Disseminated juvenile xanthogranuloma associated with follicular lymphoma in an adult: successful treatment with chemotherapy and rituximab. A review of the literature

Juvenile xanthogranuloma is a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that typically affects children, but several cases have been reported in adults, some in connection with hematologic malignancies. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with multiple xanthogranulomas who developed a follicular lymphoma after 4 years of follow-up. After 6 months of treatment with chemotherapy and rituximab, the cutaneous lesions disappeared and the patient achieved remission from lymphoma. We highlight this case because xanthogranuloma is a rare disorder that is difficult to diagnose in adults and also because this is the first report of an association between xanthogranuloma and follicular lymphoma. Excellent response was achieved with chemotherapy and rituximab. Finally, given the possible association between xanthogranulomas and hematologic diseases, these lesions may be a cutaneous manifestation of an occult malignancy.

[Nelson syndrome: a rare cause of generalized hyperpigmentation of the skin]

Nelson syndrome is a rare cause of generalized mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation. Its clinical manifestations are due to excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone from a pituitary adenoma, which develops after bilateral therapeutic adrenalectomy. As this operation has fallen into disuse, Nelson syndrome is now extremely rare and difficult to recognize. We present a very severe case of generalized hyperpigmentation due to Nelson syndrome in a 37-year-old woman.