Perioperative intravenous contrast administration and the incidence of acute kidney injury after major gastrointestinal surgery: prospective, multicentre cohort study

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to determine the impact of preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast for CT and the risk of developing postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery.

METHODS

This prospective, multicentre cohort study included adults undergoing gastrointestinal resection, stoma reversal or liver resection. Both elective and emergency procedures were included. Preoperative exposure to intravenous contrast was defined as exposure to contrast administered for the purposes of CT up to 7 days before surgery. The primary endpoint was the rate of AKI within 7 days. Propensity score-matched models were adjusted for patient, disease and operative variables. In a sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched model explored the association between preoperative exposure to contrast and AKI in the first 48 h after surgery.

RESULTS

A total of 5378 patients were included across 173 centres. Overall, 1249 patients (23·2 per cent) received intravenous contrast. The overall rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery was 13·4 per cent (718 of 5378). In the propensity score-matched model, preoperative exposure to contrast was not associated with AKI within 7 days (odds ratio (OR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 1·21; P = 0·669). The sensitivity analysis showed no association between preoperative contrast administration and AKI within 48 h after operation (OR 1·09, 0·84 to 1·41; P = 0·498).

CONCLUSION

There was no association between preoperative intravenous contrast administered for CT up to 7 days before surgery and postoperative AKI. Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy should not be used as a reason to avoid contrast-enhanced CT.

Determining the Orientation and Vibronic Couplings between Electronic and Vibrational Coordinates with Polarization-Selective Two-Dimensional Vibrational-Electronic Spectroscopy

We experimentally demonstrate polarization-selective two-dimensional (2D) vibrational-electronic (VE) spectroscopy on a transition-metal mixed-valence complex where the cyanide stretching vibrations are coupled to the metal-to-metal charge-transfer transition. A simultaneous fitting of the parallel and crossed polarized 2D VE spectra quantifies the relative vibronic coupling strengths and angles between the charge-transfer transition and three coupled cyanide stretching vibrations in a mode-specific manner. In particular, we find that the bridging vibration, which modulates the distance between the transition-metal centers, is oriented nearly parallel to the charge-transfer axis and is 9 times more strongly coupled to the electronic transition than the radial vibration, which is oriented almost perpendicular to the charge-transfer axis. The results from this experiment allow us to map the spectroscopically observed vibronic coordinates onto the molecular frame providing a general method to spatially resolve vibronic energy transfer on a femtosecond time scale.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: comparative analysis in cancer patients with underlying haematologic malignancies versus solid tumours

BACKGROUND

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is commonly associated with haematologic malignancies but also occurs with solid tumours.

AIM

To compare the diagnostic approaches and therapeutic outcomes for IPA between patients with haematologic malignancies and solid cancers.

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted evaluating consecutive cases of proven and probable IPA from 2004 to 2016. Patients >18 years of age with an underlying solid tumour, haematologic malignancy, or haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) within one year of IPA diagnosis were included.

FINDINGS

Of the 311 patients analysed, 225 had haematologic malignancies and 86 had solid tumours. Patients with solid tumours were more likely to have had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other pulmonary diseases, have Aspergillus fumigatus infections, and have received radiotherapy before IPA occurrence than were those with haematologic malignancies (all P<0.01). Antifungal monotherapy and voriconazole-based therapy were more often prescribed in the solid group (87% vs 56%, P<0.0001, and 77% vs 53%, P=0.0002, respectively). The median duration of primary antifungal therapy was longer in the solid group (64 days vs 20 days, P<0.0001). Complete or partial response to antifungal therapy was recorded in 66% of the solid group and 40% of the haematologic group (P=0.0001). At 12 weeks, overall mortality was similar in both groups, but IPA-attributable mortality was higher in the haematologic group (30% vs 18%, P=0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Monotherapy was more often prescribed in patients with solid tumours than in patients with haematologic malignancies. Patients with solid tumours had better antifungal therapy response and lower 12-week IPA-attributable mortality than did those with haematologic malignancies.

Kappa free light chains is a valid tool in the diagnostics of MS: A large multicenter study

OBJECTIVE

To validate kappa free light chain (KFLC) and lambda free light chain (LFLC) indices as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS).

