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Xu J, Yu SJ, Sun S, Li YP, Zhang X, Jin K, Jin ZB. Enhanced innate responses in microglia derived from retinoblastoma patient-specific iPSCs. Glia 2024; 72:872-884. [PMID: 38258347 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
RB1 deficiency leads to retinoblastoma (Rb), the most prevalent intraocular malignancy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are related to local inflammation disorder, particularly by increasing cytokines and immune escape. Microglia, the unique resident macrophages for retinal homeostasis, are the most important immune cells of Rb. However, whether RB1 deficiency affects microglial function remain unknown. In this study, microglia were successfully differentiated from Rb patient- derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and then we investigated the function of RB1 in microglia by live imaging phagocytosis assay, immunofluorescence, RNA-seq, qRT-PCR, ELISA and retina organoids/microglia co-culturing. RB1 was abundantly expressed in microglia and predominantly located in the nucleus. We then examined the phagocytosis ability and secretion function of iMGs in vitro. We found that RB1 deficiency did not affect the expression of microglia-specific markers or the phagocytic abilities of these cells by live-imaging. Upon LPS stimulation, RB1-deficient microglia displayed enhanced innate immune responses, as evidenced by activated MAPK signaling pathway and elevated expression of IL-6 and TNF-α at both mRNA and protein levels, compared to wildtype microglia. Furthermore, retinal structure disruption was observed when retinal organoids were co-cultured with RB1-deficient microglia, highlighting the potential contribution of microglia to Rb development and potential therapeutic strategies for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Jian Yu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuning Sun
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kangxin Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Daniels AB, Chang EY, Chew EY, Gombos DS, Gorin MB, Shields CL, Wiley HE. Consensus Guidelines for Ocular Surveillance of von Hippel-Lindau Disease. Ophthalmology 2024; 131:622-633. [PMID: 38092079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop guidelines for ocular surveillance and early intervention for individuals with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. DESIGN Systematic review of the literature. PARTICIPANTS Expert panel of retina specialists and ocular oncologists. METHODS A consortium of experts on clinical management of all-organ aspects of VHL disease was convened. Working groups with expertise in organ-specific features of VHL disease were tasked with development of evidence-based guidelines for each organ system. The ophthalmology subcommittee formulated questions for consideration and performed a systematic literature review. Evidence was graded for topic quality and relevance and the strength of each recommendation, and guideline recommendations were developed. RESULTS The quality of evidence was limited, and no controlled clinical trial data were available. Consensus guidelines included: (1) individuals with known or suspected VHL disease should undergo periodic ocular screening (evidence type, III; evidence strength, C; degree of consensus, 2A); (2) patients at risk of VHL disease, including first-degree relatives of patients with known VHL disease, or any patient with single or multifocal retinal hemangioblastomas (RHs), should undergo genetic testing for pathologic VHL disease gene variants as part of an appropriate medical evaluation (III/C/2A); (3) ocular screening should begin within 12 months after birth and continue throughout life (III/C/2A); (4) ocular screening should occur approximately every 6 to 12 months until 30 years of age and then at least yearly thereafter (III/C-D/2A); (5) ocular screening should be performed before a planned pregnancy and every 6 to 12 months during pregnancy (IV/D/2A); (6) ultra-widefield color fundus photography may be helpful in certain circumstances to monitor RHs, and ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography may be helpful in certain circumstances to detect small RHs (IV/D/2A); (7) patients should be managed, whenever possible, by those with subspecialty training, with experience with VHL disease or RHs, or with both and ideally within the context of a multidisciplinary center capable of providing multiorgan surveillance and access to genetic testing (IV/D/2A); (8) extramacular or extrapapillary RHs should be treated promptly (III/C/2A). CONCLUSIONS Based on available evidence from observational studies, broad agreement was reached for a strategy of lifelong surveillance and early treatment for ocular VHL disease. These guidelines were endorsed by the VHL Alliance and the International Society of Ocular Oncology and were approved by the American Academy of Ophthalmology Board of Trustees. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony B Daniels
- Division of Ocular Oncology and Pathology, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | | | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dan S Gombos
- Section of Ophthalmology, Department of Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California-Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cobrinik
- From the Vision Center, Department of Surgery, and Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Roski Eye Institute, and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California - both in Los Angeles
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4
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Wu W, Zhang Y, Xu C, Yang H, Liu S, Huang G. LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 promotes proliferation and invasion and inhibits apoptosis in retinoblastoma by regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1011-1022. [PMID: 37273040 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular malignancy that is most common in children and rare in adults. Addressing novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for RB to modulate tumor progression has become a challenge. The aim of the present study was to investigate the function of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) LOXL1-AS1 in RB cell proliferation and metastasis. It was found that LOXL1-AS1 was overexpressed in RB tissues and cells. In order to evaluate cell viability and colony formation potential, the knockdown of LOXL1-AS1 has been established. Knockdown of LOXL1-AS1 was also inhibited cells migration and invasion. In addition, the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase of the sh-LOXL1-AS1 group increased significantly, and the proportion of cells in the sh-NC group decreased significantly. In the xenograft model of RB, the tumors in the sh-LOXL1-AS1 group grow slowly compared to the sh-NC group. Western blot analysis revealed that LOXL1-AS1 can regulate the progression of RB cells through MAPK signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that LncRNA LOXL1-AS1 promotes proliferation, invasion and inhibits apoptosis of retinoblastoma by regulating MAPK signaling pathway, and might be expected to be a novel basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China
- Medical Department of Graduate School, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis and Precision Treatment, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guofu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1# Minde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Hicks RM, Ji X, Zou Y, Sultana S, Rashid R, Sherief ST, Cassoux N, Garcia Leon JL, Diaz Coronado RY, López AMZ, Ushakova TL, Polyakov VG, Roy SR, Ahmad A, Reddy MA, Sagoo MS, Al Harby L, Berry JL, Polski A, Astbury NJ, Bascaran C, Blum S, Bowman R, Burton MJ, Gomel N, Keren-Froim N, Madgar S, Zondervan M, Kaliki S, Fabian ID, Stacey AW. Differences in Childhood Growth Parameters Between Patients With Somatic and Heritable Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:39. [PMID: 38662390 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.4.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Little is known regarding differences in childhood growth between somatic and heritable retinoblastoma (Rb) populations. We aimed to compare childhood growth parameters between somatic and heritable Rb cohorts at birth and at time of diagnosis with Rb. Methods A multinational, longitudinal cohort study was conducted with patients from 11 centers in 10 countries who presented with treatment naïve Rb from January to December 2019. Variables of interest included age, sex, and size characteristics at birth and at time of presentation, as well as germline mutation status. After Bonferroni correction, results were statistically significant if the P value was less than 0.005. Results We enrolled 696 patients, with 253 analyzed after exclusion criteria applied. Between somatic (n = 39) and heritable (n = 214) Rb cohorts, with males and females analyzed separately, there was no significant difference in birth weight percentile, weight percentile at time of diagnosis, length percentile at time of diagnosis, weight-for-length percentile at time of diagnosis, or change of weight percentile from birth to time of diagnosis. Patients with heritable Rb had a smaller mean weight percentile at birth and smaller mean weight and length percentiles at time of diagnosis with Rb, although this difference was not statistically significant. All cohorts experienced a slight negative change of weight percentile from birth to time of diagnosis. No cohort mean percentiles met criteria for failure to thrive, defined as less than the 5th percentile. Conclusions Children with Rb seem to have normal birth and childhood growth patterns. There is no definitive evidence that somatic or heritable Rb has a biological or environmental impact on childhood growth parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana M Hicks
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Riffat Rashid
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sadik T Sherief
- Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Université de Paris Medicine Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Tatiana L Ushakova
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Polyakov
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Soma R Roy
- Chittagong Eye Infirmary & Training Complex, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Alia Ahmad
- The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Ashwin Reddy
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lamis Al Harby
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse L Berry
- The Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ashley Polski
- The Vision Center, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
- USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Nicholas J Astbury
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Blum
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Richard Bowman
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Burton
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nir Gomel
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Naama Keren-Froim
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiran Madgar
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcia Zondervan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ido D Fabian
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew W Stacey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Division of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Agrawal T, Maddileti S, Verma A, Kaliki S, Mariappan I. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (LVPEIi002-A) with heterozygous RB1 mutation using peri-orbital fat derived mesenchymal cells of a patient with inherited retinoblastoma. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103329. [PMID: 38335663 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a pediatric intraocular cancer caused by biallelic inactivation of RB1 gene in retinal progenitor cells. Here, we report the generation of a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line (LVPEIi002-A) from a patient diagnosed with retinoblastoma and showing familial inheritance of a nonsense mutation (c.1735C > T) within exon 18 of one of the two alleles. This RB1+/- iPSC line, LVPEIi002-A was generated by reprogramming the peri-orbital fat tissue derived mesenchymal cells and was stably expanded and characterized. It maintains the stemness, pluripotency, normal karyotype, and forms embryoid bodies comprising of all three lineage committed progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Agrawal
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitri Maddileti
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Archana Verma
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Indumathi Mariappan
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Agrawal T, Maddileti S, Mariappan I. Generation and characterization of three CRISPR/Cas9 edited RB1 null hiPSC lines for retinoblastoma disease modelling. Stem Cell Res 2024; 76:103373. [PMID: 38452707 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2024.103373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Complete loss of RB1 causes retinoblastoma. Here, we report the generation of three RB1-/- iPSC lines using CRISPR/Cas9 based editing at exon 18 of RB1 in a healthy control hiPSC line. The edited cells were clonally expanded, genotyped and characterized to establish the mutant lines. Two of the mutant lines are compound heterozygous, with different in-del mutations in each of their alleles, while the third mutant line is homozygous, with identical edits in both alleles. All lines maintained their stemness, pluripotency, formed embryoid bodies with cell types of all three lineages, displayed a normal karyotype and lost RB1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti Agrawal
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Savitri Maddileti
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Indumathi Mariappan
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Hyderabad Eye Research Foundation, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Pai V, Muthusami P, Ertl-Wagner B, Shroff MM, Parra-Fariñas C, Sainani K, Kletke S, Brundler MA, Mallipatna A. Diagnostic Imaging for Retinoblastoma Cancer Staging: Guide for Providing Essential Insights for Ophthalmologists and Oncologists. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230125. [PMID: 38451848 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common cause of all intraocular pediatric malignancies. It is caused by the loss of RB1 tumor suppressor gene function, although some tumors occur due to MYCN oncogene amplification with normal RB1 genes. Nearly half of all retinoblastomas occur due to a hereditary germline RB1 pathogenic variant, most of which manifest with bilateral tumors. This germline RB1 mutation also predisposes to intracranial midline embryonal tumors. Accurate staging of retinoblastoma is crucial in providing optimal vision-, eye-, and life-saving treatment. The AJCC Cancer Staging Manual has undergone significant changes, resulting in a universally accepted system with a multidisciplinary approach for managing retinoblastoma. The authors discuss the role of MRI and other diagnostic imaging techniques in the pretreatment assessment and staging of retinoblastoma. A thorough overview of the prevailing imaging standards and evidence-based perspectives on the benefits and drawbacks of these techniques is provided. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Test Your Knowledge questions for this article are available in the supplemental material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Pai
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Prakash Muthusami
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Birgit Ertl-Wagner
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Manohar M Shroff
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Carmen Parra-Fariñas
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Kanchan Sainani
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Stephanie Kletke
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Marie-Anne Brundler
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
| | - Ashwin Mallipatna
- From the Divisions of Neuroradiology (V.P., P.M., B.E.W., M.M.S., C.P.F.) and Image Guided Therapy (P.M., M.M.S., C.P.F.), Department of Diagnostic Imaging, and Retinoblastoma Program, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences (K.S., S.K., A.M.), The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), University of Toronto, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X8; and Department of Pathology and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (M.A.B.)
