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Cheng J, Wang B, Hu H, Lin X, Liu Y, Lin J, Zhang J, Niu S, Yan J. Regulation of histone acetylation by garcinol blocks the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116414. [PMID: 38460374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug-associated long-term memories underlie substance use disorders, including heroin use disorder (HUD), which are difficult to eliminate through existing therapies. Addictive memories may become unstable when reexposed to drug-related cues and need to be stabilized again through protein resynthesis. Studies have shown the involvement of histone acetylation in the formation and reconsolidation of long-term drug-associated memory. However, it remains unknown whether and how histone acetyltransferases (HAT), the essential regulators of histone acetylation, contribute to the reconsolidation of heroin-associated memories. Herein, we investigated the function of HAT in the reconsolidation concerning heroin-conditioned memory by using a rat self-administration model. Systemic administration of the HAT inhibitor garcinol inhibited cue and heroin-priming induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, indicating the treatment potential of garcinol for relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Cheng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Hongkun Hu
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xinzhu Lin
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Shuliang Niu
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830001, China.
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2
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Beasley MM, Amantini S, Gunawan T, Silberberg A, Kearns DN. Cocaine and heroin interact differently with nondrug reinforcers in a choice situation. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 32:158-172. [PMID: 37535523 PMCID: PMC10837314 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study used a rat choice model to test how cocaine or heroin economically interacted with two different nondrug reinforcers along the substitute-to-complement continuum. In Experiment 1, the nondrug alternative was the negative reinforcer timeout-from-avoidance (TOA)-that is, rats could press a lever to obtain a period of safety from footshock. One group of rats chose between cocaine and TOA and another group chose between heroin and TOA. The relative prices of the reinforcers were manipulated across phases while controlling for potential income effects. When cocaine was the reinforcer, rats reacted to price changes by increasing their allocation of behavior to the more expensive option, thereby maintaining relatively proportional intake of cocaine and TOA reinforcers across prices, suggesting these reinforcers were complements here. In contrast, when heroin became relatively cheap, rats increased allocation of income to heroin and decreased allocation of income to TOA, suggesting that heroin substituted for safety. Additionally, rats were willing to accept more footshocks when heroin was easily available. In Experiment 2, the nondrug alternative was saccharin, a positive reinforcer. Heroin and saccharin were complements, but there was no consistent effect of price changes on the allocation of behavior between cocaine and saccharin. As a model of the processes that could be involved in human drug use, these results show that drug-taking behavior depends on the type of drug, the type of nondrug alternative available, and the prices of both. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Amantini
- Psychology Department, American University, Washington, DC
| | - Tommy Gunawan
- Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, NIAAA/NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Paniccia JE, Vollmer KM, Green LM, Grant RI, Winston KT, Buchmaier S, Westphal AM, Clarke RE, Doncheck EM, Bordieanu B, Manusky LM, Martino MR, Ward AL, Rinker JA, McGinty JF, Scofield MD, Otis JM. Restoration of a paraventricular thalamo-accumbal behavioral suppression circuit prevents reinstatement of heroin seeking. Neuron 2024; 112:772-785.e9. [PMID: 38141605 PMCID: PMC10939883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Lack of behavioral suppression typifies substance use disorders, yet the neural circuit underpinnings of drug-induced behavioral disinhibition remain unclear. Here, we employ deep-brain two-photon calcium imaging in heroin self-administering mice, longitudinally tracking adaptations within a paraventricular thalamus to nucleus accumbens behavioral inhibition circuit from the onset of heroin use to reinstatement. We find that select thalamo-accumbal neuronal ensembles become profoundly hypoactive across the development of heroin seeking and use. Electrophysiological experiments further reveal persistent adaptations at thalamo-accumbal parvalbumin interneuronal synapses, whereas functional rescue of these synapses prevents multiple triggers from initiating reinstatement of heroin seeking. Finally, we find an enrichment of μ-opioid receptors in output- and cell-type-specific paraventricular thalamic neurons, which provide a mechanism for heroin-induced synaptic plasticity and behavioral disinhibition. These findings reveal key circuit adaptations that underlie behavioral disinhibition in opioid dependence and further suggest that recovery of this system would reduce relapse susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Paniccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey M Vollmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lisa M Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Roger I Grant
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kion T Winston
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sophie Buchmaier
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Annaka M Westphal
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rachel E Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Doncheck
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Bogdan Bordieanu
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Logan M Manusky
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael R Martino
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Amy L Ward
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jennifer A Rinker
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jacqueline F McGinty
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael D Scofield
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - James M Otis
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Ralph Johnson Veterans Administration, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Shafieichaharberoud F, Lang S, Whalen C, Rivera Quiles C, Purcell L, Talbot C, Wang P, Norton EB, Mazei-Robison M, Sulima A, Jacobson AE, Rice KC, Matyas GR, Huang X. Enhancing Protective Antibodies against Opioids through Antigen Display on Virus-like Particles. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:164-173. [PMID: 38113481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a public health crisis, with recent significant increases in the number of deaths due to overdose. Vaccination can provide an attractive complementary strategy to combat OUD. A key for high vaccine efficacy is the induction of high levels of antibodies specific to the drug of abuse. Herein, a powerful immunogenic carrier, virus-like particle mutant bacteriophage Qβ (mQβ), has been investigated as a carrier of a small molecule hapten 6-AmHap mimicking heroin. The mQβ-6-AmHap conjugate was able to induce significantly higher levels of IgG antibodies against 6-AmHap than mice immunized with the corresponding tetanus toxoid-6-AmHap conjugate in head-to-head comparison studies in multiple strains of mice. The IgG antibody responses were persistent with high anti-6-AmHap titers 600 days after being immunized with mQβ-6-AmHap. The antibodies induced exhibited strong binding toward multiple heroin/morphine derivatives that have the potential to be abused, while binding weakly to medications used for OUD treatment and pain relief. Furthermore, vaccination effectively reduced the impacts of morphine on mice in both ambulation and antinociception assays, highlighting the translational potential of the mQβ-6-AmHap conjugate to mitigate the harmful effects of drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Shafieichaharberoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Connor Whalen
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Cristina Rivera Quiles
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Lillie Purcell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Cameron Talbot
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Norton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, United States
| | - Michelle Mazei-Robison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Agnieszka Sulima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Arthur E Jacobson
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Gary R Matyas
- Laboratory of Adjuvant and Antigen Research, U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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5
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Gutierrez A, Taffe MA. Rats chasing the dragon: A new heroin inhalation method. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110013. [PMID: 37989452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite extensive human use of inhalation for ingesting opioids, models in rodents have mostly been limited to parenteral injection and oral dosing. Methods using electronic drug delivery systems (EDDS; "e-cigarettes") have shown efficacy in rodent models but these do not faithfully mimic the most popular human inhalation method of heating heroin to the point of vaporization. NEW METHOD Middle aged rats were exposed to vapor created by direct heating of heroin HCl powder in a ceramic e-cigarette type atomizer. Efficacy was determined with a warm water tail withdrawal nociception assay, rectal temperature and self-administration. RESULTS Ten minutes of inhalation of vaporized heroin slowed response latency in a warm water tail withdrawal assay and increased rectal temperature in male rats, in a dose-dependent manner. Similar antinociceptive effects in female rats were attenuated by the opioid antagonist naloxone (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.). Female rats made operant responses for heroin vapor in 15-minute sessions, increased their response rate when the reinforcement ratio increased from FR1 to FR5, and further increased their responding when vapor delivery was omitted. Anti-nociceptive effects of self-administered volatilized heroin were of a similar magnitude as those produced by the 10-minute non-contingent exposure. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Inhalation of directly volatilized heroin successfully produces heroin-typical effects, comparable to EDDS inhalation delivery. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that "chasing the dragon" methods of inhalation of heroin can be modeled successfully in the rat. Inhalation techniques may be particularly useful for longer term studies deep into the middle age of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Taffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Hiranita T, Ho NP, France CP. Ventilatory Effects of Fentanyl, Heroin, and d-Methamphetamine, Alone and in Mixtures in Male Rats Breathing Normal Air . J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:244-256. [PMID: 37739803 PMCID: PMC10801789 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of drug overdoses and deaths has increased significantly over the past decade and co-use of opioids and stimulants is associated with greater likelihood of overdose and decreased likelihood of accessing treatment, compared with use of opioids alone. Potential adverse effects of opioid/stimulant mixtures, particularly methamphetamine, are not well characterized. Two structurally different drugs with agonist properties at µ-opioid receptors (MOR), fentanyl and heroin, and d-methamphetamine, alone and in mixtures, were assessed for their effects on ventilation in rats breathing normal air. Whole-body phethysmography chambers were equipped with a tower and swivel allowing infusions to indwelling intravenous catheters. After a 45-minute habituation period, saline, fentanyl, heroin, or d-methamphetamine, alone and in mixtures, was administered. Five minutes later, the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone or vehicle was injected. Fentanyl (0.0032-0.1 mg/kg) and heroin (0.32-3.2 mg/kg) decreased ventilation [frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT)] in a dose-related manner whereas d-methamphetamine (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) increased f to >400% of control and decreased VT to <60% of control, overall increasing minute volume (product of f and VT) to >240% of control. When combined, d-methamphetamine (0.1-3.2 mg/kg) attenuated the ventilatory depressant effects of fentanyl (0.1 mg/kg) and heroin (3.2 mg/kg). d-Methamphetamine did not alter the potency of naloxone to reverse the ventilatory depressant effects of fentanyl or heroin. These studies demonstrate that d-methamphetamine can attenuate the ventilatory depressant effects of moderate doses of opioid receptor agonists while not altering the potency of naloxone to reverse opioid hypoventilation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Co-use of opioids and stimulants is associated with greater likelihood of overdose and decreased likelihood of accessing treatment, compared with use of opioids alone. Potential adverse effects of opioid/stimulant mixtures are not well characterized. This study reports that 1) d-methamphetamine attenuates the ventilatory depressant effects of moderate doses of two structurally different opioid receptor agonists, fentanyl and heroin, and 2) d-methamphetamine does not alter potency or effectiveness of naloxone to reverse the ventilatory depressant effects of these opioid receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Hiranita
- Department of Pharmacology (T.H., N.P.H., C.P.F.), Department of Psychiatry (C.P.F.), and Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.H., N.P.H., C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nicholas P Ho
- Department of Pharmacology (T.H., N.P.H., C.P.F.), Department of Psychiatry (C.P.F.), and Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.H., N.P.H., C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Charles P France