METHODS

We performed a multicenter study including 745 patients from 18 centers (219 controls and 526 clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)/MS patients) with a known oligoclonal IgG band (OCB) status. KFLC and LFLC were measured in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples. Gaussian mixture modeling was used to define a cut-off for KFLC and LFLC indexes.

RESULTS

The cut-off for the KFLC index was 6.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.2-138.1). The cut-off for the LFLC index was 6.9 (95% CI = 4.5-22.2). For CIS/MS patients, sensitivity of the KFLC index (0.88; 95% CI = 0.85-0.90) was higher than OCB (0.82; 95%CI = 0.79-0.85; p < 0.001), but specificity (0.83; 95% CI = 0.78-0.88) was lower (OCB = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.89-0.96; p < 0.001). Both sensitivity and specificity for the LFLC index were lower than OCB.

CONCLUSION

Compared with OCB, the KFLC index is more sensitive but less specific for diagnosing CIS/MS. Lacking an elevated KFLC index is more powerful for excluding MS compared with OCB but the latter is more important for ruling in a diagnosis of CIS/MS.

Carboxylate Anchors Act as Exciton Reporters in 1.3 nm Indium Phosphide Nanoclusters

Developing interfacial probes of ligand-nanocluster interactions is crucial for understanding and tailoring the optoelectronic properties of these emerging nanomaterials. Using transient IR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that ligand vibrational modes of oleate-capped 1.3 nm InP nanoclusters report on the photogenerated exciton. The exciton induces an intensity change in the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode by 57% while generating no appreciable shift in frequency. Thus, the observed difference signal is attributed to an exciton-induced change in the dipole magnitude of the asymmetric carboxylate stretching mode. Additionally, the transient IR data reveal that the infrared dipole change is dependent on the geometry of the ligand bound to the nanocluster. The experimental results are interpreted using TDDFT calculations, which identify how the spatial dependence of an exciton-induced electron density shift affects the vibrational motion of the carboxylate anchors. More broadly, this work demonstrates transient IR spectroscopy as a useful method for characterizing ligand-nanocluster coupling interactions.

Herz und Gefäße

Herzfehler gehören zu den häufigsten angeborenen Fehlbildungen. Heute erleben fast 90% dieser Kinder das Erwachsenenalter. Dennoch sind angeborene Herzfehler weiterhin mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität vergesellschaftet, insbesondere wenn ein kritischer Herzfehler vorliegt. Dem Pädiater obliegt nicht nur die rechtzeitige Erkennung eines Herzfehlers, sondern auch im zunehmenden Maße die Mitbetreuung dieser Patienten im prä-und postoperativen Stadium. Das Verständnis für die zugrundeliegende Hämodynamik der jeweiligen Herzfehler sowie die physiologischen Veränderungen der Kreislaufverhältnisse im Laufe des Lebens sind wichtig für die Diagnosestellung und die klinische Verlaufsbeurteilung. Daher wird im folgenden Kapitel besonderen Wert auf die hämodynamischen Zusammenhänge am Beispiel ausgewählter Herzfehler gelegt. Neben primär azyanotischen und zyanotischen Herzfehlern gehören entzündliche Herzerkrankungen sowie Herzrhythmusstörungen zum Spektrum der Kinderkardiologie. Diese Felder werden in Grundzügen beschrieben und sollen dem Kliniker eine Hilfestellung für das diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen geben.

Mapping Vibronic Couplings in a Solar Cell Dye with Polarization-Selective Two-Dimensional Electronic-Vibrational Spectroscopy

This study uses polarization-selective two-dimensional electronic-vibrational (2D EV) spectroscopy to map intramolecular charge transfer in the well-known solar cell dye, [Ru(dcbpy)₂(NCS)₂]^4- (N3^4-), dissolved in water. A static snapshot of the vibronic couplings present in aqueous N3^4- is reported. At least three different initially excited singlet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states are observed to be coupled to vibrational modes probed in the lowest energy triplet MLCT state, emphasizing the role of vibronic coupling in intersystem crossing. Angles between electronic and vibrational transition dipole moments are extracted from spectrally isolated 2D EV peaks and compared with calculations to develop a microscopic description for how vibrations participate with ¹MLCT states in charge transfer and intersystem crossing. These results suggest that ¹MLCT states with significant electron density in the electron-donating plane formed by the Ru-(NCS)₂ will participate strongly in charge transfer through these vibronically coupled degrees of freedom.

