor in cooperation with superparamagnetic labels. A PHR sensor has the great advantages of a high signal-to-noise ratio, a small offset voltage and linear response in the low-field region, allowing it to act as a high-resolution biosensor. In the system presented here, the sensor has an active area of 50 µm × 50 µm with a 10-nm gold layer deposited onto the sensor surface prior to the binding of thiolated DNA primary aptamer. A polydimethylsiloxane well of 600-µm radius and 1-mm height was prepared around the sensor surface to maintain the same specific area and volume for each sensor. The sensor response was traced in real time upon the addition of streptavidin-functionalized magnetic labels on the sensor. A linear response to the thrombin concentration in the range of 86 pM-8.6 µM and a lower detection limit down to 86 pM was achieved by the proposed present method with a sample volume consumption of 2 µl. The proposed aptasensor has a strong potential for application in clinical diagnosis.
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Sinha B, Dey GC, Sarkar B, Roy A, Ng SW, Tiekink ERT. Poly[(μ3-3,5-di-nitro-benzoato-κ(3) O (1):O (1'):O (3))(μ2-hydroxido-κ(2) O:O)copper(II)]. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:m112-3. [PMID: 24764942 PMCID: PMC3998500 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814004280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The title complex, [Cu{μ3-O2CC6H3(NO2)2-3,5}(μ-OH)]n, features zigzag chains in which successive pairs of CuII atoms are connected by OH bridges and bidentate carboxylate ligands, leading to six-membered Cu(O)(OCO)Cu rings. The zigzag chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by Cu—O(nitro) bonds. The coordination geometry of the CuII atom is square-pyramidal, with the axial position occupied by the nitro O atom, which forms the longer Cu—O bond. Bifurcated hydroxy–nitro O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds contribute to the stability of the crystal structure.
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Sahoo M, Marbaniang M, Sinha B, Sharan R. Fenton and Fenton-like processes for the mineralization of Ponceau S in aqueous solution: Assessment of eco-toxicological effect of post treated solutions. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chatterjee D, Gupta V, Sharma V, Sinha B, Samanta S. A reliable and cost effective approach for radiographic monitoring in nutritional rickets. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130648. [PMID: 24593231 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Radiological scoring is particularly useful in rickets, where pre-treatment radiographical findings can reflect the disease severity and can be used to monitor the improvement. However, there is only a single radiographic scoring system for rickets developed by Thacher and, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated radiographic changes in rickets based on this scoring system apart from the one done by Thacher himself. The main objective of this study is to compare and analyse the pre-treatment and post-treatment radiographic parameters in nutritional rickets with the help of Thacher's scoring technique. METHODS 176 patients with nutritional rickets were given a single intramuscular injection of vitamin D (600 000 IU) along with oral calcium (50 mg kg(-1)) and vitamin D (400 IU per day) until radiological resolution and followed for 1 year. Pre- and post-treatment radiological parameters were compared and analysed statistically based on Thacher's scoring system. RESULTS Radiological resolution was complete by 6 months. Time for radiological resolution and initial radiological score were linearly associated on regression analysis. The distal ulna was the last to heal in most cases except when the initial score was 10, when distal femur was the last to heal. CONCLUSION Thacher's scoring system can effectively monitor nutritional rickets. The formula derived through linear regression has prognostic significance. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The distal femur is a better indicator in radiologically severe rickets and when resolution is delayed. Thacher's scoring is very useful for monitoring of rickets. The formula derived through linear regression can predict the expected time for radiological resolution.
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Oosthuysen WF, Orth H, Lombard CJ, Sinha B, Wasserman E. Population structure analyses of Staphylococcus aureus at Tygerberg Hospital, South Africa, reveals a diverse population, a high prevalence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes, and unique local methicillin-resistant S. aureus clones. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:652-9. [PMID: 24206111 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies reporting on the population structure of Staphylococcus aureus in South Africa have focused only on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study describes the population structure of S. aureus, including methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolated from patients at Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Western Cape province. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), spa typing, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr typing and SCCmec typing were used to characterize strains. Of 367 non-repetitive S. aureus isolates collected over a period of 1 year, 56 (15.3%) were MRSA. Skin and soft tissue infections were the most frequent source (54.8%), followed by bone and joint (15.3%) and respiratory tract infections (7.7%). For strain typing, PFGE was the most discriminative method, and resulted in 31 pulsotypes (n = 345, 94.0%), as compared with 16 spa clonal complexes (CCs) (n = 344, 93.4%). Four MLST CCs were identified after eBURST of sequence types (STs) of selected isolates. One hundred and sixty isolates (MSSA, n = 155, 42.2%) were PVL-positive, and agr types I-IV and SCCmec types I-V were identified. Our S. aureus population consisted of genotypically diverse strains, with PVL being a common characteristic of MSSA. MSSA and MRSA isolates clustered in different clones. However, the dominant MRSA clone (ST612) also contained an MSSA isolate, and had a unique genotype. Common global epidemic MRSA clones, such as ST239-MRSA-III and ST36-MRSA-II, were identified. A local clone, ST612-MRSA-IV, was found to be the dominant MRSA clone.
