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Lamoureux L, Beverley J, Steiner H, Marinelli M. Methylphenidate with or without fluoxetine triggers reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:953-960. [PMID: 38086900 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MP) is commonly prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). MP is also taken for non-medical purposes as a recreational drug or "cognitive enhancer". Combined exposure to MP and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as fluoxetine (FLX) can also occur, such as in the treatment of ADHD with depression comorbidity or when patients taking FLX use MP for non-medical purposes. It is unclear if such exposure could subsequently increase the risk for relapse in former cocaine users. We investigated if an acute challenge with MP, FLX, or the combination of MP + FLX could trigger reinstatement of cocaine seeking behavior in a model for relapse in rats. Juvenile rats self-administered cocaine (600 µg/kg/infusion, 1-2 h/day, 7-8 days) and then underwent extinction and withdrawal during late adolescence-early adulthood. Reinstatement was tested at a low dose of MP (2 mg/kg, I.P., comparable to doses used therapeutically) or a high dose of MP (5 mg/kg, comparable to doses used recreationally or as a cognitive enhancer), with or without FLX (2.5-5 mg/kg, I.P.). An acute challenge with the high dose of MP (5 mg/kg), with or without FLX, reinstated cocaine seeking behavior to levels comparable to those seen after an acute challenge with cocaine (15 mg/kg, I.P.). The low dose of MP (2 mg/kg) with or without FLX did not reinstate cocaine seeking behavior. Our results suggest that acute exposure to a high dose of MP, with or without FLX, may increase the risk for relapse in individuals who used cocaine during the juvenile period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorissa Lamoureux
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
- Biologic Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Beverley
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heinz Steiner
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
- Stanson Toshok Center for Brain Function and Repair, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michela Marinelli
- Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience and the Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, and the Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Markovic T, Higginbotham J, Ruyle B, Massaly N, Yoon HJ, Kuo CC, Kim JR, Yi J, Garcia JJ, Sze E, Abt J, Teich RH, Dearman JJ, McCall JG, Morón JA. A locus coeruleus to dorsal hippocampus pathway mediates cue-induced reinstatement of opioid self-administration in male and female rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:915-923. [PMID: 38374364 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01828-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a chronic relapsing disorder encompassing misuse, dependence, and addiction to opioid drugs. Long term maintenance of associations between the reinforcing effects of the drug and the cues associated with its intake are a leading cause of relapse. Indeed, exposure to the salient drug-associated cues can lead to drug cravings and drug seeking behavior. The dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and locus coeruleus (LC) have emerged as important structures for linking the subjective rewarding effects of opioids with environmental cues. However, their role in cue-induced reinstatement of opioid use remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we showed that chemogenetic inhibition of excitatory dHPC neurons during re-exposure to drug-associated cues significantly attenuates cue-induced reinstatement of morphine-seeking behavior. In addition, the same manipulation reduced reinstatement of sucrose-seeking behavior but failed to alter memory recall in the object location task. Finally, intact activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) LC-dHPCTh afferents is necessary to drive cue induced reinstatement of morphine-seeking as inhibition of this pathway blunts cue-induced drug-seeking behavior. Altogether, these studies show an important role of the dHPC and LC-dHPCTh pathway in mediating cue-induced reinstatement of opioid seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Markovic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica Higginbotham
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian Ruyle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicolas Massaly
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hye Jean Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chao-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenny R Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiwon Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeniffer J Garcia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric Sze
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julian Abt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel H Teich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joanna J Dearman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jordan G McCall
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jose A Morón
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Davis IR, Fisher H, McLean C, Murray J, Pickens CL. Neither Amphetamine nor Sub-Anesthetic Ketamine Treatment during Adolescence Impairs Devaluation in Rats Tested during Adulthood. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:83. [PMID: 38682231 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2304083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of the existing animal literature on the devaluation task suggests that prior repeated exposure to drugs of abuse during adulthood can impair goal-directed action, but the literature on human drug users is mixed. Also, the initiation of drug use often occurs during adolescence, but examinations of the effects of drug exposure during adolescence on behavior in the devaluation task are lacking. METHODS We examined whether repeated exposure during adolescence to amphetamine (3 mg/kg injections every-other day from post-natal day 27-45) or ketamine (twice daily 30 mg/kg injections from post-natal day 35-44) would impair behavior in a devaluation test when tested drug-free in adulthood. Rats were trained to press a left lever with a steady cue-light above it for one reinforcer and a right lever with a flashing cue-light above it for a different reinforcer. We tested whether any impairments in goal-directed action could be overcome by compensation between strategies by giving rats information based on lever-location and cue-lights during the test that was either congruent (allowing compensation) or incongruent (preventing compensation between strategies) with the configurations during training. RESULTS Our results provided no evidence for impairment of goal-directed action during adulthood after adolescent amphetamine or ketamine exposure. CONCLUSIONS We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy with the prior literature, including (1) the age of exposure and (2) the pattern in the previous literature that most previous demonstrations of drug exposure impairing devaluation in laboratory animals may be attributed to either drug-associated cues present in the testing environment and/or accelerated habit learning in tasks that predispose laboratory animals towards habit formation with extended training (with training procedures that should resist the formation of habits in the current experiment). However, additional research is needed to examine the effects of these factors, as well a potential role for the particular doses and washout periods to determine the cause of our finding of no devaluation impairment after drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Davis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Hayley Fisher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Caitlin McLean
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jackson Murray
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Charles L Pickens
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Gannon BM, Fitzgerald LR, Godwin CO, Hughes-Meredith HD, Rice KC, Fantegrossi WE. Effects of ambient temperature on locomotor activity and place conditioning elicited by abused psychostimulants in mice: Role of 3,4-methylenedioxy moiety. Drug Alcohol Depend 2023; 250:110917. [PMID: 37579623 PMCID: PMC10481935 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans often administer psychostimulants in party or music festival settings characterized by warm ambient temperatures, which may impact drug effects; however, preclinical studies rarely investigate drug effects at multiple ambient temperatures. Work with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) suggests that the presence of a 3,4-methylenedioxy ring moiety may influence ambient temperature-dependent effects. METHODS Locomotor activity and conditioned place preference dose-response curves were generated at 20±2°C for two amphetamine analogues (MDMA and methamphetamine [METH]) and two cathinone analogues (MDPV and α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone [αPVP]) in mice. Effects were then redetermined at 29±2°C for each drug and assay. RESULTS All four drugs elicited dose-dependent locomotor stimulation at the cool ambient temperature. At the warm ambient temperature, MDMA and MDPV produced sensitization to stereotypy, whereas METH and αPVP produced sensitization to locomotor activity. Regarding place conditioning, the warm ambient environment potentiated place preference elicited by doses of METH and αPVP that were sub-threshold in the cool ambient environment, but attenuated the effects of analogous doses of MDMA and MDPV. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that warmer ambient temperatures may potentiate typical stimulant effects for the drugs lacking the 3,4-methylenedioxy ring, but may potentiate the behaviorally toxic/adverse effects for the drugs containing a 3,4-methylenedioxy ring. Thus, preclinical abuse liability studies conducted at standard laboratory temperatures may not fully capture the effects of psychostimulants and highlight the need to model the environments in which drugs are typically used by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda M Gannon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Lauren R Fitzgerald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Christopher O Godwin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Heidi D Hughes-Meredith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Nieto SJ, Haile CN, Quave CB, Harding MJ, Nielsen DA, Meisch RA, Kosten TA. Paternal alcohol exposure reduces acquisition of operant alcohol self-administration and affects Bdnf DNA methylation in male and female offspring. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13078. [PMID: 34363290 PMCID: PMC8720057 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Familial transmission of alcohol use disorder reflects genetic and environmental factors. Paternal alcohol exposure may affect rodent offspring via epigenetic modifications transmitted through the male germ line. While such exposure alters alcohol sensitivity in mouse offspring, no studies examined if it impacts the development of operant alcohol self-administration in rats. We exposed male (sires) Wistar rats to chronic intermittent ethanol in vapour chambers (16 h/day; 5 days/week) or to air for 6 weeks. Eight weeks later, rats were mated with alcohol-naive females. Adult alcohol- and control-sired F1 offspring were assessed in acquisition of alcohol self-administration in which increasing alcohol concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 10%, v/v) were delivered after one lever press (fixed ratio 1 or FR1). Prior to alcohol sessions, rats were trained to lever press for food delivery under an FR1 schedule of reinforcement. DNA methylation levels of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) gene were measured in sperm, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in sires and in offspring. Alcohol-exposed sires had lower Bdnf DNA methylation levels in NAc and greater methylation levels in mPFC. Although this pattern was not recapitulated in offspring, alcohol-sired offspring of both sexes did show aberrant Bdnf DNA methylation patterns compared to control-sired offspring. Alcohol-sired offspring self-administered less alcohol (5% and 10%) with no group differences in food responding. Results indicate that paternal alcohol exposure prior to conception protects against alcohol's initial reinforcing effects but the pattern of dysregulated Bdnf methylation in reward-related circuitry did not mimic changes seen in sires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Nieto
- Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Colin N Haile
- Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cana B Quave
- Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark J Harding
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David A Nielsen
- The Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard A Meisch
- Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Therese A Kosten
- Department of Psychology and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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McReynolds JR, Carreira MB, McIntyre CK. Post-training intra-basolateral complex of the amygdala infusions of clenbuterol enhance memory for conditioned place preference and increase ARC protein expression in dorsal hippocampal synaptic fractions. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2021; 185:107539. [PMID: 34648950 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA) is critically involved in modulation of memory by stress hormones. Noradrenergic activation of the BLA enhances memory consolidation and plays a necessary role in the enhancing or impairing effects of stress hormones on memory. The BLA is not only involved in the consolidation of aversive memories but can regulate appetitive memory formation as well. Extensive evidence suggests that the BLA is a modulatory structure that influences consolidation of arousing memories through modulation of plasticity and expression of plasticity-related genes, such as the activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc/Arg 3.1) protein, in efferent brain regions. ARC is an immediate early gene whose mRNA is localized to the dendrites and is necessary for hippocampus-dependent long-term potentiation and long-term memory formation. Post-training intra-BLA infusions of the β-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol, enhances memory for an aversive task and increases dorsal hippocampus ARC protein expression following training on that task. To examine whether this function of BLA noradrenergic signaling extends to the consolidation of appetitive memories, the present studies test the effect of post-training intra-BLA infusions of clenbuterol on memory for the appetitive conditioned place preference (CPP) task and for effects on ARC protein expression in hippocampal synapses. Additionally, the necessity of increased hippocampal ARC protein expression was also examined for long-term memory formation of the CPP task. Immediate post-training intra-BLA infusions of clenbuterol (4 ng/0.2 µL) significantly enhanced memory for the CPP task. This same memory enhancing treatment significantly increased ARC protein expression in dorsal, but not ventral, hippocampal synaptic fractions. Furthermore, immediate post-training intra-dorsal hippocampal infusions of Arc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), which reduce ARC protein expression, prevented long-term memory formation for the CPP task. These results suggest that noradrenergic activity in the BLA influences long-term memory for aversive and appetitive events in a similar manner and the role of the BLA is conserved across classes of memory. It also suggests that the influence of the BLA on hippocampal ARC protein expression and the role of hippocampal ARC protein expression are conserved across classes of emotionally arousing memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayme R McReynolds
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Maria B Carreira
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
| | - Christa K McIntyre
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States.
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Navabpour S, Rezayof A, Ghasemzadeh Z. Activation of VTA/CeA/mPFC cannabinoid CB1 receptors induced conditioned drug effects via interacting with hippocampal CAMKII-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 909:174417. [PMID: 34389313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study intended to investigate whether the activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the central amygdala (CeA) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) could induce conditioned place preference or aversion (CPP or CPA) in adult male Wistar rats. The involvement of hippocampal signaling pathway of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was also examined following a 3-day schedule of conditioning with the injection of arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA; a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptors agonist) into the targeted sites. The results showed that intra-VTA injection of the higher dose of ACPA (5 ng/rat) caused a significant CPP associating with the increased hippocampal level of the phosphorylated (p)-CAMKII/CAMKII. Intra-mPFC injection of ACPA at 3 ng/rat caused a significant CPA associating with the decreased p-CAMKII and p-CREB levels and the increased BDNF level in the hippocampus. Moreover, intra-CeA injection of the ACPA (5 ng/rat) induced a significant CPP which was associated with the increased hippocampal levels of p-CAMKII/total (t) CAMKII, p-CREB/tCREB, and BDNF. Exposing the animals to the CPP apparatus after receiving intra-cerebral vehicle injection increased the hippocampal CAMKII/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, confirming that CPP is an associative learning task. In all experiments, the conditioning treatment with the different doses of ACPA did not affect locomotor activity in the testing phase. Taken together, it can be concluded that cannabinoid CB1 receptors of the VTA, the CeA, and the mPFC are involved in rewarding/aversion effects through the changes in the hippocampal signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Navabpour
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Ameneh Rezayof
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Robertson SH, Jutkiewicz EM. Effects of food restriction on the conditioned reinforcing properties of an opioid-associated stimulus. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:505-514. [PMID: 34320518 PMCID: PMC8373806 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Food restriction promotes drug self-administration; however, the effects of food restriction on the conditioned reinforcing properties of drug-associated stimuli are less clear. We tested the extent to which food restriction modified the conditioned reinforcing properties of a remifentanil-associated stimulus following conditioning with 3.2 or 1.0 μg/kg/infusion of remifentanil. First, we provided restricted (20 g/day standard chow) or ad libitum access to standard chow to rats. Second, within each feeding condition, we exposed rats to 20 intravenous infusions of remifentanil and 20 stimulus presentations that were delivered response independently each day for 5 days. For the experimental group (paired Pavlovian), the remifentanil infusions and stimulus presentations were delivered concurrently. The control group (random control) received the same number of infusions and stimulus presentations, but were not paired. For 28 sessions, we tested the extent to which the stimulus functioned as a conditioned reinforcer by allowing rats to freely respond for presentations of the remifentanil-associated stimulus. Following conditioning with 3.2 μg/kg/infusion of remifentanil, we found that rats that in the Paired Pavlovian group responded for the remifentanil-associated stimulus significantly more than rats in the Random control group, regardless of feeding condition. Following conditioning with 1.0 μg/kg/infusion of remifentanil, the remifentanil-associated stimulus was not associated with conditioned reinforcing properties, regardless of feeding condition. These findings confirm previous research demonstrating that a remifentanil-associated stimulus takes on conditioned reinforcing properties in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen H Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Kendricks DR, Newland MC. Selective dopaminergic effects on attention and memory in male mice exposed to Methylmercury during adolescence. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:107016. [PMID: 34274440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to methylmercury disrupts dopamine-mediated behavior and produces heightened sensitivity to monoamine agonists later in life. This has been reported and replicated following both pre- and post-natal exposure. Impacts of methylmercury when exposure occurs during the sensitive period of adolescence, a key period of dopaminergic development, remain underexplored. There have been variable results thus far in studies investigating links between adolescent exposure to methylmercury and alterations in executive function and altered sensitivity to monoamine agonists. The current study was designed to investigate adolescent exposure by exposing male mice to 0, 0.3, or 3 ppm methylmercury during adolescence and training them in a hybrid task to assess two executive functions, attention and memory, in adulthood. Behavior in these animals was probed with a range of doses of the dopamine agonist, d-amphetamine, and the norepinephrine agonist, desipramine. Attention and memory in these mice were sensitive to disruption by d-amphetamine and interacted with methylmercury exposure. Choice latencies were also longer in the MeHg-exposed mice. Desipramine did not affect behavior in these animals nor did it interact with methylmercury. It is concluded that methylmercury-related inhibition of behavior observed in this study were differentially sensitive to acute disruption in dopamine, but not norepinephrine, neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalisa R Kendricks
- Department of Psychological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America.