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Hu X, Zhang D, Huang L, Zeng Z, Su Y, Chen S, Lin X, Hong S. Construction of a Functional Nucleic Acid-Based Artificial Vesicle-Encapsulated Composite Nanoparticle and Its Application in Retinoblastoma-Targeted Theranostics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1830-1842. [PMID: 38408449 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an aggressive tumor of the infant retina. However, the ineffective targeting of its theranostic agents results in poor imaging and therapeutic efficacy, which makes it difficult to identify and treat RB at an early stage. In order to improve the imaging and therapeutic efficacy, we constructed an RB-targeted artificial vesicle composite nanoparticle. In this study, the MnO2 nanosponge (hMNs) was used as the core to absorb two fluorophore-modified DNAzymes to form the Dual/hMNs nanoparticle; after loaded with the artificial vesicle derived from human red blood cells, the RB-targeted DNA aptamers were modified on the surface, thus forming the Apt-EG@Dual/hMNs complex nanoparticle. The DNA aptamer endows this nanoparticle to target the nucleolin-overexpressed RB cell membrane specifically and enters cells via endocytosis. The nanoparticle could release fluorophore-modified DNAzymes and supplies Mn2+ as a DNAzyme cofactor and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent. Subsequently, the DNAzymes can target two different mRNAs, thereby realizing fluorescence/MR bimodal imaging and dual-gene therapy. This study is expected to provide a reliable and valuable basis for ocular tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Hu
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Linjie Huang
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Zheng Zeng
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Yina Su
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Xiahui Lin
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Shanni Hong
- School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
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Abramson DH, Robbins MA, Gobin YP, Dunkel IJ, Francis JH. Circulating Tumor DNA Posttreatment Measurements and Clinical Correlates in Retinoblastoma. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:257-261. [PMID: 38300595 PMCID: PMC10835605 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Importance Plasma measurements of RB1 circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after completion of treatment may be associated with the development of metastases in patients with retinoblastoma. Objective To determine if the absence of previously detectable plasma ctDNA is associated with metastasis-free survival in patients with a minimum of 1 year follow-up after treatment of retinoblastoma. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study was conducted from June 2019 to September 2023. Patients with retinoblastoma who had measurable ctDNA levels at diagnosis and had repeated ctDNA measurements after ocular treatment (enucleation or intra-arterial chemotherapy) with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up (mean [SD], 28.2 [10.3] months) were included in the study. Patients were recruited from a single-center, tertiary cancer hospital. Exposure Memorial Sloan Kettering's New York State-approved gene test, which interrogates 129 known cancer genes (called ACCESS), was performed on plasma samples before and after ocular treatments. All exons of the RB1 gene are included in the test and listed as ctDNA in this article. Main Outcomes and Measures Plasma ctDNA level before treatment, after completion of ocular treatment, and development or absence of metastases. Results A total of 24 patients (mean [SD] age, 20.7 [17.1] months; 15 female [62.5%]) were included in the study. None of the 23 patients who had a measurable ctDNA level and then no detectable ctDNA level after completion of ocular treatment developed metastases with a minimum of 1 year of follow-up. One patient had persistent measurable ctDNA after initial treatment and developed metastases. Conclusion and Relevance Patients with retinoblastoma who had a measurable ctDNA level at diagnosis did not develop metastases if the plasma ctDNA level became unrecordable after ocular treatment; 1 patient who had persistent measurable ctDNA after treatment did develop metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa A. Robbins
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Y. Pierre Gobin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Ira J. Dunkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jasmine H. Francis
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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11
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Khade OS, Sasidharan S, Jain A, Maradani BS, Chatterjee A, Gopal D, Ravi Kumar RK, Krishnakumar S, Pandey A, Janakiraman N, Elchuri SV, Gundimeda S. Identification of dysregulation of sphingolipids in retinoblastoma using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109798. [PMID: 38246332 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare ocular cancer seen in children that counts for approximately 3% of all childhood cancers. It is found that mutation in RB1, a tumour Suppressor Gene on chromosome 13 as the cause of malignancy. Retinoblastoma protein is the target for ceramide to cause apoptosis. We studied lipidomics of two RB cell lines, one aggressive cell line (NCC-RbC-51) derived from a metastatic site and one non aggressive cell line (WERI-Rb1) in comparison with a control cell line (MIO-M1). Lipid profiles of all the cell lines were studied using high resolution mass spectrometer coupled to high performance liquid chromatography. Data acquired from all the three cell lines in positive mode were analyzed to identify differentially expressed metabolites. Several phospholipids and lysophospholipids were found to be dysregulated. We observed upregulation of hexosyl ceramides, and down regulation of dihydroceramides and higher order sphingoglycolipids hinting at a hindered sphingolipid biosynthesis. The results obtained from liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are validated by using qPCR and it was observed that genes involved in ceramide biosynthesis pathway are getting down regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omkar Surendra Khade
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sruthy Sasidharan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankit Jain
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Amit Chatterjee
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Divya Gopal
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | | | - Subramaniyan Krishnakumar
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India; Department of Histopathology, Radheshyam Stem Cell Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Centre for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Narayanan Janakiraman
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Sailaja V Elchuri
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India.
| | - Seetaramanjaneyulu Gundimeda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Bangalore, Karnataka, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
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12
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Wang J, Zhang C, Zhang L, Yao HJ, Liu X, Shi Y, Zhao J, Bo X, Chen H, Li L. Comparative study on genomic and epigenomic profiles of retinoblastoma or tuberous sclerosis complex via nanopore sequencing and a joint screening framework. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:439-453. [PMID: 38146007 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence and extraocular metastasis in advanced intraocular retinoblastoma (RB) are still major obstacles for successful treatment of Chinese children. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a very rare, multisystemic genetic disorder characterized by hamartomatous growth. In this study, we aimed to compare genomic and epigenomic profiles with human RB or TSC using recently developed nanopore sequencing, and to identify disease-associated variations or genes. Peripheral blood samples were collected from either RB or RB/TSC patients plus their normal siblings, followed by nanopore sequencing and identification of disease-specific structural variations (SVs) and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) by a systematic biology strategy named as multiomics-based joint screening framework. In total, 316 RB- and 1295 TSC-unique SVs were identified, as well as 1072 RB- and 1114 TSC-associated DMRs, respectively. We eventually identified 6 key genes for RB for further functional validation. Knockdown of CDK19 with specific siRNAs significantly inhibited Y79 cellular proliferation and increased sensitivity to carboplatin, whereas downregulation of AHNAK2 promoted the cell growth as well as drug resistance. Those two genes might serve as potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets of RB. The systematic biology strategy combined with functional validation might be an effective approach for rare pediatric malignances with limited samples and challenging collection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.5 BeiXianGe St., Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuchen Shi
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No.5 Haiyuncang, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China
| | - Hebing Chen
- Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Department of Oncology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC), NO.1 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
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13
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Pi X, Zhang Q, Wang X, Jiang F. Retinoblastoma and polydactyly in a child with 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype-A case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2414. [PMID: 38465842 PMCID: PMC10926652 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, originating from primitive retinal stem cells or cone precursor cells. It can be triggered by mutations of the RB1 gene or amplification of the MYCN gene. Rb may rarely present with polydactyly. METHODS We conducted karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing on the infant proband and his family. The clinical course and laboratory results of the proband's infant were documented and collected. We also reviewed the relevant literature. RESULTS A 68-day-old boy presented with preaxial polydactyly and corneal edema. His intraocular pressure (IOP) was 40/19 mmHg, and color Doppler imaging revealed vitreous solid mass-occupying lesions with calcification in the right eye. Ocular CT showed flaky high-density and calcification in the right eye. This was classified as an International Retinoblastoma Staging System group E retinoblastoma with an indication for enucleation. Enucleation and orbital implantation were performed on the child's right eye. Karyotype analysis revealed an abnormal 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype, and the mother exhibited diploidy of the short arm of chromosome 15. The Alx-4 development factor, 13q deletion syndrome, and the PAPA2 gene have been reported as potential mechanisms for Rb combined with polydactyly. CONCLUSION We report the case of a baby boy with Rb and polydactyly exhibiting a 46, XY, 15pstk+ Karyotype. We discuss potential genetic factors related to both Rb and polydactyly. Furthermore, there is a need for further exploration into the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms in Rb with polydactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Pi
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fagang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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14
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Luo Y, Xu M, Yang L, Yao Y, Berry JL, Xu L, Wen X, He X, Han M, Fan X, Fan J, Jia R. Correlating somatic copy number alteration in aqueous humour cfDNA with chemotherapy history, eye salvage and pathological features in retinoblastoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:449-456. [PMID: 36931696 PMCID: PMC10505245 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThis study determined to probe the potential association between somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) in retinoblastoma (RB) aqueous humour (AH) and pathological high-risk factors, clinical features and previous chemotherapy history. METHODS Single-centre retrospective cohort study from including 58 AH samples collected from 58 patients diagnosed. Among them, 41 samples were collected after enucleation and 17 samples were collected before intravitreal chemotherapy. SCNAs were accessed by conducting shallow whole-genome sequencing in cell-free (cf) DNA of AH. HRs and ORs were applied to measure risk factors. RESULTS Canonical RB SCNAs including 1q gain (87%), 2p gain (50%), 6p gain (76%), 16q loss (69%) were frequently detected. Non-classical RB SCNAs in AH including 17q gain (53%), 19q loss (43%), 7q gain (35%) were also commonly observed. 19q loss was significantly more common in patients with cT3c or worse stage than others (p=0.034). 2p gain(p=0.001) and 7q gain(p=0.001) were both more common in patients with primary enucleation than those with previous chemotherapy. Interestingly, both 2p gain (HR=1.933, p=0.027) and 7q gain (HR=2.394, p=0.005) might predict enucleation. Correlation analysis with pathological features among enucleated eyes showed that 19q loss can predict a higher risk for both massive choroid invasion (OR=4.909, p=0.038) and postlaminar optic nerve invasion (OR=4.250, p=0.043). DISCUSSION Sequencing of AH cfDNA in RB can provide sufficient in vivo information. 19q loss was a potential signature of advanced cases clinically and pathologically.Repeated sampling from eyes receiving sequential chemotherapy should be conducted to evaluate fluctuation of SCNA in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingpeng Xu
