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Ladisich W. Effects of althesin in psychotherapy of schizophrenics. Preliminary report. ACTA PSYCHIATRICA BELGICA 1980; 80:445-51. [PMID: 7282415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Althesin infusions in subhypnotic dosage were given as a possible supportive agent during psychotherapy sessions in 6 chronic schizophrenics nonresponsive to neuroleptics and hardly amenable to psychotherapy. Speech content analysis (Gottschalk-Gleser method) of the therapy sessions of 2 patients gave the impression that there was lower hostility during Althesin sessions whereas anxiety was less influenced. The scoring from 2 patients in a self-rating scale on the state of wellbeing supported in impression of a beneficial effect of Althesin. Negative feelings were decreased and patients appeared to be more assertive.
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Lehmann E, Quadbeck H, Tegeler J, Fararuni M, Heinrich K. [Drug-response differences of high and standard dosage of fluphenazine-decanoate in relation to schizophrenic symptoms (author's transl)]. PHARMAKOPSYCHIATRIE, NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMAKOLOGIE 1980; 13:117-29. [PMID: 7393998 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1019621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of schizophrenic patients with high-dosed neuroleptics is discussed. The drug-response difference between a low dose and a high dose of Fluphenazine-Decanoate was investigated in 40 chronic schizophrenic patients. All patients were resistant to standard doses of neuroleptics and were therefore treated with higher doses. All patients entering the study were treated for at least three months with high doses of Fluphenazine-Decanoate, i.e. 100 mg or more within three weeks. From this pool of 40 patients two groups were created at random for the doubleblind study: In one group the high dose was continued (average dose 225 mg/in 14 days), in the other group Fluphenazine-Decanoate was reduced to a standard-dose of 25 mg in 14 days. During the 24 weeks of investigation the somatic and psychopathological state of the patient was evaluated by means of the AMP-System. Furthermore the self-rating scale EWL-K was used. After 24 weeks the patients of the high-dosed group were more often rated as unchanged, while the patients in the standard-dosed group were evaluated significantly more often as better or worse. Average condition-differences between the both groups could not be found in a covariance-analysis. A factorial covariance-analysis showed that differences in the initial hostility-syndrome and catatonic-syndrome scores are predictors for a syndrom-relevant differential dosage per group. Patients with low hostility- and low catatonic-syndrome-scores improved after reduction of the doses in the apathic, the halluzinatoric-desintegrative and the neurological syndrome, whereas patients with high initial hostility- and catatonic-syndrome-scores became psychopathologically worse after dosage reduction. Finally the possibilities of generalizing from the results obtained to the relevance of high and standard neuropletic therapy are discussed.
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Schiff I, Regestein Q, Tulchinsky D, Ryan KJ. Effects of estrogens on sleep and psychological state of hypogonadal women. JAMA 1979; 242:2405-4. [PMID: 226735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A double-lind crossover study involving 16 hypogonadal women compared the effects of placebo and conjugated estrogens, 0.625 mg daily, on gonadotropin levels, symptoms, sleep patterns, and psychological state. After one month, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone fell 31%, and levels of luteinizing hormone, 19%; the number of vasomotor flushes also decreased. The administration of estrogens was also associated with a shorter mean sleep latency, a longer period of rapid eye movement sleep, and a positive correlation between psychological intactness (as clinically ranked) and latency to sleep onset. Psychological testing, including the Clyde Mood Scale, and the Gottschalk-Gleser Test indicated that estrogens caused this group to be less outwardly aggressive but more inwardly hostile.
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Natale M. The relationship of imipramine plasma levels and verbalized hostility in nondelusional endogenous depressives. J Nerv Ment Dis 1979; 167:620-5. [PMID: 490149 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-197910000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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31
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32
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Lion JR. Benzodiazepines in the treatment of aggressive patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1979; 40:70-1. [PMID: 762032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A double-blind, controlled clinical trial of chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam and placebo was conducted in 65 outpatients with past histories of temper outbursts, assaultive behaviour and impulsiveness associated with anxiety, irritability and hostility. Of those tests showing statistically significant results, there was a tendency for oxazepam to be somewhat more effective in the reduction of anxiety than chlordiazepoxide. Oxazepam was also superior to the latter on 1 subscale of tests used to measure hostility. No paradoxical rage responses were noted.