| | - M Christopher Newland
- Department of Psychological Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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10
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Malone SG, Keller PS, Hammerslag LR, Bardo MT. Escalation and reinstatement of fentanyl self-administration in male and female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2261-2273. [PMID: 33895852 PMCID: PMC10332850 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Escalation of drug intake and craving are two DSM-5 hallmark symptoms of opioid use disorder (OUD). OBJECTIVES This study determined if escalation of intake as modeled by long access (LgA) self-administration (SA) and craving measured by reinstatement are related. METHODS Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer fentanyl across 7 daily 1-h short access (ShA) sessions, followed by 21 SA sessions of either 1- or 6-h duration (ShA or LgA). Following 14 1-h extinction sessions, Experiment 1 assessed reinstatement induced by either fentanyl (10 or 30 µg/kg) or yohimbine (1 or 2 mg/kg), and Experiment 2 assessed reinstatement induced by a drug-associated cue light. RESULTS Females acquired fentanyl SA faster than males. When shifted to LgA sessions, LgA rats escalated fentanyl intake, but ShA rats did not; no reliable sex difference in the rate of escalation was observed. In extinction, compared to ShA rats, LgA rats initially responded less and showed less decay of responding across sessions. A priming injection of fentanyl induced reinstatement, with LgA rats reinstating more than ShA rats at the 30 µg/kg dose. Yohimbine (1 mg/kg) also induced reinstatement, but there was no effect of access group or sex. With cue-induced reinstatement, LgA females reinstated less than LgA males and ShA females. CONCLUSION Among the different reinstatement tests assessed, escalation of fentanyl SA increased only drug-primed reinstatement, suggesting a limited relationship between escalation of drug intake and craving (reinstatement) for OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha G Malone
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Peggy S Keller
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Biomedical Biological Science Research Building, University of Kentucky, Room 447, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
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11
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Meade JA, Fowlkes AN, Wood MJ, Kurtz MC, May MM, Toma WB, Warncke UO, Mann J, Mustafa M, Lichtman AH, Damaj MI. Effects of chemotherapy on operant responding for palatable food in male and female mice. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:422-434. [PMID: 34050046 PMCID: PMC8266730 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients treated with cancer chemotherapeutics frequently report chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), changes in mood (depression and anxiety) and functional impairments. Rodent models of CIPN elicit limited alterations in functional behaviors, which pose challenges in developing preclinical models of chemotherapy-induced behavioral depression. The study examined the consequences of chemotherapy-induced mechanical hypersensitivity (paclitaxel: 32 or 64 mg/kg, cumulative; oxaliplatin: 30 mg/kg, cumulative) on behavioral depression, as measured with operant responding for palatable food during periods of food restriction and ad libitum chow, consumption of noncontingently available palatable food in the presence of ad libitum chow, and voluntary wheel running. The study employed two inbred mouse strains (C57BL/6J and Balb/cJ) and examined potential sex differences. All chemotherapeutic regimens caused profound mechanical hypersensitivity for the duration of the observation periods (up to 7 months), but no treatments changed voluntary wheel running or consumption of noncontingent palatable food. The high dose of paclitaxel temporarily reduced operant responding for palatable food in male C57BL/6J mice undergoing food restriction or maintained on ad libitum chow. However, paclitaxel failed to decrease operant responding for palatable food in free-feeding female C57BL/6J mice or Balb/cJ mice of either sex. Moreover, oxaliplatin did not significantly alter operant responding for palatable food in male or female C57BL/6J mice maintained on ad libitum chow. These findings demonstrate a dissociation between chemotherapy-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and behavioral depression. The transient effects of paclitaxel on operant responding in male C57BL/6J mice may represent a fleeting behavioral correlate of chemotherapy-associated pain-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Urszula O Warncke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine
| | - Jared Mann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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12
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Engi SA, Beebe EJ, Ayvazian VM, Cruz FC, Cheer JF, Wenzel JM, Zlebnik NE. Cocaine-induced increases in motivation require 2-arachidonoylglycerol mobilization and CB1 receptor activation in the ventral tegmental area. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108625. [PMID: 34058192 PMCID: PMC8312311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A wide body of evidence supports an integral role for mesolimbic dopamine (DA) in motivated behavior. In brief, drugs that increase DA in mesolimbic terminal regions, like cocaine, enhance motivation, while drugs that decrease DA concentration reduce motivation. Data from our laboratory and others shows that phasic activation of mesolimbic DA requires signaling at cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and systemic delivery of CB1 receptor antagonists reduces DA cell activity and attenuates motivated behaviors. Recent findings demonstrate that cocaine mobilizes the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the VTA to cause phasic activation of DA neurons and terminal DA release. It remains unclear, however, if cocaine-induced midbrain 2-AG signaling contributes to the motivation-enhancing effects of cocaine. To examine this, we trained male and female rats on a progressive ratio (PR) task for a food reinforcer. Each rat underwent a series of tests in which they were pretreated with cocaine alone or in combination with systemic or intra-VTA administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant or the 2-AG synthesis inhibitor tetrahydrolipstatin (THL). Cocaine increased motivation, measured by augmented PR breakpoints, while rimonabant dose-dependently decreased motivation. Importantly, intra-VTA administration of rimonabant or THL, at doses that did not decrease breakpoints on their own, blocked systemic cocaine administration from increasing breakpoints in male and female rats. These data suggest that cocaine-induced increases in motivation require 2-AG signaling at CB1 receptors in the VTA and may provide critical insight into cannabinoid-based pharmacotherapeutic targets for the successful treatment of substance abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila A Engi
- Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dept. of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erin J Beebe
- Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victoria M Ayvazian
- Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabio C Cruz
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer M Wenzel
- Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Natalie E Zlebnik
- Dept. of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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13
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Towers EB, Bakhti-Suroosh A, Lynch WJ. Females develop features of an addiction-like phenotype sooner during withdrawal than males. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2213-2224. [PMID: 33907871 PMCID: PMC8295229 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Women meet criteria for substance use disorder after fewer years of drug use than men; this accelerated time course, or telescoping effect, has been observed for multiple drugs, including cocaine. Preclinical findings similarly indicate an enhanced vulnerability in females to developing an addiction-like phenotype; however, it is not yet known if this phenotype develops faster in females versus males. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine using a rat model whether two key features of addiction in humans, an enhanced motivation for cocaine and compulsive use, emerge sooner during withdrawal from extended access cocaine self-administration in females versus males. METHODS Motivation for cocaine, as assessed under a progressive-ratio reinforcement schedule, was determined prior to and following extended access cocaine self-administration (24 h/day, 96 infusions/day, 10 days) and after 7, 14, or 60 days of withdrawal. Compulsive use, or use despite punishment, was evaluated once progressive-ratio responding stabilized by adding histamine, an aversive stimulus, to the cocaine solutions. RESULTS Motivation for cocaine increased from baseline sooner during withdrawal in females than males (at 7 versus 14 days); motivation was also highest in the 60-day group. Histamine decreased progressive-ratio responding for cocaine in both sexes, although effects were greatest in males in the 7-day withdrawal group; males reached the female-level of resistance to histamine punishment by 14 days of withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS Female rats developed addition-like features sooner during withdrawal than male rats indicating that the telescoping effect observed in humans is biologically based. Additionally, like drug-seeking/craving, motivation for cocaine and measures of compulsive use incubate over withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Blair Towers
