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Strehlow AL, Bremer W, Fronia N, Goldbeck A, Ellemunter H, Schwarz C, Smaczny C, Stähle B, Schlangen M. ePS5.06 Assessment of patient satisfaction as a means of quality development and patient participation in German cystic fibrosis centres. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grehn C, Eschenhagen P, Temming S, Düesberg U, Neumann K, Schwarz C. P051 Urban life as risk factor for aspergillosis. J Cyst Fibros 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(20)30387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Anthony H, Tabak R, Morshed AB, Schwarz C, Phad A, Haire-Joshu D. Awareness and accuracy of height and weight among mothers and their preschool-aged children. Public Health 2020; 182:151-154. [PMID: 32320905 PMCID: PMC7265393 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A constant challenge in addressing the issue of obesity is the validity and reliability of self-reported measurements to calculate body mass index, that assesses the prevalence of obesity in a population. The objective of this study is to analyze both awareness and accuracy of mothers who are overweight or obese, in reporting their own and their child's height and weight measurements. STUDY DESIGN cross-sectional study. METHODS In this study, mothers were asked over phone to self-report height and weight for them and their child. This was followed by objective measurement of maternal and child height and weight by study staff in a clinical setting. The descriptive and statistical analysis of the data obtained were carried out using SAS software. RESULTS 1) The mean weight of mothers who inaccurately self-reported their weight was 9.5 kg greater than the mean weight of those who reported accurately (P < 0.001). (2) Despite being aware of, and reporting their own measurements, 50% (n = 116) of mothers reported not knowing their child's height and 23% (n = 54) of them reported not knowing their child's weight. CONCLUSION Strategies to tackle both maternal awareness and accuracy of child's measurements can help with early identification of child's obesity risk and prevention of long-term consequences.
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Bhattacharjee A, Kajal DS, Patrono A, Li Hegner Y, Zampini M, Schwarz C, Braun C. A Tactile Virtual Reality for the Study of Active Somatosensation. Front Integr Neurosci 2020; 14:5. [PMID: 32132905 PMCID: PMC7040627 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural exploration of textures involves active sensing, i.e., voluntary movements of tactile sensors (e.g., human fingertips or rodent whiskers) across a target surface. Somatosensory input during moving tactile sensors varies according to both the movement and the surface texture. Combining motor and sensory information, the brain is capable of extracting textural features of the explored surface. Despite the ecological relevance of active sensing, psychophysical studies on active touch are largely missing. One reason for the lack of informative studies investigating active touch is the considerable challenge of assembling an appropriate experimental setup. A possible solution might be in the realm of virtual tactile reality that provides tactile finger stimulation depending on the position of the hand and the simulated texture of a target surface. In addition to rigorous behavioral studies, the investigation of the neuronal mechanisms of active tactile sensing in humans is highly warranted, requiring neurophysiological experiments using electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and/or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, current neuroimaging techniques impose specific requirements on the tactile stimulus delivery equipment in terms of compatibility with the neurophysiological methods being used. Here, we present a user-friendly, MEG compatible, tactile virtual reality simulator. The simulator consists of a piezo-electric tactile stimulator capable of independently protruding 16 plastic pistons of 1 mm diameter arranged in a 4 × 4 matrix. The stimulator delivers a spatial pattern of tactile stimuli to the tip of a finger depending on the position of the finger moving across a 2-dimensional plane. In order to demonstrate the functionality of the tactile virtual reality, we determined participants’ detection thresholds in active and passive touch conditions. Thresholds in both conditions were higher than reported in the literature. It could well be that the processing of the piston-related stimulation was masked by the sensory input generated by placing the finger on the scanning probe. More so, the thresholds for both the active and passive tasks did not differ significantly. In further studies, the noise introduced by the stimulator in neuromagnetic recordings was quantified and somatosensory evoked fields for active and passive touch were recorded. Due to the compatibility of the stimulator with neuroimaging techniques such as MEG, and based on the feasibility to record somatosensory-related neuromagnetic brain activity the apparatus has immense potential for the exploration of the neural underpinnings of active tactile perception.
