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Pinheiro Júnior FML, Kendall C, Martins TA, Mota RMS, Macena RHM, Glick J, Kerr-Correa F, Kerr L. Risk factors associated with resistance to HIV testing among transwomen in Brazil. AIDS Care 2015; 28:92-7. [PMID: 26274065 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1066751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Transwomen are a high-risk population for HIV/AIDS worldwide. However, many transwomen do not test for HIV. This study aimed to identify factors associated with resistance to HIV testing among transwomen in Fortaleza/CE. A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2008 with a sample of 304 transwomen recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Data analysis utilized Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool and SPSS 11.0. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses examined risk factors associated with resistance to HIV testing. Less than 18 years of age (OR = 4.221; CI = 2.419-7.364), sexual debut before 10 years of age (OR = 6.760; CI = 2.996-15.256), using illegal drugs during sex (OR = 2.384; CI = 1.310-4.339), experience of discrimination (OR = 3.962; CI = 1.540-10.195) and a belief that the test results were not confidential (OR = 3.763; CI = 2.118-6.688) are independently associated with resistance to testing. Intersectoral and targeted strategies aimed at encouraging the adoption of safer sexual behaviors and testing for HIV among transwomen are required.
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Jayalath V, Ireland C, Augustin L, Nishi S, Mirrahimi A, De Souza R, Kendall C, Jenkins D. The Association Between Serum Prostate‐Specific Antigen and Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Metformin in Individuals with Diabetes: a Cross‐sectional Analysis. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.406.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Srichaikul K, Ireland C, Kendall C, Sievenpiper J, Lamarche B, Jenkins D. EFFECT OF LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET ON APOLIPOPROTEIN B AND LDL PARTICLE SIZE. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.274.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jayalath V, Ireland C, Faulkner D, Mirrahimi A, Srichaikul K, Souza R, Sievenpiper J, Kendall C, Couture P, Lamarche B, Jones P, Frohlich J, Jenkins D. Development and Validation of a Dietary Portfolio Score for use Among Hypercholesterolemic Individuals. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.905.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Chiavaroli L, Augustin L, Ireland C, Mirrahimi A, Sievenpiper J, Kendall C, Jenkins D. Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Liver Enzyme Activity. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.383.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Choo V, Ha V, Blanco Mejia S, Kendall C, Souza R, Jenkins D, Sievenpiper J. High Fructose Corn Syrup and Sucrose do not Differ in Their Effects on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.595.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Srichaikul K, Hertzog V, Dutton H, Kendall C, Sievenpiper J, Jenkins D. THE EFFECT OF A LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX DIET ON DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.274.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nishi S, Ireland C, Augustin L, Jayalath V, Kendall C, Jenkins D. Effect of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Prostate Specific Antigen. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.918.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Viguiliouk E, Kendall C, Blanco Mejia S, Cozma A, Ha V, Mirrahimi A, Jayalath V, Augustin L, Chiavaroli L, Leiter L, Souza R, Jenkins D, Sievenpiper J. Tree Nuts Improve Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Dietary Trials. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.383.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mirrahimi A, Chiavaroli L, Reiser E, Srichaikul K, Nishi S, Augustin L, Sievenpiper J, Kendall C, Leiter L, Jenkins D. Effect of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Markers of Oxidative Damage in Type 2 Diabetes. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.274.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wood JJ, Kendall C, Hutchings J, Lloyd GR, Stone N, Shepherd N, Day J, Cook TA. Evaluation of a confocal Raman probe for pathological diagnosis during colonoscopy. Colorectal Dis 2014; 16:732-8. [PMID: 24836008 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Raman spectroscopy of human tissue can provide a unique biochemical 'fingerprint' that alters with disease progression. Light incident on tissue is scattered and may be altered in wavelength, which can be represented as a Raman spectrum. A confocal fibreoptic Raman probe designed to fit down the accessory channel of a colonoscope has been constructed. This in-vitro study evaluated the accuracy of pathological diagnosis in the colon using probe-based Raman spectroscopy. METHOD Biopsy samples were collected at colonoscopy, snap frozen and stored at -80 °C. Raman spectra with 10-s and 1-s acquisition periods were measured with the probe tip in contact with the mucosal surface of thawed specimens. Mathematical modelling using principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis was used to correlate Raman spectra with histopathological diagnoses. RESULTS Three-hundred and seventy-five Raman spectra were measured from a total of 356 colon biopsies (81 of normal colon mucosa, 79 of hyperplastic polyps, 92 of adenomatous polyps, 64 of adenocarcinoma and 40 of ulcerative colitis) from 177 patients. Spectral classification accuracies comparing pathology pairs ranged from 72.1 to 95.9% for 10-s acquisitions and from 61.5 to 95.1% for 1-s acquisitions. For a three-group model of normal, adenomatous and adenocarcinoma tissue, accuracies were 74.1% for 10-s acquisitions and 63.5% for 1-s acquisitions. CONCLUSION The confocal Raman probe system can distinguish between different colorectal pathologies. The probe has potential to establish Raman spectroscopy as a clinical tool for instant diagnosis at colonoscopy.