- Department of Pharmacology (T.H., N.P.H., C.P.F.), Department of Psychiatry (C.P.F.), and Addiction Research, Treatment & Training Center of Excellence (T.H., N.P.H., C.P.F.), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Gastine S, Morse JD, Leung MT, Wong ICK, Howard RF, Harrop E, Liossi C, Standing JF, Jassal SS, Hain RD, Skene S, Oulton K, Law SL, Quek WT, Anderson BJ. Diamorphine pharmacokinetics and conversion factor estimates for intranasal diamorphine in paediatric breakthrough pain:systematic review. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024; 13:e485-e493. [PMID: 35184039 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal diamorphine is a potential treatment for breakthrough pain but few paediatric data are available to assist dose estimation. AIM To determine an intranasal diamorphine dose in children through an understanding of pharmacokinetics. DESIGN A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to seek diamorphine pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates, children and adults. Parenteral and enteral diamorphine bioavailability were reviewed with respect to formation of the major metabolite, morphine. Clinical data quantifying equianalgesic effects of diamorphine and morphine were reviewed. REVIEW SOURCES PubMed (1960-2020); EMBASE (1980-2020); IPA (1973-2020) and original human research studies that reported diacetylmorphine and metabolite after any dose or route of administration. RESULTS The systematic review identified 19 studies: 16 in adults and 1 in children and 2 neonatal reports. Details of study participants were extracted. Age ranged from premature neonates to 67 years and weight 1.4-88 kg. Intranasal diamorphine bioavailability was predicted as 50%. The equianalgesic intravenous conversion ratio of morphine:diamorphine was 2:1. There was heterogeneity between pharmacokinetic parameter estimates attributed to routes of administration, lack of size standardisation, methodology and pharmacokinetic analysis. Estimates of the pharmacokinetic parameters clearance and volume of distribution were reduced in neonates. There were insufficient paediatric data to characterise clearance or volume maturation of either diamorphine or its metabolites. CONCLUSIONS We estimate equianalgesic ratios of intravenous morphine:diamorphine 2:1, intravenous morphine:intranasal diamorphine 1:1 and oral morphine:intranasal diamorphine of 1:3. These ratios are based on adult literature, but are reasonable for deciding on an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg in children 4-13 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Gastine
- Great Ormond St Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - James D Morse
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Miriam Ty Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Richard F Howard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Christina Liossi
- School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joseph F Standing
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Immunity and Inflammation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Satbir Singh Jassal
- Palliative Care, Rainbows Hospice for Children and Young Adults, Loughborough, UK
| | - Richard D Hain
- All-Wales Managed Clinical Network in Paediatric Palliative Medicine, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Skene
- Faculty of Arts and Human Sciences, Surrey Clinical Trials Unit, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kate Oulton
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Siew L Law
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Wan T Quek
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Brian J Anderson
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
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Smith MA, Pearson T, Ballard SL, Camp JD, Sharp JL. The effects of gonadal hormones on heroin Self-Administration in male gonadectomized rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:171-179. [PMID: 37833541 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have shown that gonadal hormones influence opioid self-administration in female rodents, but very few studies have examined these effects in male rodents. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chronic hormone treatment on intravenous heroin self-administration in gonadectomized male rats using both physiological and supraphysiological doses of testosterone, estradiol, or progesterone. METHODS Gonadectomized male rats were surgically implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer heroin on a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule of reinforcement. Using a between-subjects design, rats were treated daily with testosterone (0.175 or 1.75 mg, sc), estradiol (0.0005 or 0.005 mg, sc), progesterone, (0.0125 or 0.125 mg, sc), or their vehicles. After 14 days of chronic treatment, a dose-effect curve was determined for heroin (0.0003-0.03 mg/kg/infusion) over the course of one week. RESULTS Neither testosterone nor estradiol altered responding maintained by heroin. In contrast, the high dose of progesterone (0.125 mg) reduced responding maintained by all doses of heroin to saline-control levels. This dose of progesterone did not reduce responding maintained by food on a progressive ratio schedule in either food-restricted or food-sated rats. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that exogenous progesterone or a pharmacologically active metabolite selectively decreases heroin intake in male rodents, which may have therapeutic implications for men with opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Smith
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA.
| | - Tallia Pearson
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Shannon L Ballard
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Jacob D Camp
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
| | - Jessica L Sharp
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, Davidson, NC, USA
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Galaj E, Barrera ED, Persaud K, Nisanov R, Vashisht A, Goldberg H, Patel N, Lenhard H, You ZB, Gardner EL, Ranaldi R. The Impact of Heroin Self-Administration and Environmental Enrichment on Ventral Tegmental CRF1 Receptor Expression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:828-839. [PMID: 37864842 PMCID: PMC10726410 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a strong link between chronic stress and vulnerability to drug abuse and addiction. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is central to the stress response that contributes to continuation and relapse to heroin abuse. Chronic heroin exposure can exacerbate CRF production, leading to dysregulation of the midbrain CRF-dopamine-glutamate interaction. METHODS Here we investigated the role of midbrain CRF1 receptors in heroin self-administration and assessed neuroplasticity in CRF1 receptor expression in key opioid addiction brain regions. RESULTS Infusions of antalarmin (a CRF1 receptor antagonist) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dose dependently reduced heroin self-administration in rats but had no impact on food reinforcement or locomotor activity in rats. Using RNAscope in situ hybridization, we found that heroin, but not saline, self-administration upregulated CRF1 receptor mRNA in the VTA, particularly on dopamine neurons. AMPA GluR1 and dopamine reuptake transporter mRNA in VTA neurons were not affected by heroin. The western-blot assay showed that CRF1 receptors were upregulated in the VTA and nucleus accumbens. No significant changes in CRF1 protein expression were detected in the prefrontal cortex, insula, dorsal hippocampus, and substantia nigra. In addition, we found that 15 days of environmental enrichment implemented after heroin self-administration does not reverse upregulation of VTA CRF1 receptor mRNA but it downregulates dopamine transporter mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data suggest that heroin self-administration requires stimulation of VTA CRF1 receptors and upregulates their expression in brain regions involved in reinforcement. Such long-lasting neuroadaptations may contribute to continuation of drug use and relapse due to stress exposure and are not easily reversed by EE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Eddy D Barrera
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
| | - Kirk Persaud
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Rudolf Nisanov
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
| | - Apoorva Vashisht
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
| | - Hindy Goldberg
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Nima Patel
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
| | - Hayley Lenhard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Ranaldi
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NYUSA
- Department of Psychology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, New York, USA
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10
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Hu RR, Yang MD, Ding XY, Wu N, Li J, Song R. Blockade of the Dopamine D 3 Receptor Attenuates Opioids-Induced Addictive Behaviours Associated with Inhibiting the Mesolimbic Dopamine System. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1655-1668. [PMID: 37040055 PMCID: PMC10603017 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) has become a considerable global public health challenge; however, potential medications for the management of OUD that are effective, safe, and nonaddictive are not available. Accumulating preclinical evidence indicates that antagonists of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have effects on addiction in different animal models. We have previously reported that YQA14, a D3R antagonist, exhibits very high affinity and selectivity for D3Rs over D2Rs, and is able to inhibit cocaine- or methamphetamine-induced reinforcement and reinstatement in self-administration tests. In the present study, our results illustrated that YQA14 dose-dependently reduced infusions under the fixed-ratio 2 procedure and lowered the breakpoint under the progressive-ratio procedure in heroin self-administered rats, also attenuated heroin-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. On the other hand, YQA14 not only reduced morphine-induced expression of conditioned place preference but also facilitated the extinguishing process in mice. Moreover, we elucidated that YQA14 attenuated opioid-induced reward or reinforcement mainly by inhibiting morphine-induced up-regulation of dopaminergic neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area and decreasing dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with a fiber photometry recording system. These findings suggest that D3R might play a very important role in opioid addiction, and YQA14 may have pharmacotherapeutic potential in attenuating opioid-induced addictive behaviors dependent on the dopamine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Meng-Die Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China.
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11
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Carter JS, Costa CC, Kearns AM, Reichel CM. Inhibition of Estradiol Signaling in the Basolateral Amygdala Impairs Extinction Memory Recall for Heroin-Conditioned Cues in a Sex-Specific Manner. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 114:207-222. [PMID: 37848008 PMCID: PMC10922099 DOI: 10.1159/000534647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relapse is a major treatment barrier for opioid use disorder. Environmental cues become associated with the rewarding effects of opioids and can precipitate relapse, even after numerous unreinforced cue presentations, due to deficits in extinction memory recall (EMR). Estradiol (E2) modulates EMR of fear-related cues, but it is unknown whether E2 impacts EMR of reward cues and what brain region(s) are responsible for E2s effects. Here, we hypothesize that inhibition of E2 signaling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) will impair EMR of a heroin-associated cue in both male and female rats. METHODS We pharmacologically manipulated E2 signaling to characterize the role of E2 in the BLA on heroin-cue EMR. Following heroin self-administration, during which a light/tone cue was co-presented with each heroin infusion, rats underwent cued extinction to extinguish the conditioned association between the light/tone and heroin. During extinction, E2 signaling in the BLA was blocked by an aromatase inhibitor or specific estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists. The next day, subjects underwent a cued test to assess heroin-cue EMR. RESULTS In both experiments, females took more heroin than males (mg/kg) and had higher operant responding during cued extinction. Inhibition of E2 synthesis in the BLA impaired heroin-cue EMR in both sexes. Notably, E2s actions are mediated by different ER mechanisms, ERα in males but ERβ in females. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate a behavioral role for centrally-produced E2 in the BLA and that E2 also impacts EMR of reward-associated stimuli in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S. Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Caitlyn C. Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Angela M. Kearns
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Carmela M. Reichel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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12
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Li H, Zhao H, Hu T, Meng L, Mo X, Gong M, Liao Y. The Cdk5 inhibitor β-butyrolactone impairs reconsolidation of heroin-associated memory in the rat basolateral amygdala. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13326. [PMID: 37644892 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of maladaptive heroin-associated memory, which is triggered by drug-related stimuli that remind the individual of the drug's pleasurable and rewarding effects, can impede abstinence efforts. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a neuronal serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a role in multiple neuronal functions, has been demonstrated to be involved in drug addiction and learning and memory. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of cdk5 activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in relapse to heroin seeking, using a self-administration rat model. Male rats underwent 10 days of heroin self-administration training, during which an active nose poke resulted in an intravenous infusion of heroin that was accompanied by a cue. The rats then underwent nose poke extinction for 10 days, followed by subsequent tests of heroin-seeking behaviour. We found that intra-BLA infusion of β-butyrolactone (100 ng/side), a Cdk5 inhibitor, administered 5 min after reactivation, led to a subsequent decrease in heroin-seeking behaviour. Further experiments demonstrated that the effects of β-butyrolactone are dependent on reactivated memories, temporal-specific and long-lasting on relapse of heroin-associated memory. Results provide suggestive evidence that the activity of Cdk5 in BLA is critical for heroin-associated memory and that the specific inhibitor, β-butyrolactone, may hold potential as a substance for the treatment of heroin abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiting Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Mo
