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Chan SH, Leu WJ, Hsu LC, Chang HS, Hwang TL, Chen IS, Chen CS, Guh JH. Reevesioside F induces potent and efficient anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities through Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α3 subunit-involved mitochondrial stress and amplification of caspase cascades. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:1564-75. [PMID: 24099795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reevesioside F, isolated from Reevesia formosana, induced anti-proliferative activity that was highly correlated with the expression of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α₃ subunit in several cell lines, including human leukemia HL-60 and Jurkat cells, and some other cell lines. Knockdown of α₃ subunit significantly inhibited cell apoptosis suggesting a crucial role of the α₃ subunit. Reevesioside F induced a rapid down-regulation of survivin protein, followed by release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Further examination demonstrated the mitochondrial damage in leukemic cells through Mcl-1 down-regulation, Noxa up-regulation and an increase of the formation of truncated Bid, tBim and a 23-kDa cleaved Bcl-2 fragment. Furthermore, reevesioside F induced an increase of mitochondria-associated acetyl α-tubulin that may also contribute to apoptosis. The caspase cascade was profoundly activated by reevesioside F. Notably, the specific caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk significantly blunted reevesioside F-induced loss of ΔΨm and apoptosis, suggesting that caspase-3 activation may further amplify mitochondrial damage and apoptotic signaling cascade. In spite of being a cardiac glycoside, reevesioside F did not increase the intracellular Ca²⁺ levels. Moreover, CGP-37157 which blocked Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger on plasma membrane and mitochondria did not modify reevesioside F-mediated effect. In summary, the data suggest that reevesioside F induces apoptosis through the down-regulation of survivin and Mcl-1, and the formation of pro-apoptotic fragments from Bcl-2 family members. The loss of ΔΨm and mitochondrial damage are responsible for the activation of caspases. Moreover, the amplification of caspase-3-mediated signaling pathway contributes largely to the execution of apoptosis in leukemic cells.
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Cheng MJ, Lin CF, Wang CJ, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Chemical Constituents from the Root Wood ofZanthoxylum Integrifoliolum. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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53
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Tsai IL, Cheng MJ, Hung HW, Cheng HI, Chen IS. Chemical Constituents from the Leaves ofLitsea Acutivena. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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54
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Chen JJ, Lin RW, Duh CY, Huang HY, Chen IS. Flavones and Cytotoxic Constituents from the Stem Bark ofMuntingia Calabura. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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55
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Lin WY, Yen MH, Teng CM, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Cerebrosides from the Rhizomes ofGynura Japonica. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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56
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Chen JJ, Huang HY, Duh CY, Chen IS. Cytotoxic Constituents from the Stem Bark ofZanthoxylum Pistaciiflorum. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Cheng MJ, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Chemical Constituents from the Root Bark of FormosanZanthoxylum Ailanthoides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cheng MJ, Wu CC, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Chemical and Antiplatelet Constituents from the Stem ofZanthoxylum Beecheyanum. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen YC, Cheng MJ, Lee SJ, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Chemical Constituents from the Root ofAntidesma Pentandrumvar.Barbatum. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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60
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Leu YL, Chan YY, Hsu MY, Chen IS, Wu TS. The Constituents of the Stem and Roots of Aristolochia foveolata. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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61
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Lu ST, Chen IS. Studies on the Alkaloid of Formosan Lauraceous Plants XX Alkaloids ofLindera OldhamiiHemsl. (3). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.197700031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liu SL, Tsai IL, Ishikawa T, Harayama T, Chen IS. Bishordeninyl Terpene Alkaloids fromZanthoxylum Integrifoliolum. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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64
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Wu SJ, Chen IS, Chem CY, Teng CM, Wu TS. Structure and Synthesis of Simulansamide, a Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor fromZanthoxylum Simulans. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsai IL, Lin WY, Chang CT, Chen IS. Peroxycoumarins from the Root Bark of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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67
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Wu TS, Chang FC, Wu PL, Kuoh CS, Chen IS. Constituents of Leaves of Tetradium Glabrifolium. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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68
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Lee SS, Chen CK, Chen IS, Liu KCS. Additional Isoquinoline Alkaloids fromLltsea Cubeba. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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69
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Chen IS. Studies on the Alkaloids of Formosan Lauraceous Plants XIX Alkaloids of lindera oldhamii hemsl. (2). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.197700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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70
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Cheng MJ, Yang CH, Lin WY, Lin WY, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Chemical Constituents from the Leaves ofZanthoxylum Schinifolium. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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72
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Chen S, Huang HY, Cheng MJ, Wu CC, Ishikawa T, Peng CF, Chang HS, Wang CJ, Wong SL, Chen IS. Neolignans and phenylpropanoids from the roots of Piper taiwanense and their antiplatelet and antitubercular activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 93:203-209. [PMID: 23582215 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of roots from Piper taiwanense led to isolation of three neolignans, diallylcatechol (1) and neotaiwanensols A, B (2, 3), two diphenylpropanoid ethers, taiwandimerols A, B (4, 5), with one phenylpropanoid, 2,3-diacetoxy-1-methoxy-5-allylbenzene (6), previously unknown in nature, together with 18 known compounds (7-24). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. Among the isolates, hydroxychavicol acetate (7), and 4-allylcatechol (8) showed potent inhibitory activities against platelet aggregation induced by collagen, with IC50 values of 2.1, and 5.3 μM, respectively. Hydroxychavicol acetate (7), 4-allylcatechol (8), and trans-caffeicaldehyde (9) showed antitubercular activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, with MIC values of 30.3, 27.6, and 25.5 μg/mL, respectively.
