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Zaben M, Zafar M, Bukhari S, Leach P, Hayhurst C. Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach for resection of malignant pituitary blastoma in an 18-month-old infant: a technical note. Neurosurgery 2015; 10 Suppl 4:649-53. [PMID: 24978649 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000000474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sella and suprasellar tumors are increasingly managed via an endoscopic transsphenoidal approach, but infant endoscopic surgery has not been reported. Pituitary blastoma is a rare sellar malignant tumor that primarily occurs in infants and is managed by surgical resection (cytoreduction) followed by adjuvant therapy. OBJECTIVE To describe the technique and feasibility of resection of a pituitary blastoma via endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach in an 18-month-old infant. METHODS Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for resection of a pituitary malignant tumor in an infant. RESULTS Near-total tumor resection was achieved. The skull base was reconstructed by using a nasoseptal flap with no cerebrospinal fluid leak or any other intraoperative complications. The postoperative course was uneventful. One-year follow-up showed complete resolution of the tumor. CONCLUSION The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach with nasoseptal flap reconstruction could be used as a safe, yet minimally invasive and innovative technique for the resection of pituitary blastoma in infants.
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A S, Rahim S, Bhatti KH, Khan A, Din N, Imran M, Mohsin M, Ishtiaq M, Nabila A, Ansari A, Hussain S, Zafar M, Mushtaq M, Mumtaz E, Iqbal J. Ethnobotanical study and conservation status of trees in the district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2015.84.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Shahid M, Hameed S, Tariq M, Zafar M, Ali A, Ahmad N. Characterization of mineral phosphate-solubilizing bacteria for enhanced sunflower growth and yield-attributing traits. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-0991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Zafar M, Kumar S, Kumar S, Dhiman AK, Park HS. Maintenance-energy-dependent dynamics of growth and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] production by Azohydromonas lata MTCC 2311 using simple and renewable carbon substrates. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20140312s00002434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yasin S, Luckham PF, Iqbal T, Zafar M, Ramzan N. Adsorption and Rheology of Graphitic Carbon Black Nonaqueous Dispersions Prepared Using Nonionic Surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2012.683978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yasin S, Luckham PF, Iqbal T, Zafar M. Scaling in Electrical Conductivity Measurements and Rheological Measurements of Monarch 700 Dispersions Stabilized by Polymers. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2011.635525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zafar M, Kumar S, Kumar S. Optimization of napthalene biodegradation by a genetic algorithm based response surface methodology. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-66322010000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zafar N, Zafar M. P685 A study to ascertain the knowledge, attitude and practice about breast cancer and its prevention among a diverse group of Pakistani women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62176-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shafiq M, Tanwir M, Tariq A, Kasi PM, Zafar M, Saleem A, Rehman R, Zaidi SZ, Taj F, Khuwaja AA, Shaikh KS, Khuwaja AK. Epilepsy: public knowledge and attitude in a slum area of Karachi, Pakistan. Seizure 2007; 16:330-7. [PMID: 17379542 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2007.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2006] [Revised: 05/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a common but widely misunderstood illness. Consequently, epileptics suffer from considerable stigmatization in society. Since no studies have detailed the misperceptions about epilepsy in our community, it is not possible to provide focused intervention aimed at eliminating this prejudice. PURPOSE To assess the knowledge and attitude regarding epilepsy in an adult population of a Karachi slum area. METHODS A face-to-face interview was conducted on 487 consenting adult non-epileptics (305 males; 182 females) who were conveniently sampled. Chi-square test was employed to calculate the variability in knowledge and attitude with demographic and other variables. RESULTS In all, 12.5% had never heard about epilepsy. Among the rest, 66.7% identified epilepsy as being non-infectious, while 28.2% were unaware of any treatment available for it. Among the other 71.8%, 62.7% were aware of the existence of anti-epileptic drugs. Religious/spiritual treatment was chosen as the most effective treatment by 33.1%. Males were more likely to identify epilepsy as being non-infectious (p=0.02). Nearly 18% of the respondents would not object to their child marrying an epileptic, 69.5% did not want to socially isolate the epileptics, 83.1% said epileptics could receive academic education, 85.6% said they could perform activities of daily life and 62.4% said they could become useful members of the society. Those who considered epilepsy to be infectious were more likely to carry negative attitudes towards epilepsy (p<0.01 with four attitudes). CONCLUSIONS Considerable gaps exist in the community's knowledge about epilepsy. Some of these may explain the prevalence of negative attitudes towards this ailment.