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqi Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwei Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Institute of Skull Base Surgery and Neurooncology at Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Francis T, Leri F. Role of dopamine D1 receptor in the modulation of memory consolidation by passive and self-administered heroin and associated conditioned stimuli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12614. [PMID: 37537211 PMCID: PMC10400648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that opiates modulate memory consolidation, but recent work has indicated that this effect may be mediated by how the drug is experienced (i.e., passive injections vs. self-administration). Because the dopamine (DA) D1 receptor is involved in processing of learning signals and attribution of salience to events experienced by an organism, two studies in male Sprague-Dawley rats tested the effect of blocking this receptor on modulation of memory consolidation by passive and self-administered heroin, in addition to conditioned memory modulation by heroin-paired cues. Using the object location memory task, Study 1 employed SCH23390 (0, 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg, SC) to modulate enhancement of memory consolidation induced by post-training injections of heroin (1 mg/kg, SC) as well as by exposure to the environment paired with heroin injections (6 pairings, 1 h each, 1 mg/kg). Study 2 was conducted in rats that could self-administer heroin (0.05 mg/kg/infusion, IV) and tested whether SCH23390 (0 and 0.1 mg/kg, SC) could prevent memory modulation induced by a change in schedule of self-administration (from fixed to variable ratio). It was found that while repeated passive injections of heroin retained their enhancing effect on memory, when self-administered, heroin enhanced consolidation of object location memory only at the beginning of self-administration and after a change in schedule. Importantly, SCH23390 blocked memory modulation by heroin when passively administered and when the drug was self-administered on a novel schedule. SCH23390 also blocked conditioned memory modulation induced by post-training exposure to heroin-paired cues. Taken together, these results suggest that modulation of memory consolidation by unconditioned and conditioned opiate reinforcers involve a D1-dependent mechanism of salience attribution linked to the anticipation of drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Francis
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology and Collaborative Program in Neuroscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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14
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F Martins ML, Loos NHC, El Yattouti M, Offeringa L, Heydari P, Hillebrand MJX, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) Restricts Brain Penetration of the Main Active Heroin Metabolites 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and Morphine in Mice. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1885-1899. [PMID: 37344602 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Heroin (diacetylmorphine; diamorphine) is a highly addictive opioid prodrug. Heroin prescription is possible in some countries for chronic, treatment-refractory opioid-dependent patients and as a potent analgesic for specific indications. We aimed to study the pharmacokinetic interactions of heroin and its main pharmacodynamically active metabolites, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM) and morphine, with the multidrug efflux transporters P-glycoprotein/ABCB1 and BCRP/ABCG2 using wild-type, Abcb1a/1b and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2 knockout mice. METHODS & RESULTS Upon subcutaneous (s.c.) heroin administration, its blood levels decreased quickly, making it challenging to detect heroin even shortly after dosing. 6-MAM was the predominant active metabolite present in blood and most tissues. At 10 and 30 min after heroin administration, 6-MAM and morphine brain accumulation were increased about 2-fold when mouse (m)Abcb1a/1b and mAbcg2 were ablated. Fifteen minutes after direct s.c. administration of an equimolar dose of 6-MAM, we observed good intrinsic brain penetration of 6-MAM in wild-type mice. Still, mAbcb1 limited brain accumulation of 6-MAM and morphine without affecting their blood exposure, and possibly mediated their direct intestinal excretion. A minor contribution of mAbcg2 to these effects could not be excluded. CONCLUSIONS We show that mAbcb1a/1b can limit 6-MAM and morphine brain exposure. Pharmacodynamic behavioral/postural observations, while non-quantitative, supported moderately increased brain levels of 6-MAM and morphine in the knockout mouse strains. Variation in ABCB1 activity due to genetic polymorphisms or environmental factors (e.g., drug interactions) might affect 6-MAM/morphine exposure in individuals, but only to a limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida L F Martins
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy H C Loos
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malika El Yattouti
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianda Offeringa
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paniz Heydari
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel J X Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066, CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Siemsen BM, Denton AR, Parrila-Carrero J, Hooker KN, Carpenter EA, Prescot ME, Brock AG, Westphal AM, Leath MN, McFaddin JA, Jhou TC, McGinty JF, Scofield MD. Heroin Self-Administration and Extinction Increase Prelimbic Cortical Astrocyte-Synapse Proximity and Alter Dendritic Spine Morphometrics That Are Reversed by N-Acetylcysteine. Cells 2023; 12:1812. [PMID: 37508477 PMCID: PMC10378353 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that adaptations in corticostriatal neurotransmission significantly contribute to heroin relapse vulnerability. In animal models, heroin self-administration and extinction produce cellular adaptations in both neurons and astrocytes within the nucleus accumbens (NA) core that are required for cue-induced heroin seeking. Specifically, decreased glutamate clearance and reduced association of perisynaptic astrocytic processes with NAcore synapses allow glutamate release from prelimbic (PrL) cortical terminals to engage synaptic and structural plasticity in NAcore medium spiny neurons. Normalizing astrocyte glutamate homeostasis with drugs like the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevents cue-induced heroin seeking. Surprisingly, little is known about heroin-induced alterations in astrocytes or pyramidal neurons projecting to the NAcore in the PrL cortex (PrL-NAcore). Here, we observe functional adaptations in the PrL cortical astrocyte following heroin self-administration (SA) and extinction as measured by the electrophysiologically evoked plasmalemmal glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1)-dependent current. We likewise observed the increased complexity of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) cytoskeletal arbor and increased association of the astrocytic plasma membrane with synaptic markers following heroin SA and extinction training in the PrL cortex. Repeated treatment with NAC during extinction reversed both the enhanced astrocytic complexity and synaptic association. In PrL-NAcore neurons, heroin SA and extinction decreased the apical tuft dendritic spine density and enlarged dendritic spine head diameter in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Repeated NAC treatment during extinction prevented decreases in spine density but not dendritic spine head expansion. Moreover, heroin SA and extinction increased the co-registry of the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors in both the dendrite shaft and spine heads of PrL-NAcore neurons. Interestingly, the accumulation of GluA1 immunoreactivity in spine heads was further potentiated by NAC treatment during extinction. Finally, we show that the NAC treatment and elimination of thrombospondin 2 (TSP-2) block cue-induced heroin relapse. Taken together, our data reveal circuit-level adaptations in cortical dendritic spine morphology potentially linked to heroin-induced alterations in astrocyte complexity and association at the synapses. Additionally, these data demonstrate that NAC reverses PrL cortical heroin SA-and-extinction-induced adaptations in both astrocytes and corticostriatal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Siemsen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Adam R. Denton
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Kaylee N. Hooker
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Eilish A. Carpenter
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Meagan E. Prescot
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ashley G. Brock
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Annaka M. Westphal
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mary-Nan Leath
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - John A. McFaddin
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Thomas C. Jhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Jacqueline F. McGinty
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Michael D. Scofield
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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16
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Bossert JM, Mejias-Aponte CA, Saunders T, Altidor L, Emery M, Fredriksson I, Batista A, Claypool SM, Caldwell KE, Reiner DJ, Chow JJ, Foltz M, Kumar V, Seasholtz A, Hughes E, Filipiak W, Harvey BK, Richie CT, Vautier F, Gomez JL, Michaelides M, Kieffer BL, Watson SJ, Akil H, Shaham Y. Effect of Selective Lesions of Nucleus Accumbens µ-Opioid Receptor-Expressing Cells on Heroin Self-Administration in Male and Female Rats: A Study with Novel Oprm1-Cre Knock-in Rats. J Neurosci 2023; 43:1692-1713. [PMID: 36717230 PMCID: PMC10010456 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2049-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit mechanisms of MOR-expressing cells are less known because of a lack of genetic tools to selectively manipulate them. We introduce a CRISPR-based Oprm1-Cre knock-in transgenic rat that provides cell type-specific genetic access to MOR-expressing cells. After performing anatomic and behavioral validation experiments, we used the Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats to study the involvement of NAc MOR-expressing cells in heroin self-administration in male and female rats. Using RNAscope, autoradiography, and FISH chain reaction (HCR-FISH), we found no differences in Oprm1 expression in NAc, dorsal striatum, and dorsal hippocampus, or MOR receptor density (except dorsal striatum) or function between Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats and wildtype littermates. HCR-FISH assay showed that iCre is highly coexpressed with Oprm1 (95%-98%). There were no genotype differences in pain responses, morphine analgesia and tolerance, heroin self-administration, and relapse-related behaviors. We used the Cre-dependent vector AAV1-EF1a-Flex-taCasp3-TEVP to lesion NAc MOR-expressing cells. We found that the lesions decreased acquisition of heroin self-administration in male Oprm1-Cre rats and had a stronger inhibitory effect on the effort to self-administer heroin in female Oprm1-Cre rats. The validation of an Oprm1-Cre knock-in rat enables new strategies for understanding the role of MOR-expressing cells in rat models of opioid addiction, pain-related behaviors, and other opioid-mediated functions. Our initial mechanistic study indicates that lesioning NAc MOR-expressing cells had different effects on heroin self-administration in male and female rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit mechanisms of MOR-expressing cells are less known because of a lack of genetic tools to selectively manipulate them. We introduce a CRISPR-based Oprm1-Cre knock-in transgenic rat that provides cell type-specific genetic access to brain MOR-expressing cells. After performing anatomical and behavioral validation experiments, we used the Oprm1-Cre knock-in rats to show that lesioning NAc MOR-expressing cells had different effects on heroin self-administration in males and females. The new Oprm1-Cre rats can be used to study the role of brain MOR-expressing cells in animal models of opioid addiction, pain-related behaviors, and other opioid-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bossert
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Carlos A Mejias-Aponte
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Lindsay Altidor
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Ida Fredriksson
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Ashley Batista
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Sarah M Claypool
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Kiera E Caldwell
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - David J Reiner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Jonathan J Chow
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | | | - Vivek Kumar
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104
| | | | | | | | - Brandon K Harvey
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Christopher T Richie
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Francois Vautier
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Juan L Gomez
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- University of Strasbourg-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1114, Strasbourg, France, 67084
| | | | - Huda Akil
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48104
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse-National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224
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17
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Barrera ED, Timken PD, Lee E, Persaud KRS, Goldstein H, Parasram DN, Vashisht A, Ranaldi R. Environmental enrichment facilitates electric barrier induced heroin abstinence after incubation of craving in male and female rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 244:109799. [PMID: 36774806 PMCID: PMC9982754 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment strategies that aim to promote abstinence to heroin use and reduce vulnerability to drug-use resumption are limited in sustainability and long-term efficacy. We have previously shown that environmental enrichment (EE), when implemented after drug self-administration, reduces drug-seeking and promotes abstinence to cocaine and heroin in male rats. Here, we tested the effects of EE on abstinence in an animal conflict model in males and females, and after periods where incubation of craving may occur. METHODS Male and female rats were trained to self-administer heroin followed by 3 or 21 days of a no-event-interval (NEI). Following NEI, rats were permanently moved to environmental enrichment (EE) or new standard (nEE) housing 3 days prior to resuming self-administration in the presence of an electric barrier adjacent to the drug access lever. Electric barrier current was increased daily until rats ceased self-administration. RESULTS We found that 21 days of NEI led to significantly greater heroin self-administration and a trend toward shorter latencies to emit the first active lever press in the first abstinence session compared to 3 days of NEI. EE, when compared to nEE, led to longer latencies in the first abstinence session. Also, EE groups of both sexes and in both NEIs achieved abstinence criteria in significantly fewer numbers of sessions. CONCLUSIONS EE facilitates abstinence in males and females and after periods where incubation of craving may occur. This suggests that EE may benefit individuals attempting to abstain from heroin use and may aid in the development of long term treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy D Barrera
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Patrick D Timken
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| | - Elaine Lee
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| | - Kirk R S Persaud
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| | - Hindy Goldstein
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| | - Daleya N Parasram
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
| | - Apoorva Vashisht
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| | - Robert Ranaldi
- Psychology Department, Queens College, 65-30 Kissena Blvd, Flushing, NY 11367, United States; The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States.