- Department of ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jesse L Berry
- USC Roski Eye Institute,Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Liya Xu
- Vision Center at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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15
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Jansen RW, Roohollahi K, Uner OE, de Jong Y, de Bloeme CM, Göricke S, Sirin S, Maeder P, Galluzzi P, Brisse HJ, Cardoen L, Castelijns JA, van der Valk P, Moll AC, Grossniklaus H, Hubbard GB, de Jong MC, Dorsman J, de Graaf P. Correlation of gene expression with magnetic resonance imaging features of retinoblastoma: a multi-center radiogenomics validation study. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:863-872. [PMID: 37615761 PMCID: PMC10853293 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10054-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate associations between MRI features and gene expression profiles in retinoblastoma, thereby evaluating the repeatability of radiogenomics in retinoblastoma. METHODS In this retrospective multicenter cohort study, retinoblastoma patients with gene expression data and MRI were included. MRI features (scored blinded for clinical data) and matched genome-wide gene expression data were used to perform radiogenomic analysis. Expression data from each center were first separately processed and analyzed. The end product normalized expression values from different sites were subsequently merged by their Z-score to permit cross-sites validation analysis. The MRI features were non-parametrically correlated with expression of photoreceptorness (radiogenomic analysis), a gene expression signature informing on disease progression. Outcomes were compared to outcomes in a previous described cohort. RESULTS Thirty-six retinoblastoma patients were included, 15 were female (42%), and mean age was 24 (SD 18) months. Similar to the prior evaluation, this validation study showed that low photoreceptorness gene expression was associated with advanced stage imaging features. Validated imaging features associated with low photoreceptorness were multifocality, a tumor encompassing the entire retina or entire globe, and a diffuse growth pattern (all p < 0.05). There were a number of radiogenomic associations that were also not validated. CONCLUSIONS A part of the radiogenomic associations could not be validated, underlining the importance of validation studies. Nevertheless, cross-center validation of imaging features associated with photoreceptorness gene expression highlighted the capability radiogenomics to non-invasively inform on molecular subtypes in retinoblastoma. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Radiogenomics may serve as a surrogate for molecular subtyping based on histopathology material in an era of eye-sparing retinoblastoma treatment strategies. KEY POINTS • Since retinoblastoma is increasingly treated using eye-sparing methods, MRI features informing on molecular subtypes that do not rely on histopathology material are important. • A part of the associations between retinoblastoma MRI features and gene expression profiles (radiogenomics) were validated. • Radiogenomics could be a non-invasive technique providing information on the molecular make-up of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin W Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Khashayar Roohollahi
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oncogenetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ogul E Uner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
- Emory Eye Center, Ocular Oncology Service, Atlanta, USA
| | - Yvonne de Jong
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christiaan M de Bloeme
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Selma Sirin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Maeder
- Department of Radiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Jonas A Castelijns
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette C Moll
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marcus C de Jong
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine Dorsman
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Oncogenetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Zhang HL, Li N, Dong L, Ma HX, Yang MC. Prox1 Suppresses Proliferation and Drug Resistance of Retinoblastoma Cells via Targeting Notch1. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:223-231. [PMID: 38277016 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinoblastoma (RB) is a prevalent type of eye cancer in youngsters. Prospero homeobox 1 (Prox1) is a homeobox transcriptional repressor and downstream target of the proneural gene that is relevant in lymphatic, hepatocyte, pancreatic, heart, lens, retinal, and cancer cells. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of Prox1 in RB cell proliferation and drug resistance, as well as to explore the underlying Notch1 mechanism. METHODS Human RB cell lines (SO-RB50 and Y79) and a primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cell line (ACBRI-181) were used in this study. The expression of Prox1 and Notch1 mRNA and protein in RB cells was detected using quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed after Prox1 overexpression using the Cell Counting Kit-8 and the MTS assay. Drug-resistant cell lines (SO-RB50/vincristine) were generated and treated with Prox1 to investigate the role of Prox1 in drug resistance. We employed pcDNA-Notch1 to overexpress Notch1 to confirm the role of Notch1 in the protective function of Prox1. Finally, a xenograft model was constructed to assess the effect of Prox1 on RB in vivo. RESULTS Prox1 was significantly downregulated in RB cells. Overexpression of Prox1 effectively decreased RB cell growth while increasing the sensitivity of drug-resistant cells to vincristine. Notch1 was involved in Prox1's regulatory effects. Notch1 was identified as a target gene of Prox1, which was found to be upregulated in RB cells and repressed by increased Prox1 expression. When pcDNA-Notch1 was transfected, the effect of Prox1 overexpression on RB was removed. Furthermore, by downregulating Notch1, Prox1 overexpression slowed tumor development and increased vincristine sensitivity in vivo. CONCLUSION These data show that Prox1 decreased RB cell proliferation and drug resistance by targeting Notch1, implying that Prox1 could be a potential therapeutic target for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hong-Xia Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Mo-Chi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Wang Z, Liang X, Yi G, Wu T, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Fu M. Bioinformatics analysis proposes a possible role for long noncoding RNA MIR17HG in retinoblastoma. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2024; 7:e1933. [PMID: 38321787 PMCID: PMC10864729 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common prevalent intraocular malignancy among infants and children, particularly in underdeveloped countries. With advancements in genomics and transcriptomics, noncoding RNAs have been increasingly utilized to investigate the molecular pathology of diverse diseases. AIMS This study aims to establish the competing endogenous RNAs network associated with RB, analyse the function of mRNAs and lncRNAs, and finds the relevant regulatory network. METHODS AND RESULTS This study establishes a network of competing endogenous RNAs by Spearman correlation analysis and prediction based on RB patients and healthy children. Enrichment analyzes based on Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes are conducted to analyze the potential biological functions of lncRNA and mRNA networks. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is employed to identify gene cluster modules exhibiting the strongest correlation with RB. The results indicate a significant correlation between the lncRNA MIR17HG (R = .73, p = .02) and the RB phenotype. ceRNA networks reveal downstream miRNAs (hsa-mir-425-5p and hsa-mir455-5p) and mRNAs (MDM2, IPO11, and ITGA1) associated with MIR17Hg. As an inhibitor of the p53 signaling pathway, MDM2 can suppress the development of RB. CONCLUSION In conclusion, lncRNAs play a role in RB, and the MIR17HG/hsa-mir-425-5p/MDM2 pathway may contribute to RB development by inhibiting the p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Wang
- The Second Clinical Medicine SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaotian Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Guoguo Yi
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Tong Wu
- The First Clinical Medicine SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yuxin Sun
- The Second Clinical Medicine SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Ziran Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medicine SchoolSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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18
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Eiger-Moscovich M, Ruben M, Dockery PW, Yaghy A, Shields CL. Familial retinoblastoma: variations in clinical presentation and management based on paternal versus maternal inheritance. J AAPOS 2024; 28:103804. [PMID: 38218546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the effect of parent-of-origin on retinoblastoma penetrance. The purpose of the current study was to assess differences in clinical presentation of paternally versus maternally inherited retinoblastoma. METHODS The clinical records of all children with familial retinoblastoma treated on a tertiary Ocular Oncology Service between December 1975 and May 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS A total of 179 patients with familial retinoblastoma were included. Paternal inheritance (PI) was identified in 109 (61%) patients and maternal inheritance (MI) in 70 patients (39%). A comparison (PI vs MI) revealed PI patients were older at presentation (57.2 vs 24.4 months [P = 0.002]) with no difference in patient sex (53% females vs 57% males [P = 0.606]) or number of family members affected (3.2 vs 3.0 family members [P = 0.255]). PI patients had more advanced classification according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) (group E: 31% vs 8% [P = 0.012)] and greater largest tumor in basal diameter (9.0 vs 6.2 mm [P = 0.040]) and thickness (5.6 vs 4.0 mm [P = 0.038]); they were also less likely to be located in the macula (40% vs 60% [P = 0.004]). There was no difference in tumor laterality (69% vs 64% bilaterality [P = 0.530]). PI patients required enucleation more frequently (34% vs 14% [P = 0.007]). There was no difference in need for plaque radiotherapy (P = 0.86) or chemotherapy (P = 0.85). One PI patient developed metastatic retinoblastoma, and there were no retinoblastoma-related deaths. CONCLUSIONS Patients with paternally inherited retinoblastoma presented at an older age, with larger, more peripheral tumors and more advanced ICRB group, and were more likely to require enucleation compared to those with maternally inherited retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Eiger-Moscovich
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Kalman Ya'akov Man St, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Megan Ruben
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Philip W Dockery
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Antonio Yaghy
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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19
