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Ikeda M, Takahashi A, Kamatani Y, Okahisa Y, Kunugi H, Mori N, Sasaki T, Ohmori T, Okamoto Y, Kawasaki H, Shimodera S, Kato T, Yoneda H, Yoshimura R, Iyo M, Matsuda K, Akiyama M, Ashikawa K, Kashiwase K, Tokunaga K, Kondo K, Saito T, Shimasaki A, Kawase K, Kitajima T, Matsuo K, Itokawa M, Someya T, Inada T, Hashimoto R, Inoue T, Akiyama K, Tanii H, Arai H, Kanba S, Ozaki N, Kusumi I, Yoshikawa T, Kubo M, Iwata N. A genome-wide association study identifies two novel susceptibility loci and trans population polygenicity associated with bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:639-647. [PMID: 28115744 PMCID: PMC5822448 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several susceptibility loci for bipolar disorder (BD) and shown that the genetic architecture of BD can be explained by polygenicity, with numerous variants contributing to BD. In the present GWAS (Phase I/II), which included 2964 BD and 61 887 control subjects from the Japanese population, we detected a novel susceptibility locus at 11q12.2 (rs28456, P=6.4 × 10-9), a region known to contain regulatory genes for plasma lipid levels (FADS1/2/3). A subsequent meta-analysis of Phase I/II and the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium for BD (PGC-BD) identified another novel BD gene, NFIX (Pbest=5.8 × 10-10), and supported three regions previously implicated in BD susceptibility: MAD1L1 (Pbest=1.9 × 10-9), TRANK1 (Pbest=2.1 × 10-9) and ODZ4 (Pbest=3.3 × 10-9). Polygenicity of BD within Japanese and trans-European-Japanese populations was assessed with risk profile score analysis. We detected higher scores in BD cases both within (Phase I/II) and across populations (Phase I/II and PGC-BD). These were defined by (1) Phase II as discovery and Phase I as target, or vice versa (for 'within Japanese comparisons', Pbest~10-29, R2~2%), and (2) European PGC-BD as discovery and Japanese BD (Phase I/II) as target (for 'trans-European-Japanese comparison,' Pbest~10-13, R2~0.27%). This 'trans population' effect was supported by estimation of the genetic correlation using the effect size based on each population (liability estimates~0.7). These results indicate that (1) two novel and three previously implicated loci are significantly associated with BD and that (2) BD 'risk' effect are shared between Japanese and European populations.
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Ueta M, Hamuro J, Nishigaki H, Nakamura N, Shinomiya K, Mizushima K, Hitomi Y, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Yokoi N, Naito Y, Tokunaga K, Katoh N, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S. Mucocutaneous inflammation in the Ikaros Family Zinc Finger 1-keratin 5-specific transgenic mice. Allergy 2018; 73:395-404. [PMID: 28914974 DOI: 10.1111/all.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our genomewide association study documented an association between cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (CM-SJS/TEN) and Ikaros Family Zinc Finger 1 (IKZF1). Few studies examined biological and pathological functions of IKZF1 in mucosal immunity. We hypothesized that IKZF1 contributes to the mucocutaneous inflammation. METHODS Human skin and conjunctival tissues were obtained for immunohistological studies. Primary human conjunctival epithelial cells (PHCjECs) and adult human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) also used for gene expression analysis. We also generated K5-Ikzf1-EGFP transgenic mice (Ikzf1 Tg) by introducing the Ik1 isoform into cells expressing keratin 5, which is expressed in epithelial tissues such as the epidermis and conjunctiva, and then examined them histologically and investigated gene expression of the epidermis. Moreover, Ikzf1 Tg were induced allergic contact dermatitis. RESULTS We found that human epidermis and conjunctival epithelium expressed IKZF1, and in PHCjECs and HEKa, the expression of IKZF1 mRNA was upregulated by stimulation with polyI:C, a TLR3 ligand. In Ikzf1 Tg, we observed dermatitis and mucosal inflammation including the ocular surface. In contact dermatitis model, inflammatory infiltrates in the skin of Ikzf1 Tg were significantly increased compared with wild type. Microarray analysis showed that Lcn2, Adh7, Epgn, Ifi202b, Cdo1, Gpr37, Duoxa1, Tnfrsf4, and Enpp5 genes were significantly upregulated in the epidermis of Ikzf1 Tg compared with wild type. CONCLUSION Our findings support the hypothesis that Ikaros might participate in mucocutaneous inflammation.