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Kendall C, Blanco Mejia S, Viguiliouk E, Augustin L, Ha V, Cozma A, Mirahimi A, Maroleanu A, Chiavaroli L, Leiter L, Souza R, Jenkins D, Sievenpiper J. Tree nuts improve criteria of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled dietary trials (1025.6). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1025.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jayalath V, Souza R, Ha V, Kendall C, Jenkins D, Sievenpiper J. Relation between sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption and incident hypertension: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective cohorts (267.4). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.267.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Viguiliouk E, Kendall C, Mejia S, Cozma A, Ha V, Mirrahimi A, Jayalath V, Augustin L, Chiavaroli L, Leiter L, Souza R, Jenkins D, Sievenpiper J. Effect of tree nuts on glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled dietary trials (1025.16). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1025.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Augustin L, Cozma A, Souza R, Sievenpiper J, Blanco‐Mejia S, Li S, Mirrahimi A, Chiavaroli L, Ha V, Jayalath V, Jenkins D, Kendall C. The acute effects of dietary pulses on postprandial glycemia in diabetes: a meta‐analysis (272.8). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.272.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kendall C, Esfahani A, Campbell J, Jenkins A, Jenkins D. Effect of hummus on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy individuals (1039.6). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1039.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nishi S, Kendall C, Bashyam B, Augustin L, Jenkins D. Effect of nuts on coronary heart disease and cancer risk in type 2 diabetes (825.8). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.825.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gougeon R, Sievenpiper JL, Jenkins D, Yale JF, Bell R, Després JP, Ransom TPP, Camelon K, Dupre J, Kendall C, Hegazi RA, Marchetti A, Hamdy O, Mechanick JI. The transcultural diabetes nutrition algorithm: a canadian perspective. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:151068. [PMID: 24550982 PMCID: PMC3914410 DOI: 10.1155/2014/151068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The Transcultural Diabetes Nutrition Algorithm (tDNA) is a clinical tool designed to facilitate implementation of therapeutic lifestyle recommendations for people with or at risk for type 2 diabetes. Cultural adaptation of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (CPG) recommendations is essential to address varied patient populations within and among diverse regions worldwide. The Canadian version of tDNA supports and targets behavioural changes to improve nutritional quality and to promote regular daily physical activity consistent with Canadian Diabetes Association CPG, as well as channelling the concomitant management of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and dysglycaemia in primary care. Assessing glycaemic index (GI) (the ranking of foods by effects on postprandial blood glucose levels) and glycaemic load (GL) (the product of mean GI and the total carbohydrate content of a meal) will be a central part of the Canadian tDNA and complement nutrition therapy by facilitating glycaemic control using specific food selections. This component can also enhance other metabolic interventions, such as reducing the need for antihyperglycaemic medication and improving the effectiveness of weight loss programs. This tDNA strategy will be adapted to the cultural specificities of the Canadian population and incorporated into the tDNA validation methodology.
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Latulippe ME, Meheust A, Augustin L, Benton D, Berčík P, Birkett A, Eldridge AL, Faintuch J, Hoffmann C, Jones JM, Kendall C, Lajolo F, Perdigon G, Prieto PA, Rastall RA, Sievenpiper JL, Slavin J, de Menezes EW. ILSI Brazil International Workshop on Functional Foods: a narrative review of the scientific evidence in the area of carbohydrates, microbiome, and health. Food Nutr Res 2013; 57:19214. [PMID: 23399638 PMCID: PMC3568172 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v57i0.19214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To stimulate discussion around the topic of ‘carbohydrates’ and health, the Brazilian branch of the International Life Sciences Institute held the 11th International Functional Foods Workshop (1–2 December 2011) in which consolidated knowledge and recent scientific advances specific to the relationship between carbohydrates and health were presented. As part of this meeting, several key points related to dietary fiber, glycemic response, fructose, and impacts on satiety, cognition, mood, and gut microbiota were realized: 1) there is a need for global harmonization of a science-based fiber definition; 2) low-glycemic index foods can be used to modulate the postprandial glycemic response and may affect diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes; 3) carbohydrate type may influence satiety and satiation; glycemic load and glycemic index show links to memory, mood, and concentration; 4) validated biomarkers are needed to demonstrate the known prebiotic effect of carbohydrates; 5) negative effects of fructose are not evident when human data are systematically reviewed; 6) new research indicates that diet strongly influences the microbiome; and 7) there is mounting evidence that the intestinal microbiota has the ability to impact the gut–brain axis. Overall, there is much promise for development of functional foods that impact the microbiome and other factors relevant to health, including glycemic response (glycemic index/glycemic load), satiety, mood, cognition, and weight management.