Implementation of continuous fast scanning detection in femtosecond Fourier-transform two-dimensional vibrational-electronic spectroscopy to decrease data acquisition time

Femtosecond Fourier transform two-dimensional vibrational-electronic (2D VE) spectroscopy is a recently developed third-order nonlinear spectroscopic technique to measure coupled electronic and vibrational motions in the condensed phase. The viability of femtosecond multidimensional spectroscopy as an analytical tool requires improvements in data collection and processing to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and increase the amount of data collected in these experiments. Here a continuous fast scanning technique for the efficient collection of 2D VE spectroscopy is described. The resulting 2D VE spectroscopic method gains sensitivity by reducing the effect of laser drift, as well as decreasing the data collection time by a factor of 10 for acquiring spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio within 3 dB of the more time intensive step scanning methods. This work opens the door to more comprehensive studies where 2D VE spectra can be collected as a function of external parameters such as temperature, pH, and polarization of the input electric fields.

Spatial variation for the solution to the stochastic linear wave equation driven by additive space-time white noise

We study the asymptotic behavior of the spatial quadratic variation for the solution to the stochastic wave equation driven by additive space-time white noise. We prove that the sequence of its renormalized quadratic variations satisfies a central limit theorem (CLT for short). We obtain the rate of convergence for this CLT via the Stein–Malliavin calculus and we also discuss some consequences.

Variation in the Position and Diameter of Basilar Artery in Different Ages of Bangladeshi People

Basilar artery is formed by the fusion of right and left vertebral artery and terminates as right and left posterior cerebral arteries. The aim of the study is to observe the diameter of basilar artery at three different levels (at its formation, at its midlevel and at its termination). This cross sectional descriptive study was performed on total 60 postmortem human hindbrain to find out the variation of position and diameter of the basilar artery of Bangladeshi people in relation to age. The specimens were collected from morgue in the department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh by purposive sampling technique. All the specimens were grouped into four categories: Group A (20 to 29 years), Group B (30 to 39 years), Group C (40 to 49 years) and Group D (50 to 59 years). Diameter of basilar artery was measured with the help of digital slide calipers at three different levels. At the level of its formation, mean±SD diameter was 3.76±0.37 mm, 3.75±0.32 mm, 3.68±0.24 mm & 3.54±0.46 mm in Group A, B, C & D respectively. At mid-level, it was 3.49±0.36 mm, 3.48±0.30 mm, 3.45±0.21 mm & 3.36±0.44 mm in Group A, B, C & D respectively. At the termination, it was 3.55±0.35 mm, 3.51±0.30 mm, 3.48±0.22 mm & 3.38±0.38 mm in Group A, B, C & D respectively. This knowledge of variations of the diameter of basilar artery is of diagnostic importance for the neurosurgeons and radiologists for clinical investigation and surgery.

Signatures of vibronic coupling in two-dimensional electronic-vibrational and vibrational-electronic spectroscopies

