1
|
Zhou M, Lin B, Wu P, Ke Y, Huang S, Zhang F, Hei X, Mao Z, Li X, Wan P, Chen T, Yang H, Huang D. SOX9 Induces Orbital Fibroblast Activation in Thyroid Eye Disease Via MAPK/ERK1/2 Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:25. [PMID: 38345552 PMCID: PMC10866156 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the expression of sry-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) of thyroid eye disease (TED) and to find its potential role and underlying mechanism in orbital fibrosis. Methods OFs were cultured from orbital connective tissues obtained from patients with TED (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 6). SOX9 was depleted by small interfering RNA or overexpressed through lentivirus transduction in OFs. Fibroblast contractile activity was measured by collagen gel contraction assay and proliferation was examined by EdU assay. Transcriptomic changes were assessed by RNA sequencing. Results The mRNA and protein levels of SOX9 were significantly higher in OFs cultured from patients with TED than those from healthy controls. Extracellular matrix-related genes were down-regulated by SOX9 knockdown and up-regulated by SOX9 overexpression in TED-OFs. SOX9 knockdown significantly decrease the contraction and the antiapoptotic ability of OFs, whereas the overexpression of SOX9 increased the ability of transformation, migration, and proliferation of OFs. SOX9 knockdown suppressed the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2, whereas its overexpression showed the opposite effect. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the notably down-regulated genes screened out by RNA sequencing. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR demonstrated SOX9 binding to the EGFR promoter. Conclusions A high expression of SOX9 was found in TED-OFs. SOX9 can activate OFs via MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which in turn promotes proliferation and differentiation of OFs. EGFR was a downstream target gene of SOX9. SOX9/EGFR can be considered as therapeutic targets for the treatment of orbital fibrosis in TED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bingying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pengsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiangqing Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pengxia Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Byeon HJ, Chae MK, Ko J, Lee EJ, Kikkawa DO, Jang SY, Yoon JS. The Role of Adipsin, Complement Factor D, in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:13. [PMID: 37555734 PMCID: PMC10424154 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an orbital manifestation of autoimmune Graves' disease, and orbital fibroblast is considered a target cell, producing pro-inflammatory cytokines and/or differentiating into adipocytes. Adipose tissue has been focused on as an endocrine and inflammatory organ secreting adipokines. We investigated the pathogenic role of a specific adipokine, adipsin, known as complement factor D in Graves' orbital fibroblasts. Methods The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of multiple adipokines was investigated in adipose tissues harvested from GO and healthy subjects. Adipsin protein production was analyzed in primary cultured orbital fibroblasts under insulin growth factor (IGF)-1, CD40 ligand (CD40L) stimulation, and adipogenesis. The effect of blocking adipsin with small interfering RNA (siRNA) on pro-inflammatory cytokine production and adipogenesis was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Adipogenic differentiation was identified using Oil Red O staining. Results Adipsin gene expression was significantly elevated in GO tissue and increased after the stimulation of IGF-1 and CD40L, as well as adipocyte differentiation in GO cells. Silencing of adipsin suppressed IGF-1-induced IL-6, IL-8, COX2, ICAM-1, CCL2 gene expression, and IL-6 protein secretion. Adipsin suppression also attenuated adipocyte differentiation. Exogenous treatment of recombinant adipsin resulted in the activation of the Akt, ERK, p-38, and JNK signaling pathways. Conclusions Adipsin, secreted by orbital fibroblasts, may play a distinct role in the pathogenesis of GO. Inhibition of adipsin ameliorated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts. Our study provides an in vitro basis suggesting adipsin as a potential therapeutic target for GO treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Ju Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JaeSang Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don O. Kikkawa
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Sun Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hei X, Lin B, Wu P, Li X, Mao Z, Huang S, Zhang F, Zhou M, Ke Y, Yang H, Huang D. Lutein targeting orbital fibroblasts attenuates fibrotic and inflammatory effects in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Exp Eye Res 2023; 232:109515. [PMID: 37207866 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lutein (LU) is a carotenoid that has recently been implicated in multiple roles in fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is particularly relevant to these pathological changes. We thus aim to probe the potential therapeutic effects of TAO in an in vitro model. We used LU pre-treating OFs derived from patients with TAO or not, then treated with TGF-β1(or IL-1β)to induce fibrosis (or inflammation). We analyzed the different expressions of related genes and proteins, and the molecular mechanism pathway on TAO OFs was screened by RNA sequencing, which is identified in vitro. We found that LU attenuates fibrotic and inflammatory effects in TAO. LU inhibited ACTA2, COL1A1, FN1, and CTGF mRNA expression and suppressed α-SMA, and FN1 protein expression induced by TGF-β1. Besides, LU suppressed OFs migration. Besides, it is shown that LU suppressed inflammation-related genes, such as IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, and MCP-1. Moreover, LU inhibited oxidative stress induced by IL-1β, which is analyzed by DHE fluorescent probe staining. RNA sequencing suggested ERK/AP-1 pathway may be the molecular mechanism of LU protective effect on TAO, which is identified by RT-qPCR and western-blot. In summary, this study provides the first evidence that LU significantly attenuates the pathogenic manifestations of TAO by inhibiting the expression of fibrotic and inflammation-related genes and ROS produced by OFs. These data suggested that LU may be a potential medicine for TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqing Hei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengsen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Danping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Görtz GE, Philipp S, Bruderek K, Jesenek C, Horstmann M, Henning Y, Oeverhaus M, Daser A, Bechrakis NE, Eckstein A, Brandau S, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. Macrophage-Orbital Fibroblast Interaction and Hypoxia Promote Inflammation and Adipogenesis in Graves' Orbitopathy. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6881427. [PMID: 36477465 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory eye disease Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the main complication of autoimmune Graves' disease. In previous studies we have shown that hypoxia plays an important role for progression of GO. Hypoxia can maintain inflammation by attracting inflammatory cells such as macrophages (MQ). Herein, we investigated the interaction of MQ and orbital fibroblasts (OF) in context of inflammation and hypoxia. We detected elevated levels of the hypoxia marker HIF-1α, the MQ marker CD68, and inflammatory cytokines TNFα, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 in GO biopsies. Hypoxia stimulated GO tissues to release TNFα, CCL2, and CCL20 as measured by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, TNFα and hypoxia stimulated the expression of HIF-1α, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 in OF derived from GO tissues. Immunofluorescence confirmed that TNFα-positive MQ were present in the GO tissues. Thus, interaction of M1-MQ with OF under hypoxia also induced HIF-1α, CCL2, and CCL20 in OF. Inflammatory inhibitors etanercept or dexamethasone prevented the induction of HIF-1α and release of CCL2 and CCL20. Moreover, co-culture of M1-MQ/OF under hypoxia enhanced adipogenic differentiation and adiponectin secretion. Dexamethasone and HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 reduced this effect. Our findings indicate that GO fat tissues are characterized by an inflammatory and hypoxic milieu where TNFα-positive MQ are present. Hypoxia and interaction of M1-MQ with OF led to enhanced secretion of chemokines, elevated hypoxic signaling, and adipogenesis. In consequence, M1-MQ/OF interaction results in constant inflammation and tissue remodeling. A combination of anti-inflammatory treatment and HIF-1α reduction could be an effective treatment option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina-Eva Görtz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Ophthalmology Group, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Philipp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Ophthalmology Group, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bruderek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jesenek
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mareike Horstmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Ophthalmology Group, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Oeverhaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Ophthalmology Group, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Daser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Ophthalmology Group, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Ophthalmology Group, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Brandau
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Molecular Ophthalmology Group, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Proctor ES, Smith TJ. Bone marrow fibrocytes: villain or white knight in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:441-448. [PMID: 35950703 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We attempt to provide an historical perspective on progress made in understanding the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), focusing on the roles of orbital fibroblasts (OF) in the diseased orbit (termed GD-OF) and how these cells differ from those residing in the healthy orbit. GD-OF comprise both residential OF and those apparently derived from CD34 + fibrocytes. RECENT FINDINGS CD34 + fibrocytes of the monocyte lineage putatively traffic to the TAO orbit from bone marrow. We believe that these fibroblastic cell populations dictate the activity and severity of TAO. Their impact on disease may be moderated by Slit2, a neuron axon guidance repellent synthesized by and released from residential CD34 - OF. Approximately 50% of patients with GD develop clinically meaningful TAO. Relatively few require systemic medical and surgical therapies, while milder disease can be managed with conservative, local care. Determining the intrinsic properties of GD-OF and their expression of Slit2 may explain why some patients with GD develop severe, vision-threatening TAO while others virtually escape any of its manifestations. Such insights should allow for improved and better-tolerated therapies. SUMMARY Identifying unique characteristics of fibrocytes and GD-OF subsets reveals their apparent roles in tissue activation, inflammation, and remodeling associated with TAO. Better understanding of these cells, their origins, behavior, and factors modulating their activities remains necessary for the development of more targeted, effective, and safe treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S Proctor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fernando R, Smith TJ. Teprotumumab Divergently Alters Fibrocyte Gene Expression: Implications for Thyroid-associated Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e4037-e4047. [PMID: 35809263 PMCID: PMC9516078 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Teprotumumab, an IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) inhibitor, is effective in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). The drug can modulate induction by TSH of IL-6 and IL-8 in CD34+ fibrocytes and their putative derivatives, CD34+ orbital fibroblasts (CD34+ OF). Fibrocytes express multiple thyroid autoantigens and cytokines implicated in TAO, which are downregulated by Slit2. Inflammation and disordered hyaluronan (HA) accumulation occur in TAO. Whether teprotumumab alters these processes directly in fibrocytes/CD34+ OF remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE Determine teprotumumab effects on expression/synthesis of several TAO-relevant molecules in fibrocytes and GD-OF. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Patients with TAO and healthy donors were recruited from an academic endocrine and oculoplastic practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Real-time PCR, specific immunoassays. RESULTS Teprotumumab attenuates basal and TSH-inducible autoimmune regulator protein, thyroglobulin, sodium iodide symporter, thyroperoxidase, IL-10, and B-cell activating factor levels in fibrocytes. It downregulates IL-23p19 expression/induction while enhancing IL-12p35, intracellular and secreted IL-1 receptor antagonists, and Slit2. These effects are mirrored by linsitinib. HA production is marginally enhanced by teprotumumab, the consequence of enhanced HAS2 expression. CONCLUSION Teprotumumab affects specific gene expression in fibrocytes and GD-OF in a target-specific, nonmonolithic manner, whereas IGF-IR control of these cells appears complex. The current results suggest that the drug may act on cytokine expression and HA production systemically and locally, within the TAO orbit. These findings extend our insights into the mechanisms through which IGF-IR inhibition might elicit clinical responses in TAO, including a potential role of Slit2 in attenuating inflammation and tissue remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Fernando