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33
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Finnerty RJ, Goldberg HL, Rickels K. Doxepin versus imipramine in psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance: a double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 1978; 39:852-6. [PMID: 721790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This double-blind randomized study compared the effects of imipramine (48 patients) and doxepin (49 patients) in psychoneurotic depressed patients with sleep disturbance symptoms. Mean doses of 112.7 mg/day for doxepin and 116.7 mg/day for imipramine were administered for a mean period of 26 days. While both drugs proved effective, 24 of 27 analyses of covariance showed imipramine to be superior to doxepin. This superiority was statistically significant for the anxiety/depression factor measured on the Hamilton Depression Scale and for the total score, general neurotic feelings factor, cognitive performance difficulty factor and anger-hostility cluster on the Lepman-Rickels Scale. Mild-to-moderate side effects were prevalent to a comparable degree in both treatment groups.
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34
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Weir JH. Prazepam in the treatment of anxiety: a placebo-controlled multicenter evaluation. J Clin Psychiatry 1978; 39:841-7. [PMID: 721788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A double-blind randomized multicenter parallel group comparison of prazepam in divided doses vs. placebo was conducted by 15 investigators among 847 patients presenting with anxiety alone or concurrent with other medical illnesses. Study groups were well matched for age, sex and level of pre-treatment symptomatology. Efficacy evaluation by a physician questionnaire included serial assessment of global improvement plus 10 target signs/symptoms during the 2 to 4 weeks of treatment. Prazepam was statistically significantly superior to placebo as shown on final on-treatment scores for global improvement ratio and for the target symptoms of anxiety, tension, irritability/hostility, depressive mood, insomnia and somatization.
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35
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Zisook S, Rogers PJ, Faschingbauer TR, Devaul RA. Absence of hostility in outpatients after administration of halazepam--a new benzodiazepine. J Clin Psychiatry 1978; 39:683-5. [PMID: 681309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of benzodiazepine have been shown to increase hostility and aggression. This study examines whether halazepam, a new benzodiazepine structurally very similar to diazepam, is associated with increases in hostility. Fifty-one adult outpatients in a double blind, 6 week study were randomly assigned either halazepam or placebo. Hostility was measured by changes in response on four different scales, the anger-hostility factor of the Patient Symptom Checklist and three MMPI hostility scales. The results of our study indicated that halazepam does not induce significant changes in hositility.
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37
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Gottschalk LA, Cohn JB. The relationship of diazepam and ketazolam blood levels to anxiety and hostility in chronic alcoholics [proceedings]. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY BULLETIN 1978; 14:39-43. [PMID: 27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Brown CR. The use of benzodiazepines in prison populations. J Clin Psychiatry 1978; 39:219-22. [PMID: 24618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Experience with the use of tranquilizing drugs in the control of anxiety and in attempts at behavior modification, prompted a controlled study in the use of the benzodiazepines at the Utah state prison. It appeared that the benefits derived from the administration of these drugs in prisoner control were nearly outweighed by the frequent appearance of paradoxical rage reactions and increase in hostility and aggressive tendencies in these individuals. A double blind, cohort, prospective, randomized study was set up comparing Valium and Serax in their antianxiety qualities and their tendency to produce increased aggression and paradoxical rage reactions. Guidelines are proposed for the use of benzodiazepines and Serax is suggested as a superior drug to Valium for this purpose if indeed a tranquilizer of this type is indicated.