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Tripathy D, Moulin A, Bijon J, Gengler C, Beck-Popovic M, Munier FL, Stathopoulos C. When the second comes first- rhabdomyosarcoma preceding heritable retinoblastoma- a case report. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38291358 PMCID: PMC10826275 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (rb) is the most frequent intraocular tumor, accounting for 3% of all childhood cancers. Heritable rb survivors are germline carriers for an RB1 mutation and have a lifelong risk to develop non-ocular second primary tumors (SPTs) involving multiple other organs like the bones, soft tissues, or skin. These SPTs usually become manifest several years succeeding the diagnosis of rb. In our instance, however, a non-ocular SPT presented prior to the diagnosis of heritable rb. CASE PRESENTATION We report a rare case of a monozygotic twin who presented with primary rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) preceding the manifestation of heritable rb. The rb was diagnosed when the child developed strabismus while already on therapy for the RMS. The child underwent therapy for both as per defined treatment protocols. The rb regressed well on treatment, but the RMS relapsed and the child developed multiple refractory metastatic foci and succumbed to his disease. CONCLUSIONS Non-ocular SPTs like sarcomas are usually known to manifest in heritable rb survivors with a lag of two to three decades (earlier if exposure to radiation is present) from the presentation of the rb. However, in our case, this seemed to be reversed with the RMS being manifest at an unusual early age and the rb being diagnosed at a later point in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjyoti Tripathy
- LV Prasad Eye Institute, MTC Campus, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Bijon
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Gengler
- Unit of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maja Beck-Popovic
- Unit of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francis L Munier
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christina Stathopoulos
- Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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20
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Brown NA, Rao RC, Betz BL. Cell-Free DNA Extraction of Vitreous and Aqueous Humor Specimens for Diagnosis and Monitoring of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma. J Vis Exp 2024. [PMID: 38284545 DOI: 10.3791/65708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) represents an aggressive lymphoma, often categorized as primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To diagnose VRL, specimens such as vitreous humor and, more recently, aqueous humor are collected. Diagnostic testing for VRL on these specimens includes cytology, flow cytometry, and molecular testing. However, both cytopathology and flow cytometry, along with molecular testing using cellular DNA, necessitate intact whole cells. The challenge lies in the fact that vitreous and aqueous humor typically have low cellularity, and many cells get destroyed during collection, storage, and processing. Moreover, these specimens pose additional difficulties for molecular testing due to the high viscosity of vitreous humor and the low volume of both vitreous and aqueous humor. This study proposes a method for extracting cell-free DNA from vitreous and aqueous specimens. This approach complements the extraction of cellular DNA or allows the cellular component of these specimens to be utilized for other diagnostic methods, including cytology and flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor;
| | - Rajesh C Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Center of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Section of Ophthalmology, Surgery Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System
| | - Bryan L Betz
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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21
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Liu Y, Hu W, Xie Y, Tang J, Ma H, Li J, Nie J, Wang Y, Gao Y, Cheng C, Li C, Ma Y, Su S, Zhang Z, Bao Y, Ren Y, Wang X, Sun F, Li S, Lu R. Single-cell transcriptomics enable the characterization of local extension in retinoblastoma. Commun Biol 2024; 7:11. [PMID: 38172218 PMCID: PMC10764716 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most prevalent ocular tumor of childhood, and its extraocular invasion significantly increases the risk of metastasis. Nevertheless, a single-cell characterization of RB local extension has been lacking. Here, we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on four RB samples (two from intraocular and two from extraocular RB patients), and integrate public datasets of five normal retina samples, four intraocular samples, and three extraocular RB samples to characterize RB local extension at the single-cell level. A total of 128,454 qualified cells are obtained in nine major cell types. Copy number variation inference reveals chromosome 6p amplification in cells derived from extraocular RB samples. In cellular heterogeneity analysis, we identified 10, 8, and 7 cell subpopulations in cone precursor like cells, retinoma like cells, and MKI67+ photoreceptorness decreased (MKI67+ PhrD) cells, respectively. A high expression level of SOX4 was detected in cells from extraocular samples, especially in MKI67+ PhrD cells, which was verified in additional clinical RB samples. These results suggest that SOX4 might drive RB local extension. Our study presents a single-cell transcriptomic landscape of intraocular and extraocular RB samples, improving our understanding of RB local extension at the single-cell resolution and providing potential therapeutic targets for RB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuekun Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengli Li
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 201620, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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Muniyandi A, Jensen NR, Devanathan N, Dimaras H, Corson TW. The Potential of Aqueous Humor Sampling in Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:18. [PMID: 38180770 PMCID: PMC10774694 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare malignant tumor that arises in the developing retina in one or both eyes of children. Pathogenic variants of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene drive the majority of germline and sporadic RB tumors. Considering the risk of tumor spread, the biopsy of RB tumor tissue is contraindicated. Advancement of chemotherapy has led to preservation of more eye globes. However, this has reduced access to tumor material from enucleation specimens. Recently, liquid biopsy of aqueous humor (AH) has advanced the RB tumor- or eye-specific genetic analysis. In particular, nucleic acid analysis of AH demonstrates the genomic copy number profiles and RB1 pathogenic variants akin to that of enucleated RB eye tissue. This advance reduces the previous limitation that genetic assessment of the primary tumor could be done only after enucleation of the eye. Additionally, nucleic acid evaluation of AH allows the exploration of the genomic landscape of RB tumors at diagnosis and during and after treatment. This review explores how AH sampling and AH nucleic acid analysis in RB patients assist in diagnosis, prognosis, and comprehending the pathophysiology of RB, which will ultimately benefit individualized treatment decisions to carefully manage this ocular cancer in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbukkarasi Muniyandi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Nathan R. Jensen
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Nirupama Devanathan
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Helen Dimaras
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Division of Clinical Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy W. Corson
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Tang J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ren Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li J, Gao Y, Li C, Cheng C, Su S, Chen S, Zhang P, Lu R. Heterogeneous Expression Patterns of the Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Members in Retinoblastoma Unveil Its Clinical Significance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:31. [PMID: 38231525 PMCID: PMC10795548 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the expression patterns and clinical significance of minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex members in retinoblastoma (RB). Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from five normal retina, six intraocular, and five extraocular RB samples were integrated to characterize the expression patterns of MCM complex members at the single-cell level. Western blot and quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of MCM complex members in RB cell lines. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to validate the expression of MCM complex members in RB patient samples and a RB mouse model. Results The expression of MCM2-7 is increased in RB tissue, with MCM2/3/7 showing particularly higher levels in extraocular RB. MCM3/7 are abundantly detected in cell types associated with oncogenesis. Both mRNA and protein levels of MCM3/4/6/7 are increased in RB cell lines. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed the elevated expression of MCM3 in extraocular RB, with MCM6 being the most abundantly expressed MCM in RB. Conclusions The distinct MCM expression patterns across various RB cell types suggest diverse functional roles, offering valuable insights for targeted therapeutic strategies. The upregulation of MCM3, MCM4, MCM6, and MCM7 in RB, with a specific emphasis on MCM6 as a notable marker, highlights their potential significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicai Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Shatskikh AV, Yarovoy AA, Gorshkov IM, Gorodetskaya YB. [Morphological features of vasoproliferative tumor of the retina]. Arkh Patol 2024; 86:42-50. [PMID: 38591906 DOI: 10.17116/patol20248602142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Vasoproliferative retinal tumor (VPT) is a term proposed by ophthalmologists in relation to the totality of manifestations of an intraocular volumetric process with involvement of the inner lining of the eye, an integral part of which is the active growth of blood vessels. The available literature data on the morphology of this process are very contradictory and ambiguous. The article presents two clinical cases of vasoproliferative retinal tumor with own illustration of morphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Shatskikh
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Yarovoy
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - I M Gorshkov
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu B Gorodetskaya
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Erdoğan ÖŞ, Ödemiş DA, Kayım ZY, Gürbüz O, Tunçer ŞB, Kılıç S, Çelik B, Tuncer S, Bay SB, Kebudi R, Yazıcı H. Investigation of the methylation changes in the promoter region of RB1 gene in retinoblastoma: Unraveling the epigenetic puzzle in retinoblastoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154939. [PMID: 38006838 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is an infrequent neoplasm that arises during childhood from retinal nerve cells and is attributed to the biallelic inactivation of the RB1 gene. In conjunction with anatomical anomalies, it is widely acknowledged that epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cancer. The association between methylation of the RB1 gene promoter and tumor formation has been established; however, there is currently no scholarly evidence to substantiate the claim that it is responsible for the inheritance of retinoblastoma. The initial hypothesis posited for this work was that familial retinoblastoma disease would be similarly observed in cases with RB1 promotor gene methylation, akin to RB1 mutations. The RB1 gene promoter region was subjected to methylation screening using real-time PCR in individuals diagnosed with familial retinoblastoma but lacking RB1 mutations. The study involved a comparison of the germline methylation status of the RB1 gene in the peripheral blood samples of 50 retinoblastoma patients and 52 healthy individuals. The healthy individuals were carefully selected to match the retinoblastoma patients in terms of age, sex, and ethnicity. The data obtained from both groups were subjected to statistical analysis. The study revealed that the methylation level in a cohort of 50 individuals diagnosed with retinoblastoma and 52 healthy control participants was determined to be 36.1% and 33.9%, respectively. As a result, there was no statistically significant disparity observed in RB1 promoter methylation between the patient and control groups (p = 0.126). The methylation of the promoter region of the RB1 gene in familial retinoblastoma does not exert any influence on the hereditary transmission of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Şükrüoğlu Erdoğan
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Demet Akdeniz Ödemiş
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zübeyde Yalnız Kayım
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Orkun Gürbüz
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; İstinye University, Vocational School of Health Care Services
| | - Şeref Buğra Tunçer
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seda Kılıç
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Çelik
