Pharmacological properties of N-methoxy-3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-pyrrolidone (E-5110), a novel nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent

The antiinflammatory activity of a novel pyrrolidone derivative E-5110 was investigated using anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic animal models in comparison to indomethacin (IND) and piroxicam (PIR). The acute antiinflammatory activity of E-5110 on carrageenin paw edema was similar to IND, and half of PIR. E-5110 inhibited the pleural exudate volume and leucocyte infiltration in a reversed passive Arthus reaction more potent than IND. The chronic inflammatory responses in the established adjuvant- and type II collagen-induced arthritis were suppressed by E-5110 similar to IND and PIR. The analgesic potency of E-5110 was similar to IND and PIR, but the antipyretic activity of E-5110 was more potent than that of IND, and slightly more potent than that of PIR. The ulcerogenic effect of E-5110 on rat gastric mucosa was less than that of the reference drugs.

Effect of the novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent N-methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-one on in vitro generation of some inflammatory mediators

A newly synthesized compound, the non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent N-methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-o ne (E-5110) was investigated. E-5110 inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation by cultured rat synovial cells upon stimulation with interleukin-1-like factor of rat polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). The IC50 values (mumol/l) for PGE2 generation were 0.026 for E-5110, 0.008 for indometacin, 0.112 for piroxicam and 0.667 for the compound B (3-amino-1-(M-trifluoromethyl-phenyl-2-pyrazoline). Calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated leukotriene B4 generation by human PMN was inhibited by E-5110 with an IC50 value of 0.20 mumol/l; E-5110 was as inhibitory as nordihydroguaiaretic acid and was more potent than the compound B (IC50 of 2.58 mumol/l). E-5110 suppressed superoxide generation by human PMN stimulated with opsonized zymosan, f-Met-Leu-Phe and phorbol myristate acetate. E-5110 also inhibited the generation of leucocytic pyrogen and leucocyte factor(s) which stimulated collagenase production by cultured synovial cells.

In vitro effect of N-methoxy-3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-pyrrolidon e (E-5110), a novel nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent, on generation of some inflammatory mediators

Cultured rat synovial cells generate PGE2 upon stimulation with a factor derived from rate polymorphonuclear cells (Prostaglandins 27, 697, 1984). E-5110 inhibited PGE2 generation by the synovial cells. The IC50 values (microM) for inhibition of PGE2 generation were 0.026 for E-5110, 0.008 for indomethacin, 0.112 for piroxicam, 0.003 for R-830, 0.667 for BW-755C and 2.05 for benoxaprofen. Calcium ionophore A-23187-stimulated LTB4 generation by human neutrophils was inhibited by E-5110 with an IC50 value of 0.20 microM, which was similar to NDGA. The inhibition of LTB4 by E-5110 was more potent than that of R-830, BW-755C or benoxaprofen. E-5110 also inhibited superoxide generation by human neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan, f-Met-Leu-Phe and phorbol myristate acetate. These results indicate that E-5110 is a potent dual inhibitor that suppresses superoxide generation.

Pharmacological properties of the novel non-steroidal antiinflammatory agent N-methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2 -one

The antiinflammatory activity of the novel pyrrolidin-2-one derivative N-methoxy-3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene)pyrrolidin-2-o ne (E-5110) was investigated and compared with those of indomethacin and piroxicam in various antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic animal models. The acute antiinflammatory activity of E-5110 on the carrageenin paw edema was similar to that of indomethacin, and half that of piroxicam. The chronic inflammatory responses in established adjuvant- and type II collagen-induced arthritis, which are widely used models of rheumatoid arthritis, were suppressed as effectively by E-5110 as by indomethacin and piroxicam. E-5110 decreased the pleural exudate volume and inhibited leucocyte infiltration in a reversed passive Arthus reaction more potently than indomethacin, suggesting that mediators other than prostaglandin E2 may play an important role in this inflammatory process. The analgesic potency of E-5110 against inflammatory pain was similar to that of indomethacin or piroxicam, but the antipyretic activity of E-5110 was more potent than that of the reference drugs. The ulcerogenic effect of E-5110 on rat gastric mucosa was less than those of indomethacin and piroxicam. In conclusion, E-5110 is a very potent antiinflammatory compound acting against various types of inflammation, and has a favorable therapeutic index.