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Al-Yaqout AF, Hamoda MF, Zafar M. Characteristics of Wastes, Leachate, and Gas at Landfills Operated in Arid Climate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1061/(asce)1090-025x(2005)9:2(97)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Zafar M, Alappat BJ. Landfill surface runoff and its effect on water quality on river Yamuna. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2004; 39:375-384. [PMID: 15027821 DOI: 10.1081/ese-120027529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
During 2000, the estimated quantity of solid waste generated in Delhi, India was more than 9000 tones per day. This is one of the biggest sources of environmental degradation in capital city of India. Since 1950's over 12 large landfill have been packed with all kinds of nonbiodegradable and toxic waste of Delhi. The area covered is at least 1% (14.83 square kilometer) of total Delhi's area. All the landfill sites except Tilak Nagar, Hastal, and Chattarpur are located very closely (0.5-6 km) to the river Yamuna. It contributes the pollution to river Yamuna in a significant way in a form of surface runoff from landfill site especially in rainy season. The chemical analysis of leachate produced by these landfill sites and corresponding river section (at five river points) has been performed for 16 selected parameter (Temperature, Odor, pH, Turbidity, Conductivity, COD, Total Solids, Sulphide, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron) in the first stage and for 8 parameters (pH, Conductivity, COD, Total Solids, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron) in second stage. The study was conducted between August to October, 2000 (rainy season). It is clear from the study that the river water quality is affected by the presence of landfill surface runoff. Its impact can be seen in the region where the drains are meeting the river. This is one of the causes of river pollution apart from other major municipal and industrial sources.
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Turgay A, Tong L, Ansari R, Khosroshahi H, Ng D, Zafar M, Jagdeo J, Azzopardi P. Age, Gender, Subtype and Comorbidity Relations in 1000 Children and Adolescents with Adhd. Paediatr Child Health 2002. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/7.suppl_a.34ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zafar M, Van Doren CL. Effectiveness of supplemental grasp-force feedback in the presence of vision. Med Biol Eng Comput 2000; 38:267-74. [PMID: 10912342 DOI: 10.1007/bf02347046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that supplemental grasp-force feedback can improve control for users of a hand prosthesis or neuroprosthesis under conditions where vision provides little force information. Visual cues of force are widely available in everyday use, however, and may obviate the utility of supplemental force information. The purpose of the present study was to use a video-based hand neuroprosthesis simulator to determine whether grasp-force feedback can improve control in the presence of realistic visual information. Seven able-bodied subjects used the simulator to complete a simple grasp-and-hold task while controlling and viewing pre-recorded, digitised video clips of a neuroprosthesis user's hand squeezing a compliant object. The task was performed with and without supplemental force feedback presented via electrocutaneous stimulation. Subjects had to achieve and maintain the (simulated) grasp force within a target window of variable size (+/- 10-40% of full scale). Force feedback improved the success rate significantly for all target window sizes (8-16%, on average), and improved the success rate at all window sizes for six of the seven subjects. Overall, the improvement was equivalent functionally to a 35% increase in the window size. Feedback also allowed subjects to identify the direction of grasp errors more accurately, on average by 10-15%. In some cases, feedback improved the failure identification rate even if success rates were unchanged. It is thus concluded that supplemental grasp-force feedback can improve grasp control even with access to rich visual information from the hand and object.
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Sharma AK, Shekhawat NS, Sharma SB, Upadhyay A, Agarwal RK, Zafar M, Harjai MM. Fixation anomaly at duodenojejunal junction. Indian Pediatr 1996; 33:600-2. [PMID: 8979575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zafar M, Ezzat S, Ramyar L, Pan N, Smyth HS, Asa SL. Cell-specific expression of estrogen receptor in the human pituitary and its adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80:3621-7. [PMID: 8530610 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.80.12.8530610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen affects the synthesis and release of several pituitary hormones. The estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the steroid hormone receptor family, is thought to mediate transcriptional effects in a cell-specific fashion. We investigated whether ER is expressed in specific hormone-producing cell types in the human pituitary and its adenomas. Pituitary adenomas (n = 34) were collected at the time of surgery, and normal glands were obtained from autopsy. Expression of ER messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. ER was also localized with immunohistochemistry and protein extraction. By RT-PCR, ER mRNA was found in the nontumorous pituitary and in pituitary adenomas expressing only PRL, in those producing GH and PRL, and in adenomas expressing the gonadotropic hormones. No ER mRNA was detected in adenomas expressing only GH without PRL or gonadotropins, nor in tumors producing ACTH without PRL or gonadotropins. In situ hybridization was not as sensitive or specific as RT-PCR. Biochemical analysis performed on seven tumors that were positive for ER mRNA by RT-PCR detected ER protein in only one PRL adenoma and one oncocytoma and yielded negative or equivocal results in one PRL adenoma, three GH-PRL adenomas, and one null cell adenoma. ER protein was localized by immunohistochemistry in scattered cells of the nontumorous adenohypophysis and in a few PRL and gonadotroph adenomas. We conclude that ER expression, as determined by RT-PCR, correlates with the expression of PRL or gonadotropins; in contrast, ER mRNA was not detected in adenomas that express only GH or ACTH. These findings implicate ER as a cell-specific transcription factor that may regulate cytodifferentiation in the pituitary.