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samuray Tuncer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Büyükkapu Bay
- Department of Pediatric and Hematologic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rejin Kebudi
- Department of Pediatric and Hematologic Oncology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hülya Yazıcı
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey; Arel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences / Medical Biology
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Gao Y, Du P. miR-4529-3p Promotes the Progression of Retinoblastoma by Inhibiting RB1 Expression and Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:102-111. [PMID: 37041423 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant ocular cancer that affects children. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in RB regulation. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-4529-3p in RB pathogenesis. Scratch, Transwell, and Cell Counting Kit (CCK)-8 assays were conducted to assess the migratory, invasive, and proliferative abilities of RB cells. The expression levels of miR-4529-3p, RB1, and ERK pathway-related proteins were analyzed using western blotting and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Target relationships were verified using dual-luciferase reporter experiments. A murine RB model was developed to analyze the effects of miR-4529-3p on RB tumor growth in vivo. Our experiments revealed high levels of miR-4529-3p and low levels of RB1 in RB tissues. Functional analyses revealed that the migratory, invasive, and proliferative abilities of RB cells were repressed by miR-4529-3p inhibition. Similarly, p-ERK 1/2 protein levels were suppressed by miR-4529-3p inhibition. Furthermore, downregulation of miR-4529-3p limited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-4259-3p targets RB1. Interestingly, RB1 silencing abrogated the alleviative effects of miR-4529-3p downregulation in RB cells. MiR-4529-3p promotes RB progression by inhibiting RB1 and activating the ERK pathway. This evidence suggests that the miR-4529-3p/RB1 regulatory axis may be a prospective target for RB treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, No. 215, Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Pei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, No. 215, Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
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Chen J, Zeng B. METTL14-Mediated m6a Modification of CDKN2A Promotes the Development of Retinoblastoma by Inhibiting the p53 Pathway. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:89-98. [PMID: 38421707 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023052059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase subunit (METTL14) and Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) have been identified as involved in the regulation of various cancer progression, while their mechanism and regulatory effect in retinoblastoma (RB) is still unclear. Cell colony formation, CCK-8 as well as Western blotting were used to evaluate the proliferation, apoptosis as well as p53 protein level of RB cell line. The METTL14 and CDKN2A levels were detected by qRT-PCR or Western blotting when METTL14 was up-regulated or CDKN2A was down-regulated. MeRIP and Pearson analysis were performed to confirm the regulatory relationship between METTL14 among CDKN2A. We found that the levels of CDKN2A and METTL14 were abundant in RB samples, as well as RB cells. METTL14 enhances N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of CDKN2A to upregulate its mRNA and protein levels. The proliferation of RB cells can be inhibited by silencing CDKN2A, which promotes apoptosis and p53 protein level. Furthermore, high-expression of METTL14 eliminated the anti-tumor effect of CDKN2A silencing in RB progression in vitro. CDKN2A is mediated by METTL14-m6A modified and restrains p53 pathway activation to accelerate the malignancy of RB. This points to the METTL14-m6A-CDKN2A-p53 pathway axis as a possible prospective target for the future RB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Theater General Hospital, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Central Theater General Hospital
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Le Gall J, Dehainault C, Boutte M, Petitalot A, Caputo SM, Courtois L, Vacher S, Bieche I, Radvanyi F, Pacquement H, Doz F, Lumbroso-Le Rouic L, Gauthier Villars M, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Lallemand F, Houdayer C, Golmard L. Germline HPF1 retrogene insertion in RB1 gene involved in cancer predisposition. J Med Genet 2023; 61:78-83. [PMID: 37541786 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
About half of the human genome is composed of repeated sequences derived from mobile elements, mainly retrotransposons, generally without pathogenic effect. Familial forms of retinoblastoma are caused by germline pathogenic variants in RB1 gene. Here, we describe a family with retinoblastoma affecting a father and his son. No pathogenic variant was identified after DNA analysis of RB1 gene coding sequence and exon-intron junctions. However, RB1 mRNA analysis showed a chimeric transcript with insertion of 114 nucleotides from HPF1 gene inside RB1 gene. This chimeric transcript led to an insertion of 38 amino acids in functional domain of retinoblastoma protein. Subsequent DNA analysis in RB1 intron 17 revealed the presence of a full-length HPF1 retrogene insertion in opposite orientation. Functional assay shows that this insertion has a deleterious impact on retinoblastoma protein function. This is the first report of a full-length retrogene insertion involved in human Mendelian disease leading to a chimeric transcript and a non-functional chimeric protein. Some retrogene insertions may be missed by standard diagnostic genetic testing, so contribution of retrogene insertions to human disease may be underestimated. The increasing use of whole genome sequencing in diagnostic settings will help to get a more comprehensive view of retrogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Le Gall
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Dehainault
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Matteo Boutte
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Ambre Petitalot
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine M Caputo
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Laura Courtois
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
- Molecular Oncology Team, UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Pacquement
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
- Oncology Center SIREDO, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - François Doz
- Molecular Oncology Team, UMR144, Paris, France
- Oncology Center SIREDO, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Livia Lumbroso-Le Rouic
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gauthier Villars
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - François Lallemand
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Claude Houdayer
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital Centre Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lisa Golmard
- Department of Genetics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Genetics, PSL University, Paris, France
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Dockery PW, Ruben M, Duffner ER, Levin HJ, Lally SE, Shields JA, Shields CL. Likelihood of germline mutation with solitary retinoblastoma based on tumour location at presentation. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 108:131-136. [PMID: 36414256 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To evaluate the likelihood of germline mutation in patients presenting with solitary retinoblastoma based on tumour location at first examination. METHODS Retrospective analysis of solitary unilateral retinoblastoma for likelihood of germline mutation (family history of retinoblastoma and/or genetic testing indicating germline RB1 mutation and/or development of additional new or bilateral tumours) based on tumur location at presentation (macular vs extramacular). RESULTS Of 480 consecutive patients with solitary retinoblastoma, 85 were in the macula (18%) and 395 were extramacular (82%). By comparison (macular vs extramacular tumours), macular tumours had smaller basal diameter (12.7 mm vs 18.9 mm, p<0.001) and smaller tumour thickness (6.1 mm vs 10.7 mm, p<0.001). Patients with macular tumours demonstrated greater likelihood for germline mutation (23% vs 12%, OR=2.18, p=0.011), specifically based on family history of retinoblastoma (13% vs 2%, OR=4.64, p=0.004), genetic testing showing germline RB1 mutation (27% vs 15%, OR=2.04 (95% CI 1.04 to 4.01), p=0.039), development of new tumours (13% vs 3%, OR=5.16 (95% CI 2.06 to 12.87), p=0.001) and/or development of bilateral disease (9% vs 2%, OR=4.98 (95% CI 1.70 to 14.65), p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with solitary unilateral retinoblastoma, those presenting with macular tumour (compared with extramacular tumour) show 2.18 times greater likelihood for germline mutation and an even higher likelihood of development of subsequent tumours. Solitary macular retinoblastoma should raise an index of suspicion for likely germline mutation and multifocal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Dockery
- Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Ruben
- Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily R Duffner
- Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah J Levin
- Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sara E Lally
- Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jerry A Shields
- Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carol L Shields
- Wills Eye Hospital Ocular Oncology Service, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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30
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Wu W, Zhang Y, Yang M. Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Retinoblastoma. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 67:51-61. [PMID: 38109867 DOI: 10.1159/000535329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) accounts for 3% of all childhood cancers. It is the most common intraocular malignant tumor with a highly aggressive and metastatic phenotype. Gaining a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the proliferation, metastasis, migration, invasive apoptosis, and autophagy processes associated with this cancer would facilitate the design of therapeutic modalities and the identification of novel tumor markers. Recent investigations have shown the contribution of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the evolution of Rb. Several circRNAs, including circ_0000034, circ_0000527, circ_0075804, circ_0099198, circFAM158A, and circVAPA, promote the progression and metastasis of Rb. However, some circRNAs, such as circ_0001649, circMKLN1, and circTET1, play a tumor suppressive role. In this regard, circRNAs can regulate cancer-developing processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. This review summarizes the functional roles of circRNAs in Rb and their potential clinical applications for diagnosis and prognosis, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of circRNAs in the pathophysiology of Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youjing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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31
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Ma W, Ma B, Ma J, Zhu R. RB1 5́UTR contains an IRES related to cell cycle control and cancer progression. Gene 2023; 887:147724. [PMID: 37604323 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma gene1 (RB1) is the first tumor suppressor gene that stands as the guardian of the gate of the G1 period and plays a central role in proliferation and differentiation. However, no reports focused on the possible internal ribosome entry site (IRES) function of the RB1 gene flanking sequence. In this study, we constructed a bicistronic reporter with the RB1 5'untranslated region (5́UTR) inserted between two reporter coding regions. We found RB1 5'UTR harbors an IRES and has higher activity in cancer cell lines than normal cells. Besides, RB1 IRES acquired the highest activity in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, and the RB1 5'UTR mutation collected from retinoblastoma decreased IRES activity compared with RB1 5'UTR wild-type. These data indicated that RB1 IRES is a mechanism of stress regulation and is related to cell cycle control and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Ma
- Changzhou Capmus of Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213022, PR China
| | - Bei Ma
- Changzhou Capmus of Hohai University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province 213022, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Nanjing Kingsley Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210000, PR China
| | - Ruiyu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province 214122, PR China.