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Nakamura K, Alam M, Jiang Y, Mitarai O, Kurihara K, Kawamata Y, Sueoka M, Takechi M, Hasegawa M, Tokunaga K, Araki K, Zushi H, Hanada K, Fujisawa A, Idei H, Nagashima Y, Kawasaki S, Nakashima H, Higashijima A, Nagata T, Fukuyama A. Plasma equilibrium based on RF-driven current profile without assuming nested magnetic surfaces on QUEST. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Koge J, Matsumoto S, Nakahara I, Ishii A, Hatano T, Sadamasa N, Kai Y, Ando M, Saka M, Chihara H, Takita W, Tokunaga K, Kamata T, Nishi H, Hashimoto T, Tsujimoto A, Kira J, Nagata I. Reduction in stroke alert response time for patients with in-hospital stroke using a standardized protocol. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Matsumoto S, Koyama H, Hatano T, Sadamasa N, Kai Y, Saka M, Ando M, Hashimoto T, Chihara H, Takita W, Tokunaga K, Kamata T, Tujimoto A, Nagata I, Kira J. The development of visual task management ICT system for acute stroke care. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Skoda U, Bertrams J, Dykes D, Eiberg H, Hobart M, Hummel K, Kühnl P, Mauff G, Nakamura S, Nishimukai H, Raum D, Tokunaga K, Widinger S. Proposal for the Nomenclature of Human Plasminogen (PLG)
Polymorphism. Vox Sang 2017. [DOI: 10.1159/000461502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Toyo‐oka L, Mahasirimongkol S, Yanai H, Mushiroda T, Wattanapokayakit S, Wichukchinda N, Yamada N, Smittipat N, Juthayothin T, Palittapongarnpim P, Nedsuwan S, Kantipong P, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Sawanpanyalert P, Tokunaga K. Strain‐based
HLA
association analysis identified
HLA‐DRB1
*09:01
associated with modern strain tuberculosis. HLA 2017; 90:149-156. [DOI: 10.1111/tan.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Suzuki S, Ueda Y, Tokunaga K, Sato K, Akiba M. Present Research Status on Divertor and Plasma Facing Components for Fusion Power Plants. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst03-a308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ueda Y, Ohno N, Kajita S, Kurishita H, Iwakiri H, Tokunaga K, Yoshida N. Development of Tungsten Materials for Plasma Facing Components in Japan. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst07-a1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Muroga T, Sze DK, Okuno K, Terai T, Kimura A, Kurtz RJ, Sagara A, Nygren R, Ueda Y, Doerner RP, Sharpe JP, Kunugi T, Morley NB, Hatano Y, Sokolov MA, Yamamoto T, Hasegawa A, Katoh Y, Ohno N, Tokunaga K, Konishi S, Fukada S, Calderoni P, Yokomine T, Messadek K, Oya Y, Hashimoto N, Hinoki T, Hashizume H, Norimatsu T, Shikama T, Stoller RE, Tanaka KA, Tillack MS. Midterm Summary of Japan-US Fusion Cooperation Program TITAN. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst11-a12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Higaki M, Otsuka T, Tokunaga K, Hashizume K, Ezato K, Suzuki S, Enoeda M, Akiba M. Determination of Hydrogen Diffusion Coefficients in F82H by Hydrogen Depth Profiling with a Tritium Imaging Plate Technique. FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst14-t33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Kobayahi-Ishihara M, Wada Y, Terahara K, Takeyama H, Kawana-Tachikawa A, Tokunaga K, Yamagishi M, Martinez JP, Meyerhans A. Homeostatically Maintained Resting Naive CD4 + T Cells Resist Latent HIV Reactivation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1944. [PMID: 27990142 PMCID: PMC5130990 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic proliferation (HSP) is a major mechanism by which long-lived naïve and memory CD4+ T cells are maintained in vivo and suggested to contribute to the persistence of the latent HIV-1 reservoir. However, while many in vitro latency models rely on CD4+ T cells that were initially differentiated via T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation into memory/effector cells, latent infection of naïve resting CD4+ T cells maintained under HSP conditions has not been fully addressed. Here, we describe an in vitro HSP culture system utilizing the cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 that allows studying latency in naïve resting CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells isolated from several healthy donors were infected with HIV pseudotypes expressing GFP and cultured under HSP conditions or TCR conditions as control. Cell proliferation, phenotype, and GFP expression were analyzed by flow cytometry. RNA expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. Under HSP culture conditions, latently HIV-1 infected naïve cells are in part maintained in the non-dividing (= resting) state. Although a few HIV-1 provirus+ cells were present in these resting GFP negative cells, the estimated level of GFP transcripts per infected cell seems to indicate a block at the post-transcriptional level. Interestingly, neither TCR nor the prototypic HDAC inhibitor SAHA were able to reactivate HIV-1 provirus from these cells. This lack of reactivation was not due to methylation of the HIV LTR. These results point to a mechanism of HIV control in HSP-cultured resting naïve CD4+ T cells that may be distinct from that in TCR-stimulated memory/effector T cells.
