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Han Z, Czap G, Chiang CL, Xu C, Wagner PJ, Wei X, Zhang Y, Wu R, Ho W. Imaging the halogen bond in self-assembled halogenbenzenes on silver. Science 2017; 358:206-210. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aai8625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Yeo W, Mo F, Pang E, Suen J, Lee K, Ho W, Chan V, Koh J, Liem G. Quality of life of premenopausal Chinese breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. Breast 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(17)30119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Han Z, Czap G, Xu C, Chiang CL, Yuan D, Wu R, Ho W. Probing Intermolecular Coupled Vibrations between Two Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:036801. [PMID: 28157347 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.036801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions can induce energy shifts and coupling of molecular vibrations. However, the detection of intermolecular coupled vibrations has not been reported at the single molecule level. Here we detected an intermolecular coupled vibration between two CO molecules, one on the surface and another on the tip within the gap of a subkelvin scanning tunneling microscope, and analyzed the results by density functional calculations. We attribute the evolution of the energy and intensity of this coupled vibration as a function of tip-sample distance to the tilting and orbital alignment of the two CO molecules.
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Han Z, Wei X, Xu C, Chiang CL, Zhang Y, Wu R, Ho W. Imaging van der Waals Interactions. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5205-5211. [PMID: 27973882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The van der Waals interactions are responsible for a large diversity of structures and functions in chemistry, biology, and materials. Discussion of van der Waals interactions has focused on the attractive potential energy that varies as the inverse power of the distance between the two interacting partners. The origin of the attractive force is widely discussed as being due to the correlated fluctuations of electron charges that lead to instantaneous dipole-induced dipole attractions. Here, we use the inelastic tunneling probe to image the potential energy surface associated with the van der Waals interactions of xenon atoms.
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Ho W, Fuller B, Jell G. Artificial hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) stabilization can enhance cell and tissue construct survival. Cryobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2016.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wallis TM, Nilius N, Ho W. Single Molecule Vibrational Spectroscopy: CO Bonding to Edge and Terrace Positions on Ag, Au, and Pd Islands on NiAl(110). J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4683-4688. [PMID: 27801592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational properties of single CO molecules adsorbed on nanosized Ag, Au, and Pd islands on a NiAl(110) surface were studied with a scanning tunneling microscope. The sensitivity of single molecule vibrational spectroscopy to aspects of the local environment is demonstrated by comparative studies of CO-metal bond vibrations at island terrace and island edge sites. Vibrational spectra of single CO molecules adsorbed on Ag, Au, and Pd island terraces showed peaks at 27, 32, and 44 meV, respectively, which are assigned to the hindered rotational mode. CO molecules on Au and Pd island edges, on the other hand, showed blue-shifted hindered rotational modes at 34 and 46 meV, respectively. On Au islands, CO molecules showed a strong preference for adsorption on edges, while no such preference was observed on Pd.
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Yu A, Li S, Czap G, Ho W. Tunneling-Electron-Induced Light Emission from Single Gold Nanoclusters. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:5433-5436. [PMID: 27529568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of tunneling electrons with the tip-nanocluster-substrate junction plasmon was investigated by monitoring light emission in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Gold atoms were evaporated onto the ∼5 Å thick Al2O3 thin film grown on the NiAl (110) surface where they formed nanoclusters 3-7 nm wide. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) of these nanoclusters revealed quantum-confined electronic states. Spatially resolved photon imaging showed localized emission hot spots. Size dependent study and light emission from nanocluster dimers further support the viewpoint that coupling of tunneling electrons to the junction plasmon is the main radiative mechanism. These results showed the potential of the STM to reveal the electronic and optical properties of nanoscale metallic systems in the confined geometry of the tunnel junction.
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Yuan D, Han Z, Czap G, Chiang CL, Xu C, Ho W, Wu R. Quantitative Understanding of van der Waals Interactions by Analyzing the Adsorption Structure and Low-Frequency Vibrational Modes of Single Benzene Molecules on Silver. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2228-2233. [PMID: 27232051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The combination of a sub-Kelvin scanning tunneling microscope and density functional calculations incorporating van der Waals (vdW) corrections has been used successfully to probe the adsorption structure and low-frequency vibrational modes of single benzene molecules on Ag(110). The inclusion of optimized vdW functionals and improved C6-based vdW dispersion schemes in density functional theory is crucial for obtaining the correct adsorption structure and low-energy vibrational modes. These results demonstrate the emerging capability to quantitatively probe the van der Waals interactions between a physisorbed molecule and an inert substrate.
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Xu C, Chiang CL, Han Z, Ho W. Nature of Asymmetry in the Vibrational Line Shape of Single-Molecule Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy with the STM. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:166101. [PMID: 27152811 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.166101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule vibrational spectroscopy and microscopy was demonstrated in 1998 by inelastic electron tunneling with the scanning tunneling microscope. To date, the discussion of its application has mainly focused on the spatial resolution and the spectral energy and intensity. Here we report on the vibrational line shape for a single carbon monoxide molecule that qualitatively exhibits inversion symmetry when it is transferred from the surface to the tip. The dependence of the line shape on the molecule's asymmetric couplings in the tunnel junction can be understood from theoretical simulation and further validates the mechanisms of inelastic electron tunneling.