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Gaudreault PO, King SG, Malaker P, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Whole-brain white matter abnormalities in human cocaine and heroin use disorders: association with craving, recency, and cumulative use. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:780-791. [PMID: 36369361 PMCID: PMC9911401 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01833-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies in substance use disorder have shown widespread impairments in white matter (WM) microstructure suggesting demyelination and axonal damage. However, substantially fewer studies explored the generalized vs. the acute and/or specific drug effects on WM. Our study assessed whole-brain WM integrity in three subgroups of individuals addicted to drugs, encompassing those with cocaine (CUD) or heroin (HUD) use disorder, compared to healthy controls (CTL). Diffusion MRI was acquired in 58 CTL, 28 current cocaine users/CUD+, 32 abstinent cocaine users/CUD-, and 30 individuals with HUD (urine was positive for cocaine in CUD+ and opiates used for treatment in HUD). Tract-Based Spatial Statistics allowed voxelwise analyses of diffusion metrics [fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD)]. Permutation statistics (p-corrected < 0.05) were used for between-group t-tests. Compared to CTL, all individuals with addiction showed widespread decreases in FA, and increases in MD, RD, and AD (19-57% of WM skeleton, p < 0.05). The HUD group showed the most impairments, followed by the CUD+, with only minor FA reductions in CUD- (<0.2% of WM skeleton, p = 0.05). Longer periods of regular use were associated with decreased FA and AD, and higher subjective craving was associated with increased MD, RD, and AD, across all individuals with drug addiction (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate extensive WM impairments in individuals with drug addiction characterized by decreased anisotropy and increased diffusivity, thought to reflect demyelination and lower axonal packing. Extensive abnormalities in both groups with positive urine status (CUD+ and HUD), and correlations with craving, suggest greater WM impairments with more recent use. Results in CUD-, and correlations with regular use, further imply cumulative and/or persistent WM damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Olivier Gaudreault
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Sarah G King
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Pias Malaker
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Psychiatry and Neuroscience Departments, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA.
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Ding H, Kiguchi N, Mabry KM, Kishioka S, Ko MC. Functional consequences of short-term exposure to opioids versus cannabinoids in nonhuman primates. Neuropharmacology 2023; 223:109328. [PMID: 36356937 PMCID: PMC9742330 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Opioids provide pain relief but are associated with several adverse effects. Researchers are exploring cannabis-based medicine as an alternative. However, little is known about the tendency for physical dependence on cannabinoids in comparison with that on opioids in primates. The aim of this study was to compare the potency of heroin and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in eliciting analgesic effects and the development of physical dependence between opioids and cannabinoids in both male and female rhesus monkeys. Systemic administration of either heroin (0.03-0.18 mg/kg) or THC (0.3-1.8 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner produced antinociceptive effects against an acute thermal nociceptive stimulus. The μ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (0.01 mg/kg) and the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A (0.3 mg/kg) produced the same degree of rightward shift in the dose-response curves for heroin- and THC-induced antinociception, respectively. Monkeys implanted with telemetry devices were subjected to short-term repeated administrations (two injections per day for 1-3 days) of either heroin (0.18 mg/kg), morphine (1.8 mg/kg), THC (1.8 mg/kg), or CP 55,940 (0.032 mg/kg). Administration of naltrexone (0.01 mg/kg) increased respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure in heroin- or morphine-treated monkeys. In contrast, administration of SR141716A (0.3 mg/kg) did not cause a significant change in these physiological parameters in THC- or CP 55,940-treated monkeys. Additionally, morphine, but not CP 55,940, enhanced the monkeys' hypersensitivity to the algogen capsaicin. Collectively, these results demonstrate that in nonhuman primates, both opioids and cannabinoids exert comparable antinociception; however, physical dependence on opioids, but not cannabinoids, at their antinociceptive doses, occurs following short-term exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA.
| | - Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Kelsey M Mabry
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Shiroh Kishioka
- Faculty of Wakayama Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Wakayama, 640-8392, Japan
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
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20
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Carter JS, Wood SK, Kearns AM, Hopkins JL, Reichel CM. Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus Oxytocin and Incubation of Heroin Seeking. Neuroendocrinology 2023; 113:1112-1126. [PMID: 36709749 PMCID: PMC10372195 DOI: 10.1159/000529358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are numerous pharmacologic treatments for opioid use disorder (OUD), but none that directly target the underlying addictive effects of opioids. Oxytocin, a peptide hormone produced in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, has been investigated as a potential therapeutic for OUD. Promising preclinical and clinical results have been reported, but the brain region(s) and mechanism(s) by which oxytocin impacts reward processes remain undetermined. METHODS Here, we assess peripherally administered oxytocin's impacts on cued reinstatement of heroin seeking following forced abstinence and its effects on neuronal activation in the PVN and key projection regions. We also examine how designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD)-mediated activation or inhibition of oxytocinergic PVN neurons alters cued heroin seeking and social interaction. RESULTS As predicted, peripheral oxytocin administration successfully decreased cued heroin seeking on days 1 and 30 of abstinence. Oxytocin administration also led to increased neuronal activity within the PVN and the central amygdala (CeA). Activation of oxytocinergic PVN neurons with an excitatory (Gq) DREADD did not impact cued reinstatement or social interaction. In contrast, suppression with an inhibitory (Gi) DREADD reduced heroin seeking on abstinence day 30 and decreased time spent interacting with a novel conspecific. DISCUSSION These findings reinforce oxytocin's therapeutic potential for OUD, the basis for which may be driven in part by increased PVN-CeA circuit activity. Our results also suggest that oxytocin has distinct signaling and/or other mechanisms of action to produce these effects, as inhibition, but not activation, of oxytocinergic PVN neurons did not recapitulate the suppression in heroin seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA,
| | - Samuel K Wood
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Angela M Kearns
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jordan L Hopkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carmela M Reichel
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Kuhn BN, Cannella N, Crow AD, Roberts AT, Lunerti V, Allen C, Nall RW, Hardiman G, Woods LCS, Chung D, Ciccocioppo R, Kalivas PW. Novelty-induced locomotor behavior predicts heroin addiction vulnerability in male, but not female, rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3605-3620. [PMID: 36112154 PMCID: PMC9632364 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The ongoing rise in opioid use disorder (OUD) has made it imperative to better model the individual variation within the human population that contributes to OUD vulnerability. Using animal models that capture such variation can be a useful tool. Individual variation in novelty-induced locomotion is predictive of substance use disorder (SUD) propensity. In this model, rats are characterized as high-responders (HR) or low-responders (LR) using a median split based on distance travelled during a locomotor test, and HR rats are generally found to exhibit a more SUD vulnerable behavioral phenotype. OBJECTIVES The HR/LR model has commonly been used to assess behaviors in male rats using psychostimulants, with limited knowledge of the predictive efficacy of this model in females or the use of an opioid as the reward. In the current study, we assessed several behaviors across the different phases of drug addiction (heroin taking, refraining, and seeking) in over 500 male and female heterogeneous stock rats run at two geographically separate locations. Rats were characterized as HRs or LRs within each sex for analysis. RESULTS Overall, females exhibit a more OUD vulnerable phenotype relative to males. Additionally, the HR/LR model was predictive of OUD-like behaviors in male, but not female rats. Furthermore, phenotypes did not differ in anxiety-related behaviors, reacquisition of heroin-taking, or punished heroin-taking behavior in either sex. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of assessing females in models of individual variation in SUD and highlight limitations in using the HR/LR model to assess OUD propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Kuhn
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | | | - Ayteria D Crow
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Analyse T Roberts
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | | | - Carter Allen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rusty W Nall
- Department of Psychology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Dongjun Chung
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 403-MSC 510, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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22
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Barbaro JM, Jaureguiberry-Bravo M, Sidoli S, Berman JW. Morphine disrupts macrophage functions even during HIV infection. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:1317-1328. [PMID: 36205434 PMCID: PMC9677813 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0522-273rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/1912] [Revised: 12/12/1912] [Accepted: 12/12/1912] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) is a debilitating comorbidity that reduces quality of life in 15-40% of people with HIV (PWH) taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Opioid use has been shown to increase neurocognitive deficits in PWH. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) harbor HIV in the CNS even in PWH on ART. We hypothesized that morphine (MOR), a metabolite of heroin, further dysregulates functional processes in MDMs to increase neuropathogenesis. We found that, in uninfected and HIV-infected primary human MDMs, MOR activates these cells by increasing phagocytosis and up-regulating reactive oxygen species. Effects of MOR on phagocytosis were dependent on μ-opioid receptor activity and were mediated, in part, by inhibited lysosomal degradation of phagocytized substrates. All results persisted when cells were treated with both MOR and a commonly prescribed ART cocktail, suggesting minimal impact of ART during opioid exposure. We then performed mass spectrometry in HIV-infected MDMs treated with or without MOR to determine proteomic changes that suggest additional mechanisms by which opioids affect macrophage homeostasis. Using downstream pathway analyses, we found that MOR dysregulates ER quality control and extracellular matrix invasion. Our data indicate that MOR enhances inflammatory functions and impacts additional cellular processes in HIV-infected MDMs to potentially increases neuropathogenesis in PWH using opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Barbaro
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Matias Jaureguiberry-Bravo
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joan W. Berman
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Evans B, Stoltzfus B, Acharya N, Nyland JE, Arnold AC, Freet CS, Bunce SC, Grigson PS. Dose titration with the glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist, liraglutide, reduces cue- and drug-induced heroin seeking in high drug-taking rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 189:163-173. [PMID: 36038016 PMCID: PMC10757750 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD), like other substance use disorders (SUDs), is widely understood to be a disorder of persistent relapse. Despite the use of three FDA-approved medications for OUD, typically in conjunction with behavioral treatments, relapse rates remain unacceptably high. Whereas medication assisted therapy (MAT) reduces the risk of opioid overdose mortality, the benefits of MAT are negated when people discontinue the medications. Currently approved medications present barriers to efficient use, including daily visits to a treatment center or work restrictions. With spiking increases in opioid relapse and death, it is imperative to identify new treatments that can reduce the risk of relapse. Recent evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), currently FDA-approved to treat obesity and type two diabetes, may be promising candidates to reduce relapse. GLP-1RAs have been shown to reduce relapse in rats, whether elicited by cues, drug, and/or stress. However, GLP-1RAs also can cause gastrointestinal malaise, and therefore, in humans, the medication typically is titrated up to full dose when initiating treatment. Here, we used a rodent model to test whether cue- and drug-induced heroin seeking can be reduced by the GLP-1RA, liraglutide, when the dose is titrated across the abstinence period and prior to test. The results show this titration regimen is effective in reducing both cue-induced heroin seeking and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, particularly in rats with a history of high drug-taking. Importantly, this treatment regimen had no effect on either circulating glucose or insulin. GLP-1RAs, then, appear strong candidates for the non-opioid prevention of relapse to opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Evans
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Addiction Center for Translation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Brooke Stoltzfus
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Nikhil Acharya
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Addiction Center for Translation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Jennifer E Nyland
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Addiction Center for Translation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Addiction Center for Translation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Christopher S Freet
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Addiction Center for Translation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Scott C Bunce
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Addiction Center for Translation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; Penn State Addiction Center for Translation, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Douton JE, Acharya NK, Stoltzfus B, Sun D, Grigson PS, Nyland JE. Acute glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide prevents cue-, stress-, and drug-induced heroin-seeking in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2022; 33:364-378. [PMID: 35695511 PMCID: PMC9308649 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorder is challenging to treat due to its relapsing nature. In the last decade, opioid use disorder has been a threat to public health, being declared an epidemic by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This is a tragic situation, considering there currently are only three effective, yet not ideal, treatments to prevent relapse to opioids. Recent research has shown that hormones that modulate hunger and satiety also can modulate motivated behavior for drugs of abuse. For example, the short-acting analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone that regulates homeostatic feeding, has been shown to reduce responding for rewarding stimuli such as food, cocaine, heroin, and nicotine when administered over several days or weeks. This may serve as an effective adjuvant during treatment; however, whether it would be effective when used acutely to bridge a patient between cessation of use and onset of medication for the treatment of an opioid addiction is unknown. Here, we tested the acute effects of the longer acting GLP-1 analog, liraglutide, on heroin-seeking. In rats with heroin self-administration experience, we found that subcutaneous administration of an acute dose of 0.3-mg/kg liraglutide was effective in preventing drug-seeking after exposure to three major precipitators: drug-associated cues, stress (yohimbine-induced), and the drug itself. Finally, we confirmed that the reduction in drug-seeking is not due to a locomotor impairment, as liraglutide did not significantly alter performance in a rotarod test. As such, acute use of GLP-1 analogs may serve as a new and effective nonopioid bridge to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin E Douton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nikhil K Acharya