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Yuan T, Yao W, Tokunaga K, Yang R, Sun B. An HIV-1 capsid binding protein TRIM11 accelerates viral uncoating. Retrovirology 2016; 13:72. [PMID: 27737691 PMCID: PMC5062926 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several members of the TRIM family have been implicated in antiviral defense. Our previous report showed that human TRIM11 potently inhibited HIV-1 transduction by reducing the viral reverse transcripts. These results prompted us to examine the effect of TRIM11 on HIV-1 uncoating, which is closely related to viral reverse transcription. RESULTS Using a combination of in vitro binding and in situ proximity ligation assay, we showed that TRIM11 could interact with HIV-1 capsid. Overexpression of TRIM11 accelerates HIV-1 uncoating and reduces viral reverse transcription indicated by the fate-of-capsid assay and quantitative PCR respectively. Knockdown of TRIM11 enhanced HIV-1 capsid stability and increased viral reverse transcription. However, the replication of another retrovirus MLV is not affected by TRIM11. Moreover, the reverse transcription of HIV-1 mutant bearing capsid G89V showed insensitivity to restriction by TRIM11, indicating that the viral determinant of restriction by TRIM11 might reside on capsid. Using microtubule dynamics inhibitors, we revealed that microtubule dynamics contributes to TRIM11-mediated HIV-1 capsid premature disassembly and the reduction of reverse transcription levels. Finally, we demonstrated that TRIM11 inhibits HIV-1 transduction and accelerates viral uncoating in HIV-1 permissive THP-1-derived macrophages. CONCLUSIONS We identify TRIM11 as a new HIV-1 capsid binding protein. Our data also reveal that TRIM11 restricts HIV-1 reverse transcription by accelerating viral uncoating, and microtubule dynamics is implicated in TRIM11-imposed block to early events of HIV-1 replication.
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Wattanapokayakit S, Mushiroda T, Yanai H, Wichukchinda N, Chuchottawon C, Nedsuwan S, Rojanawiwat A, Denjanta S, Kantima T, Wongyai J, Suwankesawong W, Rungapiromnan W, Kidkeukarun R, Bamrungram W, Chaiwong A, Suvichapanich S, Mahasirimongkol S, Tokunaga K. NAT2 slow acetylator associated with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury in Thai patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 20:1364-1369. [DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tokunaga K, Shiraishi A, Takenouchi S, Yokochi R, Muranaka K, Shinozaki M, Hagino N, Nishino J, Tohma S. FRI0085 Forefoot Disease Activity Has The Impact on Boolean Remission in Japanese Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Miyadera H, Bungener LB, Kusano S, Yokoyama S, Tokunaga K, Hepkema BG. Questionable expression of unstable DQ heterodimer containing HLA-DQA1*01:07. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:413-8. [PMID: 26555242 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DQA1*01:07 was identified as an HLA-DQ blank specificity that segregated with the serological HLA-A2, -B7, -DR14, -DR52 haplotype, which carried DQB1*05:03. The blank specificity of DQA1*01:07-DQB1*05:03 may be because of lack of reactivity of available typing sera, or disruption of proper assembly of DQ heterodimer. The cDNA sequence of DQA1*01:07 is nearly identical to DQA1*01:04 except for a variant at position 304, which results in the replacement of an arginine with a cysteine at 79α. To determine whether the DQA1*01:07 product can be expressed on cell-surface, we co-expressed DQA1*01:07 with various DQB1*05 or *06 alleles in fibroblast cells. Cell-surface expression of DQ was detectable when DQA1*01:07 was co-expressed with DQB1*06:04 but undetectable with other DQB1*05 and DQB1*06 alleles, including DQB1*05:03, to which DQA1*01:07 was encoded in cis. These data suggest that DQA1*01:07 may act as a phenotypically null allele in the DQA1*01:07-DQB1*05:03 haplotype, while it can be expressed at a low level in the presences of certain DQB1*06 alleles, such as DQB1*06:04, in trans. Based on the null or low expression of DQA1*01:07 as shown in the previous and present studies, DQA1*01:07 has recently been renamed to DQA1*01:07Q, indicating its questionable expression.