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Carvalho D, St. Louis E, Lowe V, Schwarz C, Boeve B, Przybelski S, Reddy A, Mielke M, Knopman D, Petersen R, Jack C, Prashanthi V. tau-PET signal elevation in selective basal forebrain nuclei is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness in cognitively unimpaired middle aged and older adults. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kampf S, Sponder M, Bergler-Klein J, Sandurkov C, Fitschek F, Bodingbauer M, Stremitzer S, Kaczirek K, Schwarz C. Physical recovery after laparoscopic vs. open liver resection – A prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2019; 72:224-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Schwarz C, Wirth M, Gerischer L, Grittner U, Witte AV, Köbe T, Flöel A. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Resting Cerebral Perfusion in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JPAD-JOURNAL OF PREVENTION OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 2019; 5:26-30. [PMID: 29405229 DOI: 10.14283/jpad.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of cerebral perfusion can be considered as a possible therapeutic target in mild cognitive impairment. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind proof-of-concept study assessed effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cerebral perfusion in patients with mild cognitive impairment. In thirteen patients (omega:n=5; placebo:n=8) cerebral perfusion was measured before and after 26-weeks intervention within posterior cortical regions using magnetic resonance imaging. There was a medium effect of intervention on cerebral blood flow (η2=0.122) and blood volume (η2=0.098). The omega group showed an increase in blood flow (mean difference: 0.02 [corresponds to 26.1%], 95% confidence interval:0.00-0.05) and blood volume (mean difference: 0.08 [corresponds to 18.5%], 95% confidence interval:0.01-0.15), which was not observed in the placebo group. These preliminary findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acids supplementation may improve perfusion in cerebral regions typically affected in mild cognitive impairment.Regulation of perfusion may help to maintain brain structure and function and potentially delay conversion to dementia.
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Gerdjikov TV, Bergner CG, Schwarz C. Global Tactile Coding in Rat Barrel Cortex in the Absence of Local Cues. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:2015-2027. [PMID: 28498957 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although whisker-related perception is based predominantly on local, near-instantaneous coding, global, intensive coding, which integrates the vibrotactile signal over time, has also been shown to play a role given appropriate behavioral conditions. Here, we study global coding in isolation by studying head-fixed rats that identified pulsatile stimuli differing in pulse frequency but not in pulse waveforms, thus abolishing perception based on local coding. We quantified time locking and spike counts as likely variables underpinning the 2 coding schemes. Both neurometric variables contained substantial stimulus information, carried even by spikes of single barrel cortex neurons. To elucidate which type of information is actually used by the rats, we systematically compared psychometric with neurometric sensitivity based on the 2 coding schemes. Neurometric performance was calculated by using a population-encoding model incorporating the properties of our recorded neuron sample. We found that sensitivity calculated from spike counts sampled over long periods (>1 s) matched the performance of rats better than the one carried by spikes time-locked to the stimulus. We conclude that spike counts are more relevant to tactile perception when instantaneous kinematic parameters are not available.
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Hofmann JI, Schwarz C, Rudolph U, Antkowiak B. Effects of Diazepam on Low-Frequency and High-Frequency Electrocortical γ-Power Mediated by α1- and α2-GABA A Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3486. [PMID: 31315211 PMCID: PMC6678188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of spontaneous electric activity in the cerebral cortex change upon administration of benzodiazepines. Here we are testing the hypothesis that the prototypical benzodiazepine, diazepam, affects spectral power density in the low (20-50 Hz) and high (50-90 Hz) γ-band by targeting GABAA receptors harboring α1- and α2-subunits. Local field potentials (LFPs) and action potentials were recorded in the barrel cortex of wild type mice and two mutant strains in which the drug exclusively acted via GABAA receptors containing either α1- (DZα1-mice) or α2-subunits (DZα2-mice). In wild type mice, diazepam enhanced low γ-power. This effect was also evident in DZα2-mice, while diazepam decreased low γ-power in DZα1-mice. Diazepam increased correlated local LFP-activity in wild type animals and DZα2- but not in DZα1-mice. In all genotypes, spectral power density in the high γ-range and multi-unit action potential activity declined upon diazepam administration. We conclude that diazepam modifies low γ-power in opposing ways via α1- and α2-GABAA receptors. The drug's boosting effect involves α2-receptors and an increase in local intra-cortical synchrony. Furthermore, it is important to make a distinction between high- and low γ-power when evaluating the effects of drugs that target GABAA receptors.