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39
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Kochansky GE, Salzman C, Shader RI, Harmatz JS, Ogletree AM. Effects of chlordiazepoxide and oxazepam administration on verbal hostility. ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY 1977; 34:1457-9. [PMID: 263816 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1977.01770240083007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We compare the effects of chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, and placebo on hostility, as both an inner motivational or potential state and verbal interpersonal behavior. This article reports the findings relevant to the latter dimension of hostility and integrates them with those findings, presented in an initial report, relevant to hostility as an inner motivational state. The verbal data again support the hypothesis that chlordiazepoxide-induced increases in verbal interpersonal hostility, following frustration, are greater than those associated with placebo. With regard to oxazepam, the verbal hostility data were consonant with the motivational data that suggested that oxazepam does not substantially disinhibit hostility but did not as consistently differentiate oxazepam and chlordiazepoxide at the level of overt hostile behavior.
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40
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Persky H, O'Brien CP, Fine E, Howard WJ, Khan MA, Beck RW. The effect of alcohol and smoking on testosterone function and aggression in chronic alcoholics. Am J Psychiatry 1977; 134:621-5. [PMID: 869026 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.134.6.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forty alcoholics without other significant medical or psychiatric problems were studied on a research ward for two weeks. All subjects abstained from alcohol and cigarettes during the first week; 30 randomly selected subjects were permitted unlimited alcohol and/or cigarettes during the second week. Plasma testosterone levels were normal during the first week but decreased rapidly and significantly in those subjects allowed alcohol. A variety of measures of affect failed to show a significant correlation between hostility/aggression and plasma testosterone levels or alcohol ingestion.
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41
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Gottschalk LA, Aronow WS, Prakash R. Effect of marijuana and placebo-marijuana smoking on psychological state and on psychophysiological cardiovascular functioning in anginal patients. Biol Psychiatry 1977; 12:255-66. [PMID: 870096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ten male anginal patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease, in a randomized double-blind crossover study, smoked one marijuana cigarette (containing 18 mg of delta-9-THC) on one morning and one placebo marijuana cigarette (containing 0.05 mg of delta-9-THC) on a successive morning. Significant increases occurred in average cognitive and intellectual impairment scores, derived from the objective content analysis of 5 min of speech, 30 mins after smoking the marijuana cigarette as compared to the placebo marijuana cigarette, and these scores decreased to near presmoking levels 60 min after smoking. No significant average changes occurred in anxiety or three hostility scale scores following smoking marijuana. Sizable individual differences were noted in the psychological responses to marijuana smoking due, presumably, to personality differences and/or differences in THC pharmacokinetics. Significant psychocardiovascular hemodynamic correlations, as measured by echocardiography, were observed during placebo-marijuana smoking between hostility inward scores and systolic blood pressure and ejection fraction, overt hostility outward scores and diastolic blood pressure, as well as between anxiety scores and stroke volume and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left ventricular diastolic volume. These significant psychophysiologic correlations were all eliminated during marijuana smoking. In view of associated findings that marijuana smoking decreased myocardial oxygen delivery, decreased exercise time until the onset of anginal pain, and increased myocardial oxygen demand in anginal patients, the use of marijuana by such patients is clearly inadvisable.
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42
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Carter RG. Psychotolysis with haloperidol. Rapid control of the acutely disturbed psychotic patient. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1977; 38:237-9. [PMID: 849701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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43
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Barnes RJ. Mesoridazine (Serentil) in personality disorders--a controlled trial in adolescent patients. DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1977; 38:258-64. [PMID: 321198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A double-blind study vs. placebo was carried out over a 6-week period in thirty adolescent patients to determine the efficacy and safety of mesoridazine, in the form of 10 mg tablets, in the treatment of symptoms associated with various personality disorders. The average daily dose for the 15 patients in the mesoridazine group was 27.3 mg in the first and 44.7 mg in the sixth week. Mesoridazine relieved anxiety to a highly significant degree when compared with placebo and proved significantly more effective than placebo also in terms of mean improvement scores for depression and hostility. Significant reductions were likewise achieved in the overall severity of the disorders and in the severity of nearly all the other symptoms. The incidence of adverse reactions did not differ significantly from that following placebo administration. No extrapyramidal symptoms were noted.
