[Juvenile type of chronic myelogenous leukemia in a 3 6/12 year old boy with trisomy 21 mosaicism but no symptoms of Down's syndrome (author's transl)]

In a 3 6/12 year old boy, with the juvenile type of chronic myelogeneous leukemia cytogenetic examination of bone marrow and blood, performed two months before onset of the acute blastic crisis, showed two cell lines: the first one with a normal karyotype 46, XY and the second one with a trisomic karyotype 47, XY, +21. This finding of a mosaic trisomy 21 in a patient without symptoms of Down's syndrome allow to assume the trisomy cells to be malignant, and the type of mosaicism to be proliferative. This karyologic finding could be taken for an early prognostic, unfavourable sign of the disease. The significance of karyologic examination with exact classification of atypical leukemias is stressed.

[Chronic myelogenous leukaemia as a possible consequence of immunosuppressive treatment of nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)]

A boy, aged 14, suffered since his 5th year from nephrotic syndrome. During the first 7 years he had been treated with adrenocorticosteroids, but his condition hardly improved. Then a cyclophosphamide treatment was started with a total dosis of 5 g in 50 days. The nephrotic syndrome had disappeared, but relapsed 3 years afterwards, this time accompanied by chronic myelogenous leukaemia. The possibility of the onset of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in connection with the immunosuppressive therapy (adrenocorticosteroids and cyclophosphamide) is discussed.