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | | | - Wendy J Lynch
- Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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14
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Oizumi H, Imai R, Suzuki T, Omiya Y, Tanaka KF, Mimura M, Mizoguchi K. Ninjin'yoeito, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, suppresses the onset of anhedonia induced by dysfunction in the striatal dopamine receptor type 2-expressing medium spiny neurons. Neuroreport 2021; 32:869-874. [PMID: 34029288 PMCID: PMC8240642 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have suggested that ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, improves diminished motivation in humans and animals, rendering it a novel therapeutic option for impaired motivation. To better characterize the effect of NYT on motivation, we examined its effect on motivated behaviors in mice. METHODS Mouse models of neurodegeneration-related apathy, in which striatal dopamine receptor type 2-expressing medium spiny neurons (D2-MSNs) were progressively damaged by diphtheria toxin expression, were chosen. RESULTS The decrease in effort-based operant responding for rewards (sucrose pellets), indicative of the mouse's motivated behavior, in the affected mice was not suppressed by chronic treatment with NYT suspended in drinking water at 1% (w/v). Mice were then subjected to a sucrose preference test, wherein they freely chose to ingest tap water and a sucrose solution without being required to exert effort. The affected mice showed a decline in preference for sucrose over tap water, relative to nonaffected controls, indicating anhedonia-like traits. In contrast to the diminished operant behavior, the anhedonic behavior in the affected mice was prevented by the NYT administration. Furthermore, NYT did not affect the size of Drd2 mRNA disappearance in the striatum of affected mice, suggesting that the NYT effect was unrelated to DTA-mediated neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the beneficial effect of NYT on motivation is mediated, at least in part, through the potentiation of hedonic capacity by certain neuromodulatory pathways.
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MESH Headings
- Anhedonia/drug effects
- Anhedonia/physiology
- Animals
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Conditioning, Operant/physiology
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gene Expression
- Japan
- Medicine, Kampo/methods
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Motivation/drug effects
- Motivation/physiology
- Neurons/drug effects
- Neurons/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki
| | - Ryota Imai
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Omiya
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki
| | - Kenji F Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine
- Center for Kampo Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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RayatSanati K, Jamali S, Hassanlou AA, Haghparast A. Blockade of orexin receptors in the hippocampal dentate gyrus reduced the extinction latency of morphine-induced place preference in male rats. Neurosci Lett 2021; 756:135946. [PMID: 33974952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Relapse to drugs such as opioids is a major challenge in addiction therapy. It has been known that the orexinergic system has a significant role in mediating reward processing and addiction, as shown by the conditioned place preference (CPP). The dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus receives orexinergic projections from the lateral hypothalamus that has been approved as a critical area arbitrating the maintenance of drug-seeking behavior following the extinction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intra-DG administration of the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R) and orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) antagonists on the extinction of morphine-induced CPP in male rats. Animals received different doses of SB334867 (as OX1R antagonist) or TCS OX2 29 (as OX2R antagonist) (0.5, 2.5, and 12.5 nM/0.5 μl DMSO 12 %) bilaterally into the DG during the extinction phase, after CPP had been induced by subcutaneous injection of morphine (5 mg/kg) during a 3-day conditioning phase. The conditioning scores were recorded during the test. The results demonstrated that intra-DG administration of the highest dose of OX1R antagonist (12.5 nM/0.5 μl DMSO 12 %) shortened the extinction latency of morphine-CPP compared to the DMSO group, while the OX2R antagonist did not significantly alter the latency. Findings imply that the blockade of OX1R, but not OX2R, within the DG facilitates the extinction of morphine-induced reward. In conclusion, the OX1R antagonist might be kept in mind as a convenient therapeutic factor in repressing drug-seeking behaviors in an optimum amount of treatment considering the low dose-treatments applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia RayatSanati
- Student Research Committee, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shole Jamali
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Arash Hassanlou
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Turner BD, Smith NK, Manz KM, Chang BT, Delpire E, Grueter CA, Grueter BA. Cannabinoid type 1 receptors in A2a neurons contribute to cocaine-environment association. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1121-1131. [PMID: 33454843 PMCID: PMC8386588 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05759-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are widely expressed within the brain's reward circuits and are implicated in regulating drug induced behavioral adaptations. Understanding how CB1R signaling in discrete circuits and cell types contributes to drug-related behavior provides further insight into the pathology of substance use disorders. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We sought to determine how cell type-specific expression of CB1Rs within striatal circuits contributes to cocaine-induced behavioral plasticity, hypothesizing that CB1R function in distinct striatal neuron populations would differentially impact behavioral outcomes. We crossed conditional Cnr1fl/fl mice and striatal output pathway cre lines (Drd1a -cre; D1, Adora2a -cre; A2a) to generate cell type-specific CB1R knockout mice and assessed their performance in cocaine locomotor and associative behavioral assays. RESULTS Both knockout lines retained typical locomotor activity at baseline. D1-Cre x Cnr1fl/fl mice did not display hyperlocomotion in response to acute cocaine dosing, and both knockout lines exhibited blunted locomotor activity across repeated cocaine doses. A2a-cre Cnr1fl/fl, mice did not express a preference for cocaine paired environments in a two-choice place preference task. CONCLUSIONS This study aids in mapping CB1R-dependent cocaine-induced behavioral adaptations onto distinct striatal neuron subtypes. A reduction of cocaine-induced locomotor activation in the D1- and A2a-Cnr1 knockout mice supports a role for CB1R function in the motor circuit. Furthermore, a lack of preference for cocaine-associated context in A2a-Cnr1 mice suggests that CB1Rs on A2a-neuron inhibitory terminals are necessary for either reward perception, memory consolidation, or recall. These results direct future investigations into CB1R-dependent adaptations underlying the development and persistence of substance use disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cocaine-Related Disorders/psychology
- Conditioning, Operant/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Environment
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Neurons/drug effects
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Adenosine A2A/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/drug effects
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Reward
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon D Turner
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas K Smith
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kevin M Manz
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Betty T Chang
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Carrie A Grueter
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Brad A Grueter
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Anesthesiology Research Division, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2213 Garland Avenue, P435H MRB IV, Nashville, TN, 37232-0413, USA.