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32
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Zugbi S, Aschero R, Ganiewich D, Cancela MB, Winter U, Ottaviani D, Sampor C, Dinardi M, Torbidoni AV, Mena M, Balaguer-Lluna L, Lamas G, Sgroi M, Lagomarsino E, Lubieniecki F, Fandiño A, Radvanyi F, Abramson DH, Podhajcer O, Llera AS, Cafferata EG, Chantada G, Carcaboso AM, Schaiquevich P. Establishment and Comprehensive Characterization of a Novel Preclinical Platform of Metastatic Retinoblastoma for Therapeutic Developments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 38117242 PMCID: PMC10741097 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although there have been improvements in the management of metastatic retinoblastoma, most patients do not survive, and all patients suffer from multiple short- and long-term treatment toxicities. Reliable and informative models to assist clinicians are needed. Thus we developed and comprehensively characterized a novel preclinical platform of primary cell cultures and xenograft models of metastatic retinoblastoma to provide insights into the molecular biology underlying metastases and to perform drug screening for the identification of hit candidates with the highest potential for clinical translation. Methods Orbital tumor, bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid, and lymph node tumor infiltration specimens were obtained from seven patients with metastatic retinoblastoma at diagnosis, disease progression, or relapse. Tumor specimens were engrafted in immunodeficient animals, and primary cell lines were established. Genomic, immunohistochemical/immunocytochemical, and pharmacological analysis were performed. Results We successfully established five primary cell lines: two derived from leptomeningeal, two from orbital, and one from lymph node tumor dissemination. After the intravitreal or intraventricular inoculation of these cells, we established cell-derived xenograft models. Both primary cell lines and xenografts accurately retained the histological and genomic features of the tumors from which they were derived and faithfully recapitulated the dissemination patterns and pharmacological sensitivity observed in the matched patients. Conclusions Ours is an innovative and thoroughly characterized preclinical platform of metastatic retinoblastoma developed for the understanding of tumor biology of this highly aggressive tumor and has the potential to identify drug candidates to treat patients who currently lack effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Zugbi
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosario Aschero
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daiana Ganiewich
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Cancela
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ursula Winter
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Ottaviani
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Equipe Ligue contre le cancer, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Sampor
- Hematology-Oncology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milagros Dinardi
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana V. Torbidoni
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Mena
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leire Balaguer-Lluna
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Lamas
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Sgroi
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Lagomarsino
- Pharmacy Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- Pathology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Fandiño
- Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Equipe Ligue contre le cancer, Paris, France
| | - David H. Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Osvaldo Podhajcer
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea S. Llera
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo G. Cafferata
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Instituto Leloir – Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Chantada
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel M. Carcaboso
- SJD Pediatric Cancer Center Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Schaiquevich
- Innovative Treatments Unit, Hospital de Pediatría JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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33
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Wu L, Huang G, Hong H, Xu X, Lu X, Li J. MiR-452-5p facilitates retinoblastoma cell growth and invasion via the SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23501. [PMID: 37632310 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is an intraocular tumor in children. Accumulated evidence confirms that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert critical functions in RB. This research aimed to investigate the miR-452-5p function in RB. MiR-452-5p expressions in RB were tested with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MiR-452-5p functions in RB were evaluated via Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, and Transwell. MiR-452-5p mechanism in RB was assessed using bioinformatics software Starbase and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Meanwhile, miR-452-5p function in RB in vivo was examined by constructing tumor xenografts in nude mice, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot assays. MiR-452-5p was overexpressed in RB tissues and cells, and miR-452-5p expression was positively correlated with RB clinicopathology including the Largest tumor base (mm) and Differentiation. Functionally, miR-452-5p knockdown restrained RB cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and facilitated cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS3) knockdown restored the inhibitory effects of miR-452-5p knockdown on RB cells. Meanwhile, in vivo studies further corroborated that miR-452-5p knockdown reduced RB tumor growth, EMT, and accelerated apoptosis in vivo. Also, miR-452-5p knockdown increased SOCS3 protein levels, and decreased phosphorylated Janus kinase 2/Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in vivo. MiR-452-5p accelerated RB cell growth and invasion by SOCS3/JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiwei Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meizhou people's Hospital, Meizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhou Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou first Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, People's Republic of China
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Shi H, He X, Yang Z, Liao Q, Ruan J, Ge S, Chai P, Jia R, Fan J, Wen X, Fan X. The Use of rAAV2-RB1-Mediated Gene Therapy in Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:31. [PMID: 38133505 PMCID: PMC10746934 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinoblastoma (RB) is a life-threatening malignancy that arises from the retina and is activated upon homozygous inactivation of the tumor suppressor RB1. Gene therapy targeting RB1 is an effective strategy to treat RB. However, it is difficult to target the RB1 gene by site-specific repair, with up to 3366 gene mutation sites identified in RB1. Thus, it is necessary to construct a promising and efficacious gene therapeutic strategy for patients with RB. Methods To recover the function of the RB1 protein, we constructed a recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (rAAV2) expressing RB1 that can restore RB1 function and significantly inhibit RB progression. To confirm the clinical feasibility of rAAV2-RB1, the RB1 protein was validated in vitro and in vivo after transfection. To further evaluate the clinical efficacy, RB patient-derived xenograft models were established and applied. The biosafety of rAAV2-RB1 was also validated in immunocompetent mice. Results rAAV2-RB1 was a rAAV2 expressing the RB1 protein, which was validated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, rAAV2-RB1 was effectively expressed in patient-derived RB cells. In mice, intravitreal administration of rAAV2-RB1 in a population-based patient-derived xenograft trial induced limited tumor growth. Moreover, after transfection of rAAV2-RB1 in immunocompetent mice, rAAV2-RB1 did not replicate and was expressed in other important organs, except retinas, inducing minor local side effects. Conclusions Our study suggested a promising efficacy gene therapeutic strategy, which might provide a chemotherapy-independent treatment option for RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qili Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Kwak JJ, Lee KS, Lee J, Kim YJ, Choi EY, Byeon SH, Chang WS, Kim YR, Kim JS, Shin S, Lee ST, Kim SS, Lee CS. Next-Generation Sequencing of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma by Vitreous Liquid Biopsy: Diagnostic Potential and Genotype/Phenotype Correlation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 37975847 PMCID: PMC10664732 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.14.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the diagnostic potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in vitreous samples, analyze genotype-phenotype characteristics, and compare NGS of matched vitreous and brain samples in patients with associated central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL). Methods A total of 32 patients suspected of vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) who underwent diagnostic vitrectomy and NGS were included in this retrospective observational case-series. Fresh vitreous specimens from diagnostic vitrectomy of VRL-suspected patients underwent NGS using a custom panel targeting 747 candidate genes for lymphoma. They also underwent malignancy cytology, interleukin (IL)-10/IL-6, immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH)/immunoglobulin kappa light chain (IGK) monoclonality testing. MYD88 L265P mutation was examined from anterior chamber tap samples. The diagnosis of VRL was made based on typical clinical characteristics for VRL, as well as malignant cytology, IGH/IGK clonality, or IL-10/IL-6 > 1. Sensitivity and specificity of NGS were compared with conventional diagnostic tests. Brain tissues suspected of lymphoma were collected by stereotactic biopsy and underwent NGS. Genetic variations detected in NGS of vitreous and brain tissue specimens were compared. Results The sensitivity values for cytology, IL-10/IL-6 > 1, clonality assays for IGH and IGK, MYD88 L265P detection in anterior chamber tap samples, and vitreous NGS were 0.23, 0.83, 0.68, 0.79, 0.67, and 0.85, with specificity values of 1.00, 0.83, 0.50, 0.25, 0.83, and 0.83, respectively. The sensitivity (0.85) of vitreous NGS was the highest compared to other conventional diagnostic tests for VRL. The most common mutations were MYD88 (91%), CDKN2A (36%), PIM1 (32%), IGLL5 (27%), and ETV6 (23%). Although several gene alterations demonstrated heterogeneity between the brain and eyes, some common mutational profiles were observed in matched vitreous and brain samples. Conclusions Overall, NGS of the vitreous demonstrated high sensitivity among conventional diagnostic tests. VRL and CNSL appeared to have both shared and distinct genetic variations, which may suggest site-specific variations from a common origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Jiyong Kwak
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Seob Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junwon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Byeon
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seok Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Christopher Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Linh DNH, Van Huy N, Nguyen P, Le Thi P, Tuan HA, Van Nguyen T, Tran TH, Tran HA, Ta TD, Pham TLA, Bui T, Tran TH, Van Ta T, Tran V. Mutation spectrum of retinoblastoma patients in Vietnam. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2244. [PMID: 37548407 PMCID: PMC10655509 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB), an intraocular malignancy commonly diagnosed in children, is mostly caused by inactivating mutations of both alleles of the RB1 gene. Early genetic screening for RB1 gene mutations would greatly improve treatment outcomes and patient management. METHODS In this study, both somatic and germline mutations were detected in blood and tumour samples of 42 RB patients using direct sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. RESULTS In total, 34 different mutations were found in 36 patients, including 1 SNP, 4 large deletions, 5 splicing sites, 1 missense, 7 frameshifts and 17 nonsense mutations. There were five novel mutations and one unreported which have not been found in large databases such as Leiden Open Variation Database (LOVD) and ClinVar. CONCLUSION A higher rate of RB patients carrying heterozygous germline mutation and highly prevalent with pathogenic truncated mutation, hence, early detection of RB is essential for vision salvation and genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Nguyen Ha Linh
- Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
- National Institute of OphthalmologyHanoiVietnam
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thu Ha Tran
- National Institute of OphthalmologyHanoiVietnam
| | | | | | | | - The‐Hung Bui
- Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Genetics UnitKarolinska Institutet, Karolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Thinh Huy Tran
- Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
- Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
| | - Thanh Van Ta
- Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
- Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoiVietnam
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Babu VS, Mallipatna A, Dudeja G, Shetty R, Nair AP, Tun SBB, Ho CEH, Chaurasia SS, Bhattacharya SS, Verma NK, Lakshminarayanan R, Guha N, Heymans S, Barathi VA, Ghosh A. Depleted hexokinase1 and lack of AMPKα activation favor OXPHOS-dependent energetics in retinoblastoma tumors. Transl Res 2023; 261:41-56. [PMID: 37419277 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Lack of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein causes aggressive intraocular retinal tumors in children. Recently, Rb tumors have been shown to have a distinctly altered metabolic phenotype, such as reduced expression of glycolytic pathway proteins alongside altered pyruvate and fatty acid levels. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of hexokinase 1(HK1) in tumor cells rewires their metabolism allowing enhanced oxidative phosphorylation-dependent energy production. We show that rescuing HK1 or retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1) in these Rb cells reduced cancer hallmarks such as proliferation, invasion, and spheroid formation and increased their sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Induction of HK1 was accompanied by a metabolic shift of the cells to glycolysis and a reduction in mitochondrial mass. Cytoplasmic HK1 bound Liver Kinase B1 and phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase-α (AMPKα Thr172), thereby reducing mitochondria-dependent energy production. We validated these findings in tumor samples from Rb patients compared to age-matched healthy retinae. HK1 or RB1 expression in Rb-/- cells led to a reduction in their respiratory capacity and glycolytic proton flux. HK1 overexpression reduced tumor burden in an intraocular tumor xenograft model. AMPKα activation by AICAR also enhanced the tumoricidal effects of the chemotherapeutic drug topotecan in vivo. Therefore, enhancing HK1 or AMPKα activity can reprogram cancer metabolism and sensitize Rb tumors to lower doses of existing treatments, a potential therapeutic modality for Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Suresh Babu
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India; Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ashwin Mallipatna
- Retinoblastoma Service, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gagan Dudeja
- Retinoblastoma Service, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Shomi S Bhattacharya
- University College London, London, UK; GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Navin Kumar Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | | | - Nilanjan Guha
- Agilent Technologies India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; The Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.