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine
| | - Brooke Stoltzfus
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine
| | - Dongxiao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine
| | - Jennifer E Nyland
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine
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25
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Mathieson E, Irving C, Koberna S, Nicholson M, Otto MW, Kantak KM. Role of preexisting inhibitory control deficits vs. drug use history in mediating insensitivity to aversive consequences in a rat model of polysubstance use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2377-2394. [PMID: 35391547 PMCID: PMC8989405 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The nature and predictors of insensitivity to aversive consequences of heroin + cocaine polysubstance use are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES Translational methods incorporating a tightly controlled animal model of drug self-administration and measures of inhibitory control and avoidance behavior might be helpful for clarifying this issue. METHODS The key approach for distinguishing potential contributions of pre-existing inhibitory control deficits vs. drug use history in meditating insensitivity to aversive consequences was comparison of two rat strains: Wistar (WIS/Crl), an outbred strain, and the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR/NCrl), an inbred strain shown previously to exhibit heightened cocaine and heroin self-administration and poor inhibitory control relative to WIS/Crl. RESULTS In separate tasks, SHR/NCrl displayed greater impulsive action and compulsive-like behavior than WIS/Crl prior to drug exposure. Under two different schedules of drug delivery, SHR/NCrl self-administered more cocaine than WIS/Crl, but self-administered a similar amount of heroin + cocaine as WIS/Crl. When half the session cycles were punished by random foot shock, SHR/NCrl initially were less sensitive to punishment than WIS/Crl when self-administering cocaine, but were similarly insensitive to punishment when self-administering heroin + cocaine. Based on correlation analyses, only trait impulsivity predicted avoidance capacity in rats self-administering cocaine and receiving yoked-saline. In contrast, only amount of drug use predicted avoidance capacity in rats self-administering heroin + cocaine. Additionally, baseline drug seeking and taking predicted punishment insensitivity in rats self-administering cocaine or heroin + cocaine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings revealed in this animal model, human laboratory research concerning the nature and predictors of insensitivity to aversive consequences in heroin and cocaine polysubstance vs. monosubstance users is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elon Mathieson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Carolyn Irving
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Koberna
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Megan Nicholson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kantak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Morse JD, Anderson BJ, Gastine S, Wong ICK, Standing JF. Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation to understand diamorphine dose-response in neonates, children, and adolescents. Paediatr Anaesth 2022; 32:716-726. [PMID: 35212432 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation can facilitate understanding and prediction of exposure-response relationships in children with acute or chronic pain. The pharmacokinetics of diamorphine (diacetylmorphine, heroin), a strong opioid, remain poorly quantified in children and dose is often guided by clinical acumen. This tutorial demonstrates how a model to describe intranasal and intravenous diamorphine pharmacokinetics can be fashioned from a model for diamorphine disposition in adults and a model describing morphine disposition in children. Allometric scaling and maturation models were applied to clearances and volumes to account for differences in size and age between children and adults. The utility of modeling and simulation to gain insight into the analgesic exposure-response relationship is demonstrated. The model explains reported observations, can be used for interrogation, interpolated to determine equianalgesia and inform future clinical studies. Simulation was used to illustrate how diamorphine is rapidly metabolized to morphine via its active metabolite 6-monoacetylmorphine, which mediates an early dopaminergic response accountable for early euphoria. Morphine formation is then responsible for the slower, prolonged analgesic response. Time-concentration profiles of diamorphine and its metabolites reflected disposition changes with age and were used to describe intravenous and intranasal dosing regimens. These indicated that morphine exposure in children after intranasal diamorphine 0.1 mg.kg-1 was similar to that after intranasal diamorphine 5 mg in adults. A target concentration of morphine 30 μg.L-1 can be achieved by a diamorphine intravenous infusion in neonates 14 μg.kg-1 .h-1 , in a 5-year-old child 42 μg.kg-1 .h-1 and in an 15 year-old-adolescent 33 μg.kg-1 .h-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Morse
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Auckland University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brian J Anderson
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Silke Gastine
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph F Standing
- Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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27
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Abstract
Heroin intake decreases markedly during proestrus in normally cycling female rats; however, it is not known whether estradiol, progesterone, or both hormones are responsible for these decreases in heroin intake. The purpose of the present study was to examine the roles of estradiol and progesterone in heroin intake by artificially inducing a proestrus state in ovariectomized rats. To this end, ovariectomized female rats were implanted with intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer heroin (0.0075 mg/kg/infusion) on a fixed ratio (FR1) schedule of reinforcement. After 1 week of training, rats were tested at weekly intervals with estradiol (0.005 mg, sc) or vehicle 22 hr before a test session and progesterone (0.125 mg, sc) or vehicle 0.5 hr before a test session to artificially mimic the naturally occurring hormone concentrations characteristic of late proestrus. Administration of estradiol 22 hr prior to testing and progesterone 0.5 hr prior to testing significantly reduced heroin intake relative to the previous training day and vehicle control. It is interesting that this same effect was observed when only estradiol, but not progesterone, was administered. These data suggest that estradiol but not progesterone is responsible for the proestrus-induced decreases in heroin intake previously reported in normally cycling female rats. These findings differ from those reported previously with stimulants and suggest that estrogen-based pharmacotherapies may be of value to women with opioid use disorder. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Douton JE, Horvath N, Mills-Huffnagle S, Nyland JE, Hajnal A, Grigson PS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, reduces heroin self-administration and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13117. [PMID: 34802173 PMCID: PMC10825889 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic brain disease characterized by the uncontrolled use of a substance. Due to its relapsing nature, addiction is difficult to treat, as individuals can relapse following even long periods of abstinence and, it is during this time, that they are most vulnerable to overdose. In America, opioid overdose has been increasing for decades, making finding new treatments to help patients remain abstinent and prevent overdose deaths imperative. Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists have shown promise in reducing motivated behaviours for drugs of abuse. In this study, we test the effectiveness of the GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide (LIR), in reducing heroin addiction-like behaviour, and the potential side effects associated with the treatment. We show that daily treatment with LIR (0.1 mg/kg sc) increases the latency to take heroin, reduces heroin self-administration, prevents escalation of heroin self-administration and reduces drug-induced reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour in rats. A 1-h pretreatment time, however, was too short to reduce cue-induced seeking in our study. Moreover, we showed that, while LIR (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg sc) supported conditioned taste avoidance of a LIR-paired saccharin cue, it did not elicit intake of the antiemetic kaolin in heroin-naïve or heroin-experienced rats. Further, 0.1 mg/kg LIR did not produce great disruptions in food intake or body weight. Overall, the data show that LIR is effective in reducing heroin taking and heroin seeking at doses that do not cause malaise and have a modest effect on food intake and body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin E Douton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nelli Horvath
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara Mills-Huffnagle
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer E Nyland
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andras Hajnal
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Floris G, Gillespie A, Zanda MT, Dabrowski KR, Sillivan SE. Heroin Regulates Orbitofrontal Circular RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1453. [PMID: 35163373 PMCID: PMC8836038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of drug overdose deaths involving opioids continues to rise in the United States. Many patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) that seek treatment still experience relapse. Perseverant opioid seeking behaviors represent a major challenge to treating OUD and additional therapeutic development will require insight into opioid-induced neurobiological adaptations. In this study, we explored the regulation of a novel class of RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), by the addictive opioid heroin in the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region that mediates behavioral responses to rewarding stimuli. Microarray analysis identified 76 OFC circRNAs significantly regulated in male rats after heroin self-administration. We evaluated the specificity of these findings by measuring heroin-associated circRNA expression in female rats after heroin self-administration and in rats that self-administered sucrose. We identify circGrin2b, circUbe2cp, circAnks1a, circAdcy5 and circSlc24A2 as heroin-responsive circRNAs in the OFC. Linear mRNA levels of heroin-associated circRNAs were unchanged except for Grin2b and Adcy5. An integrated bioinformatics analysis of regulated circRNAs identified microRNAs predicted to bind heroin-associated circRNAs and downstream targets of circRNA: microRNA sponging. Thus, heroin regulates the expression of OFC RNA splice variants that circularize and may impact cellular processes that contribute to the neurobiological adaptations that arise from chronic heroin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Floris
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary Tresa Zanda
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Konrad R. Dabrowski
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Stephanie E. Sillivan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Gutierrez A, Harvey EL, Creehan KM, Taffe MA. The long-term effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception and anxiety-like behavior in adult Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3939-3952. [PMID: 36287213 PMCID: PMC9672020 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adolescents represent a vulnerable group due to increased experimentation with illicit substances that is often associated with the adolescent period, and because adolescent drug use can result in long-term effects that differ from those caused by drug use initiated during adulthood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of repeated heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence on measures of nociception, and anxiety-like behavior during adulthood in female and male Wistar rats. METHODS Rats were exposed twice daily to 30 min of heroin vapor from post-natal day (PND) 36 to PND 45. At 12 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was assessed across a range of temperatures with a warm-water tail-withdrawal assay. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) and activity was measured in an open-field arena. Starting at 23 weeks of age, baseline thermal nociception was re-assessed, nociception was determined after acute heroin or naloxone injection, and anxiety-like behavior was redetermined in the EPM. RESULTS Adolescent heroin inhalation altered baseline thermal nociception in female rats at 12 weeks of age and in both female and male rats at ~ 23 weeks. Heroin-treated animals exhibited anxiety-like behavior when tested in the elevated plus-maze, showed blunted heroin-induced analgesia, but exhibited no effect on naloxone-induced hyperalgesia. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that heroin vapor inhalation during adolescence produces behavioral and physiological consequences in rats that persist well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Gutierrez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code 0714, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Eric L Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code 0714, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kevin M Creehan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code 0714, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael A Taffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, Mail Code 0714, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Douton JE, Augusto C, Stoltzfus B, Carkaci-Salli N, Vrana KE, Grigson PS. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, reduces reinstatement of heroin-seeking behavior in rats. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:265-277. [PMID: 33229892 PMCID: PMC8119287 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder (OUD) causes the death of nearly 130 Americans daily. It is evident that new avenues for treatment are needed. To this end, studies have reported that 'satiety' agents such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, exendin-4 (Ex-4), decreases responding for addictive drugs such as cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, and oxycodone, but no work has been done with heroin. In this study, we used a reward devaluation model in which rats avoid ingesting a saccharin solution that predicts drug availability to test the effects of 2.4 μg/kg Ex-4 on responding for a natural reward cue (i.e., saccharin) and on cue- and drug-induced heroin seeking. The results showed that treatment with Ex-4 during the 16-day abstinence period and on the test day decreased cue-induced heroin seeking. Drug-induced heroin seeking also was reduced by Ex-4, but only when using a 1 h, but not a 6 h, pretreatment time. Treatment with Ex-4 did not alter intake of the saccharin cue when the drug was on board, but a history of treatment with Ex-4 increased acceptance of the saccharin cue in later extinction trials. Finally, treatment with Ex-4 did not alter body weight, but was associated with increased Orexin 1 receptor (OX1) mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens shell. Taken together, these findings are the first to show that treatment with a GLP-1R agonist can reduce both cue-induced seeking and drug-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. As such, a GLP-1R agonist may serve as an effective treatment for OUD in humans.