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17
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Casaril AM, Vichaya EG, Rishi MR, Ford BG, Dantzer R. Lipopolysaccharide does not alter behavioral response to successive negative contrast in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:691-697. [PMID: 33410982 PMCID: PMC8075575 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced motivation is one of the main symptomatic features of inflammation-induced depression. However, the exact nature of inflammation-induced alterations in motivation remains to be fully defined. As inflammation has been shown to increase sensitivity to negative stimuli, the present series of experiments was initiated to determine whether systemic inflammation induced by infra-septic doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice influences consummatory and instrumental responding to successive negative contrast. METHODS Successive negative contrast was operationally defined by a shift to a lower value reward than the one mice were trained with. Mice were trained to drink a high sucrose concentration solution and exposed to an acute shift to a lower concentration of sucrose. In another series of experiments, mice were trained to nose poke for chocolate pellets according to a fixed reinforcement schedule 10 (10 nose pokes for the food reinforcement) and exposed to a shift to a lower reward value (decreased number of chocolate pellets or replacement of chocolate pellets by less preferred grain pellets). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered at the dose of 0.33 1 mg/kg 24 h before the shift. RESULTS Mice trained to drink a high sucrose concentration responded to the shift in reward value by a reduction in the volume of sucrose consumed and a decrease in lick numbers and bout durations. Mice trained to nose poke for chocolate pellets responded to the shift by alterations in their total number of nose pokes. In both conditions, LPS had no consistent effect on the response to the shift in reward value. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a high variability in the effects of LPS on successive negative contrast and fail to provide evidence in favor of the hypothesis that LPS increases sensitivity to decreases in expected rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Casaril
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Neurobiotechnology Research Group, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth G Vichaya
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA
| | - M Raafay Rishi
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bianca G Ford
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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18
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Solís-Guillén R, Leopoldo M, Meneses A, Centurión D. Activation of 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 7 receptors enhanced a positively reinforced long-term memory. Behav Brain Res 2021; 397:112932. [PMID: 32987057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Memory is one of the most important capabilities of our mind since it determines our individuality. Memory formation involves different stages: acquisition, consolidation and retrieval. There are many studies about early stages, however little is known about memory retrieval. Retrieval is the use of learned information and represents a big problem in patients with memory deficits where the main issue is that they can learn but cannot remember. Previous findings have demonstrated that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter involved in memory process. Hence, here we are exploring the role of 5-HT in memory retrieval by using its metabolic precursor l-tryptophan and several ligands at 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors. Experimental protocol consisted of evaluating conditioned responses (%CR) after one week of interruption following autoshaping sessions for memory formation; a decrease of %CR was interpreted as memory decay. Systemic administration of: (1) l-tryptophan (50 and 100 mg/kg), (2) 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT (0.031 and 0.062 mg/kg), (3) the selective antagonist 5-HT1A receptor WAY 100635 (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), (4) the 5-HT7 receptor agonist, LP 211, in a dose-dependent manner (1, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) enhanced memory retrieval. Further, the 5-HT7 receptor antagonist, SB 269970 (10.0 mg/kg), had no effect. Finally, SB 269970 (10.0 mg/kg) significantly blocked memory retrieval enhancement produced by 10.0 mg/kg LP 211, but not that induced by 2.5 mg/kg LP 211.These results, taken together, suggest that activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors enhanced memory retrieval and these receptors may be therapeutic targets to improve long-term memory retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Solís-Guillén
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Unidad Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14330, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Universitá degli Studi di Bari "A Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Meneses
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Unidad Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14330, México D.F., Mexico
| | - David Centurión
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav Unidad Coapa, Czda. de los Tenorios 235, Col. Granjas-Coapa, Del. Tlalpan, C.P. 14330, México D.F., Mexico.
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Nair SG, Smirnov DS, Estabrook MM, Chisholm AD, Silva PR, Neumaier JF. Effect of chemogenetic inhibition of lateral habenula neuronal activity on cocaine- and food-seeking behaviors in the rat. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12865. [PMID: 31994279 PMCID: PMC10441005 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A major problem in the treatment of cocaine addiction is high rates of relapse. Relapse is often provoked by acute reexposure to cocaine-associated cues or to cocaine itself. The lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic nucleus, regulates midbrain dopaminergic systems that are known to be involved in cocaine taking and seeking behaviors. However, the role of this nucleus in cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of cocaine seeking has not been entirely parsed out. We used an operant self-administration and reinstatement procedure to explore the effect of Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD)-induced transient inhibition of LHb neurons on cocaine taking and seeking. Firstly, rats were injected with adeno-associated viral vectors expressing hM4 Di (a Gi/o -coupled DREADD) into the LHb, trained to self-administer cocaine (0.75 mg/kg/infusion), and the effect of clozapine-N-oxide (an inert ligand that activates DREADDs) was assessed on cocaine self-administration. Secondly, rats were injected with hM4 Di into the LHb, trained to self-administer cocaine; the operant response was extinguished, and cue- and cocaine priming-induced reinstatement was assessed. Thirdly, we tested the generality of the effect of inhibiting LHb neurons by assessing the effect of this manipulation on food-taking and seeking. hM4 Di -induced inhibition of LHb neurons increased cocaine but not food self-administration. In contrast, this manipulation decreased reinstatement of cocaine, but not food-seeking. Taken together, our data suggest that hM4 Di - induced LHb inhibition specifically mediates taking and seeking behaviors reinforced by cocaine but not by natural reinforcers. Further, our data indicate a dissociation in the role of LHb neurons on cocaine self-administration versus reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunila G. Nair
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Denis S. Smirnov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Melissa M. Estabrook
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ashlee D. Chisholm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Phillip R. Silva
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - John F. Neumaier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies into drug vs. nondrug choice have emerged to better model and investigate the neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying drug preference. Current literature has suggested that drugs of abuse have inherently low value, thus promoting food preference. Herein, we examined remifentanil vs. food choice to test both the relative value hypothesis and the 'direct effects' (pharmacological effects of drugs on alternative reinforcers) hypothesis of opioid preference. METHODS Adult male rats were trained under two choice procedures (controlled vs. uncontrolled reinforcer frequency) for remifentanil vs. food choice. Furthermore, a series of procedural manipulations known to affect drug reinforcement were tested under both choice procedures. Using remifentanil self-administration data, pharmacokinetic profiles were calculated and analyzed to determine if opioid intake was related to opioid preference. RESULTS Both choice procedures produced dose-dependent preference. Moreover, procedural manipulations produced comparable changes in remifentanil preference under both choice procedures. In addition, calculated pharmacokinetic data revealed that preference was dissociable from intake under the controlled reinforcer frequency choice procedure. CONCLUSIONS When compared to the 'direct effects' hypothesis, remifentanil preference was better predicted by the relative value hypothesis, formalized in generalized matching. Use of a controlled reinforcer frequency schedule successfully removed the drug preference-intake confound found in most drug-choice procedures. Importantly, drug preference under the controlled reinforcer frequency schedule remained sensitive to procedural manipulations known to affect drug reinforcement. Thus, given that differential drug intake itself affects neurobiological measurements, future use of controlled reinforcer frequency schedules may help to better isolate the neurobehavioral mechanisms that mediate opioid preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Chow