Two-Dimensional Electronic-Vibrational (2D EV) spectroscopy and Two-Dimensional Vibrational-Electronic (2D VE) spectroscopy are new coherent four-wave mixing spectroscopies that utilize both electronically resonant and vibrationally resonant field-matter interactions to elucidate couplings between electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom. A system Hamiltonian is developed here to lay a foundation for interpreting the 2D EV and 2D VE signals that arise from a vibronically coupled molecular system in the condensed phase. A molecular system consisting of one anharmonic vibration and two electronic states is modeled. Equilibrium displacement of the vibrational coordinate and vibrational frequency shifts upon excitation to the first electronic excited state are included in our Hamiltonian through linear and quadratic vibronic coupling terms. We explicitly consider the nuclear dependence of the electronic transition dipole moment and demonstrate that these spectroscopies are sensitive to non-Condon effects. A series of simulations of 2D EV and 2D VE spectra obtained by varying parameters of the system, system-bath, and interaction Hamiltonians demonstrate that one of the following conditions must be met to observe signals: (1) non-zero linear and/or quadratic vibronic coupling in the electronic excited state, (2) vibrational-coordinate dependence of the electronic transition dipole moment, or (3) electronic-state-dependent vibrational dephasing dynamics. We explore how these vibronic interactions are manifested in the positions, amplitudes, and line shapes of the peaks in 2D EV and 2D VE spectroscopies.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in diabetic patients in Makkah AL Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic and zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii. The disease has worldwide distribution and all people maybe under the risk of getting infected by the parasite. The overall aim of this research was to detect the prevalence rate of antiToxoplasma gondii IgM and IgG among diabetic patients in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Blood samples were collected from diabetic patients. Toxo IgM and IgG combo rapid test cassette were used to screen the samples, and the results were confirmed by using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to detect anti-IgM and anti- IgG antibodies on the plasma of 90 diabetic patients who attended the mobile clinic or AL Noor hospital in Makkah area. The subject was asked to complete a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire data and serological results were analyzed by using SPSS 20. Chi-square was used to compare different variables. Out of 90 samples, 39 (43.3%) were positive to anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG wherein 33 (36.6%) of them were male and 6 (6.7%) were female. The age ranged between 13-85 years with the mean of 49.9 years. The study found that there were statistical differences between the age groups with higher prevalence in the 50-65 years age group. Detection of IgM against T. gondii gave negative results. The results of the study indicate that latent T. gondii in diabetic patient are relatively high especially among the 50-65 age group. There were significant associated between direct contact with a cat and infection by T. gondii (p<0.05).

Comprehensive Experimental and Computational Spectroscopic Study of Hexacyanoferrate Complexes in Water: From Infrared to X-ray Wavelengths

We present a joint experimental and computational study of the hexacyanoferrate aqueous complexes at equilibrium in the 250 meV to 7.15 keV regime. The experiments and the computations include the vibrational spectroscopy of the cyanide ligands, the valence electronic absorption spectra, and Fe 1s core hole spectra using element-specific-resonant X-ray absorption and emission techniques. Density functional theory-based quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics molecular dynamics simulations are performed to generate explicit solute-solvent configurations, which serve as inputs for the spectroscopy calculations of the experiments spanning the IR to X-ray wavelengths. The spectroscopy simulations are performed at the same level of theory across this large energy window, which allows for a systematic comparison of the effects of explicit solute-solvent interactions in the vibrational, valence electronic, and core-level spectra of hexacyanoferrate complexes in water. Although the spectroscopy of hexacyanoferrate complexes in solution has been the subject of several studies, most of the previous works have focused on a narrow energy window and have not accounted for explicit solute-solvent interactions in their spectroscopy simulations. In this work, we focus our analysis on identifying how the local solvation environment around the hexacyanoferrate complexes influences the intensity and line shape of specific spectroscopic features in the UV/vis, X-ray absorption, and valence-to-core X-ray emission spectra. The identification of these features and their relationship to solute-solvent interactions is important because hexacyanoferrate complexes serve as model systems for understanding the photochemistry and photophysics of a large class of Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes in solution.