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Flynn SM, France CP. Discriminative stimulus effects of carfentanil in rats discriminating fentanyl: Differential antagonism by naltrexone. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108599. [PMID: 33631547 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of deaths caused by opioids involve fentanyl and/or one of its very potent analogs (e.g., carfentanil). Some clinical reports suggest larger doses of opioid receptor antagonists may be required to reverse the effects of carfentanil compared with other opioid receptor agonists, although this has not been examined extensively in vivo. The current study compared the discriminative stimulus effects of fentanyl, carfentanil, and heroin, and their antagonism by naltrexone. METHODS Eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate 10.0 μg/kg fentanyl from saline while responding under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of food presentation. Dose-effect curves were determined for the opioid receptor agonists fentanyl (1.0-32.0 μg/kg), carfentanil (0.1-3.2 μg/kg), and heroin (10.0-320.0 μg/kg), then redetermined following a 15-minute pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg naltrexone. RESULTS Fentanyl, carfentanil, and heroin dose-dependently increased responding on the fentanyl-associated lever and decreased the rate of lever pressing. Carfentanil and heroin were approximately 10-fold more and less potent, respectively, than fentanyl at eliciting >80 % responding on the fentanyl-associated lever. Pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg naltrexone resulted in a significant rightward shift in the fentanyl and heroin but not carfentanil dose-effect curves. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the effectiveness of naltrexone to attenuate the discriminative stimulus effects of carfentanil, compared with fentanyl and heroin, suggest that there may be differences in how carfentanil exerts its discriminative stimulus effects compared with other opioids. Further evaluation is needed of potential pharmacological and behavioral differences between carfentanil and other opioids, particularly in the context of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M Flynn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive (Mail Code 7764), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Addiction Research, Treatment and Training (ARTT) Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Charles P France
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive (Mail Code 7764), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Addiction Research, Treatment and Training (ARTT) Center of Excellence, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Fonville L, Paterson L, Herlinger K, Hayes A, Hill R, Nutt D, Lingford-Hughes A. Functional evaluation of NK 1 antagonism on cue reactivity in opiate dependence; An fMRI study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108564. [PMID: 33548897 PMCID: PMC8047866 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opiate addiction is a major health challenge with substantial societal cost. Though harm minimisation strategies have been effective, there is a growing need for new treatments for detoxification and relapse prevention. Preclinical research has found neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors have prominent effects on opiate reward and reinforcement, and human studies have found NK1 antagonism led to reductions in craving and withdrawal. However, its effect on brain mechanisms in opiate addiction has not yet been examined. METHODS This study aims to assess the impact of NK1 antagonist aprepitant on heroin cue-elicited changes in blood-oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal in opiate dependent individuals undergoing detoxification. Participants will attend two scanning sessions and receive a single dose of aprepitant (320 mg) and a placebo in a randomised, cross-over design. During functional magnetic resonance imaging participants will undergo two runs of a cue reactivity task, which consists of passive viewing of drug cues or neutral cues in a block design fashion. We hypothesise that NK1 antagonism will attenuate the BOLD response to drug cues in the caudate nucleus and amygdala. Regions of interest were selected based on NK1 receptor density and their role in cue reactivity and craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Fonville
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Louise Paterson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Herlinger
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Hayes
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond Hill
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - David Nutt
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Lingford-Hughes
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Gomez DM, Everett TJ, Hamilton LR, Ranganath A, Cheer JF, Oleson EB. Chronic cannabinoid exposure produces tolerance to the dopamine releasing effects of WIN 55,212-2 and heroin in adult male rats. Neuropharmacology 2021; 182:108374. [PMID: 33115642 PMCID: PMC7836093 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids were introduced into recreational drug culture in 2008 and quickly became one of the most commonly abused drugs in the United States. The neurobiological consequences resulting from synthetic cannabinoid repeated exposure remain poorly understood. It is possible that a blunted dopamine (DA) response may lead drug users to consume larger quantities to compensate for this form of neurochemical tolerance. Because the endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems exhibit considerable cross-talk and cross-tolerance frequently develops following repeated exposure to either opioids or cannabinoids, there is interest in investigating whether a history of synthetic cannabinoid exposure influences the ability of heroin to increase DA release. To test the effects of chronic cannabinoid exposure on cannabinoid- and heroin-evoked DA release, male adult rats were treated with either vehicle or a synthetic cannabinoid (WIN55-212-2; WIN) using an intravenous (IV) dose escalation regimen (0.2-0.8 mg/kg IV over 9 treatments). As predicted, WIN-treated rats showed a rightward shift in the dose-response relationship across all behavioral/physiological measures when compared to vehicle-treated controls. Then, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to measure changes in the frequency of transient DA events in the nucleus accumbens shell of awake and freely-moving rats, it was observed that the DA releasing effects of both WIN and heroin were significantly reduced in male rats with a pharmacological history of cannabinoid exposure. These results demonstrate that repeated exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid WIN can produce tolerance to its DA releasing effects and cross-tolerance to the DA releasing effects of heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan M Gomez
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Current: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, USA
| | | | | | - Ajit Ranganath
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Maryland Baltimore, USA
| | - Erik B Oleson
- Psychology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA; Biology Department, University of Colorado Denver, USA.