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Cheng MJ, Tseng M, Chen JJ, Yuan GF, Chen IS. Secondary metabolites from the Actinomycete Acrocarpospora punica. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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76
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Ko HH, Jin YJ, Lu TM, Chen IS. A Novel MonoterpeneStilbene Adduct with a 4,4-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylchromane Skeleton fromArtocarpus xanthocarpus. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1269-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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77
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Cheng MJ, Wu MD, Chen IS, Chen JJ, Hsieh SY, Yuan GF. A new furan-3-one derivative from the endophytic fungus Annulohypoxylon sp. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0635-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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78
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Lin CH, Chang HS, Liao HR, Chen IS, Tsai IL. Triterpenoids from the roots of Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi and their anti-inflammatory activity. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:8890-8. [PMID: 23615476 PMCID: PMC3676762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14058890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new triterpenoids, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-11,13(18)-dien-19β,28-olide (1) and 3β,5β-dihydroxyglutinol (2), together with eight known compounds (3-10) were isolated from the roots of Rhaphiolepis indica var. tashiroi (Rosaceae). The structures of 1-10 were determined by spectroscopic techniques. Among these isolates, 2α,3β-dihydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid (9) exhibited inhibitory effect on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production, with an IC50 value of 16.50 μM.
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Wu MD, Cheng MJ, Chen IS, Su YS, Hsieh SY, Chang HS, Chang CW, Yuan GF. Phytochemical Investigation ofAnnulohypoxylon ilanense, an Endophytic Fungus Derived fromCinnamomumSpecies. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:493-505. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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80
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Chang HS, Chiang MY, Hsu HY, Yang CW, Lin CH, Lee SJ, Chen IS. Cytotoxic cardenolide glycosides from the root of Reevesia formosana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2013; 87:86-95. [PMID: 23313131 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the root tissue of Reevesia formosana led to isolation of 13 cardenolide glycosides, reevesiosides A-I and epi-reevesiosides F-I. Their structures were determined by means of spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction was performed using reevesioside A. Reevesioside A, reevesioside F, and epi-reevesioside F displayed especially potent cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines, with IC(50) values of 63±2 and 19±1, 72±8 and 20±0, and 34±6 and 10±1 nM, respectively. Identification of the sugar constituents and unusual 18,20-epoxide cardenolide glycosides are described herein. Cardiac glycosides were previously unknown in the Sterculiaceae family.