Length of Vermiform Appendix in Bangladeshi People of Different Age and Sex

A cross sectional descriptive study was performed on 70 postmortem vermiform appendix (male 34 and female 36) to find out the length of vermiform appendix of Bangladeshi people in different age and sex. The specimens were collected from autopsy laboratory of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from October 2016 to March 2017 by purposive sampling technique. The collected samples were divided into four age groups. They were Group A (upto 20 years), Group B (21 to 40 years), Group C (41 to 60 years) and Group D (above 60 years). Dissection was performed according to standard autopsy techniques. The vermiform appendix was collected and preserved in 10% formol-saline solution. The length of the vermiform appendix was determined by measuring the distance from its base to tip with the help of a flexible thread. Then the thread was placed on measuring scale graduated in centimeter which represents the length of vermiform appendix. The data were analyzed by using student unpaired 't' test and compared with the findings of other national and international studies and standard text books. It was observed that length of vermiform appendix gradually decreased as age advanced. The mean±SD length of vermiform appendix was 9.41±1.26cm, 8.63±1.32cm, 7.96±1.20cm and 6.81±0.75cm in Group A, B, C and D respectively. Mean length of vermiform appendix in male was 9.92±1.55cm in Group A, 9.09±1.19cm in Group B, 8.04±1.10cm in Group C, 6.88±0.86cm in Group D and in female mean length of vermiform appendix was 9.12±1.06cm in Group A, 8.31±1.34cm in Group B, 7.79±1.60cm in Group C, 6.69±0.63cm in Group D. Statistical analysis shows that the mean differences of the length of vermiform appendix between A & D, B & D were statistically highly significant. The mean difference between Group A & C was moderately significant. Between Group C & D the difference was statistically significant and between Group A & B, B & C were statistically non significant. No significance difference of length of vermiform appendix between male and female was observed. The present study will help to increase the information pool on the length of vermiform appendix of Bangladeshi people.

Correlation of Triceps Skin Fold Thickness with Weight of Bangladeshi Garo Population

This cross sectional, observational, descriptive and analytic type of study was designed to formulate a standard for Bangladeshi Garo population and an attempt has been made out to formulate a linear regression equation for estimation of weight from the triceps skin fold thickness in different areas of Mymensingh district (Mymensingh Sadar & Haluaghat Upazilla), Bangladesh from July 2015 to June 2016. The material consists of 104 Garo people (60 male, 44 female) between 20-40 years of age in Bangladesh. The triceps skin fold thickness (Right & Left) was measured by spreading caliper. The weight was measured in standing erect, anatomical position with weighing machine. Data tabulated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel. A positive correlation of weight was observed with triceps skin fold thickness and it was statistically highly significant for right side and significant for left side. The results of present study would be useful for Anthropologist and Forensic Medicine experts.

Classification of pregnancy and labor contractions using a graph theory based analysis

In this paper, we propose a new framework to characterize the electrohysterographic (EHG) signals recorded during pregnancy and labor. The approach is based on the analysis of the propagation of the uterine electrical activity. The processing pipeline includes i) the estimation of the statistical dependencies between the different recorded EHG signals, ii) the characterization of the obtained connectivity matrices using network measures and iii) the use of these measures in clinical application: the classification between pregnancy and labor. Due to its robustness to volume conductor, we used the imaginary part of coherence in order to produce the connectivity matrix which is then transformed into a graph. We evaluate the performance of several graph measures. We also compare the results with the parameter mostly used in the literature: the peak frequency combined with the propagation velocity (PV +PF). Our results show that the use of the network measures is a promising tool to classify labor and pregnancy contractions with a small superiority of the graph strength over PV+PF.

Three Dimensional Culture Upregulates Extracellular Matrix Protein Expression in Human Liver Cell Lines - a Step towards Mimicking the Liver in Vivo?

Extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver affects the phenotype of both hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. To be able to mimic in vivo liver function for extracorporeal hepatic support using human cell lines, a necessary step is to upregulate the function normally seen in monolayer culture. 3-D spheroid colonies were formed by culturing single HepG2 cells encapsulated in alginate beads. ECM expression in these cultures was compared to monolayer Hep G2 cultures. The following ECM proteins were detected immunohistochemically:- collagens I, III, V and VI, the glycoproteins fibronectin, tenascin and vitronectin, and the basement membrane protein laminin. In 3-D cultures, all proteins except tenascin were strongly expressed, as compared with weak or undetectable expression in monolayer cultures, even with 10-fold increases in the antibody concentration used. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the 3-D environment created by alginate encapsulation of cell lines leads to cell behaviour mimicking that in vivo.

Serum netrin-1 in relation to gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in early multiple sclerosis

Background

Netrin-1, a secreted laminin-related protein, is known to regulate not only axonal guidance and neuronal cell migration, but also blood–brain barrier integrity and inflammation. Two preliminary studies reported altered serum netrin-1 levels in multiple sclerosis; however, associations with longitudinal clinical and magnetic resonance imaging activity have not been investigated.