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Terry J Smith
- Correspondence: Terry J. Smith, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall St, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma R, Gan L, Guo J, Peng Z, Wu J, Harrison AR, Qian J. Insights Into Ferroptosis: Targeting Glycolysis to Treat Graves' Orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1994-2003. [PMID: 35303084 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oxidative stress plays an indispensable role in pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death resulting from lipid peroxidation. Little is known about the role of ferroptosis in GO. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the divergent role of ferroptosis in the GO and control orbital fibroblasts (OFs). METHODS Orbital fat/connective tissues and serum immunoglobulins (Igs) were collected from GO and control subjects. Cell viability and lipid peroxidation were measured to evaluate ferroptosis sensitivity. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) level and oxygen consumption rate were quantified to assess glycolysis status. RESULTS Primary OFs were cultured from orbital tissues. Ferroptosis was induced by cystine deprivation and/or erastin treatment. The GO OFs possessed stronger resistance to ferroptosis than the control OFs. Selenium, a potential ferroptosis inhibitor, protected the control OFs from ferroptosis. Both transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicated glycolytic shift in the GO OFs. Metabolic profiling, PDK2 quantification, and oxygen consumption assay confirmed enhanced glycolysis in the GO OFs. Inhibition of glycolysis by PDK2 knockdown and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) promoted ferroptosis sensitivity in the GO OFs. The ferroptosis-sensitizing effects of DCA were also observed when the GO OFs were treated with GO-Igs. IGF1R overexpression in the GO OFs contributed to glycolysis shift. IGF1R inhibitory antibodies facilitated ferroptosis induction in the GO OFs, but the effects were less remarkable under GO-Igs treatment. CONCLUSION These study findings establish that glycolysis facilitates ferroptosis resistance in the GO OFs, providing insights into the therapeutic role of glycolysis for GO treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhiyu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
- Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Andrew R Harrison
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fudan Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Floris G, Gillespie A, Zanda MT, Dabrowski KR, Sillivan SE. Heroin Regulates Orbitofrontal Circular RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1453. [PMID: 35163373 PMCID: PMC8836038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of drug overdose deaths involving opioids continues to rise in the United States. Many patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) that seek treatment still experience relapse. Perseverant opioid seeking behaviors represent a major challenge to treating OUD and additional therapeutic development will require insight into opioid-induced neurobiological adaptations. In this study, we explored the regulation of a novel class of RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), by the addictive opioid heroin in the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region that mediates behavioral responses to rewarding stimuli. Microarray analysis identified 76 OFC circRNAs significantly regulated in male rats after heroin self-administration. We evaluated the specificity of these findings by measuring heroin-associated circRNA expression in female rats after heroin self-administration and in rats that self-administered sucrose. We identify circGrin2b, circUbe2cp, circAnks1a, circAdcy5 and circSlc24A2 as heroin-responsive circRNAs in the OFC. Linear mRNA levels of heroin-associated circRNAs were unchanged except for Grin2b and Adcy5. An integrated bioinformatics analysis of regulated circRNAs identified microRNAs predicted to bind heroin-associated circRNAs and downstream targets of circRNA: microRNA sponging. Thus, heroin regulates the expression of OFC RNA splice variants that circularize and may impact cellular processes that contribute to the neurobiological adaptations that arise from chronic heroin exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Floris
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary Tresa Zanda
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Konrad R. Dabrowski
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Stephanie E. Sillivan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang N, Hou SY, Qi X, Deng M, Cao JM, Tong BD, Xiong W. LncRNA LPAL2/miR-1287-5p/EGFR Axis Modulates TED-Derived Orbital Fibroblast Activation Through Cell Adhesion Factors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2866-e2886. [PMID: 33877318 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The activation of orbital fibroblasts, the prime targets in thyroid eye disease (TED), is central to its underlying pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the mechanism of TED orbital fibroblast activation from the perspective of noncoding RNA regulation. METHODS Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was applied to evaluate the fibrotic changes in target cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by 5-ethoxy 2-deoxyuridine and colony-formation assays. Collagen I concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Human microarray analysis was performed on 3 TED and 3 healthy control orbital tissue samples. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that cell adhesion signaling factors were differentially expressed in TED tissues, including intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-4, vascular cell adhesion molecule, and CD44, which were all upregulated in diseased orbital tissues. Long noncoding RNA LPAL2 level was also upregulated in orbital tissues and positively correlated with ICAM-1 and ICAM-4 expression. Stimulation of the TED orbital fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) significantly increased the expression of ICAM-1, ICAM-4, and LPAL2. Knockdown of LPAL2 in orbital fibroblasts inhibited TGF-β1-induced increases in cell adhesion factor levels and orbital fibroblast activation. Microarray profiling was performed on TED and normal orbital tissues to identify differentially expressed microRNAs, and miR-1287-5p was remarkably reduced within diseased orbital samples. miR-1287-5p was directly bound to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) 3' untranslated region and LPAL2, and LPAL2 modulated EGFR/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling through targeting miR-1287-5p. CONCLUSION The LPAL2/miR-1287-5p axis modulated TGF-β1-induced increases in cell adhesion factor levels and TED orbital fibroblast activation through EGFR/AKT signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Shi-Ying Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Jia-Min Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Bo-Ding Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan,China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rotondo Dottore G, Bucci I, Lanzolla G, Dallan I, Sframeli A, Torregrossa L, Casini G, Basolo F, Figus M, Nardi M, Marcocci C, Marinò M. Genetic Profiling of Orbital Fibroblasts from Patients with Graves' Orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2176-e2190. [PMID: 33484567 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that persists when immunosuppression is achieved. Orbital fibroblasts from GO patients display peculiar phenotypes even if not exposed to autoimmunity, possibly reflecting genetic or epigenetic mechanisms, which we investigated here. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore potential genetic or epigenetic differences using primary cultures of orbital fibroblasts from GO and control patients. METHODS Cell proliferation, hyaluronic acid (HA) secretion, and HA synthases (HAS) were measured. Next-generation sequencing and gene expression analysis of the whole genome were performed, as well as real-time-PCR of selected genes and global DNA methylation assay on orbital fibroblasts from 6 patients with GO and 6 control patients from a referral center. RESULTS Cell proliferation was higher in GO than in control fibroblasts. Likewise, HA in the cell medium was higher in GO fibroblasts. HAS-1 and HAS-2 did not differ between GO and control fibroblasts, whereas HAS-3 was more expressed in GO fibroblasts. No relevant gene variants were detected by whole-genome sequencing. However, 58 genes were found to be differentially expressed in GO compared with control fibroblasts, and RT-PCR confirmed the findings in 10 selected genes. We postulated that the differential gene expression was related to an epigenetic mechanism, reflecting diverse DNA methylation, which we therefore measured. In support of our hypothesis, global DNA methylation was significantly higher in GO fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS We propose that, following an autoimmune insult, DNA methylation elicits differential gene expression and sustains the maintenance of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rotondo Dottore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Lanzolla
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Iacopo Dallan
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, ENT Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angela Sframeli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Pathology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giamberto Casini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Pathology Unit, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Figus
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nardi
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Ophthalmopathy Unit I, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Unit II, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim SE, Kim J, Lee JY, Lee SB, Paik JS, Yang SW. Octreotide inhibits secretion of IGF-1 from orbital fibroblasts in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249988. [PMID: 33886620 PMCID: PMC8062018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the effect of octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin (SST) analogue, on IGF-1 secretion and its possible mechanism of action in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) from patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). MATERIALS AND METHODS OFs were isolated from the orbital fat of patients with TAO or healthy individuals. The expression level of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, at the protein and mRNA level, was determined with ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The expression pattern of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 2, which has the highest affinity for octreotide, was examined by flow cytometry. The activity of NF-κB pathway was determined by examining the levels of phosphorylation of IKKα/β and p65, and degradation of IκB via western blot analysis, and by measuring the activity of NF-kB-dependent luciferase via transfection with plasmids containing luciferase and NF-κB binding site. RESULTS OFs from patients with TAO showed significantly higher levels of IGF-1 secretion and NF-κB activity even in the absence of stimulation, compared to those from controls. Treatment with octreotide reduced the level of IGF-1 secretion in OFs from patients with TAO, but not in OFs from controls. OFs from patients with TAO expressed higher levels of SSTR2 on the cell surface, compared to controls. In addition, the expression of IGF-1 at the protein and mRNA level was dependent on the activity of NF-κB pathway in OFs from patients with TAO. Furthermore, treatment with octreotide reduced on the activity of NF-κB pathway in OFs from patients with TAO. CONCLUSION OFs from patients with TAO showed significantly higher levels of IGF-1 secretion via up-regulation of NF-κB activity. Treatment with octreotide inhibited the secretion of IGF-1 by reducing the NF-κB pathway in OFs, which expressed higher levels of SSRT2 on the cell surface, from patients with TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jia Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Beom Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SY); (JP)
| | - Suk-Woo Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (SY); (JP)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fernando R, Smith TJ. Slit2 Regulates Hyaluronan & Cytokine Synthesis in Fibrocytes: Potential Relevance to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e20-e33. [PMID: 32968816 PMCID: PMC7765649 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT CD34+ fibrocytes have been implicated in development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), a consequential autoimmune manifestation of Graves disease (GD). In TAO, CD34+ fibrocytes appear to masquerade as CD34+ orbital fibroblasts mixed with CD34- OF (collectively, GD-OF). Slit2, an axon guidance glycoprotein, is expressed by CD34- OF and attenuates GD-OF gene expression. Cardinal features of TAO include hyaluronan (HA) accumulation and cytokine-driven inflammation. OBJECTIVE Compare expression of HA synthase isoenzymes (HAS1-3), UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH), synthesis of HA, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in fibrocytes and GD-OF. Determine whether Slit2 alters gene expression patterns. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Patients with TAO and healthy donors were recruited from an academic practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Real-time polymerase chain reaction, HA, IL-6, and TNF-α immunoassays. RESULTS HA synthesis and release from fibrocytes is substantially lower than in GD-OF. HAS1 expression dominates in fibrocytes while HAS2 in GD-OF. In contrast, HAS2 and UGDH expression dominate GD-OF and localize to CD34- OF. Recombinant human Slit2 (rhSlit2) substantially upregulates HA synthesis and HAS2 expression in fibrocytes but attenuates IL-6 and TNF-α production in these cells. In contrast, knocking down Slit2 in GD-OF reduces HA synthesis and HAS2 and UGDH expression while upregulating IL-6 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION The dramatic differences in HA, IL-6, and TNF-α production, and HAS and UGDH expression found in fibrocytes and GD-OF appear, at least in part, to be attributable to Slit2. These findings provide novel insight into the differences in gene expression exhibited by CD34+ fibrocytes and CD34+ OF and therefore reveal important aspects of disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Fernando