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Nishida N, Ohashi J, Sugiyama M, Tsuchiura T, Yamamoto K, Hino K, Honda M, Kaneko S, Yatsuhashi H, Koike K, Yokosuka O, Tanaka E, Taketomi A, Kurosaki M, Izumi N, Sakamoto N, Eguchi Y, Sasazuki T, Tokunaga K, Mizokami M. Effects of HLA-DPB1 genotypes on chronic hepatitis B infection in Japanese individuals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:406-12. [PMID: 26449183 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Significant associations of HLA-DP alleles with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection are evident in Asian and Arabian populations, including Japanese, Han Chinese, Korean, and Saudi Arabian populations. Here, significant associations between CHB infection and five DPB1 alleles (two susceptibility alleles, DPB1(*) 05:01 and (*) 09:01, and three protective alleles, DPB1(*) 02:01, (*) 04:01, and (*) 04:02) were confirmed in a population comprising of 2582 Japanese individuals. Furthermore, odds ratios for CHB were higher for those with both DPB1 susceptibility alleles than for those with only one susceptibility allele; therefore, effects of susceptibility alleles were additive for risk of CHB infection. Similarly, protective alleles showed an additive effect on protection from CHB infection. Moreover, heterozygotes of any protective allele showed stronger association with CHB than did homozygotes, suggesting that heterozygotes may bind a greater variety of hepatitis B-derived peptides, and thus present these peptides more efficiently to T-cell receptors than homozygotes. Notably, compound heterozygote of the protective allele (any one of DPB1*02:01, *04:01, and *04:02) and the susceptible allele DPB1*05:01 was significantly associated with protection against CHB infection, which indicates that one protective HLA-DPB1 molecule can provide dominant protection. Identification of the HLA-DPB1 genotypes associated with susceptibility to and protection from CHB infection is essential for future analysis of the mechanisms responsible for immune recognition of hepatitis B virus antigens by HLA-DPB1 molecules.
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Ueta M, Tokunaga K, Sotozono C, Sawai H, Yoon K, Kim M, Seo K, Joo C, Kinoshita S. HLA-A*02:06 and PTGER3 polymorphism exerts additive effects in cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome with severe ocular complications in Japanese and Korean populations. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Omura K, Watanabe T, Okada Y, Okumura H, Tokunaga K. SUN-PP088: Supplementation of Leucine and Vitamin D Following Rising Training May Reinforce the Muscle Strength of Old Inpatients. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Oshikawa H, Kishimoto M, Yoshida K, Takizawa N, Tokunaga K, Nakano H, Minoda M, Kobayashi T, Matsui K. THU0287 Parvovirus B19 Infection Mimics Various Rheumatic Diseases: Clinical Features and Frequency of Fulfilling the Criteria for Rheumatoid Arthritis or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kobayashi T, Kishimoto M, Ohara Y, Tokunaga K, Takizawa N, Nakano H, Minoda M, Oshikawa H, Yoshida K, Okada M, Matsui K. THU0405 A Strong Association between Hla-A*26 and BehÇEt's Syndrome in Japanese Patients without Diagnostic Bias; Two-Center Cohort Study of BehÇEt's Syndrome: Table 1. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Utachee P, Isarangkura-na-ayuthaya P, Tokunaga K, Ikuta K, Takeda N, Kameoka M. Impact of amino acid substitutions in the V2 and C2 regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF01_AE envelope glycoprotein gp120 on viral neutralization susceptibility to broadly neutralizing antibodies specific for the CD4 binding site. Retrovirology 2014; 11:32. [PMID: 24758333 PMCID: PMC4003292 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-11-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp120 is a functionally conserved, important target of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) neutralizing antibodies. Two neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies, IgG1 b12 (b12) and VRC01, are broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies which recognize conformational epitopes that overlap the CD4bs of Env gp120; however, many CRF01_AE viruses are resistant to neutralization mediated by these antibodies. We examined the mechanism underlying the b12 resistance of the viruses using CRF01_AE Env (AE-Env)-recombinant viruses in this study. Results Our results showed that an amino acid substitution at position 