Objectives

We aimed to assess serum netrin-1 in multiple sclerosis and controls with respect to disease activity and its temporal dynamics.

Methods

Serum netrin-1 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 79 patients with clinically isolated syndrome or multiple sclerosis, and 30 non-inflammatory neurological disease controls. In patients, serum samples were collected immediately prior to gadolinium-enhanced 3 T magnetic resonance imaging at two time points (initial contrast-enhancing gadolinium+ n = 47, non-enhancing gadolinium– n = 32; reference gadolinium– n = 70; median time-lag 1.4, interquartile range 1.0–2.3 years).

Results

Serum netrin-1 levels were similar in clinically isolated syndrome, multiple sclerosis and controls, and gadolinium+ and gadolinium– patients. Among gadolinium+ patients, serum netrin-1 was decreased in clinically active (n = 8) vs non-active patients (n = 39; p = 0.041). Serum netrin-1 showed no temporal dynamics in multiple sclerosis and was unrelated to clinical data.

Conclusions

Serum netrin-1 levels show no multiple sclerosis specific changes and are not sensitive for detection of subclinical disease activity. Netrin-1 changes during relapses may deserve further examination.

Picosecond sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with applications to excited state proton transfer

Picosecond X-ray absorption (XA) spectroscopy at the S K-edge (∼2.4 keV) is demonstrated and used to monitor excited state dynamics in a small organosulfur molecule (2-Thiopyridone, 2TP) following optical excitation. Multiple studies have reported that the thione (2TP) is converted into the thiol (2-Mercaptopyridine, 2MP) following photoexcitation. However, the timescale and photochemical pathway of this reaction remain uncertain. In this work, time-resolved XA spectroscopy at the S K-edge is used to monitor the formation and decay of two transient species following 400 nm excitation of 2TP dissolved in acetonitrile. The first transient species forms within the instrument response time (70 ps) and decays within 6 ns. The second transient species forms on a timescale of ∼400 ps and decays on a 15 ns timescale. Time-dependent density functional theory is used to identify the first and second transient species as the lowest-lying triplet states of 2TP and 2MP, respectively. This study demonstrates transient S K-edge XA spectroscopy as a sensitive and viable probe of time-evolving charge dynamics near sulfur sites in small molecules with future applications towards studying complex biological and material systems.

Correlation of Stature with Foot Length in 5-10 Years Aged Bangladeshi Children

This cross sectional, descriptive and analytic type study was conducted among 5-10 years aged Bangladeshi children at different areas of Mymensingh district (Fulpur, Muktagacha, Fulbaria, Trisal and Haluaghat) on 109 Bangladeshi children (70 male and 39 female) from January 2016 to December 2016. Sample collection was done by nonrandom purposive sampling technique. Any kind of foot deformity resulting either from congenital or physical injury were excluded to construct standard measurement. The present anthropometric study was designed to construct data of 5 to 10 years aged Bangladeshi children regarding foot length, to measure correlation of stature with foot length and an attempt has been made out to grow interest among the researchers for future study and also to compare the data with the data of the people of other races. Stature of the subject was measured with the stadiometer and foot length was measured using slide calipers. The children were asked to stand with weight distributed equally on both feet. The legs were perpendicular to the feet. The mean foot length of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 years aged male were 16.72±1.11cm, 17.12±.72cm, 19.04±1.27cm, 19.10±.76cm, 20.11±1.25cm and 20.88±1.01cm respectively and those of same aged female were 16.44±1.2cm, 17.85±0.50cm, 18.53±0.76cm, 19.14±0.58cm, 19.87±1.88cm and 20.95±1.36cm respectively. Correlation between stature and foot length was made. Foot length showed non- significant positive correlation with stature in 5 years old male and female, 6 years old male, 7 years old male and female, 8 years old male and female, 9 years old and 10 years old female. In case of 9 years and 10 years old male, it showed significant positive correlation with stature. Comparison of foot length between male and female children was done by Unpaired Students 't' test which was statistically non-significant.