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81
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Tseng M, Su YS, Cheng MJ, Liu TW, Chen IS, Wu MD, Chang HS, Yuan GF. Chemical Constituents from a Soil-Derived Actinomycete,Actinomadura miaoliensisBCRC 16873, and Their Inhibitory Activities on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Production. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:303-12. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yu CC, Wu PJ, Hsu JL, Ho YF, Hsu LC, Chang YJ, Chang HS, Chen IS, Guh JH. Ardisianone, a natural benzoquinone, efficiently induces apoptosis in human hormone-refractory prostate cancers through mitochondrial damage stress and survivin downregulation. Prostate 2013; 73:133-45. [PMID: 22674285 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in regulating cell apoptosis. Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family member, mediates resistance to cancer chemotherapy particularly in prostate cancers. Therefore, development of anticancer agents targeting mitochondria and survivin is a potential strategy. METHOD Cell proliferation was examined by sulforhodamine B, CFSE staining, and clonogenic assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m) ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometric analysis. Protein expression was detected by Western blot. RNA levels were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt was also used in this study. RESULTS Ardisianone, a natural benzoquinone derivative, displayed anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities against human hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells (HRPC), PC-3, and DU-145. Ardisianone dramatically induced mitochondrial damage, identified by downregulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, ROS production, and loss of ΔΨ(m) . Ardisianone also inhibited Akt and mTOR/p70S6K pathways and induced a fast downregulation of survivin, leading to activation of mitochondria-involved caspase cascades. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt partly rescued ardisianone-mediated apoptotic signaling cascades. Furthermore, a long-term treatment of ardisianone caused an increase of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, upregulation of cIAP1 and cIAP2, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF)-mediated caspase-independent apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the ardisianone induces apoptosis in human prostate cancers through mitochondrial damage stress, leading to the inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K pathway, downregulation of Bcl-2 family members, degradation of survivin, and activation of caspase cascades. The data provide evidence supporting that ardisianone is a potential anticancer agent against HRPCs.
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Huang YT, Chang HS, Wang GJ, Lin CH, Chen IS. Secondary metabolites from the roots of Beilschmiedia tsangii and their anti-inflammatory activities. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23208379 PMCID: PMC3546699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new endiandric acid analogues, tsangibeilin C (1), tsangibeilin D (2), tricyclotsangibeilin (3) and endiandric acid M (4), one new lignan, beilschminol B (5) and two new sesquiterpenes, (+)-5-hydroxybarbatenal (6) and (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxycaryophyll-8(13)-ene (7), together with four known compounds (8-11), were isolated from the roots of Beilschmiedia tsangii (Lauraceae). The structures of 1-7 were determined by spectroscopic techniques. Among the isolates, endiandric acid M (4) exhibited moderate iNOS inhibitory activity, with an IC(50) value of 31.70 μM.
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Wu HC, Cheng MJ, Peng CF, Yang SC, Chang HS, Lin CH, Wang CJ, Chen IS. Secondary metabolites from the stems of Engelhardia roxburghiana and their antitubercular activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 82:118-127. [PMID: 22818359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of stems of Engelhardia roxburghiana led to isolation of: four diarylheptanoids, engelheptanoxides A-D (1-4); two cyclic diarylheptanoids, engelhardiols A (5) and B (6); one naphthoquinone dimer, engelharquinonol (7); and one 1-tetralone, (4S)-4,6-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (8), along with 24 known compounds (9-32). The structures of 1-8 were by spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 5, 6, 13, 22, and 23 showed antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)Rv with MIC values of 72.7, 62.1, 9.1, 15.3, and 70.1μM, respectively.
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Wu MD, Cheng MJ, Yech YJ, Chen YL, Chen KP, Yang PH, Chen IS, Yuan GF. Monascusazaphilones A-C, three new azaphilone analogues isolated from the fungus Monascus purpureus BCRC 38108. Nat Prod Res 2012; 27:1145-52. [PMID: 23013165 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2012.715289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the 95% EtOH extract of red yeast rice fermented with the pink mutant of the fungus Monascus purpureus BCRC 38108 led to the isolation of three new azaphilone derivatives, namely monascusazaphilones A-C (1-3), together with two known compounds. Compounds 1-3 were isolated from this species for the first time. Their structures were elucidated by 1-D and 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy together with HR-ESI-MS analysis and comparison of the spectroscopic data with those reported in the literatures. All isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. Among the isolates, compound 1 demonstrated stronger inhibition on NO production.
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Chien YC, Lin CH, Chiang MY, Chang HS, Liao CH, Chen IS, Peng CF, Tsai IL. Secondary metabolites from the root of Ehretia longiflora and their biological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 80:50-57. [PMID: 22626966 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of the root of Ehretia longiflora (Boraginaceae) afforded eight compounds, ehretiquinone (1), ehretiolide (2), ehreticoumarin (3), ehretilactone A (4), ehretilactone B (5), ehretiamide (6), ehretine (7), and ehretiate (8), together with 12 known compounds (9-20). The relative configuration of 1 was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Among the isolates, 1 and prenylhydroquinone (14) showed antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv with MIC values of 25.0 and 26.2 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, 1 exhibited inhibitory effects on N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production, with IC₅₀ value of 0.36±0.03μM.