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
| | - Joshua S Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Amaral IM, Lemos C, Cera I, Dechant G, Hofer A, El Rawas R. Involvement of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in the Nucleus Accumbens in Cocaine Versus Social Interaction Reward. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E345. [PMID: 33396297 PMCID: PMC7794935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that PKA activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an essential role in reward-related learning. In this study, we investigated whether PKA is differentially involved in the expression of learning produced by either natural reinforcers or psychostimulants. For that purpose, we inhibited PKA through a bilateral infusion of Rp-cAMPS, a specific PKA inhibitor, directly into the NAc. The effects of PKA inhibition in the NAc on the expression of concurrent conditioned place preference (CPP) for cocaine (drug) and social interaction (natural reward) in rats were evaluated. We found that PKA inhibition increased the expression of cocaine preference. This effect was not due to altered stress levels or decreased social reward. PKA inhibition did not affect the expression of natural reward as intra-NAc Rp-cAMPS infusion did not affect expression of social preference. When rats were trained to express cocaine or social interaction CPP and tested for eventual persisting preference 7 and 14 days after CPP expression, cocaine preference was persistent, but social preference was abolished after the first test. These results suggest that PKA in the NAc is involved in drug reward learning that might lead to addiction and that only drug, but not natural, reward is persistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. Amaral
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Cristina Lemos
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Isabella Cera
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Georg Dechant
- Institute for Neuroscience, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.C.); (G.D.)
| | - Alex Hofer
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Rana El Rawas
- Division of Psychiatry I, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (I.M.A.); (C.L.); (A.H.)
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Colvin KJ, Killen HS, Kanter MJ, Halperin MC, Engel L, Currie PJ. Brain Site-Specific Inhibitory Effects of the GLP-1 Analogue Exendin-4 on Alcohol Intake and Operant Responding for Palatable Food. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249710. [PMID: 33352692 PMCID: PMC7766977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 14.4 million Americans are experiencing alcohol use disorder (AUD) and about two-thirds of people who experience drug addiction will relapse, highlighting the need to develop novel and effective treatments. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone implicated in the mesocorticolimbic reward system and has become a peptide of interest with respect to its putative inhibitory effects on drug reward. In order to further develop treatments for those diagnosed with AUD, the interplay between GLP-1 receptor signaling and ethanol consumption must be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the ability of the GLP-1 analogue, exendin-4 (Ex-4), to alter alcohol intake and operant responding for sucrose pellets in order to further understand the role of this compound in mediating reward. We selected multiple sites throughout the prosencephalic and mesencephalic regions of the brain, where we directly administered various doses of Ex-4 to male Sprague Dawley rats. In alcohol investigations, we utilized a two-bottle choice intermittent access protocol. In separate groups of rats, we adopted an operant paradigm in order to examine the effect of Ex-4 on motivated responding for palatable food. Results indicated that GLP-1 receptor signaling effectively suppressed voluntary alcohol intake when injected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the accumbens core (NAcC) and shell (NAcS), the dorsomedial hippocampus (DMHipp), and the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which are all structures linked to brain reward mechanisms. The arcuate nucleus (ARcN) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus were unresponsive, as was the basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, Ex-4 treatment into the ArcN and PVN suppressed operant responding for sucrose pellets. In fact, the VTA, NAcC, NAcS, LH, and the DMHipp all showed comparable suppression of sucrose responding. Overall, our findings suggest that these central structures are implicated in brain reward circuitry, including alcohol and appetitive motivation, which may be mediated by GLP-1 receptor mechanisms. GLP-1, therefore, may play a critical role in modifying addictive behaviors via activation of multiple GLP-1 systems throughout the brain.
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Abstract
RATIONALE Methylphenidate and d-amphetamine, medications used for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are used recreationally and self-administered by laboratory animals. Benztropine (BZT) analogs, like those medications, increase synaptic dopamine levels but are less effective in maintaining self-administration, suggesting clinical utility with less abuse liability. OBJECTIVES The current study was designed to evaluate potential therapeutic effects of BZT analogs related to ADHD. METHODS Rats responded under a delay-discounting procedure in which responses on one lever produced immediate delivery of a single food pellet and alternative responses produced four food pellets either immediately or with various temporal delays, with those delays arranged in ascending or random orders in different groups of rats. Selection of the smaller more immediate reinforcer has been suggested as an aspect of "impulsivity," a trait with suggested involvement in ADHD. Other rats were studied under fixed-interval (FI) 300-s schedules to assess drug effects on behavior under temporal control. RESULTS d-Amphetamine, methylphenidate, and the BZT analog AHN 1-055, but not AHN 2-005 or JHW 007, increased selection of the large, delayed reinforcer with either arrangement of delays. All drugs changed the temporal distribution of responses within the FI from one with responses concentrated at the end to a more uniform distribution. Changes in the temporal distribution of FI responding occurred with drugs that did not affect discounting suggesting that discounting does not arise directly from the same temporal control processes controlling FI responding. CONCLUSIONS AHN 1-055 may be of clinical utility in the treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Soto
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Takato Hiranita
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Shab G, Fultz EK, Page A, Coelho MA, Brewin LW, Stailey N, Brown CN, Bryant CD, Kippin TE, Szumlinski KK. The motivational valence of methamphetamine relates inversely to subsequent methamphetamine self-administration in female C57BL/6J mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 398:112959. [PMID: 33053382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underpinning individual variance in addiction vulnerability requires the development of validated, high-throughput screens. In a prior study of a large sample of male isogenic C57BL/6J mice, the direction and magnitude of methamphetamine (MA)-induced place-conditioning predicts the propensity to acquire oral MA self-administration, as well as the efficacy of MA to serve as a reinforcer. The present study examined whether or not such a predictive relationship also exists in females. Adult C57BL/6J females underwent a 4-day MA place-conditioning paradigm (once daily injections of 2 mg/kg) and were then trained to nose-poke for delivery of a 20 mg/L MA solution under increasing schedules of reinforcement, followed by dose-response testing (5-400 mg/L MA). Akin to males, 53 % of the females exhibited a conditioned place-preference, while 32 % of the mice were MA-neutral and 15 % exhibited a conditioned place-aversion. However, unlike males, the place-conditioning phenotype did not transfer to MA-reinforced nose-poking behavior under operant-conditioning procedures, with 400 mg/L MA intake being inversely correlated place-conditioning. While only one MA-conditioning dose has been assayed to date, these data indicate that sex does not significantly shift the proportion of C57BL/6J mice that perceive MA's interoceptive effects as positive, neutral or aversive. However, a sex difference appears to exist regarding the predictive relationship between the motivational valence of MA and subsequent drug-taking behavior; females exhibit MA-taking behavior and reinforcement, despite their initial perception of the stimulant interoceptive effects as positive, neutral or negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Shab