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Eschenhagen P, Bacher P, Kaufmann S, Rickerts V, Seidel K, Holz F, Scheffold A, Mall M, Schwarz C. P169 Longitudinal observation of azol-resistance Aspergillus fumigatus in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Holz F, Kallinich T, Röhmel J, Eschenhagen P, Mehl A, Staab D, Kaufmann S, Gräber S, Mall M, Schwarz C. WS17-1 Prospective evaluation of arthropathy in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Downey D, Flume P, Jain M, Fajac I, Schwarz C, Pressler T, Van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel S, Taylor-Cousar J, Horsley A, Sutharsan S, Miller J, Poirier G, Jiang J, Inoue T, Wilson S, Lee PS, Gilmartin G. WS06-1 Initial results evaluating combinations of the novel CFTR corrector PTI-801, potentiator PTI-808, and amplifier PTI-428 in cystic fibrosis subjects. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Eschenhagen P, Bacher P, Kaufmann S, Rickerts V, Seidel K, Röhmel J, Mehl A, Staab D, Gräber S, Holz F, Scheffold A, Mall M, Schwarz C. P165 Prospective evaluation of Aspergillus fumigatus-specific IgG in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stremitzer S, Graf A, Neudert B, Herac M, Beer A, Schwarz C, Wrba F, Kaczirek K, Stift J. Immune checkpoints and liver resection after neoadjuvant chemotherapy including bevacizumab in patients with colorectal liver metastases. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy269.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited incurable multi-organ disease. Improvement in treatment approaches over the last 20 years have led to an increased life expectancy where the number of adult patients has doubled and will continue to increase exponentially. Due to the use of new substances which modulate the basic defect, a substantial improvement in the prognosis can be assumed but the existing healthcare structures in Germany do not meet these rising needs. With more than 50% of patients being adults, there are only very few internal medicine centers available. Only approximately one third of the patients are treated in adult health centers. Adolescence in particular is a very vulnerable phase of the disease, the risk of comorbidities is increased and adherence to the very laborious treatment recommendations is as a rule low. While in many other countries transition programs have been evaluated and implemented for more than 20 years, in Germany there have only been rudimentary approaches to transition. Meanwhile investigations are available on the perceptions of adolescents with respect to coping with the disease and their treatment needs, including the perception of the time when the transition process should begin. Successful transition seems to be performed best in combined pediatric and adult centers, with the back-up of an experienced multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers.
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Schwarz C, Wirth M, Benson G, Köbe T, Stekovic S, Madeo F, Flöel A. P57. Safety and tolerability of spermidine supplementation: A translational study in mice and older adults with subjective cognitive decline. Clin Neurophysiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.04.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oladazimi M, Brendel W, Schwarz C. Biomechanical Texture Coding in Rat Whiskers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11139. [PMID: 30042423 PMCID: PMC6057990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, texture discrimination has been thought to be based on ‘global’ codes, i.e. frequency (signal analysis based on Fourier analysis) or intensity (signal analysis based on averaging), which both rely on integration of the vibrotactile signal across time and/or space. Recently, a novel ‘local’ coding scheme based on the waveform of frictional movements, discrete short lasting kinematic events (i.e. stick-slip movements called slips) has been formulated. We performed biomechanical measurements of relative movements of a rat vibrissa across sandpapers of different roughness. We find that the classic global codes convey some information about texture identity, but are consistently outperformed by the slip-based local code. Moreover, the slip code also surpasses the global ones in coding for active scanning parameters. This is remarkable as it suggests that the slip code would explicitly allow the whisking rat to optimize perception by selecting goal-specific scanning strategies.