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Elia G, Ragusa F, Paparo SR, Patrizio A, Camastra S, Miccoli M, Cavallini G, Benvenga S, Antonelli A. Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:654473. [PMID: 33935970 PMCID: PMC8085526 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.654473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, which is characterized by circulating TSH-receptor (TSH-R) stimulating antibodies (TSAb), leading to hyperthyroidism. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is one of GD extra-thyroidal manifestations associated with the presence of TSAb, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autoantibodies, that interact with orbital fibroblasts. Cytokines are elevated in autoimmune (i.e., IL-18, IL-6) and non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism (i.e., TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6), and this could be associated with the chronic effects of thyroid hormone increase. A prevalent Th1-immune response (not related to the hyperthyroidism per se, but to the autoimmune process) is reported in the immune-pathogenesis of GD and GO; Th1-chemokines (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) and the (C-X-C)R3 receptor are crucial in this process. In patients with active GO, corticosteroids, or intravenous immunoglobulins, decrease inflammation and orbital congestion, and are considered first-line therapies. The more deepened understanding of GO pathophysiology has led to different immune-modulant treatments. Cytokines, TSH-R, and IGF-1R (on the surface of B and T lymphocytes, and fibroblasts), and chemokines implicated in the autoimmune process, are possible targets of novel therapies. Drugs that target cytokines (etanercept, tocilizumab, infliximab, adalimumab) have been tested in GO, with encouraging results. The chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, RTX, reduces B lymphocytes, cytokines and the released autoantibodies. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial has investigated the human monoclonal blocking antibody directed against IGF-1R, teprotumumab, reporting its effectiveness in GO. In conclusion, large, controlled and randomized studies are needed to evaluate new possible targeted therapies for GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Giusy Elia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Armando Patrizio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Camastra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cavallini
- Department of Translational Research of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women’s Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women’s Endocrine Health, University Hospital, A.O.U. Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vincent A, Natarajan V, Khetan V, Krishnakumar S, Parameswaran S. Heterozygous retinoblastoma gene mutation compromises in vitro osteogenesis of adipose mesenchymal stem cells - a temporal gene expression study. Exp Cell Res 2020; 396:112263. [PMID: 32890459 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a bone malignancy affecting children and adolescents. Retinoblastoma (RB) patients with germline RB1 mutations are susceptible to osteosarcoma in the second decade of their life. Several studies, particularly in mice, have revealed a role for RB1 in osteogenesis. Since, there is species specific difference attributed in retinoblastoma tumorigenesis between mice and human, we assumed, it is worthwhile exploring the role of RB1 in osteogenesis and thus onset of osteosarcoma. In this study, we analyzed the temporal gene expression of the osteogenic markers, tumor suppressor genes and hormone receptors associated with growth spurt during in vitro osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from orbital adipose tissue of germline RB patients and compared it with those with wild type RB1 gene. Mesenchymal stem cells with the heterozygous RB1 mutation showed reduced expression of RB1 and other tumor suppressor genes and showed deregulation of osteogenic markers which could be an initial step for the onset of osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Vincent
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed-to-be University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Vikas Khetan
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Sowmya Parameswaran
- Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Kamalnayan Bajaj Institute for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Guo Y, Li H, Chen X, Yang H, Guan H, He X, Chen Y, Pokharel S, Xiao H, Li Y. Novel Roles of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in Graves' Orbitopathy Therapy by Targeting Orbital Fibroblasts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5813893. [PMID: 32249902 PMCID: PMC7183395 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Graves' orbitopathy (GO) causes infiltrative exophthalmos by inducing excessive proliferation, adipogenesis, and glycosaminoglycan production in orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Interference with OF autophagy is a potential therapy for proptosis. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), the autophagy inhibitors commonly used in clinical practice, on OFs. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS OFs isolated from patients with GO (GO-OFs) or control individuals (non-GO-OFs) were cultured in proliferation medium (PM) or subjected to differentiation medium. OFs were treated with CQ or HCQ (0, 0.5, 2, and 10 μM), and subsequently examined in vitro. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CCK-8, EdU incorporation, and flow cytometry assays were used to assess cellular viability. Adipogenesis was assessed with Western blot analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) , and Oil Red O staining. Hyaluronan production was determined by real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Autophagy flux was detected through red fluorescent protein (RFP)-green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 fluorescence staining and Western blot analyses. RESULTS CQ/HCQ halted proliferation and adipogenesis in GO-OFs in a concentration-dependent manner through blockage of autophagy, phenotypes that were not detected in non-GO-OFs. The inhibitory effect of CQ/HCQ on hyaluronan secretion of GO-OFs was also concentration dependent, mediated by downregulation of hyaluronan synthase 2 rather than hyaluronidases. Moreover, CQ (10 μM) induced GO-OF apoptosis without aggravating oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The antimalarials CQ/HCQ affect proliferation, adipogenesis, and hyaluronan generation in GO-OFs by inhibiting autophagy, providing evidence that they can be used to treat GO as autophagy inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sunil Pokharel
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Yanbing Li, M.D., Ph.D., 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernando R, Atkins SJ, Smith TJ. Slit2 May Underlie Divergent Induction by Thyrotropin of IL-23 and IL-12 in Human Fibrocytes. J Immunol 2020; 204:1724-1735. [PMID: 32086386 PMCID: PMC7365299 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 and IL-12, two structurally related heterodimeric cytokines sharing a common subunit, divergently promote Th cell development and expansion. Both cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), an autoimmune component of Graves disease. In TAO, CD34+ fibrocytes, putatively derived from bone marrow, can be identified in the orbit. There they masquerade as CD34+ orbital fibroblasts (OF) (CD34+ OF) and cohabitate with CD34- OF in a mixed fibroblast population (GD-OF). Slit2, a neural axon repellent, is expressed and released by CD34- OF and dampens the inflammatory phenotype of fibrocytes and CD34+ OF. In this study we report that thyrotropin (TSH) and the pathogenic, GD-specific monoclonal autoantibody, M22, robustly induce IL-23 in human fibrocytes; however, IL-12 expression is essentially undetectable in these cells under basal conditions or following TSH-stimulation. In contrast, IL-12 is considerably more inducible in GD-OF, cells failing to express IL-23. This divergent expression and induction of cytokines appears to result from cell type-specific regulation of both gene transcription and mRNA stabilities. It appears that the JNK pathway activity divergently attenuates IL-23p19 expression while enhancing that of IL-12p35. The shift from IL-23p19 expression in fibrocytes to that of IL-12p35 in their derivative CD34+ OF results from the actions of Slit2. Thus, Slit2 might represent a molecular determinant of balance between IL-23 and IL-12 expression, potentially governing immune responses in TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Fernando
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and
| | - Stephen J Atkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and
| | - Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hai YP, Lee ACH, Frommer L, Diana T, Kahaly GJ. Immunohistochemical analysis of human orbital tissue in Graves' orbitopathy. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:123-137. [PMID: 31538314 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-01116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunohistochemistry of orbital tissues offers a correlation between the microscopic changes and macroscopic clinical manifestation of Graves' orbitopathy (GO). Summarizing the participation of different molecules will help us to understand the pathogenesis of GO. METHODS The pertinent and current literature on immunohistochemistry of human orbital tissue in GO was reviewed using the NCBI PubMed database. RESULTS 33 articles comprising over 700 orbital tissue samples were included in this review. The earliest findings included the demonstration of HLA-DR and T cell (to a lesser extent B cell) markers in GO orbital tissues. Subsequent investigators further contributed by characterizing cellular infiltration, confirming the presence of HLA-DR and TSHR, as well as revealing the participation of cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules and miscellaneous substances. HLA-DR and TSHR are over-expressed in orbital tissues of GO patients. The inflammatory infiltration mainly comprises CD4 + T cells and macrophages. Cytokine profile suggests the importance of Th1 (especially in early active phase) and Th17 immunity in the pathogenesis of GO. Upregulation of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines, adhesion molecules and growth factors finally culminate in activation of orbital fibroblasts and perpetuation of orbital inflammation. The molecular status of selected parameters correlates with the clinical presentation of GO. CONCLUSION Further investigation is warranted to define precisely the role of different molecules and ongoing search for new players yet to be discovered is also important. Unfolding the molecular mechanisms behind GO will hopefully provide insights into the development of novel therapeutic strategies and optimize our clinical management of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Hai
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - A C H Lee
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Frommer
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Diana
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - G J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstreet 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jang SY, Chae MK, Lee JH, Lee EJ, Yoon JS. MicroRNA-27 inhibits adipogenic differentiation in orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves' orbitopathy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221077. [PMID: 31415657 PMCID: PMC6695164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-27a and miR-27b in adipogenesis in an in vitro model of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). Methods Orbital fat tissues were harvested from GO and non-GO participants for primary orbital fibroblast cultures. The expression levels of miR-27a and miR-27b between GO and non-GO orbital fat tissues were compared. During adipogenesis of GO orbital fibroblasts, the expression levels of miR-27a and miR-27b were determined, and the effects of mimics of miR-27a and miR-27b transfection on adipogenesis of GO orbital fibroblast were investigated. Results Real time-polymerase chain reaction showed significantly more decreases in miR-27a and miR-27b levels in orbital fat tissues in GO participants than in non-GO participants (p < 0.05). The expression of both miR-27a and miR-27b was highest in orbital fibroblasts at day 0 and declined gradually after the induction of adipogenic differentiation. The expression levels of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α and C/EBPβ were decreased and Oil Red O-stained lipid droplets were lower in GO orbital fibroblasts transfected with miR-27a and miR-27b mimics than in negative controls. Conclusions Our results indicated that miR-27a and miR-27b inhibited adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts from GO patients. Further studies are required to examine the potential of miR-27a and miR-27b as targets for therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chae