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Elissa K Fultz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Page
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michal A Coelho
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lindsey W Brewin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Stailey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea N Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Camron D Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tod E Kippin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Institute for Collaborative Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Karen K Szumlinski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Renda B, Andrade AK, Frie JA, Sgarbossa CL, Murray JE, Khokhar JY. High-dose adolescent nicotine exposure permits spontaneous nicotine self-administration in adult male rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 215:108215. [PMID: 32781311 PMCID: PMC7502504 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While cigarette smoking rates have been steadily decreasing over the past decade, there has been a dramatic increase in nicotine use via e-cigarettes, especially during adolescence. Adolescent e-cigarette use is associated with a greater risk of future cigarette smoking, and increased rates of cigarette smoking in individuals who may have otherwise never tried cigarettes. In humans and rodents, early initiation of nicotine use has been associated with greater consumption, dependence, and persistent nicotine use. The present study sought to investigate the long-lasting effect of daily high-dose nicotine exposure during adolescence on nicotine consumption in adulthood. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed daily to nicotine (1.0 mg/kg, subcutaneous), or vehicle (1 mL/kg saline, subcutaneous) during adolescence (post-natal day [P] 28-41). Adult nicotine self-administration (0.02 mg/kg/infusion, intravenous) was assessed beginning on P75 on fixed-ratio 1 (FR1), fixed-interval 1 min (FI1), and progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement. RESULTS Adolescent nicotine pre-exposure did not affect adult nicotine self-administration on the simple FR1 schedule, however increased intake and responding for nicotine was observed when a short delay was implemented on an FI1 schedule of reinforcement. CONCLUSIONS Adolescence is a critical period when the brain is especially vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. Nicotine exposure in adolescence enhances susceptibility to increased nicotine intake in adulthood on a reinforcement schedule more reflective of human nicotine intake patterns, and this effect can extend into adulthood even after termination of nicotine exposure during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana Renda
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Allyson K Andrade
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jude A Frie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer E Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada; Collaborative Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Iyer V, Slivicki RA, Thomaz AC, Crystal JD, Mackie K, Hohmann AG. The cannabinoid CB 2 receptor agonist LY2828360 synergizes with morphine to suppress neuropathic nociception and attenuates morphine reward and physical dependence. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173544. [PMID: 32896549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The opioid crisis has underscored the urgent need to identify safe and effective therapeutic strategies to overcome opioid-induced liabilities. We recently reported that LY2828360, a slowly signaling G protein-biased cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist, suppresses neuropathic nociception and attenuates the development of tolerance to the opioid analgesic morphine in paclitaxel-treated mice. Whether beneficial effects of LY2828360 are dependent upon the presence of a pathological pain state are unknown and its impact on unwanted opioid-induced side-effects have never been investigated. Here, we asked whether LY2828360 would produce synergistic anti-allodynic effects with morphine in a paclitaxel model of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain and characterized its impact on opioid-induced reward and other unwanted side-effects associated with chronic opioid administration. Isobolographic analysis revealed that combinations of LY2828360 and morphine produced synergistic anti-allodynic effects in suppressing paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. In wildtype (WT) mice, LY2828360 blocked morphine-induced reward in a conditioned place preference assay without producing reward or aversion when administered alone. The LY2828360-induced attenuation of morphine-induced reward was absent in CB2 knockout (CB2KO) mice. In the absence of a neuropathic pain state, LY2828360 partially attenuated naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal in morphine-dependent WT mice, and this withdrawal was itself markedly exacerbated in CB2KO mice. Moreover, LY2828360 did not reliably alter morphine-induced slowing of colonic transit or attenuate tolerance to morphine antinociceptive efficacy in the hot plate test of acute nociception. Our results suggest that cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation enhances the therapeutic properties of opioids while attenuating unwanted side-effects such as reward and dependence that occur with sustained opioid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakh Iyer
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Richard A Slivicki
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ana C Thomaz
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Genome, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathon D Crystal
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Genome, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Genome, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Larrimore KE, Kannan L, Kendle RP, Jamal T, Barcus M, Stefanko K, Kilbourne J, Brimijoin S, Zhan CG, Neisewander J, Mor TS. A plant-derived cocaine hydrolase prevents cocaine overdose lethality and attenuates cocaine-induced drug seeking behavior. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109961. [PMID: 32387315 PMCID: PMC7398606 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorders include short-term and acute pathologies (e.g. overdose) and long-term and chronic disorders (e.g. intractable addiction and post-abstinence relapse). There is currently no available treatment that can effectively reduce morbidity and mortality associated with cocaine overdose or that can effectively prevent relapse in recovering addicts. One recently developed approach to treat these problems is the use of enzymes that rapidly break down the active cocaine molecule into inactive metabolites. In particular, rational design and site-directed mutagenesis transformed human serum recombinant butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) into a highly efficient cocaine hydrolase with drastically improved catalytic efficiency toward (-)-cocaine. A current drawback preventing the clinical application of this promising enzyme-based therapy is the lack of a cost-effective production strategy that is also flexible enough to rapidly scale-up in response to continuous improvements in enzyme design. Plant-based expression systems provide a unique solution as this platform is designed for fast scalability, low cost and the advantage of performing eukaryotic protein modifications such as glycosylation. A Plant-derived form of the Cocaine Super Hydrolase (A199S/F227A/S287G/A328W/Y332G) we designate PCocSH protects mice from cocaine overdose, counters the lethal effects of acute cocaine overdose, and prevents reinstatement of extinguished drug-seeking behavior in mice that underwent place conditioning with cocaine. These results demonstrate that the novel PCocSH enzyme may well serve as an effective therapeutic for cocaine use disorders in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Latha Kannan
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - R Player Kendle
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Tameem Jamal
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Matthew Barcus
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Kathryn Stefanko
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Kilbourne
- Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Janet Neisewander
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
| | - Tsafrir S Mor
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA; Center of Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