185 in the V2 region of gp120 played a crucial role in regulating the b12 susceptibility of AE-Env-recombinant viruses by cooperating with 2 previously reported potential N-linked glycosylation (PNLG) sites at positions 186 (N186) and 197 (N197) in the V2 and C2 regions of Env gp120. The amino acid residue at position 185 and 2 PNLG sites were responsible for the b12 resistance of 21 of 23 (>91%) AE-Env clones tested. Namely, the introduction of aspartic acid at position 185 (D185) conferred b12 susceptibility of 12 resistant AE-Env clones in the absence of N186 and/or N197, while the introduction of glycine at position 185 (G185) reduced the b12 susceptibility of 9 susceptible AE-Env clones in the absence of N186 and/or N197. In addition, these amino acid mutations altered the VRC01 susceptibility of many AE-Env clones. Conclusions We propose that the V2 and C2 regions of AE-Env gp120 contain the major determinants of viral resistance to CD4bs antibodies. CRF01_AE is a major circulating recombinant form of HIV-1 prevalent in Southeast Asia. Our data may provide important information to understand the molecular mechanism regulating the neutralization susceptibility of CRF01_AE viruses to CD4bs antibodies.
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Tada T, Kadoki M, Liu Y, Tokunaga K, Iwakura Y. Transgenic expression of the human LEDGF/p75 gene relieves the species barrier against HIV-1 infection in mouse cells. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:377. [PMID: 24381568 PMCID: PMC3865800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to create mouse models for AIDS have been hampered by species barriers in HIV-1 infection. We previously showed that the nuclear accumulation of HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC) was suppressed in mouse cells. Lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF/p75) is a host factor identified as a binding partner of integrase (IN), and has been suggested to be involved in promoting viral integration by tethering PIC to the chromatin, which are observed as nuclear accumulation of IN by LEDGF/p75. Therefore, we here hypothesized that this host factor might act as one of the species-specific barriers in mouse cells. We generated transgenic (Tg) mice that constitutively express human (h) LEDGF/p75. The GFP-fused IN was efficiently accumulated into the nucleus of hLEDGF/p75 expressing Tg mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells in contrast to the control MEF cells. Importantly, hLEDGF/p75 Tg MEF cells were significantly more susceptible to HIV-1 infection. These results suggest that LEDGF/p75 is one of the host factors that constitute species barrier against HIV-1 in mouse cells.
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Nakagawa M, Sugiu K, Tokunaga K, Sakamoto C, Fujiwara K. The proposal of subgroups for grade V on World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons grading for subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Sci 2013; 57:303-306. [PMID: 24091433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Some of cases suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhages (SAHs) in grade V on World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons (WFNS) grading can gain a good prognosis. The outcome of patients of SAH in grade V on WFNS grading in their institute was here investigated. METHODS Between April 2007 and July 2012, consecutive 37 patients had SAH diagnosed on CT scan and were classified in grade V on WFNS grading in Kosei General Hospital. There were seventeen male and twenty female patients. We were assigned to patients with spontaneous respiration and without oculomotor palsy (N group, N.=11), and patients with oculomotor palsy (O group, N.=26). Patients were evaluated by mRS. RESULTS The prognosis in N group was significantly better than in O group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION Surgical treatments should be considered for SAH patients without oculomotor palsy. It is necessary to make subgroups in grade V on WFNS grading in order to decide operative indication and evaluate the treatment results of SAH in grade V.
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Hasegawa M, Nakamura K, Zushi H, Hanada K, Fujisawa A, Matsuoka K, Mitarai O, Idei H, Nagashima Y, Tokunaga K, Kawasaki S, Nakashima H, Higashijima A. Development of plasma control system for divertor configuration on QUEST. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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