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon H. Lee
- Myung-Gok Eye Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Department of Endocrinology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Endocrine Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kwok SJJ, Forward S, Wertheimer CM, Liapis AC, Lin HH, Kim M, Seiler TG, Birngruber R, Kochevar IE, Seiler T, Yun SH. Selective Equatorial Sclera Crosslinking in the Orbit Using a Metal-Coated Polymer Waveguide. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2563-2570. [PMID: 31212308 PMCID: PMC6586079 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Photochemical crosslinking of the sclera is an emerging technique that may prevent excessive eye elongation in pathologic myopia by stiffening the scleral tissue. To overcome the challenge of uniform light delivery in an anatomically restricted space, we previously introduced the use of flexible polymer waveguides. We presently demonstrate advanced waveguides that are optimized to deliver light selectively to equatorial sclera in the intact orbit. Methods Our waveguides consist of a polydimethylsiloxane cladding and a polyurethane core, coupled to an optical fiber. A reflective silver coating deposited on the top and side surfaces of the waveguide prevents light leakage to nontarget, periorbital tissue. Postmortem rabbits were used to test the feasibility of in situ equatorial sclera crosslinking. Tensometry measurements were performed on ex vivo rabbit eyes to confirm a biomechanical stiffening effect. Results Metal-coated waveguides enabled efficient light delivery to the entire circumference of the equatorial sclera with minimal light leakage to the periorbital tissues. Blue light was delivered to the intact orbit with a coefficient of variation in intensity of 22%, resulting in a 45 ± 11% bleaching of riboflavin fluorescence. A 2-fold increase in the Young's modulus at 5% strain (increase of 92% P < 0.05, at 25 J/cm2) was achieved for ex vivo crosslinked eyes. Conclusions Flexible polymer waveguides with reflective, biocompatible surfaces are useful for sclera crosslinking to achieve targeted light delivery. We anticipate that our demonstrated procedure will be applicable to sclera crosslinking in live animal models and, potentially, humans in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon J. J. Kwok
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sarah Forward
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christian M. Wertheimer
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Andreas C. Liapis
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Harvey H. Lin
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Moonseok Kim
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Theo G. Seiler
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Institute for Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery (IROC), Zurich, Switzerland
- Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde, Inselspital, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reginald Birngruber
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Institut für Biomedizinische Optik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Irene E. Kochevar
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Theo Seiler
- Institute for Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery (IROC), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Seok-Hyun Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fang S, Huang Y, Wang N, Zhang S, Zhong S, Li Y, Sun J, Liu X, Wang Y, Gu P, Li B, Zhou H, Fan X. Insights Into Local Orbital Immunity: Evidence for the Involvement of the Th17 Cell Pathway in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1697-1711. [PMID: 30517642 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Unique features of local immunity in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) may affect disease progression. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the orbital immune microenvironment and TAO development. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS TAO and control orbital connective tissues were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Single-cell sequencing examined orbital lymphocytic infiltrates. Multicolor flow cytometry explored the phenotypes of different cell subsets and in vitro models for cell functional studies. Coculture experiment and western blotting assay were used to determine underlying mechanism of the enhanced T helper 17 (Th17) cell pathway. RESULTS The TAO orbital microenvironment was composed of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, T cells, plasma cells, and CD34+ orbital fibroblasts, but few B cells. Increases in CD3+CD8- IL-17A-producing and RAR-related orphan receptor (ROR)γt-expressing T cells and in CD3+CD8- IL-13-producing and GATA3-expressing T cells suggested Th17 and Th2 cell responses in TAO orbits. Increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing and RORγt+Tbet+ T cells indicated a Th1-like phenotype of orbital-infiltrating Th17 cells. Higher IL-23R and IL-1R expression and lower IL-21R expression were also observed on Th17 cells in TAO orbits. Multivariate analyses revealed that the Th17 pathway [IL-17A (P = 0.001), IFN-γ (P = 0.009), RORγt (P = 0.003), IL-23R (P = 0.033), IL-21R (P = 0.019)], and Th2 pathway [IL-13 (P = 0.015), GATA3 (P = 0.012)] were associated with TAO. IL-17A, IL-23R, and IL-1R correlated with clinical activity score and visual acuity. CD34+ orbital fibroblasts exhibited distinct cell surface marker expression and promoted IL-23R and IL-1R expression on T cells to facilitate the Th17-cell phenotype through prostaglandin E2-EP2/EP4-cAMP signaling. CONCLUSION Our study addresses the importance of retroorbital immunity and suggests possible means of disrupting TAO pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yazhuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernando R, Grisolia ABD, Lu Y, Atkins S, Smith TJ. Slit2 Modulates the Inflammatory Phenotype of Orbit-Infiltrating Fibrocytes in Graves' Disease. J Immunol 2018; 200:3942-3949. [PMID: 29752312 PMCID: PMC6070359 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human CD34+ fibrocytes, circulating monocyte lineage progenitor cells, have recently been implicated in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), the ocular manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Fibrocytes express constitutive MHC class II (MHC-2) and, surprisingly, thyroglobulin (Tg) and functional thyrotropin (TSH) receptor (TSHR). Underlying expression of these thyroid proteins is the autoimmune regulator protein (AIRE). Fibrocytes respond robustly to TSH and thyroid-stimulating Igs by generating extremely high levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6. In TAO, they appear to infiltrate the orbit, where they transition to CD34+ orbital fibroblasts (OF). There, they coexist with CD34- OF as a mixed fibroblast population (GD-OF). In contrast to fibrocytes, GD-OF express vanishingly low levels of MHC-2, Tg, TSHR, and AIRE. Further, the amplitude of IL-6 induction by TSH in GD-OF is substantially lower. The molecular basis for this divergence between fibrocytes and CD34+ OF remains uncertain. In this article, we report that Slit2, an axon guidance glycoprotein, is constitutively expressed by the CD34- OF subset of GD-OF. Culture conditioned medium (CM) generated by incubating with GD-OF and CD34- OF substantially reduces levels of MHC-2, Tg, TSHR, and AIRE in fibrocytes. Expression can be restored by specifically depleting CM of Slit2. The effects of CD34- OF CM are mimicked by recombinant human Slit2. TSH induces Slit2 levels in GD-OF by enhancing both Slit2 gene transcription and mRNA stability. These findings suggest that Slit2 represents a TSH-inducible factor within the TAO orbit that can modulate the inflammatory phenotype of CD34+ OF and therefore may determine the activity and severity of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Fernando
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Ana Beatriz Diniz Grisolia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Stephen Atkins
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| | - Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Neuschuler R, Simonetti C, Gasparri V, Cantera E, Ferone E, Floris R, Orlacchio A, Guinetti C. Pattern of Anesthetic Diffusion during Peribulbar Infiltration: A Ct Evaluation. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 6:336-9. [PMID: 8908444 DOI: 10.1177/112067219600600320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes undergone by orbital structures during peribulbar anesthesia. METHODS CT-thin slices were acquired and 8-9 ml of anesthetic, with a small part of low-density non-ionic water-soluble contrast medium were injected under CT guide once to follow extraconal spreading and diffusion to intraconal structures and above all, the surgically important structures such as recti muscles, orbicular and optic nerve sheath. Conjunctival sack involvement was assessed and conjunctival chemosis was rated. Induced ptosis was evaluated, verifying change before and after eyepressure. RESULTS The results help in optimizing anesthetic technique, above all concerning the site, materials and quantity, and suggest the amount of anesthesia could be reduced. CONCLUSIONS The peribulbar anesthetic technique proved effective and safe for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Neuschuler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fang S, Huang Y, Zhong S, Li Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sun J, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xu T, Sun X, Gu P, Li D, Zhou H, Li B, Fan X. Regulation of Orbital Fibrosis and Adipogenesis by Pathogenic Th17 Cells in Graves Orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4273-4283. [PMID: 28938397 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT T helper (Th)17 cells are correlated with many human autoimmune disorders, including Graves disease, and may play key roles in the pathogenesis of Graves orbitopathy (GO). OBJECTIVE To study the phenotype of Th17 cells in patients with GO and healthy subjects, investigate the fibrosis and adipogenesis in orbital fibroblasts (OFs) modulated by interleukin (IL)-17A, and determine the interaction between Th17 cells and OFs. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Blood samples and orbital tissues from GO patients and healthy controls were collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We conducted multicolor flow cytometry, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent stainings, Western blotting, a PathScan intracellular signaling assay, Luminex and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and protein mass spectrum. RESULTS Interferon-γ- and IL-22-expressing Th17 cells are increased in GO patients, which are positively related to clinical activity score. Costimulatory molecules are highly expressed in GO orbits and most GO OFs are CD90+. IL-17A promotes TGF-β-induced fibrosis in CD90+ OFs but impedes 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced adipogenesis in CD90- OFs. Th17 cells promote proinflammatory cytokine secretion in both CD90+ and CD90- OFs. Meanwhile, both CD90+ and CD90- OFs contribute to Th17 cell differentiation through prostaglandin E2 production, which can be attenuated by indomethacin. Furthermore, Th17 cells upregulate costimulatory molecule expression on OFs. CONCLUSION Our findings unravel the pathogenicity of IL-17A in the initiation and progression of GO. In-depth interpretation of the molecular basis of OFs delineated by CD90 and Th17-OF interaction will help to afford a novel approach to better therapeutic strategies for GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yazhuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Sisi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yinwei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xingtong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tianle Xu
- Discipline of Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Chatel H, Hersant B, Bosc R, La Padula S, Meningaud JP. Midface rejuvenation surgery combining preperiosteal midcheek lift, lower blepharoplasty with orbital fat preservation and autologous fat grafting. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 118:283-288. [PMID: 28684338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe a technique for midface rejuvenation combining lower blepharoplasty, midcheek lift and autologous fat transfer. METHODS All patients who underwent a midface rejuvenation procedure performed by the same surgeon and using a classic subciliary blepharoplasty surgical approach were identified. The technique combined three distinct procedures: lower blepharoplasty with use of a transposition flap of orbital adipose tissue in the medial and central compartment to reduce the subpalpebral bags and attenuate the palpebrojugual sulcus; midcheek lift in the preperiosteal plane with trans-osseous fixation exerting traction on the soft tissues of the cheek along several vectors; autologous fat transfer to offset the loss of volume in the target area. RESULTS Between January 2011 and December 2015, 14 patients were operated with the described technique. Long-term results were good and stable over time. Two complications in the form of ectropion were observed in the series but resolved with daily massages. CONCLUSIONS The combination of lower blepharoplasty, midcheek lift and autologous fat transfer appear to enable treatment of midface ageing. The results were satisfactory and durable, and the procedure was well tolerated. The procedures could be combined with others for the treatment of the upper and lower face during the same surgical procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Chatel