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Baskarathevan J, Taylor RK, Ho W, McDougal RL, Shivas RG, Alexander BJR. Real-Time PCR Assays for the Detection of Puccinia psidii. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:617-624. [PMID: 30688594 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-15-0851-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia psidii (Myrtle rust) is an emerging pathogen that has a wide host range in the Myrtaceae family; it continues to show an increase in geographic range and is considered to be a significant threat to Myrtaceae plants worldwide. In this study, we describe the development and validation of three novel real-time polymerase reaction (qPCR) assays using ribosomal DNA and β-tubulin gene sequences to detect P. psidii. All qPCR assays were able to detect P. psidii DNA extracted from urediniospores and from infected plants, including asymptomatic leaf tissues. Depending on the gene target, qPCR was able to detect down to 0.011 pg of P. psidii DNA. The most optimum qPCR assay was shown to be highly specific, repeatable, and reproducible following testing using different qPCR reagents and real-time PCR platforms in different laboratories. In addition, a duplex qPCR assay was developed to allow coamplification of the cytochrome oxidase gene from host plants for use as an internal PCR control. The most optimum qPCR assay proved to be faster and more sensitive than the previously published nested PCR assay and will be particularly useful for high-throughput testing and to detect P. psidii at the early stages of infection, before the development of sporulating rust pustules.
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Ho W, Connell DW, Singanayagam A, Singanayagam A, Donaldson H, Kon OM. S38 Predictive accuracy and clinical impact of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang H, Li S, He H, Yu A, Toledo F, Han Z, Ho W, Wu R. Trapping and Characterization of a Single Hydrogen Molecule in a Continuously Tunable Nanocavity. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3453-3457. [PMID: 26291093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM-IETS) and density functional theory calculations (DFT), we investigated properties of a single H2 molecule trapped in nanocavities with controlled shape and separation between the STM tip and the Au (110) surface. The STM tip not only serves for the purpose of characterization, but also is directly involved in modification of chemical environment of molecule. The bond length of H2 expands in the atop cavity, with a tendency of dissociation when the gap closes, whereas it remains unchanged in the trough cavity. The availability of two substantially different cavities in the same setup allows understanding of H2 adsorption on noble metal surfaces and sets a path for manipulating a single chemical bond by design.
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Feldman M, Ho W, Heiss J, Hall M, Zhuang Z. MB-12 * INDUCED CISPLATIN RESISTANCE IN MEDULLOBLASTOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov061.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hong C, Piazza M, Ho W, Zhuang Z. BI-02 * DISRUPTION OF PERIVASCULAR ASTROCYTIC FOOT PROCESSES CHARACTERIZES MRI ENHANCEMENT IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS. Neuro Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov061.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Li S, Yuan D, Yu A, Czap G, Wu R, Ho W. Rotational Spectromicroscopy: Imaging the Orbital Interaction between Molecular Hydrogen and an Adsorbed Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:206101. [PMID: 26047242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.206101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen molecule can diffuse freely on the surface and be trapped above an adsorbed molecule within the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope. The trapped dihydrogen exhibits the properties of a free rotor. Here we show that the intermolecular interaction between dihydrogen and Mg-porphyrin (MgP) can be visualized by imaging j=0 to 2 rotational excitation of dihydrogen. The interaction leads to a weakened H-H bond and modest electron donation from the dihydrogen to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of MgP, a process similarly observed for the interaction between dihydrogen and an adsorbed Au atom.
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Bashashati M, Nasser Y, Keenan CM, Ho W, Piscitelli F, Nalli M, Mackie K, Storr MA, Di Marzo V, Sharkey KA. Inhibiting endocannabinoid biosynthesis: a novel approach to the treatment of constipation. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3099-111. [PMID: 25684407 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endocannabinoids are a family of lipid mediators involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility. The expression, localization and function of their biosynthetic enzymes in the GI tract are not well understood. Here, we examined the expression, localization and function of the enzyme diacylglycerol lipase-α (DAGLα), which is involved in biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cannabinoid CB1 receptor-deficient, wild-type control and C3H/HeJ mice, a genetically constipated strain, were used. The distribution of DAGLα in the enteric nervous system was examined by immunohistochemistry. Effects of the DAGL inhibitors, orlistat and OMDM-188 on pharmacologically induced GI hypomotility were assessed by measuring intestinal contractility in vitro and whole gut transit or faecal output in vivo. Endocannabinoid levels were measured by mass spectrometry. KEY RESULTS DAGLα was expressed throughout the GI tract. In the intestine, unlike DAGLβ, DAGLα immunoreactivity was prominently expressed in the enteric nervous system. In the myenteric plexus, it was colocalized with the vesicular acetylcholine transporter in cholinergic nerves. In normal mice, inhibiting DAGL reversed both pharmacologically reduced intestinal contractility and pharmacologically prolonged whole gut transit. Moreover, inhibiting DAGL normalized faecal output in constipated C3H/HeJ mice. In colons incubated with scopolamine, 2-AG was elevated while inhibiting DAGL normalized 2-AG levels. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS DAGLα was expressed in the enteric nervous system of mice and its inhibition reversed slowed GI motility, intestinal contractility and constipation through 2-AG and CB1 receptor-mediated mechanisms. Our data suggest that DAGLα inhibitors may be promising candidates for the treatment of constipation.
