51
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Increasing clinical and economic burden of heart failure among older Australians. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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52
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Estimating the current and future incidence and prevalence of heart failure in the Australian adult population. Heart Lung Circ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.06.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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53
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Associations between human leukocyte antigen class I variants and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis subtypes causing disease. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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54
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Interstudy reproducibility of echocardiographic parameters in the serial assessment of left ventricular diastolic function. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht308.p1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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55
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PP122—Regulation of human leukocyte antigen expression and nevirapine-induced adverse drug reactions in a malawian hiv-positive population. Clin Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.07.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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56
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Genome organization is a major component of gene expression control in response to stress and during the cell division cycle in trypanosomes. Open Biol 2013; 2:120033. [PMID: 22724062 PMCID: PMC3376733 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The trypanosome genome is characterized by RNA polymerase II-driven polycistronic transcription of protein-coding genes. Ten to hundreds of genes are co-transcribed from a single promoter; thus, selective regulation of individual genes via initiation is impossible. However, selective responses to external stimuli occur and post-transcriptional mechanisms are thought to account for all temporal gene expression patterns. We show that genes encoding mRNAs that are differentially regulated during the heat-shock response are selectively positioned in polycistronic transcription units; downregulated genes are close to transcription initiation sites and upregulated genes are distant. We demonstrate that the position of a reporter gene within a transcription unit is sufficient to reproduce this effect. Analysis of gene ontology annotations reveals that positional bias is not restricted to stress-response genes and that there is a genome-wide organization based on proximity to transcription initiation sites. Furthermore, we show that the relative abundance of mRNAs at different time points in the cell division cycle is dependent on the location of the corresponding genes to transcription initiation sites. This work provides evidence that the genome in trypanosomes is organized to facilitate co-coordinated temporal control of gene expression in the absence of selective promoters.
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57
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An Evolving Pattern of Cardiovascular Risk in 14,315 Men and Women Attending A Nurse-Led, Cardiac Profiling and Prevention Clinic over a Quarter of a Century. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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58
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Presence of a Practice Nurse to Facilitate An Intensive, Structured Care Approach to Hypertension Management in Primary Care Results in Improved Adherence to the Strategy and Better BP Control. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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59
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Interstudy Reproducibility of Echocardiographic Parameters in the Serial Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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60
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HLA-Cw*0102-restricted HIV-1 p24 epitope variants can modulate the binding of the inhibitory KIR2DL2 receptor and primary NK cell function. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441343 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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61
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F8 haplotype and inhibitor risk: results from the Hemophilia Inhibitor Genetics Study (HIGS) Combined Cohort. Haemophilia 2012; 19:113-8. [PMID: 22958194 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ancestral background, specifically African descent, confers higher risk for development of inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) in haemophilia A. It has been suggested that differences in the distribution of FVIII gene (F8) haplotypes, and mismatch between endogenous F8 haplotypes and those comprising products used for treatment could contribute to risk. Data from the Hemophilia Inhibitor Genetics Study (HIGS) Combined Cohort were used to determine the association between F8 haplotype 3 (H3) vs. haplotypes 1 and 2 (H1 + H2) and inhibitor risk among individuals of genetically determined African descent. Other variables known to affect inhibitor risk including type of F8 mutation and human leucocyte antigen (HLA) were included in the analysis. A second research question regarding risk related to mismatch in endogenous F8 haplotype and recombinant FVIII products used for treatment was addressed. Haplotype 3 was associated with higher inhibitor risk among those genetically identified (N = 49) as of African ancestry, but the association did not remain significant after adjustment for F8 mutation type and the HLA variables. Among subjects of all racial ancestries enrolled in HIGS who reported early use of recombinant products (N = 223), mismatch in endogenous haplotype and the FVIII proteins constituting the products used did not confer greater risk for inhibitor development. Haplotype 3 was not an independent predictor of inhibitor risk. Furthermore, our findings did not support a higher risk of inhibitors in the presence of a haplotype mismatch between the FVIII molecule infused and that of the individual.