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Henri-Mondor Hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - B Hersant
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Henri-Mondor Hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - R Bosc
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Henri-Mondor Hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S La Padula
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Henri-Mondor Hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - J P Meningaud
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Henri-Mondor Hospital, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zariņa G, Sholts SB, Tichinin A, Rudovica V, Vīksna A, Engīzere A, Muižnieks V, Bartelink EJ, Wärmländer SKTS. Cribra orbitalia as a potential indicator of childhood stress: Evidence from paleopathology, stable C, N, and O isotopes, and trace element concentrations in children from a 17 th-18 th century cemetery in Jēkabpils, Latvia. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:131-137. [PMID: 27289401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cribra orbitalia (CO), or porotic hyperostosis (PH) of the orbital roof, is one of the most common pathological conditions found in archaeological subadult skeletal remains. Reaching frequencies higher than 50% in many prehistoric samples, CO has been generally attributed to a variety of factors including malnutrition (e.g., megaloblastic anemia) and parasitism. In this study, we tested the relationship between CO, trace element concentrations, and stable isotope values (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O) in subadult skeletons from a 17th to 18th century cemetery in the historic town of Jēkabpils, Latvia. A total of 28 subadults were examined, seven of which (25%) showed evidence of CO. Bioarchaeological evidence indicated high mortality for children in this cemetery: half of the burials were subadults under the age of 14, while a third were under the age of four. Life expectancy at birth was estimated to have been only 21.6 years. Trace element concentrations measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed no relationship between presence or absence of CO and levels of manganese, zinc, strontium, barium, copper, cadmium, or lead in the bones (p>0.05). However, a significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between the presence of CO and decreased levels of iron. The correlations between CO and decreased levels of copper and lead approached significance (p=0.056 for both elements). Individuals with CO furthermore displayed significantly lower δ15N isotope values, suggesting greater consumption of lower trophic level food resources than those unaffected by CO; δ13C and δ18O values, in contrast, showed no significant differences. These results suggest that the prevalence of CO may be related to dietary deficiencies. In this case, low iron levels may also signify a diet low in other key vitamins (e.g., B9 and B12), which are known to cause megaloblastic anemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunita Zariņa
- Institute of the Latvian History at the University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sabrina B Sholts
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
| | - Alina Tichinin
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Vita Rudovica
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Arturs Vīksna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Eric J Bartelink
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian K T S Wärmländer
- Division of Biophysics, Stockholm University, Sweden; Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA/Getty Conservation Programme, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fang S, Huang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y, Luo X, Liu L, Zhong S, Liu X, Li D, Liang R, Miranda P, Gu P, Zhou H, Fan X, Li B. IL-17A Exacerbates Fibrosis by Promoting the Proinflammatory and Profibrotic Function of Orbital Fibroblasts in TAO. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2955-65. [PMID: 27224264 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The development of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is associated with self-immune dysfunction. Recent findings in TAO and Graves' disease indicate that IL-17A may also be involved in the autoimmunity of TAO. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the pathogenic function of IL-17A-producing T cells in TAO. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Blood samples and orbital fibroblasts (OFs) were collected from TAO patients and healthy subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Flow cytometry, real-time PCR, cytokine-specific ELISA, and Western blotting were performed. RESULTS Here, we showed a significantly higher proportion of IL-17A-producing T cells in TAO patients and the recruitment of both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in TAO orbits. TAO orbital tissues expressed more IL-17A receptor, IL-17A, and its related cytokines, with severe fibrotic change compared with normal controls. Furthermore, we validated that IL-17A could enhance the proinflammatory function of OFs and stimulate the production of extracellular matrix proteins in OFs but not eyelid fibroblasts. The mechanisms involved in this enhancement mainly relied on MAPK activation. Finally, we observed that the deubiquitinase inhibitor vialinin A could down-regulate retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt expression and decrease IL-17A level in TAO patients. CONCLUSION Our observations illustrate the potential pathogenic role of IL-17A-producing T cells in the inflammatory response and fibrosis of TAO. The effect of vialinin A on the reduction of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-γt level implicates its potential role as a novel therapeutic agent for TAO and other autoimmune disorders in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Yazhuo Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Shuaiwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Xuerui Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Luyan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Sisi Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Xingtong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Piccioni Miranda
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology (S.F., Y.H., Y.Z., S.Z., X.Li., P.G., H.Z., X.F.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology (S.F., S.W., X.Lu., L.L., D.L., R.L., P.M., B.L.), Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Unit of Molecular Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Medical School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Krieger CC, Place RF, Bevilacqua C, Marcus-Samuels B, Abel BS, Skarulis MC, Kahaly GJ, Neumann S, Gershengorn MC. TSH/IGF-1 Receptor Cross Talk in Graves' Ophthalmopathy Pathogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2340-7. [PMID: 27043163 PMCID: PMC4891793 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The TSH receptor (TSHR) is considered the main target of stimulatory autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO); however, it has been suggested that stimulatory IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autoantibodies also play a role. OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated that a monoclonal stimulatory TSHR antibody, M22, activates TSHR/IGF-1R cross talk in orbital fibroblasts/preadipocytes obtained from patients with GO (GO fibroblasts [GOFs]). We show that cross talk between TSHR and IGF-1R, not direct IGF-1R activation, is involved in the mediation of GO pathogenesis stimulated by Graves' autoantibodies. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Immunoglobulins were purified from the sera of 57 GO patients (GO-Igs) and tested for their ability to activate TSHR and/or IGF-1R directly and TSHR/IGF-1R cross talk in primary cultures of GOFs. Cells were treated with M22 or GO-Igs with or without IGF-1R inhibitory antibodies or linsitinib, an IGF-1R kinase inhibitor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid [HA]) secretion was measured as a major biological response for GOF stimulation. IGF-1R autophosphorylation was used as a measure of direct IGF-1R activation. TSHR activation was determined through cAMP production. RESULTS A total of 42 out of 57 GO-Ig samples stimulated HA secretion. None of the GO-Ig samples exhibited evidence for IGF-1R autophosphorylation. Both anti-IGF-1R antibodies completely inhibited IGF-1 stimulation of HA secretion. By contrast, only 1 IGF-1R antibody partially blocked HA secretion stimulated by M22 or GO-Igs in a manner similar to linsitinib, whereas the other IGF-1R antibody had no effect on M22 or GO-Ig stimulation. These findings show that the IGF-1R is involved in GO-Igs stimulation of HA secretion without direct activation of IGF-1R. CONCLUSIONS IGF-1R activation by GO-Igs occurs via TSHR/IGF-1R cross talk rather than direct binding to IGF-1R, and this cross talk is important in the pathogenesis of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Krieger
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert F Place
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmine Bevilacqua
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernice Marcus-Samuels
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - Brent S Abel
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - Monica C Skarulis
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - George J Kahaly
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Neumann
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| | - Marvin C Gershengorn
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology (C.C.K., R.F.P., C.B., B.M.-S., S.N., M.C.G.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Nova Therapeutics LLC (R.F.P.), Pasadena, California; Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch (B.S.A., M.C.S.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (G.J.K.), Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galgoczi E, Jeney F, Gazdag A, Erdei A, Katko M, Nagy DM, Ujhelyi B, Steiber Z, Gyory F, Berta E, Nagy EV. Cell density-dependent stimulation of PAI-1 and hyaluronan synthesis by TGF-β in orbital fibroblasts. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:187-96. [PMID: 26979769 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the course of Graves' orbitopathy (GO), orbital fibroblasts are exposed to factors that lead to proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) overproduction. Increased levels of tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1 (SERPINE1)) might promote the accumulation of ECM components. PAI-1 expression is regulated by cell density and various cytokines and growth factors including transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β). We examined the effects of increasing cell densities and TGF-β on orbital fibroblasts obtained from GO patients and controls. Responses were evaluated by the measurement of proliferation, PAI-1 expression, and ECM production. There was an inverse correlation between cell density and the per cell production of PAI-1. GO orbital, normal orbital, and dermal fibroblasts behaved similarly in this respect. Proliferation rate also declined with increasing cell densities. Hyaluronan (HA) production was constant throughout the cell densities tested in all cell lines. In both GO and normal orbital fibroblasts, but not in dermal fibroblasts, TGF-β stimulated PAI-1 production in a cell density-dependent manner, reaching up to a five-fold increase above baseline. This has been accompanied by increased HA secretion and pericellular HA levels at high cell densities. Increasing cell density is a negative regulator of proliferation and PAI-1 secretion both in normal and GO orbital fibroblasts; these negative regulatory effects are partially reversed in the presence of TGF-β. Cell density-dependent regulation of PAI-1 expression in the orbit, together with the local cytokine environment, may have a regulatory role in the turnover of the orbital ECM and may contribute to the expansion of orbital soft tissue in GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Galgoczi
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Florence Jeney
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Gazdag
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Erdei
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Monika Katko
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Domonkos M Nagy
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Ujhelyi
- Department of OphthalmologyFaculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Steiber
- Department of OphthalmologyFaculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gyory
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Berta
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Endre V Nagy
- Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Matheis N, Lantz M, Grus FH, Ponto KA, Wolters D, Brorson H, Planck T, Shahida B, Pitz S, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ. Proteomics of Orbital Tissue in Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E1523-30. [PMID: 26451909 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A potentially altered protein expression profile in orbital tissue from patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is suspected. OBJECTIVE To detect for the first time changes in proteomic patterns of orbital connective tissue in TAO and compare these with control tissue using mass spectrometry. DESIGN Proteomics cross-sectional, comparative study. SETTING Two academic endocrine institutions. SAMPLES A total of 64 orbital and peripheral adipose tissue samples were collected from 39 patients with TAO and 25 control subjects. METHODS Samples were analyzed and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean intensity values of all identified peptides per protein. RESULTS Thirty-one proteins were identified, of which 16 differentiated between controls and patients with TAO. Different protein patterns between orbital and peripheral adipose tissue were observed. Compared to controls, 10 proteins were markedly up-regulated (≥ 2-fold) in the orbital tissue of untreated patients: beta IV spectrin (6.2-fold), GTP binding G protein 2 (5.6-fold), POTE ankyrin domain family member F (5.4-fold), xylulokinase (4.1-fold), kinesin family member 1A and lipocalin 1 (both 3.6-fold), semicarbazide-sensitive metalloproteinase amine oxidase 3 and polymerase I transcript release factor (both 3.4-fold), cell-cycle protein elongin A binding protein 1 (3.3-fold), annexin A2 and cavin (both 3-fold), protein pointing to cell proliferation histone H4 (2.8-fold), and ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 14 (2.7-fold). The highest protein up-regulations were noted in the orbital tissue of medically untreated patients. Steroid therapy markedly reduced up-regulation of these proteins, foremost in nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS Proteins involved in tissue inflammation, adipose tissue differentiation, lipid metabolism, and tissue remodeling were up-regulated in orbital tissue of untreated patients with TAO. Steroids decreased the expression of these proteins, whereas smoking attenuated such effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Matheis
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Lantz
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - F H Grus
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - K A Ponto
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - D Wolters
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Brorson
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Planck
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Shahida
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Pitz
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - N Pfeiffer
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - G J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory (N.M., G.J.K.), Department of Medicine I, Experimental Ophthalmology (N.M., F.H.G., D.W.), and Department of Ophthalmology (F.H.G., K.A.P., S.P., N.P.), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center (J.G.U.), Mainz 55101, Germany; Departments of Endocrinology (M.L., T.P., B.S.) and Plastic Surgery (H.B.), Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; and Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Choi HY, Jung J, Name SB, Lee JE, Byon IS, Seo JH. The effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on human orbital preadipocyte. Orbit 2015; 35:6-10. [PMID: 26588326 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2015.1082606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the presence of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) in human orbital preadipocytes, and to evaluate the effect of VEGF on human orbital preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis in vitro. RESULTS Four isoforms of VEGF (VEGF121, 155, 189, and 206), VEGFR-1, VEGF-2, and neuropilin-1 were expressed in human orbital preadipocytes. Treatment with 100 ng/ml VEGF induced higher expressions of C/EBPα and LPL than the non-treated control (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01) or treatment with 50ng/ml (p = 0.04 for both). At both concentrations VEGF enhanced the accumulation of intra-cytoplasmic lipid versus the control, and treatment with 100 ng/ml VEGF induced more lipid accumulation than treatment with 50 ng/ml VEGF (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS VEGF and VEGFR were observed in human orbital preadipocytes, and exogenous VEGF enhanced adipogenesis in these cells. These results suggest that VEGF plays a role as an autocrine or paracrine growth factor during human orbital preadipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee-young Choi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Hospital , Busan , South Korea
- b Medical Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan , South Korea
| | - Jaeho Jung
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
- d Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Su-bong Name
- e Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Ji-eun Lee
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Ik-soo Byon
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| | - Je-hyun Seo
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital , Yangsan , South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan J, Tong BD, Wu YJ, Xiong W. MicroRNA-29 mediates TGFβ1-induced extracellular matrix synthesis by targeting wnt/β-catenin pathway in human orbital fibroblasts. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:7571-7577. [PMID: 25550793 PMCID: PMC4270536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is very important in the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and also in the mediation of human orbital fibroblasts (OFs) proliferation. MicroRNA-29 (MiR-29) plays an important role in this process. In the present study, the effects of TGFβ1 on the expression of miR-29 and whether miR-29 is involved in pro-survival signaling pathways mediated by TGFβ1 were examined in human OFs. METHODS Detecting the influence of TGFβ1 on the expression of miR-29a/b/c by real-time PCR analysis. Using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to detecting the influence of miR-29 on the increased proliferation caused by TGF-β1 on the human orbital fibroblasts. Using soft agar assay to detecting the influence of miR-29 on the increased colony formation caused by TGF-β1 on the human orbital fibroblasts. Western blot was used to detect the specific mechanisin. RESULTS TGFβ1 treatment decreases the expression of miR-29 in OFs. In the cultured OFs, the value of optical density (OD) in the group treated with miR-29 is lower than that in the group treated without miR-29 (P < 0.05). In the cultured OFs, the ratio of colony formation in the group treated with miR-29 is lower than that in the group treated without miR-29 (P < 0.05). In OFs, miR-29 decreases the secretion of Wnt3a and activation of β-catenin whether the treatment of TGFβ1 was used or not. MiR-29 decreases expression of Collagen, type I, alpha 1 (COL1A1) through down-regulation of wnt/β-catenin pathway. CONCLUSIONS In OFs TGFβ1 treatment decreases expression of miR-29 which can cause the inhibition of normal ability of TGFβ1. MiR-29 inhibits TGFβ1-induced proliferation of OFS cell and decreases colony formation of OFS cell after TGFβ1 treatment. MiR-29 Mediates TGFβ1-induced Extracellular matrix synthesis through activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in human OFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bo-Ding Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Eye Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wong AJ, Planck SR, Choi D, Harrington CA, Troxell ML, Houghton DC, Stauffer P, Wilson DJ, Grossniklaus HE, Dailey RA, Ng JD, Steele EA, Harris GJ, Czyz C, Foster JA, White VA, Dolman PJ, Kazim M, Patel PJ, Edward DP, Katan HA, Hussain HA, Selva D, Yeatts RP, Korn BS, Kikkawa DO, Rosenbaum JT. IgG4 immunostaining and its implications in orbital inflammatory disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109847. [PMID: 25303270 PMCID: PMC4193851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective IgG4-related disease is an emerging clinical entity which frequently involves tissue within the orbit. In order to appreciate the implications of IgG4 immunostaining, we analyzed gene expression and the prevalence of IgG4- immunostaining among subjects with orbital inflammatory diseases. Methods We organized an international consortium to collect orbital biopsies from 108 subjects including 22 with no known orbital disease, 42 with nonspecific orbital inflammatory disease (NSOI), 26 with thyroid eye disease (TED), 12 with sarcoidosis, and 6 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Lacrimal gland and orbital adipose tissue biopsies were immunostained for IgG4 or IgG secreting plasma cells. RNA transcripts were quantified by Affymetrix arrays. Results None of the healthy controls or subjects with TED had substantial IgG4 staining. Among the 63 others, the prevalence of significant IgG4-immunostaining ranged from 11 to 39% depending on the definition for significant. IgG4 staining was detectable in the majority of tissues from subjects with GPA and less commonly in tissue from subjects with sarcoidosis or NSOI. The detection of IgG4+ cells correlated with inflammation in the lacrimal gland based on histology. IgG4 staining tissue expressed an increase in transcripts associated with inflammation, especially B cell-related genes. Functional annotation analysis confirmed this. Conclusion IgG4+ plasma cells are common in orbital tissue from patients with sarcoidosis, GPA, or NSOI. Even using the low threshold of 10 IgG4+ cells/high powered field, IgG4 staining correlates with increased inflammation in the lacrimal gland based on histology and gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Wong
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Planck
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health Systems, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Dongseok Choi
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christina A. Harrington
- Integrated Genomics Laboratory, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Megan L. Troxell
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Donald C. Houghton
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Patrick Stauffer
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David J. Wilson
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hans E. Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roger A. Dailey
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - John D. Ng
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eric A. Steele
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gerald J. Harris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Craig Czyz
- Division of Ophthalmology, Ohio University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jill A. Foster
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Valerie A. White
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter J. Dolman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Kazim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Payal J. Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Deepak P. Edward
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind al Katan
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hailah al Hussain
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Ophthalmology Network, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - R. Patrick Yeatts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wake Forrest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bobby S. Korn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Don O. Kikkawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - James T. Rosenbaum
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Devers Eye Institute, Legacy Health Systems, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
CONTEXT The IL-1 family plays important roles in normal physiology and mediates inflammation. The actions of IL-1 are modulated by multiple IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), including intracellular and secreted forms. IL-1 has been implicated in autoimmunity, such as that occurring in Graves' disease (GD) and its inflammatory orbital manifestation, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). We have previously reported that CD34(+) fibrocytes, monocyte-lineage bone marrow-derived cells, express functional TSH receptor, the central antigen in GD. When activated by TSH, they produce IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Moreover, they infiltrate the orbit in TAO in which they transition into CD34(+) fibroblasts and comprise a population of orbital fibroblasts (OFs). Little is known currently about any relationship between TSH, TSH receptor, and the IL-1 pathway. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether TSH regulates IL-1RA in fibrocytes and OFs. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Fibrocytes and OFs were collected and analyzed from healthy individuals and those with GD in an academic clinical practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, reporter gene assays, and cell transfections were performed. RESULTS TSH induces the expression of IL-1RA in fibrocytes and GD-OFs. The patterns of induction diverge quantitatively and qualitatively in the two cell types. This results from relatively small effects on gene transcription-related events but a greater influence on secreted IL-1RA and intracellular IL-1RA mRNA stabilities. These actions of TSH are dependent on the intermediate induction of IL-1α and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Our findings for the first time directly link activities of the TSH and IL-1 pathways. Furthermore, they identify novel molecular interactions that could be targeted as therapy for TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (B.L., T.J.S.) and Department of Internal Medicine (T.J.S.), Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether IL-7 participates in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). This was a prospective study. 