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Lu YC, Chang HS, Peng CF, Lin CH, Chen IS. Secondary metabolites from the unripe pulp of Persea americana and their antimycobacterial activities. Food Chem 2012; 135:2904-9. [PMID: 22980888 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of Persea americana (Avocado) are nowadays used as healthy fruits in the world. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction has led to the isolation of five new fatty alcohol derivatives, avocadenols A-D (1-4) and avocadoin (5) from the unripe pulp of P. americana, along with 12 known compounds (6-17). These structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Among the isolates, avocadenol A (1), avocadenol B (2), (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxynonadecane (6), and (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-ene (7) showed antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37)R(V)in vitro, with MIC values of 24.0, 33.8, 24.9, and 35.7 μg/ml, respectively.
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Chou TH, Chien SK, Hwang TL, Wei DC, Chen IS, Sung PJ, Cheng MJ, Yang SZ, Chang KM, Chen JJ. Orthoquinone and naphthalenone derivatives from Berrya ammonilla and their anti-inflammatory activity. PLANTA MEDICA 2012; 78:919-925. [PMID: 22499563 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1298460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new orthoquinone, berryammone A (1), and four new naphthalenone derivatives, berryammone B (2), berryammone C (3), 6-O-methylberryammone C (4), and 4-O-methylberryammone C (5), have been isolated from the stem of Berrya ammonilla, together with eleven known compounds (6-16). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Among the isolates, compounds 1-3, 5, (+)-pinoresinol (6), and betulinic acid (12) exhibited inhibition (IC50 ≤ 4.41 µM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, and 5 also inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC50 values ≤ 3.95 µM.
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Huang HY, Ko HH, Jin YJ, Yang SZ, Shih YA, Chen IS. Dihydrochalcone glucosides and antioxidant activity from the roots of Anneslea fragrans var. lanceolata. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 78:120-125. [PMID: 22459967 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the roots of Anneslea fragrans var. lanceolata led to the isolation of four dihydrochalcone glucosides, davidigenin-2'-O-(6″-O-4″'-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-glucoside (1), davidigenin-2'-O-(2″-O-4″'-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-glucoside (2), davidigenin-2'-O-(3″-O-4″'-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-glucoside (3), and davidigenin-2'-O-(6″-O-syringoyl)-β-glucoside (4), and 13 known compounds. The structures were identified by means of spectroscopic analysis. Davidigenin-2'-O-(6″-O-syringoyl)-β-glucoside (4), 1-O-3,4-dimethoxy-5-hydroxyphenyl-6-O-(3,5-di-O-methylgalloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (5), lyoniresinol (10), and syringic acid (13) showed ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] cation radical scavenging activity, with SC(50) values of 52.6 ± 5.5, 26.0 ± 0.7, 6.0 ± 0.2, and 27.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL in 20 min, respectively. Lyoniresinol (10), isofraxidin (12), and syringic acid (13) also showed DPPH [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl] radical scavenging activity, with SC(50) values of 8.4 ± 1.8, 51.6 ± 2.2, and 4.3 ± 0.7 μg/mL in 30 min, respectively.
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90
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Chen IS, Mok KT, Chou CT, Liu SI, Kuo CC, Hsu SS, Chang HT, Tsai JY, Liao WC, Jan CR. Effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate on Ca2+ movement and viability in MDCK canine renal tubular cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2012; 31:1251-61. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112446841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the natural compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) on cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) and viability in MDCK renal cells is unknown. This study explored whether PEITC changed [Ca2+]i in MDCK cells using the Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2. PEITC at 200–700 μM increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The signal was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+. PEITC-induced Ca2+ influx was inhibited by nifedipine, econazole, SK&F 96365 and protein kinase C modulators. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin (TG) or 2,5-di- tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) inhibited PEITC-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Incubation with PEITC also inhibited TG or BHQ-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. Inhibition of phospholipase C with U73122 abolished PEITC-induced rise in [Ca2+]i. At 15–75 μM, PEITC decreased viability. The cytotoxic effect of PEITC was enhanced by chelating cytosolic Ca2+ with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetraacetic acid/acetoxymethyl ester. Annexin V-FITC data suggest that 20 and 50 μM PEITC induced apoptosis. At 10 and 15 μM, PEITC did not increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Together, in renal tubular cells, PEITC-induced rise in [Ca2+]i by inducing phospholipase C-dependent Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via store-operated Ca2+ channels. PEITC induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent, ROS/Ca2+-independent manner.