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Sinha B, Müller RH, Möschwitzer JP. Systematic investigation of the cavi-precipitation process for the production of ibuprofen nanocrystals. Int J Pharm 2013; 458:315-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sinha B, Müller RH, Möschwitzer JP. Bottom-up approaches for preparing drug nanocrystals: Formulations and factors affecting particle size. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:126-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Harris E, Sinha B, van Pinxteren D, Tilgner A, Fomba KW, Schneider J, Roth A, Gnauk T, Fahlbusch B, Mertes S, Lee T, Collett J, Foley S, Borrmann S, Hoppe P, Herrmann H. Enhanced Role of Transition Metal Ion Catalysis During In-Cloud Oxidation of SO2. Science 2013; 340:727-30. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1230911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Kaasch AJ, Rieg S, Kuetscher J, Brodt HR, Widmann T, Herrmann M, Meyer C, Welte T, Kern P, Haars U, Reuter S, Hübner I, Strauss R, Sinha B, Brunkhorst FM, Hellmich M, Fätkenheuer G, Kern WV, Seifert H. Delay in the administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: a prospective multicenter hospital-based cohort study. Infection 2013; 41:979-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramulu T, Venu R, Sinha B, Lim B, Jeon S, Yoon S, Kim C. Nanowires array modified electrode for enhanced electrochemical detection of nucleic acid. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 40:258-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ma H, Sinha B, Pandya R, Lin N, Popp A, Li J, Yao J, Wang X. Therapeutic Hypothermia as a Neuroprotective Strategy in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury and Traumatic Brain Injury. Curr Mol Med 2012; 12:1282-96. [DOI: 10.2174/156652412803833517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sinha B, Mukherjee B, Pattnaik G. Poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles containing voriconazole for pulmonary delivery: in vitro and in vivo study. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 9:94-104. [PMID: 22633899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles (207-605 nm) containing voriconazole (VNPs) were developed using a multiple-emulsification technique and were also made porous during preparation in presence of an effervescent mixture for improved pulmonary delivery. Pulmonary deposition of the particles was studied using a customized inhalation chamber. VNPs had a maximum of 30% (w/w) drug loading and a zeta potential (ZP) value around -20 mV. In the initial 2 hours, 20% of the drug was released from VNPs, followed by sustained release for 15 days. Porous particles had a lower mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) than nonporous particles. Porous particles produced the highest initial drug deposition (~120 μg/g of tissue). The drug was detectable in lungs until 7 days and 5 days after administration, for porous and nonporous particles, respectively. VNPs with improved drug loading were successfully delivered to murine lungs. Porous nanoparticles with lower MMADs showed better pulmonary deposition and sustained presence in lungs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR In this paper, voriconazole-containing porous nanoparticles were studied for inhalational delivery to lung infections in a murine model, demonstrating prolonged half-life and improved pulmonary deposition.
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Pattnaik G, Sinha B, Mukherjee B, Ghosh S, Basak S, Mondal S, Bera T. Submicron-size biodegradable polymer-based didanosine particles for treating HIV at early stage: anin vitrostudy. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:666-76. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2012.680509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sommer SP, Sommer S, Sinha B, Aleksic I, Leistner M, Schimmer C, Wurdak B, Leyh RG. Dimethylsulfoxide-preconditioning ameliorates pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Sinha B, Giles RWHG, Pathak S. Idiopathic, asymptomatic fetomaternal haemorrhage causing fetal death. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2011; 32:95-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.626088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sinha B, Dan A, Wongkamlue A, Chanakul A, Charinpanitkul T, Moulik S, Panda A. Synthesis and characterization of dispersions of ZnCrO4 prepared in AOT stabilized water/heptane microemulsion. J Mol Liq 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sinha B, Mukherjee B. Development of an inhalation chamber and a dry powder inhaler device for administration of pulmonary medication in animal model. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:171-9. [PMID: 21721851 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.592532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pulmonary route of administration is becoming more popular for drug delivery in pulmonary tract and lungs for local and systemic actions. OBJECTIVE A dry powder inhaler (DPI) for delivery of dry powder and a nose-only inhalation chamber for small animals that can be used with nebuliser/DPI were designed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhalation chamber was made with a polypropylene-rectangular box and centrifuge tubes. DPI was made of a polypropylene tube. Micronized voriconazole and voriconazole solution were used for DPI and nebulizer, respectively, for both in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS In vitro drug deposition from nebulizer was found to be 11-26% w/w and that from DPI was 42 to 57% w/w depending on experimental set up. Uniform deposition across all the inhalation ports was observed irrespective of the methods. Respirable fraction (RF) varied from 34 to 73% in case of nebulizer and from 47 to 54% in case of DPI. In vivo deposition of voriconazole in lungs was found to be 80-130 µg/g of lung tissue in case of DPI and 40-68 µg/g of lung tissue in case of using nebulizer. DISCUSSION DPI designed was efficient in fluidizing powder bed and dispensing dry powder for inhalation. The inhalation chamber designed was efficient in uniformly distributing drug in various inhalation ports of the chamber. CONCLUSIONS The DPI and inhalation chamber designed can be successfully used for inhalation study with multiple animals especially mice.
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