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Jakob MO, Schwarz C, Haltmeier T, Zindel J, Pinworasarn T, Candinas D, Starlinger P, Beldi G. Mesh-augmented versus direct abdominal closure in patients undergoing open abdomen treatment. Hernia 2018; 22:785-792. [PMID: 30027445 PMCID: PMC6153946 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-018-1798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Open abdomen (OA) may be required in patients with abdominal trauma, sepsis or compartment syndrome. Vacuum-assisted wound closure and mesh-mediated fascial traction (VAWCM) is a widely used approach for temporary abdominal closure to close the abdominal wall. However, this method is associated with a high incidence of re-operations in short term and late sequelae such as incisional hernia. The current study aims to compare the results of surgical strategies of OA with versus without permanent mesh augmentation. Methods Patients with OA treatment undergoing vacuum-assisted wound closure and an intraperitoneal onlay mesh (VAC-IPOM) implantation were compared to VAWCM with direct fascial closure which represents the current standard of care. Outcomes of patients from two tertiary referral centers that performed the different strategies for abdominal closure after OA treatment were compared in univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results A total of 139 patients were included in the study. Of these, 50 (36.0%) patients underwent VAC-IPOM and 89 (64.0%) patients VAWCM. VAC-IPOM was associated with reduced re-operations (adjusted incidence risk ratio 0.48 per 10-person days; CI 95% = 0.39–0.58, p < 0.001), reduced duration of stay on intensive care unit (ICU) [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 0.53; CI 95% = 0.36–0.79, p = 0.002] and reduced hospital stay (aHR 0.61; CI 95% = 0.040–0.94; p = 0.024). In-hospital mortality [22.5 vs 18.0%, risk difference − 4.5; confidence interval (CI) 95% = − 18.2 to 9.3; p = 0.665] and the incidence of intestinal fistula (18.0 vs 22.0%, risk difference 4.0; CI 95% = −10.0 to 18.0; p = 0.656) did not differ between the two groups. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, hernia-free survival was significantly increased after VAC-IPOM (p = 0.041). Conclusions In patients undergoing OA treatment, intraperitoneal mesh augmentation is associated with a significantly decreased number of re-operations, duration of hospital and ICU stay and incidence of incisional hernias when compared to VAWCM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10029-018-1798-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kaufmann S, Brandt C, Barthel N, Roehmel J, Holz F, Eschenhagen P, Mehl A, Meinus C, Staab D, Rickerts V, Seidel K, Bacher P, Hohnstein T, Scheffold A, Schwarz C. P065 Berlin Aspergillus Species Study - pet ownership is a risk factor for ABPA in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Wimmer E, Holz F, Eschenhagen P, Brandt C, Barthel N, Kaufmann S, Röhmel J, Staab D, Schwarz C. P093 Oral versus intravenous treatment of bronchopulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Schwarz C, Spinola M, Flume P, Elborn J. P080 Potential taste disturbance is largely mild and diminishes with continuing treatment in cystic fibrosis patients treated with levofloxacin inhaled solution. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Roehmel J, Staab D, Specht P, Schwarz C, Rothe M, Schebb N, Weylandt K. P027 Alteration of lipid epoxy metabolites due to CFTR modulation with lumacaftor/ivacaftor in df508del homozygous patients. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schwarz C, Lewin A, Schäfer H. WS02.4 Glycopeptidolipids of the Mycobacterium abscessus cell wall are immunodominant antigens and represent potential targets for a diagnostic assay. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Flume P, Sawicki G, Pressler T, Schwarz C, Fajac I, Layish D, Bialek P, Wilson S, Kang L, Mclaughlin B, Scafidi S, Lee PS, Gilmartin G. WS01.2 Phase 2 initial results evaluating PTI-428, a novel CFTR amplifier, in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30120-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kaufmann S, Brandt C, Nadine B, Roehmel J, Holz F, Eschenhagen P, Mehl A, Meinus C, Staab D, Rickerts V, Seidel K, Bacher P, Hohnstein T, Scheffold A, Schwarz C. P064 Clinical and immunological results of the Berlin Aspergillus Species Study (BASS). J Cyst Fibros 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(18)30361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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