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91
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Chou TH, Chen JJ, Peng CF, Cheng MJ, Chen IS. New flavanones from the leaves of Cryptocarya chinensis and their antituberculosis activity. Chem Biodivers 2012; 8:2015-24. [PMID: 22083914 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Four new flavanones, cryptoflavanones A-D (1-4, resp.), together with eight known compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Cryptocarya chinensis. The structures of these new compounds were determined by spectral analyses. Among the isolated compounds, pinocembrin (5) and cryptocaryone (6) exhibited antituberculosis activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H(37) Rv strain in vitro with MIC values of 3.5 and 25.0 μg/ml, respectively.
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92
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Ting CW, Hwang TL, Chen IS, Yen MH, Chen JJ. A new benzoylphloroglucinol derivative with an adamantyl skeleton and other constituents from Garcinia multiflora: effects on neutrophil pro-inflammatory responses. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:99-105. [PMID: 22253107 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A novel benzoylphloroglucinol derivative, garcimultiflorone D (1), with an unusual adamantyl-caged skeleton was isolated from the fruits of Garcinia multiflora, together with four known compounds. The structure of 1 was determined through extensive 1D/2D-NMR and mass-spectrometric analyses. Garcimultiflorone D (1) exhibited inhibitory activities with IC(50) values of 7.21±1.07 and 6.01±0.37 μg/ml against fMLP/CB-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release, respectively.
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93
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Huang HC, Chiou CT, Hsiao PC, Liaw CC, Zhang LJ, Chang CL, Chen IS, Chen WC, Lee KH, Kuo YH. Cytotoxic phenylpropanoids and a new triterpene, turformosinic acid, from Turpinia formosana Nakai. Molecules 2012; 17:1837-51. [PMID: 22334062 PMCID: PMC6268649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One new phenylpropanoid, turformosin A (1), and one new triterpene, turformosinic acid (2), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the stems of Turpinia formosana Nakai. All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques and MS analysis. Selected isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines and antioxidant scavenging effects on DPPH. (−)-(7′S,8′S)-threo-carolignan X (3) exhibited cytotoxicity against Hep2, WiDr, Daoy, and MCF-7 cell lines with ED50 values of 3.60, 4.45, 6.07, and 13.7 μg/mL, respectively. Turformosin A (1), (−)-(7′S,8′S)-threo-carolignan X (3), methoxyhydroquinone-4-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), and methoxy-hydroquinone-1-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), exhibited similar anti-oxidative activity. Hep2 cells treated with 10 μg/mL of 3 showed elevation of sub-G1 population (from 20% at 8 h to 60% at 48 h), and activation of caspase-9/caspase-3/PARP cascade. Compound 3 induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway in Hep2 cells with dose and time dependence (10 μg/mL for 8 h).
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Tanaka H, Atsumi I, Shirota O, Sekita S, Sakai E, Sato M, Murata J, Murata H, Darnaedi D, Chen IS. Three new constituents from the roots of Erythrina variegata and their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Biodivers 2012; 8:476-82. [PMID: 21404431 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two new isoflavonoids, eryvarins V and W (1 and 2, resp.), and a new chromen-4-one derivative, eryvarin X (3), along with three known isoflavonoids, 4-6, were isolated from the roots of Erythrina variegata. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 is a rare naturally occurring isoflavanone which possesses a OH group at C(3). Among the new compounds 1-3, 2 exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains.
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Wong SL, Chang HS, Wang GJ, Chiang MY, Huang HY, Chen CH, Tsai SC, Lin CH, Chen IS. Secondary metabolites from the roots of Neolitsea daibuensis and their anti-inflammatory activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2489-2496. [PMID: 22148193 DOI: 10.1021/np100874f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of the roots of Neolitsea daibuensis afforded three new β-carboline alkaloids, daibucarbolines A-C (1-3), three new sesquiterpenoids, daibulactones A and B (4 and 5) and daibuoxide (6), and 20 known compounds. The structures of 1-6 were determined by spectroscopic analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Daibucarboline A (1), isolinderalactone (7), 7-O-methylnaringenin (8), and prunetin (9) exhibited moderate iNOS inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of 18.41, 0.30, 19.55, and 10.50 μM, respectively.