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Gutierrez A, Nguyen JD, Creehan KM, Taffe MA. Female rats self-administer heroin by vapor inhalation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173061. [PMID: 33164848 PMCID: PMC7725943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades the United States has experienced a significant increase in the medical and non-medical use of opioid drugs, resulting in record numbers of opioid-related overdoses and deaths. There was an initial increase in non-medical use of prescription opioids around 2002, followed later by increased heroin use and then most recently fentanyl. Inhalation is a common route of administration for opioids, with a documented history spanning back to Mediterranean antiquity and up through modern use with e-cigarette devices. Unfortunately, preclinical studies using inhalation as the route of administration remain relatively few. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of e-cigarette vapor inhalation of heroin in rats. Non-contingent exposure to heroin or methadone vapor produced anti-nociceptive efficacy in male and female rats. Female rats were trained to self-administer heroin vapor; the most-preferring half of the distribution obtained more vapor reinforcers when the concentration of heroin was reduced in the vapor vehicle and when pre-treated with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone. The anti-nociceptive effect of heroin self-administered by vapor was identical in magnitude to that produced by intravenous self-administration. Finally, anxiety-like behavior increased 24-48 h after last heroin vapor access, consistent with withdrawal signs observed after intravenous self-administration. In sum, these studies show that rewarding and anti-nociceptive effects of heroin are produced in rats by vapor inhalation using e-cigarette technology. Importantly, self-administration models by this route can be deployed to determine health effects of inhaled heroin or other opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Gutierrez
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacques D Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M Creehan
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Taffe
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Galaj E, Han X, Shen H, Jordan CJ, He Y, Humburg B, Bi GH, Xi ZX. Dissecting the Role of GABA Neurons in the VTA versus SNr in Opioid Reward. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8853-8869. [PMID: 33046548 PMCID: PMC7659457 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0988-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid reward has traditionally been thought to be mediated by GABA-induced disinhibition of dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA. However, direct behavioral evidence supporting this hypothesis is still lacking. In this study, we found that the μ opioid receptor (MOR) gene, Oprm1, is highly expressed in GABA neurons, with ∼50% of GABA neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), ∼30% in the VTA, and ∼70% in the tail of the VTA (also called the rostromedial tegmental nucleus) in male rats. No Oprm1 mRNA was detected in midbrain DA neurons. We then found that optogenetic inhibition of VTA DA neurons reduced intravenous heroin self-administration, whereas activation of these neurons produced robust optical intracranial self-stimulation in DAT-Cre mice, supporting an important role of DA neurons in opioid reward. Unexpectedly, pharmacological blockade of MORs in the SNr was more effective than in the VTA in reducing heroin reward. Optogenetic activation of VTA GABA neurons caused place aversion and inhibited cocaine, but not heroin, self-administration, whereas optogenetic activation of SNr GABA neurons caused a robust increase in heroin self-administration with an extinction pattern, suggesting a compensatory response in drug intake due to reduced heroin reward. In addition, activation of SNr GABA neurons attenuated heroin-primed, but not cue-induced, reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, whereas inhibition of SNr GABA neurons produced optical intracranial self-stimulation and place preference. Together, these findings suggest that MORs on GABA neurons in the SNr play more important roles in opioid reward and relapse than MORs on VTA GABA neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Opioid reward has long been believed to be mediated by inhibition of GABA interneurons in the VTA that subsequently leads to disinhibition of DA neurons. In this study, we found that more μ opioid receptors (MORs) are expressed in GABA neurons in the neighboring SNr than in the VTA, and that pharmacological blockade of MORs in the SNr is more effective in reducing heroin reward than blockade of MORs in the VTA. Furthermore, optogenetic activation of VTA GABA neurons inhibited cocaine, but not heroin, self-administration, whereas activation of SNr GABA neurons inhibited heroin reward and relapse. These findings suggest that opioid reward is more likely mediated by stimulation of MORs in GABA afferents from other brain regions than in VTA GABA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Galaj
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Xiao Han
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Hui Shen
- Synaptic Plasticity Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Chloe J Jordan
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Yi He
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Bree Humburg
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Addiction Biology Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Wei H, Zhang T, Zhan CG, Zheng F. Cebranopadol reduces cocaine self-administration in male rats: Dose, treatment and safety consideration. Neuropharmacology 2020; 172:108128. [PMID: 32389751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a novel first-in-class potent analgesic acting as an agonist of multiple opioid receptors, cebranopadol showed high efficacy and good tolerability in a broad range of preclinical models and clinical trials related to pain. In the present study, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cebranopadol as a potential treatment of cocaine dependence, we tested the effects of cebranopadol with single and repeated doses (25, 50, 75, or 100 μg/kg, oral gavage) using rat models of cocaine fixed-ratio (FR) self-administration (SA), cocaine progressive-ratio (PR) SA, and sucrose pellet SA. In single-dosing treatment paradigm, cebranopadol significantly and dose-dependently reduced cocaine SA under FR and PR schedules and suppressed food intake under FR schedule without causing apparent side effects. In repeated-dosing treatment scheme, i.e. daily administration of 25, 50, 75, or 100 μg/kg cebranopadol for a week, the similar reduction in cocaine intake was detected, while non-negligible complications/side effects were observed at repeated high doses (75 and 100 μg/kg). The observed side effects were similar to the common toxic signs elicited by heroin at high doses, although cebranopadol did not fully substitute heroin's discriminative stimulant effects in our drug discriminative tests. These results demonstrated that the most appropriate oral dose of cebranopadol to balance the efficacy and safety is 50 μg/kg. Collectively, although cebranopadol may serve as a new treatment for cocaine dependence, more consideration, cautiousness, and a clear optimal dose window to dissociate its therapeutic effects from opioid side effects/complications in male and female subjects will be necessary to increase its practical clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wei
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Wolter M, Huff AE, Baidoo N, Jardine KH, Pulles Z, Winters BD, Leri F. Modulation of object memory consolidation by heroin and heroin-conditioned stimuli: Role of opioid and noradrenergic systems. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:146-157. [PMID: 32067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is recent evidence that cocaine, nicotine, and their conditioned stimuli have the ability to enhance memory consolidation. The present study compared the effects of post-training heroin and of a heroin contextual conditioned stimulus (CS+) on consolidation of object recognition memory and investigated the roles of opioid and beta-adrenergic receptors in heroin/CS+ memory modulation by co-administering the respective antagonists, naltrexone (NTX) and propranolol (PRO). Three experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrating that immediate, but not delayed, post-sample exposure to heroin (0.3, 1 mg/kg), or exposure (30 min) to a contextual CS+ paired with 1 mg/kg heroin (5 pairings, each 120 min), equally enhanced object memory. Importantly, while the memory enhancing effects of 1 mg/kg heroin and of the contextual CS+ were not altered by post-training co-administration of 3 mg/kg naltrexone, they were blocked by post-training co-administration of 10 mg/kg propranolol. Taken together, these data suggest that a context paired with heroin shares the memory enhancing effect of heroin itself and that these unconditioned and conditioned drug stimuli may modulate memory through the activation of beta-noradrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wolter
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew E Huff
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nana Baidoo
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen H Jardine
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zoey Pulles
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Afzal A, Kiyatkin EA. Interactions of benzodiazepines with heroin: Respiratory depression, temperature effects, and behavior. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107677. [PMID: 31228487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are important therapeutic drugs, but they are often abused and co-abused with opioids. Clinical evidence suggests that benzodiazepines can inhibit respiration, and when combined with the respiratory-depressive effects of opioids, may increase likelihood of death. In this study we used oxygen sensors coupled with high-speed amperometry and multi-site thermorecording to examine how intravenous (iv) midazolam, a potent benzodiazepine, modulates the brain hypoxic and temperature effects of iv heroin in freely-moving rats. Oxygen levels and brain temperature were assessed with high temporal resolution in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an important structure in the motivational-reinforcement circuit. When administered alone, midazolam (2 mg/kg) modestly decreased NAc temperature but had no evident effects on oxygen levels in this structure. In contrast, heroin (0.4 mg/kg) induced a strong decrease in NAc oxygen that was followed by a weaker, rebound-like oxygen increase. Midazolam pretreatment did not affect heroin-induced brain hypoxia but potentiated the initial hypothermia induced by heroin. However, co-administration of these drugs potentiated the heroin-induced oxygen decrease and enhanced heroin-induced brain hypothermia. Co-administration of heroin and midazolam also resulted in enhanced locomotor inhibition and loss of motor control. This effect caused some rats to collapse, resulting in nose and mouth occlusion, which caused a secondary hypoxic phase. These results could have important implications for human drug users, as the combined use of benzodiazepines with potent opioids not only results in sustained brain hypoxia but creates conditions of loss of motor control which could result in asphyxia and death. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'New Vistas in Opioid Pharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Afzal
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eugene A Kiyatkin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Kohut SJ, Bergman J. Lorcaserin decreases the reinforcing effects of heroin, but not food, in rhesus monkeys. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 840:28-32. [PMID: 30268662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies indicate that lorcaserin (Belviq®), an FDA-approved serotonin 2 C receptor agonist, may be a promising medication for the treatment of stimulant addiction. However, few studies have investigated its effects on self-administration of drugs of abuse from other pharmacological classes, including opioids. Here, adult male rhesus macaques (N = 3) responded under a fixed ratio 30 schedule of food (1-g banana-flavored pellets) and IV heroin delivery. Following stable self-administration of a range of heroin doses (0.32-32 μg/kg/inj, IV), the effects of acute pretreatment with lorcaserin (0.32-1.0 mg/kg, IM) on heroin- and food-maintained responding was determined. The ability of repeated treatment with lorcaserin (1.0 mg/kg) to produce sustained decreases in heroin and/or food intake and reinforcing strength were then analyzed using behavioral economic demand procedures. Results show that self-administration of intravenous heroin was dose-dependent, with peak responding maintained, on average, by the unit dose of 3.2 μg/kg/inj. Lorcaserin pretreatment produced a dose-dependent flattening of the dose-response function for heroin self-administration in each subject. On the other hand, lorcaserin did not decrease food-maintained responding. Repeated lorcaserin treatment reduced heroin intake by selectively decreasing its reinforcing strength, as evidenced by a leftward shift in the demand curves for heroin and the absence of comparable changes in the reinforcing strength of food. These results indicate that serotonin 2 C receptor agonists, such as lorcaserin, have behaviorally selective effects on IV self-administration behavior, and deserve further consideration as candidates for the management of opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Kohut
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States.
| | - Jack Bergman
- Preclinical Pharmacology Laboratory, McLean Hospital and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, United States
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Lalanne L, Ayranci G, Filliol D, Gavériaux-Ruff C, Befort K, Kieffer BL, Lutz PE. Kappa opioid receptor antagonism and chronic antidepressant treatment have beneficial activities on social interactions and grooming deficits during heroin abstinence. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1010-1021. [PMID: 27001273 PMCID: PMC5590636 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic brain disorder that progressively invades all aspects of personal life. Accordingly, addiction to opiates severely impairs interpersonal relationships, and the resulting social isolation strongly contributes to the severity and chronicity of the disease. Uncovering new therapeutic strategies that address this aspect of addiction is therefore of great clinical relevance. We recently established a mouse model of heroin addiction in which, following chronic heroin exposure, 'abstinent' mice progressively develop a strong and long-lasting social avoidance phenotype. Here, we explored and compared the efficacy of two pharmacological interventions in this mouse model. Because clinical studies indicate some efficacy of antidepressants on emotional dysfunction associated with addiction, we first used a chronic 4-week treatment with the serotonergic antidepressant fluoxetine, as a reference. In addition, considering prodepressant effects recently associated with kappa opioid receptor signaling, we also investigated the kappa opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). Finally, we assessed whether fluoxetine and norBNI could reverse abstinence-induced social avoidance after it has established. Altogether, our results show that two interspaced norBNI administrations are sufficient both to prevent and to reverse social impairment in heroin abstinent animals. Therefore, kappa opioid receptor antagonism may represent a useful approach to alleviate social dysfunction in addicted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lalanne
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, France
- Département de Psychiatrie I, Hôpital Civil, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Strasbourg, France
| | - G Ayranci
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, France
- Douglas Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - D Filliol
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Faculté de Psychologie, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, France
| | - C Gavériaux-Ruff
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - K Befort
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, UMR 7364, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Faculté de Psychologie, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, France
| | - B L Kieffer
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, France
- Douglas Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Canada
| | - P-E Lutz
- Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics Department, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 7104, Université de Strasbourg, France
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Institute Research Centre, McGill University, Canada
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Hutson LW, Lebonville CL, Jones ME, Fuchs RA, Lysle DT. Interleukin-1 signaling in the basolateral amygdala is necessary for heroin-conditioned immunosuppression. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 62:171-179. [PMID: 28131792 PMCID: PMC5828772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin administration suppresses the production of inducible nitric oxide (NO), as indicated by changes in splenic inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and plasma nitrate/nitrite. Since NO is a measure of host defense against infection and disease, this provides evidence that heroin can increase susceptibility to pathogens by directly interacting with the immune system. Previous research in our laboratory has demonstrated that these immunosuppressive effects of heroin can also be conditioned to environmental stimuli by repeatedly pairing heroin administration with a unique environmental context. Re-exposure to a previously drug-paired context elicits immunosuppressive effects similar to heroin administration alone. In addition, our laboratory has reported that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial nucleus accumbens shell (mNAcS) are critical neural substrates that mediate this conditioned effect. However, our understanding of the contributing mechanisms within these brain regions is limited. It is known that the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in learning and memory. In fact, our laboratory has demonstrated that inhibition of IL-1β expression in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) prior to re-exposure to a heroin-paired context prevents the suppression of measures of NO production. Therefore, the present studies sought to further investigate the role of IL-1 in heroin-conditioned immunosuppression. Blockade of IL-1 signaling in the BLA, but not in the caudate putamen or mNAcS, using IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) attenuated heroin-conditioned immunosuppression of NO production as measured by plasma nitrate/nitrite and iNOS mRNA expression in spleen tissue. Taken together, these findings suggest that IL-1 signaling in the BLA is necessary for the expression of heroin-conditioned immunosuppression of NO production and may be a target for interventions that normalize immune function in heroin users and patient populations exposed to opiate regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee W Hutson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Christina L Lebonville
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meghan E Jones
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rita A Fuchs
- Washington State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Lebonville CL, Jones ME, Hutson LW, Cooper LB, Fuchs RA, Lysle DT. Acquisition of heroin conditioned immunosuppression requires IL-1 signaling in the dorsal hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:325-34. [PMID: 27072068 PMCID: PMC4917416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid users experience increased incidence of infection, which may be partially attributable to both direct opiate-immune interactions and conditioned immune responses. Previous studies have investigated the neural circuitry governing opioid conditioned immune responses, but work remains to elucidate the mechanisms mediating this effect. Our laboratory has previously shown that hippocampal IL-1 signaling, specifically, is required for the expression of heroin conditioned immunosuppression following learning. The current studies were designed to further characterize the role of hippocampal IL-1 in this phenomenon by manipulating IL-1 during learning. Experiment 1 tested whether hippocampal IL-1 is also required for the acquisition of heroin conditioned immunosuppression, while Experiment 2 tested whether hippocampal IL-1 is required for the expression of unconditioned heroin immunosuppression. We found that blocking IL-1 signaling in the dorsal hippocampus with IL-1RA during each conditioning session, but not on interspersed non-conditioning days, significantly attenuated the acquisition of heroin conditioned immunosuppression. Strikingly, we found that the same IL-1RA treatment did not alter unconditioned immunosuppression to a single dose of heroin. Thus, IL-1 signaling is not a critical component of the response to heroin but rather may play a role in the formation of the association between heroin and the context. Collectively, these studies suggest that IL-1 signaling, in addition to being involved in the expression of a heroin conditioned immune response, is also involved in the acquisition of this effect. Importantly, this effect is likely not due to blocking the response to the unconditioned stimulus since IL-1RA did not affect heroin's immunosuppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Lebonville
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Meghan E Jones
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Lee W Hutson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Letty B Cooper
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA
| | - Rita A Fuchs
- Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, PO Box 647620, Pullman, WA 99164-7620, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, CB#3270, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, USA.