[A new method of vascular anastomosis by CO2 laser: experimental and clinical study]

It is difficult to maintain the long-term patency after conventional anastomosis especially for the small caliber vessels. Since 15 years we have performed aortocoronary bypass with suture materials for the patients with ischemic heart disease. There are some problems in maintaining the long-term patency of the bypass grafts. Low energy CO2 laser was utilized to make vascular anastomosis with a few stay sutures. Vascular anastomoses (side-to-side, end-to-end, end-to-side) were carefully made by CO2 laser in the regions of the femoral arteries and veins, the carotid arteries and jugular veins in dog. A-C bypass was also successfully carried out between the internal mammary artery and the left anterior descending artery under the beating heart in experiment. Outputs of 20-40 mW and irradiation times of 6-12 sec/mm were optimal conditions for anastomosis of the small caliber vessels. There were no problems in the intensity and the healing of the anastomotic sites in comparison with the conventional suture method. On the basis of these excellent experimental results a low energy CO2 laser was employed clinically for vascular anastomosis of the peripheral vessels in 28 patients with angina pectoris or chronic renal failure and cardiac failure. There were no complications such as bleeding and suture line aneurysm after surgery. In conclusion, vascular anastomosis by laser might be recommended in performing with safety and rapidity for small caliber vessels.

An alternative method of vascular anastomosis by laser: experimental and clinical study

In vascular surgery, it is now very difficult to maintain the long-term patency after a conventional vascular anastomosis, especially for small-caliber vessels. A low-energy CO2 laser was experimentally employed to make a vascular anastomosis with only a few sutures. Subsequently, it could be confirmed that optimal conditions for vascular anastomosis by laser were 20-40 mW in output and 6-12 sec/mm in irradiation time. On the other hand, pressure tolerance test as well as tensile strength test and microscopic examinations at the sites of anastomoses by laser were compared with the conventional suture method. There were no significant differences between laser and suture methods. On the basis of the excellent results of this study, the laser was clinically applied for anastomoses of the peripheral vessels in 35 patients. The first clinical laser application in the world was successful in a 44-year-old female patient with chronic renal failure in 1985. All patients are doing well without any complications from vascular anastomosis by laser. From these experimental and clinical studies, it can be concluded that anastomosis by laser should be recommended for small-caliber vessels such as aortocoronary bypass surgery.

Prognostic factors in giant cell tumor of bone. A modified histological grading system useful as a guide to prognosis

An analysis of 26 patients with giant cell tumor of bone was carried out to determine the clinical and pathological factors affecting the prognosis of the tumor, with a follow-up program of more than 3 years. The physical characteristics of the pathological features were measured objectively using an image analyzer. A significant correlation between the therapeutic procedures and recurrence of the tumor was found, but no pathological variables were significantly correlated. Excision or resection en bloc should be performed for the initial treatment of the tumor. Local recurrence could not be predicted on the basis of histological grading. Stromal cell atypia was significantly correlated with metastasis, but multinucleated giant cells bore no correlation to either recurrence or metastasis. The use of a modified histological grading system based not on variations of the stroma and giant cells but only on the atypia of mononuclear stromal cells, either malignant or classical, is recommended for the clinical assessment of the tumor.

A study on the osseous elements in malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone

By studying histochemically and ultrastructurally a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone with neoplastic osteoid elements, the distinction of the tumor from osteosarcoma was discussed. MFH was likely to originate from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that induced a histiocytic line of differentiation, and some histiocytes seemed to be transformed into well differentiated fibroblastic cells which accordingly differentiated into fibroblasts and osteoblasts. This may explain the existence of the osseous elements in MFH. Sarcoma showing the bimodal--histiocytic and fibroblastic--differentiation should be diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, even if it contains tumorous osteoid; it must be clearly distinguished from osteosarcoma, in which the various cells only on a fibroblastic line of differentiation can be identified and the osteoblasts are the predominant cells.