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Mao YW, Tseng HW, Liang WL, Chen IS, Chen ST, Lee MH. Anti-inflammatory and free radial scavenging activities of the constituents isolated from Machilus zuihoensis. Molecules 2011; 16:9451-66. [PMID: 22075574 PMCID: PMC6264439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new biflavonol glycoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside-(3'→O-3''')-quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (9), together with eight known compounds was isolated for the first time from the leaves of Machilus zuihoensis Hayata (Lauraceae). The structure of compound 9 was elucidated by various types of spectroscopic data analysis. Analysis of the biological activity assay found that compound 9 showed significant superoxide anion scavenging activity (IC₅₀ is 30.4 μM) and markedly suppressed LPS-induced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) protein secretion in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the HMGB-1 protein secretion was also inhibited by quercitrin (3), ethyl caffeate (6), and ethyl 3-O-caffeoylquinate (7) treatment. In the LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activation analysis, two known compounds, quercetin (1) and ethyl caffeate (6), were found to markedly suppress nitric oxide (NO) production (IC₅₀ value, 27.6 and 42.9 μM, respectively) in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, it was determined that ethyl caffeate (6) down-regulated mRNA expressions of iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the LPS-treatment of RAW264.7 cells via a suppressed NF-kB pathway. These results suggested for the first time that the new compound 9 and other constituents isolated from M. zuihoensis have potential anti-inflammatory and superoxide anion scavenging effects. These constituents may be useful for treating various inflammatory diseases.
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Lee YZ, Huang CW, Yang CW, Hsu HY, Kang IJ, Chao YS, Chen IS, Chang HY, Lee SJ. Isolation and biological activities of phenanthroindolizidine and septicine alkaloids from the Formosan Tylophora ovata. PLANTA MEDICA 2011; 77:1932-1938. [PMID: 21728149 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1271199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of alkaloids present in the leaves and stems of Tylophora ovata led to the isolation of two new septicine alkaloids and one new phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid, tylophovatines A, B, C (1, 2, and 5), respectively, together with two known septicine and six known phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids. The structures of the new alkaloids 1, 2, and 5 were established by means of spectroscopic analyses. These eleven alkaloids show in vitro anti-inflammatory activities with IC₅₀ values ranging from 84 nM to 20.6 μM through their suppression of nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ. Moreover, these substances display growth inhibition in HONE-1, NUGC-3, HepG2, SF-268, MCF-7, and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines, with GI₅₀ values ranging from 4 nM to 24.2 μM. In addition, tylophovatine C (5) and 13a(S)-(+)-tylophorine (7) were found to exhibit potent in vivo anti-inflammation activities in a rat paw edema model. Finally, structure–activity relationships were probed by using the isolated phenanthroindolizidines and septicines. Phenanthroindolizidines are suggested to be divided into cytotoxic agents (e.g., 10 and 11) and anti-inflammation based anticancer agents (e.g., 5–9).
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Cheng MJ, Wu MD, Hsieh SY, Su YS, Chen IS, Yuan GF. Secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Annulohypoxylon boveri var. microspora BCRC 34012. Chem Nat Compd 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-011-9990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Huang YT, Chang HS, Wang GJ, Cheng MJ, Chen CH, Yang YJ, Chen IS. Anti-inflammatory endiandric acid analogues from the roots of Beilschmiedia tsangii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1875-1880. [PMID: 21846089 DOI: 10.1021/np200279r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of roots of Beilschmiedia tsangii led to the isolation of six new endiandric acid analogues: tsangibeilin A (1), tsangibeilin B (2), endiandramide A (3), endiandric acid K (4), endiandric acid L (5), and endiandramide B (6). Also isolated were two new lignans, beilschminol A (7) and tsangin C (8), and six known compounds. The structures of 1-8 were determined by spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 3 and 6 exhibited potent iNOS inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 9.59 and 16.40 μM, respectively.
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Cho JY, Lee TH, Hwang TL, Yang SZ, Chen IS, Chou TH, Sung PJ, Chen JJ. A New Ferulic Acid Ester, a New Ellagic Acid Derivative, and Other Constituents from Pachycentria formosana: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1709-16. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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