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Al-Fadda M, Zafar M, Ayub A, al-Kahtani K. Idiopathic chronic active hepatitis: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 19:313-7. [PMID: 7876513 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199412000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A 56-year-old Saudi male was admitted with abnormal liver chemistry values and a > 5-month history of lethargy, malaise, anorexia, and jaundice. Extensive investigations did not establish an etiological diagnosis. Liver histology confirmed the clinically apparent aggressive hepatitis with fibrosis but gave no clue to its etiology. The patient was empirically treated with alpha-interferon for presumed non-A, non-B hepatitis, with clinical and biochemical worsening. Interferon was discontinued and the patient was started on immunosuppression. Dramatic clinical and biochemical improvement occurred, with normalization of the liver chemistry within 4 weeks. The patient has been followed-up for 12 months and has not suffered a relapse. This case highlights the etiological heterogeneity of chronic active hepatitis. The entity of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis is unclear, and perhaps it is better defined as steroid-responsive hepatitis. Steroid-responsive hepatitis should always be considered in cases of cryptogenic chronic active hepatitis.
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Ayub A, Linjawi T, Qadri SM, Ingemannson S, Zafar M, al-Harbi A. Intraabdominal abscess after esophageal variceal sclerotherapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994; 18:238-9. [PMID: 8034923 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199404000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Sieck JO, Ellis ME, Alfurayh O, Ali MA, Ali HA, Ayub A, al-Fadda M, Zafar M, Halim M, Bernvil SS. Histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha-interferon: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study. J Hepatol 1993; 19:418-23. [PMID: 7512110 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C is common in Saudi Arabia and most often presents in an advanced stage. To assess the response of patients to interferon, a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study was undertaken. All but 1 patient had cirrhosis or fibrosis before interferon. After a 24-week observation period patients received alpha 2a interferon, 3 mega units sc tiw or placebo for 24 weeks, then the opposite treatment for another 24 weeks followed by 24 weeks of observation. Liver biopsies were performed before and after each of the treatment phases. Twenty-two out of 24 patients completed the study. The mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels fell from 150.7 +/- 118.7 units/l to 91.0 +/- 42.6 units/l after 6 months interferon treatment (P = 0.03) but only 3 patients (14%) had complete normalization of mean ALT levels and 4 (18%) had > 50% reduction. The mean hepatitis activity index fell from 12.2 +/- 2.6 immediately before to 11.6 +/- 2.5 just after interferon (P = 0.4). After interferon there was an insignificant raise in 6-month mean ALT. Hepatitis C virus-RNA was positive in all 17 patients tested and remained so after treatment. Side-effects were mild and well tolerated. Alpha interferon 3 mega units tiw for 24 weeks is not an effective treatment of histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C.
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Ayub A, Zafar M, Abdulkareem A, Ali MA, Lingawi T, Harbi A. Primary hepatic vipoma. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:958-61. [PMID: 8389095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 35-yr-old male presented with a 3-yr history of voluminous watery diarrhea. He had episodes of severe generalized weakness which responded to fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy. Investigations revealed a solitary liver mass and an elevated vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. An extensive work-up did not show any other extrahepatic primary lesion. Surgical resection ameliorated all of his symptoms, accompanied by a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level. We believe that this patient represents a case of primary hepatic vipoma syndrome. To our present knowledge, this has not been reported previously. We discuss the clinical manifestations, investigations, and management of the case.
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Zafar M. Re: Chronic non-B, non-C hepatitis: report from Pakistan. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88:788-9. [PMID: 8480757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zafar M, Reid ME. Review: The Diego blood group system. Immunohematology 1993; 9:35-40. [PMID: 15946085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Qadri SM, Zafar M, Lee GC. Can isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from human feces have any clinical significance? J Clin Gastroenterol 1991; 13:537-40. [PMID: 1744389 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199110000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of 27,480 stool specimens from 15,548 patients with gastroenteritis were analyzed for bacterial enteropathogens during a 4-year period between 1986-89 at a major referral center in Saudi Arabia. Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 1,152 patients, Salmonella being the most frequent, followed by Campylobacter, Shigella, and Aeromonas hydrophila. The latter bacterium was found in 58 patients; seven of them were associated with other enteric pathogens, but A. hydrophila was the only organism in 51 patients. All had gastrointestinal symptoms, the most common being diarrhea (92%), followed by abdominal pain (68%), fever (37%), and vomiting (27%). Stool specimens from 1,368 control patients were negative for A. hydrophila.
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Tufail A, Ahmad S, Khan AR, Zafar M, Shafi M. Nuclear interactions of 340-GeV pions in emulsion. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D, PARTICLES AND FIELDS 1990; 42:2187-2193. [PMID: 10013072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.42.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Cooke RP, Zafar M, Haeney MR. Recurrent meningococcal meningitis associated with deficiencies of C8 and anti-meningococcal antibody. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL & LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY 1987; 23:53-6. [PMID: 3112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A patient with fatal recurrent meningococcal meningitis is described. Detailed complement and immunological investigation revealed a combined deficiency of C8 and anti-meningococcal antibody. An inability to make anti-meningococcal antibody in C8 deficient patients has not been previously reported.
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Thies PW, Zafar M. Metoclopramide-induced fever. CLINICAL PHARMACY 1986; 5:342-4. [PMID: 3709083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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