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Chiang CL, Xu C, Han Z, Ho W. Real-space imaging of molecular structure and chemical bonding by single-molecule inelastic tunneling probe. Science 2014; 344:885-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1253405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Li S, Yu A, Toledo F, Han Z, Wang H, He HY, Wu R, Ho W. Rotational and vibrational excitations of a hydrogen molecule trapped within a nanocavity of tunable dimension. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:146102. [PMID: 24138258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.146102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The rotational and vibrational transitions of a hydrogen molecule weakly adsorbed on the Au(110) surface at 10 K were detected by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy with a scanning tunneling microscope. The energies of the j=0 to j=2 rotational transition for para-H(2) and HD indicate that the molecule behaves as a three-dimensional rigid rotor trapped within the tunnel junction. An increase in the bond length of H(2) was precisely measured from the downshift in the rotational energy as the tip-substrate distance decreases.
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Ham U, Ho W. Imaging single electron spin in a molecule trapped within a nanocavity of tunable dimension. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:074703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lackinger M, Janson MS, Ho W. Localized interaction of single porphyrin molecules with oxygen vacancies on TiO2(110). J Chem Phys 2012; 137:234707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4771904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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46
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Ho W, Kaufman IA, Thaddeus P. Laboratory measurement of microwave absorption in models of the atmosphere of Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jz071i021p05091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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ODonnell P, Goldman J, Gordon M, Shih K, Choi Y, Lu D, Kabbarah O, Ho W, Rooney I, Lam E. 621 A Phase I Dose-escalation Study of MFGR1877S, a Human Monoclonal Anti-fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) Antibody, in Patients (pts) with Advanced Solid Tumors. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)72418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Ho W, Hall WF. Measurements of the dielectric properties of seawater and NaCl solutions at 2.65 GHz. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc078i027p06301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Ham U, Ho W. Spin splitting unconstrained by electron pairing: the spin-vibronic states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:106803. [PMID: 22463439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spin splitting of individual vibronic states was observed in a single molecule where all the electrons are paired, as well as a molecule with one extra electron injected. This observation was made possible by the use of a scanning tunneling microscope capable of reaching ∼800 mK in a magnetic field up to 9 T and the sharpness of the vibronic states, ∼1 meV. These conditions also led to the resolution of spectral diffusion caused by minute fluctuations at the probing location of the molecule.
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Bashashati M, Storr MA, Nikas SP, Wood JT, Godlewski G, Liu J, Ho W, Keenan CM, Zhang H, Alapafuja SO, Cravatt BF, Lutz B, Mackie K, Kunos G, Patel KD, Makriyannis A, Davison JS, Sharkey KA. Inhibiting fatty acid amide hydrolase normalizes endotoxin-induced enhanced gastrointestinal motility in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1556-71. [PMID: 21883147 PMCID: PMC3372737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01644.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is regulated in part by fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), including the endocannabinoid (EC) anandamide (AEA). The actions of FAEs are terminated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We investigated the actions of the novel FAAH inhibitor AM3506 on normal and enhanced GI motility. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the effect of AM3506 on electrically-evoked contractility in vitro and GI transit and colonic faecal output in vivo, in normal and FAAH-deficient mice treated with saline or LPS (100 µg·kg(-1), i.p.), in the presence and absence of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists. mRNA expression was measured by quantitative real time-PCR, EC levels by liquid chromatography-MS and FAAH activity by the conversion of [(3)H]-AEA to [(3)H]-ethanolamine in intestinal extracts. FAAH expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS FAAH was dominantly expressed in the enteric nervous system; its mRNA levels were higher in the ileum than the colon. LPS enhanced ileal contractility in the absence of overt inflammation. AM3506 reversed the enhanced electrically-evoked contractions of the ileum through CB(1) and CB(2) receptors. LPS increased the rate of upper GI transit and faecal output. AM3506 normalized the enhanced GI transit through CB(1) and CB(2) receptors and faecal output through CB(1) receptors. LPS did not increase GI transit in FAAH-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibiting FAAH normalizes various parameters of GI dysmotility in intestinal pathophysiology. Inhibition of FAAH represents a new approach to the treatment of disordered intestinal motility.
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MESH Headings
- Alkanesulfonates/pharmacology
- Amidohydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Amidohydrolases/genetics
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Animals
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/physiology
- Endotoxins/pharmacology
- Enteric Nervous System/drug effects
- Enteric Nervous System/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects
- Gastrointestinal Motility/genetics
- Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/metabolism
- Ileum/physiology
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Motor Activity/genetics
- Phenols/pharmacology
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/genetics
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