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Xu P, Guo F, Xiao W, Wang Y, Ye K, Mao Y, Zhong X. Generation and characterization of two induced pluripotent stem cell lines from conjunctiva of a retinoblastoma patient. Stem Cell Res 2023; 72:103200. [PMID: 37708614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a common intraocular malignancy mostly caused by variation of the tumour suppressor gene RB1. In this study, we successfully generated two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from an infant with non-heritable RB. Both cell clones exhibited typical iPSC characteristics with normal karyotypes, consistent pluripotency markers expression and the capability of trilineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Fuying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ke Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuxiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiufeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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Zhong L, Meng X, Huang J, Hao W, Zuo Y. Expression of YAP suppresses cell proliferation and elevates the sensitivity of chemotherapy in retinoblastoma cells through lipid-peroxidation induced ferroptosis. Chin Clin Oncol 2023; 12:52. [PMID: 37964544 DOI: 10.21037/cco-23-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is a retinal cancer most commonly occurred in young children. Cisplatin and etoposide had been confirmed as chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of RB, even though the phenomenon of chemotherapeutic resistance has been occurring in clinical treatment frequently. RB has been reported to be a tumor with reduced expression of yes-associated protein (YAP). However, the role of YAP protein and its correlation with the chemotherapy effect in RB still remains unknown. METHODS Here we used human RB cell lines Y79 and RB3823 to construct YAP over-expression cell lines for exploring the specific role of YAP. In vitro, a series of techniques and methods were used to identify the biological role of YAP in RB, such as Agilent Seahorse assay, lipid peroxidation assay, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, flow cytometry apoptosis assay, and other basic experimental techniques, among others. RESULTS The cell growth and cytology experimental results found YAP can inhibit the proliferation of RB cells and promote their apoptosis (Y79 32.71% vs. 3.75%; RB3823 40.32% vs. 6.73%). The mitochondrial fuel flex test, lipid peroxide and ROS measurement confirmed that YAP over-expression could promote mitochondrial fatty-acids β-oxidation and lipid peroxidation in RB cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis for the expression of lipid peroxidation related factors imply that YAP over-expression caused ferroptosis in RB cell lines. In addition, YAP transcription specific activator PY-60 (10 µM) further improved the sensitivity of cisplatin/etoposide. CONCLUSIONS Our research results found the expression of YAP inhibits cell proliferation and promoted lipid peroxidation induced ferroptosis in RB. Interestingly, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation shows an increased fatty acid dependency and decreased glucose dependency. As a result, this phenomenon improved the sensitivity of RB to cisplatin/etoposide chemotherapy in vitro. Our finding provides a potential therapeutic target for RB chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhong
- Department of Premiere Medical Service Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Meng
- Department of Premiere Medical Service Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Premiere Medical Service Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Hao
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Zuo
- Department of Premiere Medical Service Center, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li X, Wang Y, Zhang B, Mao R, Wang Z, Jiang T, Song H. Hsa_circ_0119412 Contributes to Development of Retinoblastoma by Targeting miR-186-5p/ELK4 Axis. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1608-1618. [PMID: 36715861 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidences indicate the crucial role of circRNAs in tumorigenesis, but little is understood about their molecular mechanism in retinoblastoma (RB). This paper was designed for exploring the circ_0119412 function in cases with RB and the potential mechanism. RT-qPCR was utilized to ascertain circ_0119412 and miR-186-5p levels in RB tissues and cells, and western blotting was used to quantify ELK4 in RB cells. In addition, CCK-8 and scratch assays were carried out for evaluation of cell proliferation and migration, respectively. Apoptosis-related proteins levels (Bax and Bcl-2) were measure by western blotting. Tumor growth in vivo was detected utilizing xenograft tumor experiment. The targeting relationship between circ_0119412, miR-186-5p, and ELK4 was validated using a dual-luciferase reporter assay and an RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In RB tissues and cells, Circ_0119412 and ELK4 expression were upregulated, while miR-186-5p expression was downregulated. In vitro assay revealed that downregulating circ_0119412 accelerated the cell apoptosis of RB cells and slowed down their migration and proliferation, and the in vivo assay indicated that circ_0119412 downregulation reduced the weight and volume of tumor in nude mice. In addition, miR-186-5p interference promoted the malignant behavior of RB cells, while ELK4 silencing showed an opposite trend. Mechanically, circ_0119412 can promote RB malignant phenotypes via miR-186-5p/ELK4 axis. Circ_0119412 was found to be upregulated in RB, and could accelerate the progression of RB via the miR-186-5p/ELK4 axis, indicating circ_0119412 may serve a promising clinical therapeutic target of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Ophthalmology Department, Baicheng Central Hospital, No.111 Zhongxing West Road, Taobei District, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, Changchun Bokangming Eye Hospital, Changchun, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Baoying Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, Baicheng Central Hospital, No.111 Zhongxing West Road, Taobei District, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Ophthalmology Department, Baicheng Central Hospital, No.111 Zhongxing West Road, Taobei District, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China
| | - Zhongkui Wang
- Ophthalmology Department, Baicheng Central Hospital, No.111 Zhongxing West Road, Taobei District, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China
| | - Tingyu Jiang
- Ophthalmology Department, Baicheng Central Hospital, No.111 Zhongxing West Road, Taobei District, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China
| | - Haibin Song
- Ophthalmology Department, Baicheng Central Hospital, No.111 Zhongxing West Road, Taobei District, Baicheng, Jilin, 137000, China.
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Zeng Q, Wang S, Chen L, Wang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals molecularly distinct subtypes in retinoblastoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16475. [PMID: 37777551 PMCID: PMC10542806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy in children. Little is known on the molecular basis underlying the biological and clinical behavior of this cancer. Here, using gene expression profiles, we demonstrate the existence of two major retinoblastoma subtypes that can be divided into six subgroups. Subtype 1 has higher expression of cone related genes and higher percentage of RB1 germline mutation. By contrast, subtype 2 tumors harbor more genes with ganglion/neuronal features. The dedifferentiation in subtype 2 is associated with stemness features including low immune infiltration. Gene Otology analysis demonstrates that immune response regulations and visual related pathways are the key molecular difference between subtypes. Subtype 1b has the highest risk of invasiveness across all subtypes. The recognition of these molecular subtypes shed a light on the important biological and clinical perspectives for retinoblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zeng
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Sha Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinwei Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Akdeniz Odemis D, Kebudi R, Bayramova J, Kilic Erciyas S, Kuru Turkcan G, Tuncer SB, Sukruoglu Erdogan O, Celik B, Kurt Gultaslar B, Buyukkapu Bay S, Tuncer S, Yazici H. RB1 gene mutations and genetic spectrum in retinoblastoma cases. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35068. [PMID: 37682130 PMCID: PMC10489529 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency and types of mutations on the retinoblastoma gene (RB1 gene) in Turkish population. RB1 gene mutation analysis was performed in a total of 219 individuals (122 probands with retinoblastoma, 14 family members with retinoblastoma and 83 clinically healthy family members). All 27 exons and close intronic regions of the RB1 gene were sequenced for small deletions and insertions using both the Sanger sequencing or NGS methods, and the large deletions and duplications were investigated using the MLPA analysis and CNV algorithm. The bilateral/trilateral retinoblastoma rate was 66% in the study population. The general frequency of RB1 gene mutation in the germline of the patients with retinoblastoma was 41.9%. Approximately 51.5% of the patients were diagnosed earlier than 12 months old, and de novo mutation was found in 32.4% of the patients. Germline small genetic rearrangement mutations were detected in 78.9% of patients and LGRs were detected in 21.1% of patients. An association was detected between the eye color of the RB patients and RB1 mutations. 8 of the mutations detected in the RB1 gene were novel in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Akdeniz Odemis
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Rejin Kebudi
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Jamila Bayramova
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Seda Kilic Erciyas
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Gozde Kuru Turkcan
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Halic University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Seref Bugra Tuncer
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Sukruoglu Erdogan
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Betul Celik
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kurt Gultaslar
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sema Buyukkapu Bay
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Samuray Tuncer
- Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hulya Yazici
- Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Basic Oncology, Division of Cancer Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul Arel Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Byroju VV, Nadukkandy AS, Cordani M, Kumar LD. Retinoblastoma: present scenario and future challenges. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:226. [PMID: 37667345 PMCID: PMC10478474 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With an average incidence of 1 in every 18,000 live births, retinoblastoma is a rare type of intraocular tumour found to affect patients during their early childhood. It is curable if diagnosed at earlier stages but can become life-threateningly malignant if not treated timely. With no racial or gender predisposition, or even environmental factors known to have been involved in the incidence of the disease, retinoblastoma is often considered a clinical success story in pediatric oncology. The survival rate in highly developed countries is higher than 95% and they have achieved this because of the advancement in the development of diagnostics and treatment techniques. This includes developing the already existing techniques like chemotherapy and embarking on new strategies like enucleation, thermotherapy, cryotherapy, etc. Early diagnosis, studies on the etiopathogenesis and genetics of the disease are the need of the hour for improving the survival rates. According to the Knudson hypothesis, also known as the two hit hypothesis, two hits on the retinoblastoma susceptibility (RB) gene is often considered as the initiating event in the development of the disease. Studies on the molecular basis of the disease have also led to deciphering the downstream events and thus in the discovery of biomarkers and related targeted therapies. Furthermore, improvements in molecular biology techniques enhanced the development of efficient methods for early diagnosis, genetic counseling, and prevention of the disease. In this review, we discuss the genetic and molecular features of retinoblastoma with a special emphasis on the mutation leading to the dysregulation of key signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, DNA repair, and cellular plasticity. Also, we describe the classification, clinical and epidemiological relevance of the disease, with an emphasis on both the traditional and innovative treatments to tackle retinoblastoma. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Vardhan Byroju
- Department of Biochemistry, American International Medical University, Gros Islet, St. Lucia, USA
| | | | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, India.