20 GO patients (40 eyes) and 20 healthy volunteers (40 eyes) were recruited. The tear concentration of IL-7 was measured using ELISA assay. IL-7 expression in orbital tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Patients with inactive GO had the highest IL-7 concentrations in the tears, followed by healthy controls and patients with active GO per ELISA. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that IL-7 expression in orbital tissues of the inactive GO samples was higher than that of the volunteers. Changes of IL-7 expression in different phases of GO suggested that IL-7 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KeBo Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li B, Smith TJ. Divergent expression of IL-1 receptor antagonists in CD34⁺ fibrocytes and orbital fibroblasts in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: contribution of fibrocytes to orbital inflammation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2783-90. [PMID: 23633206 PMCID: PMC3701275 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) manifests as inflammation of orbital connective tissue. Bone marrow-derived CD34⁺ fibrocytes infiltrate the orbit in TAO where they become CD34⁺ orbital fibroblasts. They express thyroid-specific antigens and thus may contribute to inflammation. Evidence suggests that orbital susceptibility to TAO may involve IL-1, which is modulated by IL-1 receptor antagonists, designated secreted (sIL-1RA) and intracellular (icIL-1RA). OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the expression of sIL-1RA and icIL-1RA in TAO orbital fibroblasts compared to CD34⁺ fibrocytes. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Patients with TAO and healthy donors were recruited from an academic medical center clinical practice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Real-time PCR, cytokine-specific ELISA, gene promoter activities, transcriptional analysis, mRNA stability, and cytometric cell sorting were performed. RESULTS Orbital fibroblasts treated with IL-1β exhibit greater inductions of IL-1α, IL-1β, and prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-2 transcripts than do fibrocytes. Fibrocytes express dramatically higher basal levels of both icIL-1RA and sIL-1RA. When treated with IL-1β, icIL-1RA is induced in orbital fibroblasts but not sIL-1RA, whereas in fibrocytes, sIL-1RA is dominantly up-regulated. These inductions result from increased steady-state levels of respective mRNAs, enhanced transcript stabilities, and modestly increased gene transcription. CONCLUSIONS Robust responses of TAO orbital fibroblasts to IL-1β are a consequence of low-level sIL-1RA expression. This results in poorly opposed actions of IL-1β. In contrast, circulating fibrocytes express high levels of sIL-1RA, which are diminished as these cells transition to orbital fibroblasts. These findings identify an explanation for the inflammatory phenotype exhibited by TAO orbital fibroblasts and provide a potential target for altering disease susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Johnson KTM, Wiesweg B, Schott M, Ehlers M, Müller M, Minich WB, Nagayama Y, Gulbins E, Eckstein AK, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. Examination of orbital tissues in murine models of Graves' disease reveals expression of UCP-1 and the TSHR in retrobulbar adipose tissues. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45:401-7. [PMID: 23386414 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1333224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade a number of murine models of Graves' disease (GD) have been described. The full symptom complex, including typical orbital changes, however, could not yet be induced. In this report, we examined the influence of modified immunization protocols on orbital pathology. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice were immunized against the human TSH receptor (TSHR), using either a TSHR encoding plasmid or a TSHR A-subunit adenovirus. Prior to immunization with the TSHR plasmid, regulatory T cells were depleted in one group of each strain. TSHR-stimulating antibodies (TSAbs) were evaluated and orbits were stained immunohistochemically for F4/80, uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and the TSHR. We found that after depletion of regulatory T cells, incidence of TSAb was increased in TSHR plasmid immunized C57BL/6 mice. Examination of early immunized mice showed no antibody production. However, a TSHR epitope-specific cellular immune response could be detected by tetramer-analyses. Adenoviral immunization lead to TSAb production in all but one animal. Analysis of F4/80 positive cells in retrobulbar fat revealed no significant macrophage infiltration in the orbits of immunized mice. Immunohistochemical staining shows co-localization of F4/80 positive cells, UCP-1 and the TSHR in retrobulbar fat. Though targets for TSHR autoimmunity could clearly be shown, immunization methods were not efficient enough to cause clear signs of orbital inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K T M Johnson
- Department for Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Ezra DG, Krell J, Rose GE, Bailly M, Stebbing J, Castellano L. Transcriptome-level microarray expression profiling implicates IGF-1 and Wnt signalling dysregulation in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy. J Clin Pathol 2012; 65:608-13. [PMID: 22554965 PMCID: PMC7611799 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-200719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the gene expression profile of orbital fat from patients with active, but untreated, TAO. METHODS A case-control gene expression study was conducted using test samples of orbital fat from TAO patients and control orbital fat specimens; apart from drugs to control thyrotoxicosis, the TAO patients had received no treatment for orbital disease. cDNA expression analysis was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 platform and validated using quantitative PCR. RESULTS The highest-ranked differentially expressed genes were dominated by IGF-1 signalling genes. These include IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor binding/signalling genes, such as SOCS3 and IRS2, and downstream signalling and transcriptional regulators, such as SGK (PDK/Akt signalling) and c-JUN. Our microarray data also demonstrate dysregulation of wingless-type MMTV (Wnt) signalling gene expression, including Wnt5a, sFRPs and DKK. CONCLUSION Altered Wnt signalling confirms previous array findings. Further investigation of the role of Wnt signalling in TAO pathogenesis is warranted. These data also provide the first evidence of dysregulation of IGF-1 pathway genes in TAO tissue, further strengthening the evidence for the role of IGF-1 signalling in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Ezra
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the orbit. The close clinical and temporal relationships between Graves' hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy have long suggested that both conditions derive from a single systemic process and share the thyrotropin receptor as a common autoantigen. This receptor is expressed not only in thyroid follicular cells, but also in orbital fibroblasts with higher levels measured in orbital cells from ophthalmopathy patients than in cells from normal individuals. Recent studies from several laboratories have shown that thyrotropin receptor activation in orbital fibroblasts enhances hyaluronic acid synthesis and adipogenesis, both cellular functions that appear to be upregulated in the diseased orbit. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling cascade, along with other effector pathways including adenylyl cyclase/cAMP, appears to mediate these processes. Future therapies for this condition may involve inhibition of thyrotropin receptor signaling in orbital fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seethalakshmi Iyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA 55905, , Phone 507 284-2462, Fax 507 266-2270
| | - Rebecca Bahn
- Corresponding author: , Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA 55905, , Phone 507 284-9564, Fax 507 266-2270
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Almeida DRP, Belliveau MJ, Enright T, Islam O, El-Defrawy SR, Gale J. Anatomic distribution of gadolinium contrast medium by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging after peribulbar and retrobulbar injections. Arch Ophthalmol 2012; 130:743-748. [PMID: 22801836 DOI: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the anatomic distribution of gadolinium contrast medium by high-resolution surface-coil magnetic resonance imaging after peribulbar and retrobulbar injection. METHODS Comparative case series in which 4 healthy volunteers were randomized to peribulbar (n = 2) or retrobulbar (n = 2) injection of gadolinium and lidocaine hydrochloride, 2%, without epinephrine. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed before injection and at 5 minutes and 90 minutes after injection. RESULTS The peribulbar injection technique resulted in contrast medium primarily in the extraconal space, with no gadolinium observed at the orbital apex; surprisingly, a small amount of contrast medium was observed in the pterygopalatine fossa immediately after peribulbar injection. The retrobulbar injection technique resulted in gadolinium signal diffusely enhancing the intraconal space, orbital apex, optic nerve sheath, and optic canal. The signal intensity was clearly observed in the cavernous sinus surrounding the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery. A small amount of contrast medium was detected in the pterygopalatine fossa. CONCLUSIONS The retrobulbar injection technique localizes to the intraconal space, with access to intracranial and central nervous system structures via the optic canal, superior orbital fissure, and cavernous sinus. In contrast, the peribulbar injection technique produces a mostly extraconal distribution; however, intraconal solution may communicate with the central nervous system via the inferior orbital fissure and pterygopalatine fossa. This novel finding suggests that peribulbar anesthesia has a readily accessible route for central nervous system toxic effects. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium contrast medium administration provides an important methodological advantage over previously described techniques and is a safe, reproducible, and superior method of orbital imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R P Almeida
- Department of Ophthalmology and Hotel Dieu Hospital, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The etiology of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) remains enigmatic and thus controversy surrounds its pathogenesis. The role of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and activating antibodies directed against it in the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease (GD) is firmly established. Less well elucidated is what part the TSHR pathway might play in the development of GO. Also uncertain is the participation of other cell surface receptors in the disease. Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been found in orbital fibroblasts as well as B and T cells from patients with GD. These abnormal patterns of IGF-1R display are also found in rheumatoid arthritis and carry functional consequences. In addition, activating IgGs capable of displacing IGF-1 from IGF-1R have also been detected in patients with these diseases. IGF-1R forms a complex with TSHR which is necessary for at least some of the non-canonical signaling observed following TSHR activation. Functional TSHR and IGF-1R have also been found on fibrocytes, CD34⁺ bone marrow-derived cells from the monocyte lineage. Levels of TSHR on fibrocytes greatly exceed those found on orbital fibroblasts. When ligated by TSH or M22, a TSHR-activating monoclonal antibody, fibrocytes produce extremely high levels of several cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, fibrocytes infiltrate both the orbit and thyroid in GD. In sum, based on current evidence, IGF-1R and TSHR can be thought of as "partners in crime". Involvement of the former probably transcends disease boundaries, while TSHR may not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hoa N, Tsui S, Afifiyan NF, Sinha Hikim A, Li B, Douglas RS, Smith TJ. Nuclear targeting of IGF-1 receptor in orbital fibroblasts from Graves' disease: apparent role of ADAM17. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34173. [PMID: 22506015 PMCID: PMC3323600 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) comprises two subunits, including a ligand binding domain on extra- cellular IGF-1Rα and a tyrosine phosphorylation site located on IGF-1Rβ. IGF-1R is over-expressed by orbital fibroblasts in the autoimmune syndrome, Graves' disease (GD). When activated by IGF-1 or GD-derived IgG (GD-IgG), these fibroblasts produce RANTES and IL-16, while those from healthy donors do not. We now report that IGF-1 and GD-IgG provoke IGF-1R accumulation in the cell nucleus of GD fibroblasts where it co-localizes with chromatin. Nuclear IGF-1R is detected with anti-IGF-1Rα-specific mAb and migrates to approximately 110 kDa, consistent with its identity as an IGF-1R fragment. Nuclear IGF-1R migrating as a 200 kDa protein and consistent with an intact receptor was undetectable when probed with either anti-IGF-1Rα or anti-IGF-1Rβ mAbs. Nuclear redistribution of IGF-1R is absent in control orbital fibroblasts. In GD fibroblasts, it can be abolished by an IGF-1R-blocking mAb, 1H7 and by physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids. When cell-surface IGF-1R is cross-linked with 125I IGF-1, 125I-IGF-1/IGF-1R complexes accumulate in the nuclei of GD fibroblasts. This requires active ADAM17, a membrane associated metalloproteinase, and the phosphorylation of IGF-1R. In contrast, virally encoded IGF-1Rα/GFP fusion protein localizes equivalently in nuclei in both control and GD fibroblasts. This result suggests that generation of IGF-1R fragments may limit the accumulation of nuclear IGF-1R. We thus identify a heretofore-unrecognized behavior of IGF-1R that appears limited to GD-derived fibroblasts. Nuclear IGF-1R may play a role in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hoa