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62
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Frequent and strong antibody-mediated NK cell activation to HIV-1 Env in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441410 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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63
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KIR-HLA footprints and NK cell-mediated recognition of HIV-1. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441946 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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64
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Recognition and management of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis on the ICU: a case series. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363859 DOI: 10.1186/cc11048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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65
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Predictors of 6-Minute Walk Test in at Risk Population without Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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66
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High Risk for Heart Failure? Clinical and Risk Profile of the Nurse-led Intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure (NIL-CHF) Study Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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67
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Preliminary Results of the IMPRESS Study: Reducing Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Nurse-led Primary Intervention Program for High Risk Participants. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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68
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Phenotyping Post-Hospitalisation Heart Rate and Rhythm Control in Typically Older Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation and at High Risk of Future Morbidity and Premature Mortality. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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69
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Do Recent Clinical Trial Cohorts Reflect the Clinical Conundrums Posed by “Real World” Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation? Comparison of the Standard versus Atrial Fibrillation spEcific managemenT studY (SAFETY) Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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70
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A Multicentre, Randomised Controlled Trial of a Structured Care Algorithm to Achieve Individual Blood Pressure Targets at 26 weeks in Primary Care: The VIPER-BP Study. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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71
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Prevalence and Prognostic Importance of Combined Depression and Cognitive Impairment in Typically Older Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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72
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Heart Failure, Ventricular Dysfunction and Risk Factor Prevalence in a Young Aboriginal Population: The Heart of the Heart Study. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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73
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Impact of a Multidisciplinary, Home-Based Health Care Program Versus Usual Care for Privately Insured Cardiac Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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74
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Pressure Points in Primary Care: A Study of Blood Pressure in 532,050 Patients in Australia from 2005 to 2010. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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75
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Recognition of paternal trophoblast HLA-C by maternal uterine NK cell KIR determines the outcome of pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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76
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Symptoms to Definitive Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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77
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Low Framingham Risk Patients with a Family History of Premature Atherosclerosis May Benefit from Measurement of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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78
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Standing at the Crossroad: Cholesterol Levels and Management of Dyslipidaemia in Primary Care of 199,331 Australians from 2004 to Mid-2009. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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79
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Which Heart Failure Intervention is Most Cost-effective & Consumer Friendly in Reducing Hospital Care? Results from the Multicentre Randomised WHICH? Trial. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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80
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Differential Lipid Profiles According to Ethnicity in the ‘Heart of Soweto Study’ Cohort of de novo Presentations of Heart Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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81
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Gradients in High-density Lipoprotein Levels in Urban Africans Presenting with Communicable Versus Non-communicable Forms of Heart Disease: The Heart of Soweto Study. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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82
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Redefining the African ECG: Electrocardiographic Findings in Heart Disease-free Urban Africans. Heart Lung Circ 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2011.05.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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83
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Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the mestizo population from Venezuela. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2010; 75:724-9. [PMID: 20210918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study represents the first report on the distribution of KIR genes in 205 unrelated healthy mestizo Venezuelan individuals. Genotyping analysis showed that all KIR genes are present in this population. Frequency of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) exceeded 0.69, except for KIR2DL2 (0.29) and 2DL5 (0.37). Activating KIRs showed low frequencies (0.11-0.29), except for KIR2DS4 (0.68). Forty-five different KIR genotypes were identified, with a predominance of three genotypes found in 50.7% of the population of which 25.9% were individuals homozygous for haplotype A. The frequencies of KIR genes reflect the ethnic admixture existing in the mestizo Venezuelan population.
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84
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Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A1-B8-DR3 (8.1) haplotype, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G-308A, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Leukemia 2010; 24:1055-8. [PMID: 20147981 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2010.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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85
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Defining Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in an Interventional Study for Prevention of Congestive Heart Failure (NILCHF Study). Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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86
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Electrocardiographic Abnormalities in Community Screening in Regional Victoria: Results from the Healthy Hearts—Beyond City Limits Program. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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87
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A Not so Rare Form of Heart Failure in Urban Black Africans: Right Heart Failure in the Heart of Soweto Study Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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88
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Standing at the Crossroad Between Old and New Forms of Heart Disease in a Black Urban Population in South Africa: The Heart of Soweto Cohort Study. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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89
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ECG Abnormalities in a Community Cohort of Indigenous Adults in Central Australia: The Heart of the Heart Cohort Study. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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90
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A Randomised Controlled Study of a Multidisciplinary, Home-based Health Care Program for Privately Insured Cardiac Patients: The Young @ Heart Study. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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91
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A Contemporary Reflection on Cholesterol Levels in Australian General Practice: An Analysis of Close to Half A Million Patient Visits. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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92
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Asymptomatic Myocardial Diastolic Dysfunction is prevalent in the Australian Tertiary Hospital Population with Cardiovascular Risk Factors (Experience from the NIL-CHF Study). Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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93
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ECG Characteristics in Heart Disease-free Urban Black Africans. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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94
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High Risk for Heart Failure? Underlying Cardiac Dysfunction in the Nurse-led Intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure (NIL-CHF) Study Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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95
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Incidence and characteristics of newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease in Urban African adults: insights from the Heart of Soweto Study. Eur Heart J 2009; 31:719-27. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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96
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OA011-05. TLR-mediated pDC responses to HIV-1 ligands. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767531 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-o11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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97
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P10-01. MHC class I chain-related protein A shedding in chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with profound NK cell dysfunction. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767618 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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98
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HLA-associated clinical progression correlates with epitope reversion rates in early human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Virol 2009; 83:1228-39. [PMID: 19019964 PMCID: PMC2620910 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01545-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can evade immunity shortly after transmission to a new host but the clinical significance of this early viral adaptation in HIV infection is not clear. We present an analysis of sequence variation from a longitudinal cohort study of HIV adaptation in 189 acute seroconverters followed for up to 3 years. We measured the rates of variation within well-defined epitopes to determine associations with the HLA-linked hazard of disease progression. We found early reversion across both the gag and pol genes, with a 10-fold faster rate of escape in gag (2.2 versus 0.27 forward mutations/1,000 amino acid sites). For most epitopes (23/34), variation in the HLA-matched and HLA-unmatched controls was similar. For a minority of epitopes (8/34, and generally associated with HLA class I alleles that confer clinical benefit), new variants appeared early and consistently over the first 3 years of infection. Reversion occurred early at a rate which was HLA-dependent and correlated with the HLA class 1-associated relative hazard of disease progression and death (P = 0.0008), reinforcing the association between strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses, viral fitness, and disease status. These data provide a comprehensive overview of viral adaptation in the first 3 years of infection. Our findings of HLA-dependent reversion suggest that costs are borne by some escape variants which may benefit the host, a finding contrary to a simple immune evasion paradigm. These epitopes, which are both strongly and frequently recognized, and for which escape involves a high cost to the virus, have the potential to optimize vaccine design.
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99
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The Nurse-led Intervention for Less Chronic Heart Failure (NIL-CHF) Study. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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100
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Incidence and Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed Rheumatic Heart Disease in Urban African Adults: Insights from the Heart of Soweto Study. Heart Lung Circ 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2009.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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