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Luo LM, Gong Q, Liu JF, Zhao MQ, Chen DD, Xie YY, Zhu H. [Effect of Heroin on DLG4 Expression in Hippocampus, Amygdala and Frontal Cortex of Rats]. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31:185-199. [PMID: 26442368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of discs large homolog 4 (DLG4) protein in hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex of rats and evaluate postsynaptic density in heroin dependence. METHODS The rat heroin dependent model was established by increasing intraperitoneal injection of heroin. DLG4 proteins in hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex of heroin dependent 9, 18, 36 days rats were detected with immunohistochemical staining and compared with that in the control group. RESULTS DLG4 proteins in hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex were gradually reduced with extension of heroin dependent time. CONCLUSION Heroin dependence can affect postsynaptic density of hippocampus, amygdala and frontal cortex. The changes become more apparent with extension of heroin dependence time.
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Wang PW, Lin HC, Wu HC, Hsu CY, Chung KS, Ko CH, Yen CF. Explicit and implicit heroin-related cognitions and heroin use among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 56:155-60. [PMID: 25263518 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craving is an important issue in substance use disorder. To achieve a better understanding of the cognitive processing systems of craving, the cognitive processes of craving have been considered as two distinct processes. One system, based on rule-based inferences and named explicit cognition, is more conscious and effortful. The other system, based on prior learned association and named implicit cognition, is unconscious and effortless. How explicit and implicit cognitions are associated with heroin use in patients with methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is not clear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between explicit and implicit cognition and heroin use in patients undergoing MMT. METHOD This study recruited one-hundred forty intravenous heroin users. The participants were invited to provide social-demographic data, the severity of substance dependence and explicit cognition with regard to heroin. Then, participants completed a computerized test to assess implicit cognition with regards to heroin. RESULTS This study found that explicit and implicit heroin-related cognitions were associated with the frequency of heroin use. There was an interaction effect between implicit and explicit cognition on the frequency of heroin use. This study also found that higher explicit heroin-related cognition was a risk factor for continuing heroin use. CONCLUSION Both explicit and implicit cognitions were associated with the frequency of heroin use in patients undergoing MMT, but only explicit cognition was associated with whether patients could stop using heroin during MMT. Therefore, the status of heroin use in patients undergoing MMT may be related to different cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Wu
- Departments of Addiction Science, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hsu
- Departments of Addiction Science, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Sheng Chung
- Departments of Addiction Science, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Zhu ZM, Hua TM, Zhou HM, Pan QW, Li J, Li M. [A wireless telemetry study on the electrical activity in nucleus accumbens of heroin-induced place preference rats]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2014; 30:368-372. [PMID: 25330679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the electrical activity property changes in nucleus accumbens (NAc) of heroin-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) rats during different stages of heroin dependence and to explore NAc's roles in the formation of drug dependence. METHODS Recording electrodes were bilaterally embedded into the NAcs of rats with the aid of stereotaxic apparatus, followed by establishment of heroin-dependent rat model. The NAc electrical activity during 3 different stages of heroin dependence, including heroin pre-exposure, immediate post-exposure and heroin withdrawal, were respectively recorded using EEG wireless telemetry techniques. The frequency distribution (ranging from 0.5 to 30 Hz) and the amplitude of NAc electrical activity were analyzed and measured. RESULTS Heroin-dependent rat models were successfully established and their withdrawal symptoms were evident. All rats showed a conditioned place preference (CPP) for the white box after 5-10 days of heroin-exposure, and displayed a maximum withdrawal symptoms on 2d after heroin- withdrawal. During all statges of heroin-dependence, the NAc electrical activity contained the highest proportion of delta rhythm and the lowest proportion of alpha2 rhythm. The discharge frequence band was similar across different stages. There was a significantly increased ratio of low-frequency discharges (delta rhythm) and decreased ratio of high-frequency discharges (beta rhythm) in NAc of rats during the immediate post- heroin exposure stage when compared with that during pre-exposure and heroin withdrawal stages. During the withdrawal stage, the ratio of at rhythm was significantly lower than during pre- and post-heroin exposure stages (P < 0.01). Further, the mean discharge amplitude in NAcs during immediate post-exposure and withdrawal stages was significantly increased relative to pre-exposure stage. However, the mean discharge amplitude during heroin withdrawal stage was significantly lower than during immediate post-exposure stage. CONCLUSION The electrical activity properties in rat NAcs showed a significant change during different stages of heroin-dependence, which suggested that neuronal activities in NAcs might contribute to the modulation of drug-dependence.
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Jaremko KM, Thompson NL, Reyes BAS, Jin J, Ebersole B, Jenney CB, Grigson PS, Levenson R, Berrettini WH, Van Bockstaele EJ. Morphine-induced trafficking of a mu-opioid receptor interacting protein in rat locus coeruleus neurons. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 50:53-65. [PMID: 24333843 PMCID: PMC3928604 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Opiate addiction is a devastating health problem, with approximately 2million people currently addicted to heroin or non-medical prescription opiates in the United States alone. In neurons, adaptations in cell signaling cascades develop following opioid actions at the mu opioid receptor (MOR). A novel putative target for intervention involves interacting proteins that may regulate trafficking of MOR. Morphine has been shown to induce a re-distribution of a MOR-interacting protein Wntless (WLS, a transport molecule necessary for secretion of neurotrophic Wnt proteins), from cytoplasmic to membrane compartments in rat striatal neurons. Given its opiate-sensitivity and its well-characterized molecular and cellular adaptations to morphine exposure, we investigated the anatomical distribution of WLS and MOR in the rat locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system. Dual immunofluorescence microscopy was used to test the hypothesis that WLS is localized to noradrenergic neurons of the LC and that WLS and MOR co-exist in common LC somatodendritic processes, providing an anatomical substrate for their putative interactions. We also hypothesized that morphine would influence WLS distribution in the LC. Rats received saline, morphine or the opiate agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), and tissue sections through the LC were processed for immunogold-silver detection of WLS and MOR. Statistical analysis showed a significant re-distribution of WLS to the plasma membrane following morphine treatment in addition to an increase in the proximity of gold-silver labels for MOR and WLS. Following DAMGO treatment, MOR and WLS were predominantly localized within the cytoplasmic compartment when compared to morphine and control. In a separate cohort of rats, brains were obtained from saline-treated or heroin self-administering male rats for pulldown co-immunoprecipitation studies. Results showed an increased association of WLS and MOR following heroin exposure. As the LC-NE system is important for cognition as well as decisions underlying substance abuse, adaptations in WLS trafficking and expression may play a role in modulating MOR function in the LC and contribute to the negative sequelae of opiate exposure on executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie M Jaremko
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Nicholas L Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
| | - Beverly A S Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States.
| | - Jay Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Brittany Ebersole
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Christopher B Jenney
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Patricia S Grigson
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Robert Levenson
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Wade H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, United States
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Turner PV, Sunohara-Neilson J, Ovari J, Healy A, Leri F. Effects of single compared with pair housing on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and low-dose heroin place conditioning in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 2014; 53:161-167. [PMID: 24602542 PMCID: PMC3966272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Whether social isolation of adult rats under standard laboratory conditions produces significant long-term alterations in behavior and physiology is unclear. In the present study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were singly or paired-housed for 10 wk. During this period, they were tested for acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of heroin (0.3 mg/kg)-conditioned place preference. Fecal corticoid metabolite levels were analyzed several times throughout the period of housing, and food consumption and body weight were monitored. During place conditioning, heroin induced a significant increase in locomotor activity in both singly and pair housed rats, and the resulting place preference was similar in both groups. However, singly housed rats showed increased motor reactivity to heroin on reconditioning after extinction and displayed significant reacquisition of conditioned place preference, compared with pair-housed animals. Over the 10-wk period of the study, there were no differences in body weight or food consumption between groups. Mild significant increases in relative adrenal gland weight and decreases in relative brain weight were noted in singly housed animals compared with those paired. Significant decreases in nocturnal fecal corticoid metabolite output were noted in both groups, with loss of circadian variation in fecal corticoid levels over the course of the study. These data suggest that male Sprague-Dawley rats, irrespective of single or pair housing, develop reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity over time under standard laboratory housing conditions. Single housing can enhance both this effect and sensitivity to the stimulatory and rewarding actions of heroin after withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Turner
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | - Jelena Ovari
- Departments of Pathobiology, Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Healy
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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