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Jenkins DJA, Chiavaroli L, Wong JMW, Kendall C, Lewis GF, Vidgen E, Connelly PW, Leiter LA, Josse RG, Lamarche B. Adding monounsaturated fatty acids to a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods in hypercholesterolemia. CMAJ 2010; 182:1961-7. [PMID: 21041432 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.092128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher intake of monounsaturated fat may raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol without raising low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We tested whether increasing the monounsaturated fat content of a diet proven effective for lowering LDL cholesterol (dietary portfolio) also modified other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, specifically by increasing HDL cholesterol, lowering serum triglyceride and further reducing the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol. METHODS Twenty-four patients with hyperlipidemia consumed a therapeutic diet very low in saturated fat for one month and were then randomly assigned to a dietary portfolio low or high in monounsaturated fatty acid for another month. We supplied participants' food for the two-month period. Calorie intake was based on Harris-Benedict estimates for energy requirements. RESULTS For patients who consumed the dietary portfolio high in monounsaturated fat, HDL cholesterol rose, whereas for those consuming the dietary portfolio low in monounsaturated fat, HDL cholesterol did not change. The 12.5% treatment difference was significant (0.12 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.21, p = 0.003). The ratio of total to HDL cholesterol was reduced by 6.5% with the diet high in monounsaturated fat relative to the diet low in monounsaturated fat (-0.28, 95% CI -0.59 to -0.04, p = 0.025). Patients consuming the diet high in monounsaturated fat also had significantly higher concentrations of apolipoprotein AI, and their C-reactive protein was significantly lower. No treatment differences were seen for triglycerides, other lipids or body weight, and mean weight loss was similar for the diets high in monounsaturated fat (-0.8 kg) and low in monounsaturated fat (-1.2 kg). INTERPRETATION Monounsaturated fat increased the effectiveness of a cholesterol-lowering dietary portfolio, despite statin-like reductions in LDL cholesterol. The potential benefits for cardiovascular risk were achieved through increases in HDL cholesterol, further reductions in the ratio of total to HDL cholesterol and reductions in C-reactive protein. (ClinicalTrials.gov trial register no. NCT00430430.).
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Horsnell J, Stonelake P, Shetty G, Christie-Brown J, Kendall C, Stone N. Raman Spectroscopy: A Promising Method of Assessing Axillary Lymph Nodes Even in the Presence of Blue Dye. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Grimbergen MCM, van Swol CFP, Kendall C, Verdaasdonk RM, Stone N, Bosch JLHR. Signal-to-noise contribution of principal component loads in reconstructed near-infrared Raman tissue spectra. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:8-14. [PMID: 20132590 DOI: 10.1366/000370210790572052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The overall quality of Raman spectra in the near-infrared region, where biological samples are often studied, has benefited from various improvements to optical instrumentation over the past decade. However, obtaining ample spectral quality for analysis is still challenging due to device requirements and short integration times required for (in vivo) clinical applications of Raman spectroscopy. Multivariate analytical methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), are routinely applied to Raman spectral datasets to develop classification models. Data compression is necessary prior to discriminant analysis to prevent or decrease the degree of over-fitting. The logical threshold for the selection of principal components (PCs) to be used in discriminant analysis is likely to be at a point before the PCs begin to introduce equivalent signal and noise and, hence, include no additional value. Assessment of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a certain peak or over a specific spectral region will depend on the sample measured. Therefore, the mean SNR over the whole spectral region (SNR(msr)) is determined in the original spectrum as well as for spectra reconstructed from an increasing number of principal components. This paper introduces a method of assessing the influence of signal and noise from individual PC loads and indicates a method of selection of PCs for LDA. To evaluate this method, two data sets with different SNRs were used. The sets were obtained with the same Raman system and the same measurement parameters on bladder tissue collected during white light cystoscopy (set A) and fluorescence-guided cystoscopy (set B). This method shows that the mean SNR over the spectral range in the original Raman spectra of these two data sets is related to the signal and noise contribution of principal component loads. The difference in mean SNR over the spectral range can also be appreciated since fewer principal components can reliably be used in the low SNR data set (set B) compared to the high SNR data set (set A). Despite the fact that no definitive threshold could be found, this method may help to determine the cutoff for the number of principal components used in discriminant analysis. Future analysis of a selection of spectral databases using this technique will allow optimum thresholds to be selected for different applications and spectral data quality levels.
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Elliott EM, Kendall C, Boyer EW, Burns DA, Lear GG, Golden HE, Harlin K, Bytnerowicz A, Butler TJ, Glatz R. Dual nitrate isotopes in dry deposition: Utility for partitioning NOxsource contributions to landscape nitrogen deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Day JCC, Bennett R, Smith B, Kendall C, Hutchings J, Meaden GM, Born C, Yu S, Stone N. A miniature confocal Raman probe for endoscopic use. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:7077-87. [PMID: 19904034 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/23/003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying biochemical changes in the human body. We describe a miniature, confocal fibre optic probe intended to fit within the instrument channel of a standard medical endoscope. This probe has been optimized for the study of the carcinogenesis process of oesophageal malignancy. The optical design and fabrication of this probe is described including the anisotropic wet etching technique used to make silicon motherboards and jigs. Example spectra of PTFE reference samples are shown. Spectra with acquisition times as low as 2 s from resected oesophageal tissue are presented showing identifiable biochemical changes from various pathologies.
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Sievenpiper J, Kendall C, Esfahani A, Wong J, Carleton A, Bazinet R, Jenkins D. Abstract: P1411 DIETARY PULSES IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL: A METAANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTAL TRIALS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(09)71419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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