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44
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Marković L, Bukovac A, Varošanec AM, Šlaus N, Pećina-Šlaus N. Genetics in ophthalmology: molecular blueprints of retinoblastoma. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:82. [PMID: 37658463 PMCID: PMC10474694 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents current knowledge on the molecular biology of retinoblastoma (RB). Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor with hereditary and sporadic forms. 8,000 new cases of this ocular malignancy of the developing retina are diagnosed each year worldwide. The major gene responsible for retinoblastoma is RB1, and it harbors a large spectrum of pathogenic variants. Tumorigenesis begins with mutations that cause RB1 biallelic inactivation preventing the production of functional pRB proteins. Depending on the type of mutation the penetrance of RB is different. However, in small percent of tumors additional genes may be required, such as MYCN, BCOR and CREBBP. Additionally, epigenetic changes contribute to the progression of retinoblastoma as well. Besides its role in the cell cycle, pRB plays many additional roles, it regulates the nucleosome structure, participates in apoptosis, DNA replication, cellular senescence, differentiation, DNA repair and angiogenesis. Notably, pRB has an important role as a modulator of chromatin remodeling. In recent years high-throughput techniques are becoming essential for credible biomarker identification and patient management improvement. In spite of remarkable advances in retinoblastoma therapy, primarily in high-income countries, our understanding of retinoblastoma and its specific genetics still needs further clarification in order to predict the course of this disease and improve therapy. One such approach is the tumor free DNA that can be obtained from the anterior segment of the eye and be useful in diagnostics and prognostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Marković
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Maria Varošanec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nika Šlaus
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Luo Y, He M, Yang J, Zhang F, Chen J, Wen X, Fan J, Fan X, Chai P, Jia R. A novel MYCN-YTHDF1 cascade contributes to retinoblastoma tumor growth by eliciting m 6A -dependent activation of multiple oncogenes. Sci China Life Sci 2023; 66:2138-2151. [PMID: 36949231 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, the most prevalent primary intraocular tumor in children, leads to vision impairment, disability and even death. In addition to RB1 inactivation, MYCN activation has been documented as another common oncogenic alteration in retinoblastoma and represents one of the high-risk molecular subtypes of retinoblastoma. However, how MYCN contributes to the progression of retinoblastoma is still incompletely understood. Here, we report that MYCN upregulates YTHDF1, which encodes one of the reader proteins for N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, in retinoblastoma. We further found that this MYCN-upregulated m6A reader functions to promote retinoblastoma cell proliferation and tumor growth in an m6A binding-dependent manner. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 promotes the expression of multiple oncogenes by binding to their mRNAs and enhancing mRNA stability and translation in retinoblastoma cells. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel MYCN-YTHDF1 regulatory cascade in controlling retinoblastoma cell proliferation and tumor growth, pinpointing an unprecedented mechanism for MYCN amplification and/or activation to promote retinoblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Mengjia He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China.
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200023, China.
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Fukushima H, Suzuki R, Hiraoka T, Suzuki S, Noguchi E, Takada H. A novel de-novo RB1 mutation identified in a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2023; 53:863-865. [PMID: 37345682 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma manifests as ocular malignancy due to mutations in the RB1 gene. A 17-month-old girl with bilateral retinoblastoma having no family history was admitted to our hospital. The right eye was enucleated but the other was preserved with systemic chemotherapy and topical treatment. The patient has been tumor-free for over 7 years since diagnosis. All exons of RB1 were sequenced and a novel 1-base pair deletion (NM_000321.2:c.2409del, p.Asn803Lysfs*7) was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Fukushima
- Department of Child Health, Institution of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryoko Suzuki
- Department of Child Health, Institution of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiraoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institution of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Noguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institution of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Takada
- Department of Child Health, Institution of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Nagaraj NR, Natarajan SK, Karunakaran C. The apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect of Lysyl oxidase propeptide in Y79 human retinoblastoma cells. Mol Vis 2023; 29:125-139. [PMID: 38222455 PMCID: PMC10784223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Retinoblastoma (RB) caused by the mutation of the RB1 gene is one of the most common ocular malignancies in children The propeptide region of lysyl oxidase (LOX), the enzyme involved in the cross-linking of collagen and elastin, has been identified to be anti-tumorigenic in various cancers. However, this role of lysyl oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP) in RB is still elusive. This study aims to identify the anti-tumorigenic effect of LOX-PP in human Y79 RB cells. Methods LOX-PP was overexpressed in Y79 RB cells, and differential gene expression was assessed by microarray followed by pathway analysis using transcriptome analysis console (TAC) software. Additionally, cell proliferation was studied by PrestoBlue assay, and DNA content was evaluated by cell cycle and apoptosis assays. The pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative mechanisms induced by the overexpression of/exogenously added LOX-PP was evaluated by western blotting and real-time PCR. Results The expression of the LOX-PP transcript was significantly decreased in Y79 RB cells compared to human retinal endothelial cells. Gene expression analysis in LOX-PP overexpressed Y79 RB cells showed deregulation of pathways involved in apoptosis, cell cycle, focal adhesion-PI3K-AKT signaling, and DNA repair mechanisms. Interestingly, LOX-PP overexpressed Y79 RB cells showed significantly increased apoptosis, decreased proliferation, and cell cycle arrest at S-phase with a concordant reduction of proliferative cell nuclear antigen and Cyclin D1 protein expressions. Moreover, pAKT (S473) was significantly downregulated in Y79 RB cells, which decreased NFκB leading to significantly reduced BCL2 expression. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the anti-tumorigenic effect of LOX-PP in Y79 RB cells by inducing apoptosis and decreasing proliferation. This effect was mediated by the downregulation of AKT signaling. These results suggest that LOX-PP can be explored as a therapeutic molecule in RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareshkumar Ragavachetty Nagaraj
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, KBIRVO, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Coral Karunakaran
- RS Mehta Jain Department of Biochemistry and Cell biology, KBIRVO, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai
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Kiray G, Westcott M, Sagoo MS, Onadim Z, Reddy MA. Genetics versus enviromental factors in pathogenesis of retinoblastoma. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 253:114121. [PMID: 36801094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Kiray
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London, UK.
| | - M Westcott
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M S Sagoo
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z Onadim
- Retinoblastoma Genetic Screening Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Ashwin Reddy
- Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health Trust, London, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Sadeghi R, Pirankuraim H, Javanshir ST, Arabi M, Bereimipour A, Javanshir HT, Mahmoodzadeh H, Nayernia K. Risk of secondary tumours in patients with non-metastatic and metastatic human retinoblastoma. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2327-2334. [PMID: 36528757 PMCID: PMC10366135 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is an intraocular cancer in children and infants. Despite all the available treatment options and high survival rates in children with retinoblastoma, exposure to secondary tumours in adulthood is one of the concerns that physicians face. In many cases, dysfunction of the RB1 gene is the main cause of secondary tumours due to retinoblastoma. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of other secondary tumours in children with retinoblastoma. METHODS In this regard, we performed continuous and integrated bioinformatics analyses to find genes, protein products, and signal pathways involved in other cancers. RESULTS 1170 high-expression genes and 960 low-expression genes between non-invasive and invasive retinoblastoma were isolated. After examining the signal pathways, we observed bladder cancer and small cell lung cancer in the overexpressed genes. We also observed 5 cancers of endometriosis, prostate, non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma in low-expression genes. Based on the P-value index, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate and bladder cancers had the highest risk, and endometriosis cancer showed a lower probability of developing a secondary tumour in patients with retinoblastoma. In addition, the network between proteins also showed us that TP53, CDK2, SRC, MAPK1 proteins with high expression and JUN, HSP90AA1, and UBC proteins with low-expression play a significant role in candidate cancers. CONCLUSION Lastly, we used continuous bioinformatics analysis to show that seven cancers are strongly linked to retinoblastoma cancer. Of course, more research is needed to find the best way to care for children who have been treated for retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Pirankuraim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Arabi
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Karim Nayernia
- International Center for Personalized Medicine (P7MEDICINE), 40235, Düsseldorf, Germany
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50
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Manukonda R, Jakati S, Attem J, Mishra DK, Mocherla TR, Reddy MM, Gulati K, Poluri KM, Vemuganti GK, Kaliki S. Identifying Treatment Resistance Related Pathways by Analyzing Serum Extracellular Vesicles of Patients With Resistant Versus Regressed Retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:26. [PMID: 37603355 PMCID: PMC10445180 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.11.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify the genes and pathways responsible for treatment resistance (TR) in retinoblastoma (RB) by analyzing serum small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) of patients with TR active RB (TR-RB) and completely regressed RB (CR-RB). Methods Serum-derived sEVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. sEV transcriptome profiles of two TR-RB and one CR-RB with good response (>20 years tumor free) were compared to their age-matched controls (n = 3). Gene expression data were analyzed by the R Bioconductor package. The CD9 protein and mRNA expression of CD9, CD63, and CD81 were studied in five RB tumors and two control retinae by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results The isolated serum sEVs were round shaped and within the expected size (30-150 nm), and they had zeta potentials ranging from -10.8 to 15.9 mV. The mean ± SD concentrations of sEVs for two adults and four children were 1.1 × 1012 ± 0.1 and 5.8 × 1011 ± 1.7 particles/mL. Based on log2 fold change of ±2 and P < 0.05 criteria, there were 492 dysregulated genes in TR-RB and 184 in CR-RB. KAT2B, VWA1, CX3CL1, MLYCD, NR2F2, USP46-AS1, miR6724-4, and LINC01257 genes were specifically dysregulated in TR-RB. Negative regulation of apoptotic signaling, cell growth, and proton transport genes were greater than fivefold expressed only in TR-RB. CD9, CD63, and CD81 mRNA levels were high in RB tumors versus control retina, with increased and variable CD9 immunoreactivity in the invasive areas of the tumor. Conclusions Serum sEVs could serve as a potential liquid biopsy source for understanding TR mechanisms in RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Manukonda
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saumya Jakati
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Prof. Krothapalli Ravindranath Ophthalmic Research Biorepository, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jyothi Attem
- School of Medical Sciences, Science Complex, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dilip K. Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Tirupathi Rao Mocherla
- Prof. Krothapalli Ravindranath Ophthalmic Research Biorepository, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mamatha M. Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Khushboo Gulati
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering and Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Geeta K. Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, Science Complex, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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