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44
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Naliboff BD, Rickles WH, Cohen MJ, Naimark RS. Interactions of marijuana and induced stress: forearm blood flow, heart rate, and skin conductance. Psychophysiology 1976; 13:517-22. [PMID: 792942 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1976.tb00871.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Abstract
The authors used several indices to assess the relationship between marijuana and hostility as both inner affect and verbal behavior in a small-group setting. Marijuana subjects reported a small but statistically significant decrease in hostile feelings after the introduction of a frustration stimulus. They also showed significantly less verbal hostility than placebo subjects both before and after introduction of a frustration stimulus. The authors note that research findings on marijuana and hostility are not consistent and suggest a multidetermined relationship based on dose, environment, nature of the frustration stimulus, and intraindividual factors.
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46
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Bianchi GN. The rational use of anxiolytics. THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 1976; 83:303-8. [PMID: 8750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prescribing of anxiolytics is often a hit-and-miss process. Current knowledge is examined to encourage a more rational use of such drugs. Because the common symptoms occur in a great array of illnesses, diagnosis is of first importance. For the transient situational disturbance drugs may be unnecessary or may be used merely for a day or two. If the anxiety state persists for a month or so the illness might be termed an anxiety neurosis and if there is no accompanying depression, a short course of benzodiazepine may be of value. With depression present to more than a mild degree as part of the neurosis the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin usually achieves better results than a benzodiazepine. Imipramine can be helpful for the phobic anxiety syndrome and monoamine-oxidase inhibitors can be of separate utility. If the anxiety and depression occur in the context of alcoholism, thioridazine and amitriptyline have certain advantages. There is very little place for phenothiazines or other antipsychotic agents in low doses in the therapy of anxiety except for thioridazine in the above indication.
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Singh AN, Saxena B, Gent M, Nelson HL. Maprotiline (Ludiomil, Ciba 34,276-BA) and imipramine in depressed outpatients: a double-blind clinical study. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 1976; 19:451-62. [PMID: 816603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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48
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Babor TF, Meyer RE, Mirin SM, Davies M, Valentine N, Rawlins M. Interpersonal behavior in a small group setting during the heroin addiction cycle. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE ADDICTIONS 1976; 11:513-23. [PMID: 965127 DOI: 10.3109/10826087609056167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a study of social interaction during an experimental addiction cycle, male narcotic addicts expressed more hostility after higher doses of heroin. No consistent role variations were observed in dominance, friendliness, or therapeutic-orientation.
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49
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Mirin SM, Meyer RE, McNamee HB, McDougle M. Psychopathology, craving, and mood during heroin acquisition: an experimental study. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE ADDICTIONS 1976; 11:525-44. [PMID: 965128 DOI: 10.3109/10826087609056168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Six detoxified addict volunteers were allowed to self-administer intravenous heroin on an essentially self-determined schedule. Two periods of heroin acquisition were compared: an unmodified cycle in which patients could become intoxicated and a later cycle in which the effects of heroin were blocked with a narcotic antagonist. In the unblocked condition, patients initially experienced an increase in positive mood, but with chronic administration there was a significant rise in psychopathology and the development of a generalized dysphoric state. Similar changes did not occur when the same patients took heroin while blocked with a narcotic antagonist. Drug craving rose dramatically when "unblocked" heroin was available, but gradually fell during methadone detoxification. Following treatment with a narcotic antagonist, the presence of heroin failed to elicit any sustained rise in craving and drug taking was dramatically reduced.
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50
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Roth WT, Rosenbloom MJ, Darley CF, Tinklenberg JR, Kopell BS. Marihuana effects on TAT form and content. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1975; 43:261-6. [PMID: 1103209 DOI: 10.1007/bf00429261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a double-blind study, 72 normal male subjects were given either placebo or marihuana containing 20 mg. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Stories written to cards selected from the Thematic Apperception Test did not differ on hostile or sexual content scales between drug and placebo conditions, but 6 out of 10 scales specifically constructed to detect marihuana effects were successful at differentiating the two conditions. Under marihuana the stories had a timeless, non-narrative quality, with greater discontinuity in thought sequence and more frequent inclusion of contradictory ideas. Novelty of content was somewhat increased by marihuana, while relation to the picture, imagery, repetition, and closure were not significantly affected.
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