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
| | - Shanli Tsui
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Nikoo F. Afifiyan
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Amiya Sinha Hikim
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Bin Li
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Raymond S. Douglas
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Terry J. Smith
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California, United States of America
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu CL, Guo B, Zhang XJ, Lü HB, Tang L, Luo QL. [CCR1 expression on immune cells in orbital tissue of patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2012; 43:180-182. [PMID: 22650026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of CC chemokine receptor 1(CCR1) on the immune cells in orbital tissue of patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO). METHODS The tissue samples of orbital tissue were collected from 25 cases of TAO patient and 10 normal control subjects, and the expression of CCR1 in the immune cells was studied by SP immunohistochemistry. The correlation between CCR1 and clinical activity scores (GAS) was analyzed. RESULTS The expression of CCR1 on immune cells was positive, in orbital tissue of patients with TAO, and the positive rate was 84%, while it was negative or low positive in normal control subjects. The difference between them was significant (P < 0.05). In addition, the expression of CCR1 on the immune cells of orbital tissue with TAO had significant correlation with CAS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of chemokine receptor CCR1 on the immune cells in orbital tissue of TAO patients is higher than that of normal subjects. CCR1 may play a role in the pathogenesis of TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang L, Grennan-Jones F, Lane C, Rees DA, Dayan CM, Ludgate M. Adipose tissue depot-specific differences in the regulation of hyaluronan production of relevance to Graves' orbitopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:653-62. [PMID: 22162480 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is associated with Graves' disease, in which anti-TSH receptor (TSHR) autoantibodies (thyroid-stimulating antibodies) increase cAMP causing hyperthyroidism. Excess adipogenesis and hyaluronan (HA) overproduction [HA synthase 2 (HAS2) is the major source] expand the orbital contents causing GO. TSHR activation participates in both processes but an anti-TSHR monoclonal without TSAB activity also increased HA, suggesting the involvement of other cascades. OBJECTIVE AND PATIENTS STUDIED: We investigated using in vitro models in which preadipocytes/fibroblasts from human orbital (n = 12) and sc (n = 10) adipose tissues were treated with IGF-I (to probe the pAkt pathway, recently identified as a positive regulator of HAS2), TSH, and/or various inhibitors. Changes in HA during in vitro-induced adipogenesis were also evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME AND RESULTS Adipogenesis in orbital preadipocytes was accompanied by significantly increased HAS2 transcripts and HA accumulation in contrast to sc cells in which differentiation significantly decreased HAS2 mRNA and secreted HA. Surprisingly, IGF-I alone did not increase HAS2 levels, despite significantly increasing the ratio of phosphorylated to total Akt; furthermore, an Akt inhibitor increased orbital (but not sc) HAS2 transcripts. A stimulatory effect of IGF-I on HAS2 transcripts was revealed by addition of rapamycin in sc but by a MAPK kinase inhibitor in orbital fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The results have several possible explanations including a phosphorylation-dependent repressor of HAS2 transcript accumulation, exclusively in the orbit. The difference in control of HAS2 expression allows the activation of one of the mechanisms underlying GO, adipogenesis, to be linked biologically with the second, HA overproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Centre for Endocrine and Diabetes Sciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Smith TJ, Padovani-Claudio DA, Lu Y, Raychaudhuri N, Fernando R, Atkins S, Gillespie EF, Gianoukakis AG, Miller BS, Gauger PG, Doherty GM, Douglas RS. Fibroblasts expressing the thyrotropin receptor overarch thyroid and orbit in Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:3827-37. [PMID: 21956421 PMCID: PMC3232631 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Graves' disease (GD) is a systemic autoimmune syndrome comprising manifestations in thyroid and orbital connective tissue. The link between these two tissues in GD eludes our understanding. Patients with GD have increased frequency of circulating monocyte lineage cells known as fibrocytes. These fibrocytes infiltrate orbital connective tissues in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and express functional TSH receptor (TSHR). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to identify and characterize CD34(+) fibrocytes in thyroid tissue. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Patients undergoing surgical thyroidectomy at two academic medical centers were recruited to the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We performed immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, cytokine-specific ELISA, and cell differentiation. RESULTS CD34(+)ColI(+)CXCR4(+)TSHR(+) cells can be identified in situ in thyroid tissue from donors with GD, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or in normal-appearing tissue. Thyroid fibroblasts cultivated from these glands express a CD34(-)ColI(+)CXCR4(+)TSHR(+) phenotype. TSHR levels are higher than those in orbital fibroblasts. When treated with TSH, thyroid fibroblasts generate IL-6 and IL-8. The induction of IL-6 can be blocked by dexamethasone, a chemical inhibitor of Akt/Pkb, and by knocking down Akt with a specific small interfering RNA. When treated with TGF-β or rosiglitazone, thyroid fibroblasts differentiate into myofibrocytes or adipocytes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ColI(+)CXCR4(+)TSHR(+) thyroid fibroblasts resemble orbital fibroblasts and circulating fibrocytes. CD34(+) fibrocytes appear to infiltrate both tissues in GD. Thyroid fibroblasts lose CD34 display in culture, unlike orbital fibroblasts and circulating fibrocytes. Fibrocytes and their fibroblast derivatives may participate in the pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmunity after TSHR activation. They could represent a therapeutic target for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Kellogg Eye Center, Brehm Tower, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Meyer zu Hörste M, Ströher E, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U, Schmitz-Spanke S, Pink M, Göthert JR, Fischer JW, Gulbins E, Eckstein AK. A novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO): clathrin is a possible targeting molecule for inhibiting local immune response in the orbit. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1727-36. [PMID: 21917865 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive orbital fibroblast (OF) proliferation and extracellular matrix production, as well as inflammation resulting in the expansion and remodeling of orbital tissue, are characteristic of Graves ophthalmopathy (GO). Our aim was to analyze and inhibit signaling pathways in resident OF that are involved in GO. METHODS/MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary human OF were obtained from 12 patients with active, severe GO and from 12 healthy control subjects. The cells were characterized by immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. Tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins was determined by Western blot techniques, immunoprecipitation, and protein identity with mass spectrometry. Cell proliferation was determined by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine incorporation, hyaluronan (HA) production was assessed by a HA-binding protein based assay, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the dichlorofluorescein assay. Clathrin heavy-chain (CHC) expression was inhibited with small interfering RNA technology. RESULTS Tyrosine phosphorylation of CHC is constitutively increased in vitro in GO-derived OF, independent of serum or other stimulating factors. The proliferative and biosynthetic capabilities (production of HA, ROS) of GO-derived OF are significantly higher than those of OF from healthy control subjects. Down-regulation of CHC expression leads to a normalization of pathologically increased proliferation and production of HA and ROS in GO-derived OFs in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that clathrin and clathrin-mediated signaling pathways are involved in the inflammatory signal transduction of OF in GO. With the identification of clathrin, we report a new potential targeting molecule for specific pharmacological inhibition of the local inflammatory response characteristic of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Meyer zu Hörste
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu CL, Zhang XJ, Guo B, Yang JF, Luo QL. [Expression of CCR1 in the orbital fibroblasts with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2011; 42:630-632. [PMID: 22007486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of chemokine receptor (CCR1) in the orbital fibroblasts (OFs) with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and to explore the pathogenesis of TAO. METHODS By immunohistochemistry, the expression of CCR1 was studied in 25 cases of TAO patients and 10 normal control subjects and the correlation between CCR1 and GAS was analysed. RESULTS The expression of CCR1 in the OFs with TAO was positive, but it was negative or weak positive in normal control subjects. The difference between them was significant (P < 0.05). And the expression of CCR1 in the OFs with TAO had no significant correlation with GAS (r = 0. 048, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of chemokine receptor CCR1 is higher on OFs of TAO patients than that of normal subjects. CCR1 maybe play a role in pathogenesis of TAO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ling Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang J, Yuan H, Du L, Tnag Q, Xu X. [Study on pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid loaded liposome-in-chitosan-microspheres in rats]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2011; 36:1751-1754. [PMID: 22032138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the pharmacokinetics of ferulic acid loaded liposome-in-chitosan-microspheres was investigated. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups randomly. Each group was administered orally of ferulic acid, ferulic acid loaded chitosan microspheres and ferulic acid loaded liposome-in-chitosan-microspheres, respectively. Then blood samples were obtained from fossa orbitalis at different time points. The concentration of ferulic acid in blood was analyzed by a HPLC method using coumarin as internal standard. The data were analyzed by DAS program. The t(max), MRT and t(1/2beta) of liposome-in-chitosan-microspheres were 2.500, 7.487 and 7.818 h, respectively, which were much longer than crude drug and chitosan microspheres. This results demonstrated that liposome-in-chitosan-microspheres had better sus-tained-releasing property. The AUC of liposome-in-chitosan-microspheres was 6.08 times higher than crude drug and 1.21 times higher than chitosan microspheres, which verified that liposome-in-chitosan-microspheres could enhance oral absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jifen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Panitsa G, Panitsas A, Potamianou A, Messari J, Vovou J, Tesseromatis C. Impact of hyperlipidaemia on the orbital bone cefotaxime levels in rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2011; 35:23-7. [PMID: 21495263 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-010-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Facial injuries are critical conditions, leading to serious complications, such as occult facial infections. Infectious endophthalmitis occurs despite of antibiotics use during implantation of intraocular lenses and is generally resistant to antibiotic therapy. It is a crucial situation in ophthalmology, since it often induces a substantial reduction of visual acuity and in some cases the loss of the eye despite treatment. It is, therefore, important to obtain drug levels able to exert antimicrobial effect in the diseased organ. The distribution of a drug depends on the binding extent to both plasma proteins and tissues and only the free drug is capable to be transported/diffused across membranes from blood vessels into tissues, in order to achieve its effect on the target organ. Hyperlipidaemia and consequent enhanced concentration of free fatty acid can modify binding pharmacokinetics of antibiotics through antagonism for the same binding sites. Cefotaxime, the third generation cephalosporin with easy penetration in a variety of tissues and body fluids and low incidence of adverse effects, can obtain adequate concentration in blood, eye bulb, and in the orbital bones. Its levels are influenced by hyperlipidaemia with clinical impact.
Collapse
|
50
|
WEGELIUS O. The Localization of Radioactivity in the Orbit and the Thyroid Gland after Injection of S35-labelled Thyrotropin into the Carotid Artery of Guinea-pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 167:65-71. [PMID: 13843407 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1960.tb03517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|