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Liu Y, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P, Yau JOY, Willing A, Prasad AA, Power JM, Killcross S, Clifford CWG, McNally GP. The Mesolimbic Dopamine Activity Signatures of Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6409-6427. [PMID: 32669355 PMCID: PMC7424877 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0724-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system comprises distinct compartments supporting different functions in learning and motivation. Less well understood is how complex addiction-related behaviors emerge from activity patterns across these compartments. Here we show how different forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking in male rats are assembled from activity across the VTA and the nucleus accumbens. First, we used chemogenetic approaches to show a causal role for VTA TH neurons in two forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking: renewal (context-induced reinstatement) and reacquisition. Then, using gCaMP fiber photometry of VTA TH neurons, we identified medial and lateral VTA TH neuron activity profiles during self-administration, renewal, and reacquisition. Next, we used optogenetic inhibition of VTA TH neurons to show distinct causal roles for VTA subregions in distinct forms of relapse. We then used dLight fiber photometry to measure dopamine binding across the ventral striatum (medial accumbens shell, accumbens core, lateral accumbens shell) and showed complex and heterogeneous profiles of dopamine binding during self-administration and relapse. Finally, we used representational similarity analysis to identify mesolimbic dopamine signatures of self-administration, extinction, and relapse. Our results show that signatures of relapse can be identified from heterogeneous activity profiles across the mesolimbic dopamine system and that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT It is axiomatic that the actions of dopamine are critical to drug addiction. Yet how relapse to drug-seeking is assembled from activity across the mesolimbic dopamine system is poorly understood. Here we show how relapse to alcohol-seeking relates to activity in specific VTA and accumbens compartments, how these change for different forms of relapse, and how relapse-associated activity relates to activity during self-administration and extinction. We report the mesolimbic dopamine activity signatures for relapse and show that these signatures are unique for different forms of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | - Joanna Oi-Yue Yau
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alexandra Willing
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Asheeta A Prasad
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John M Power
- Department of Physiology and Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Simon Killcross
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Colin W G Clifford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gavan P McNally
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Huynh YW, Raimondi A, Finkner A, Kuck JD, Selleck C, Bevins RA. Menthol blunts the interoceptive discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in female but not male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2395-2404. [PMID: 32448943 PMCID: PMC7354904 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Menthol is a widely used tobacco constituent that has shown to enhance nicotine's reinforcing effects. OBJECTIVE To determine whether injected menthol also alters nicotine's stimulus effects, we used a drug discrimination task. METHODS A total of 57 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (28M, 29F) received 20 positive and 20 negative days (intermixed) of discrimination training. On positive days, rats received a group-specific menthol and nicotine injection (VEH + 0.1 NIC, 1 M + 0.1 NIC, 5 M + 0.1 NIC, VEH + 0.4 NIC, 1 M + 0.4 NIC, 5 M + 0.4 NIC; mg/kg) before eight 15-s cue light presentations (conditioned stimulus (CS)), each followed by 4-s sucrose access. On negative days, all rats were injected with vehicle and saline before eight non-reinforced CS presentations. Next, rats underwent generalization testing with 30 dose combinations of menthol and nicotine. The change in drug-mediated anticipatory goal tracking during the CS was calculated as a difference score (CS minus pre-CS responding). RESULTS All groups readily acquired drug discrimination. However, difference scores for the 5M + 0.1 NIC group were lower for females. Additionally, females had lower scores for 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine generalization tests. The lowest nicotine dose discriminable from saline was 0.05 mg/kg for females but 0.025 mg/kg for males. Co-administration with 5 or 10 mg/kg menthol weakened discrimination performance between 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg and between 0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg nicotine for 0.1 mg/kg nicotine training groups. CONCLUSIONS Female rats that were trained with 0.1 mg/kg nicotine were more sensitive to menthol's modulatory effects on nicotine's stimulus effects. This highlights the importance of taking sex and training dose into account when evaluating the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine and menthol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wendy Huynh
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Anthony Raimondi
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Andrew Finkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Jordan D Kuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Carly Selleck
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA
| | - Rick A Bevins
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 238 Burnett Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68588-0308, USA.
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Lamb RJ, Schindler CW, Ginsburg BC. Ethanol-paired stimuli can increase reinforced ethanol responding. Alcohol 2020; 85:27-34. [PMID: 31689483 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While ethanol-paired stimuli are frequently postulated to increase drinking motivation and thus increase ethanol responding and precipitate relapse, no study has demonstrated increases in ethanol-reinforced responding following presentation of an ethanol-paired stimulus that had not previously been part of a contingent relationship. Previous studies have shown that food-paired stimuli can increase food responding that is at low rates and increase food consumption in food-sated rats. In Experiment 1, we show that an ethanol-paired stimulus can increase ethanol responding that is at low levels late in the experimental session, presumably due to satiation. However, these increases may have resulted from either associative or non-associative mechanisms. In Experiment 2, we compared the effects of an ethanol-paired stimulus to those of the same stimulus in a Truly-Random-Control group. In a Truly-Random-Control, the stimulus and ethanol each are presented on independent random schedules, and thus any differences between the effects of the stimulus in the experimental and control groups is likely attributable to the association between the stimulus and ethanol. The stimulus increased ethanol-reinforced responding in both the experimental and control groups, but these increases were greater in the experimental than the control group. Thus, both stimulus-change and the pairing of the stimulus with ethanol may result in increases in ethanol-reinforced responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Lamb
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
| | - Charles W Schindler
- Designer Drug Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brett C Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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31
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Serpa RO, Wagner CK, Wood RI. Developmental exposure to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate impairs adult delayed reinforcement and reversal learning in male and female rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12862. [PMID: 32485009 PMCID: PMC8130846 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Women with a history of unexplained miscarriage are frequently prescribed the synthetic progestin, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) during the middle trimester of pregnancy. However, little is known about the long-term behavioural effects of 17-OHPC. Work in rodents suggests that the developing brain is sensitive to progestins. Neonatal 17-OHPC impairs adult performance in set-shifting and delay discounting. The present study tested the effects of 17-OHPC (0.5 mg kg-1 ) or vehicle administration from postnatal days 1-14 on cognitive function in adulthood in rats. Cognitive function was assessed in males and females (n = 8-10 per group) by operant responding for sugar pellets, measuring delayed reinforcement or reversal learning. For delayed reinforcement, the rat must wait 15 seconds for pellets after responding on a lever. Delay is signalled by a light or is unsignalled. For reversal learning, the rat must respond on the lever under a stimulus light, and then learn to respond on the unlit lever. For delayed reinforcement, rats earned more pellets under signalled vs unsignalled conditions. Likewise, males made more responses and earned more pellets compared to females. Under signalled conditions, 17-OHPC-treated rats earned fewer pellets than controls. For reversal learning, the results were similar. Females required more trials than males to respond correctly for the new rule, and 17-OHPC-treated rats required more trials than controls. This suggests that 17-OHPC exposure during development may impair cognitive function. Considering that questions have been raised as to the efficacy of 17-OHPC to prevent miscarriage, it may be necessary to rethink the use of progestin therapy during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka O Serpa
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ruth I Wood
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Peterson VL, Richards JB, Meyer PJ, Cabrera-Rubio R, Tripi JA, King CP, Polesskaya O, Baud A, Chitre AS, Bastiaanssen TFS, Woods LS, Crispie F, Dinan TG, Cotter PD, Palmer AA, Cryan JF. Sex-dependent associations between addiction-related behaviors and the microbiome in outbred rats. EBioMedicine 2020; 55:102769. [PMID: 32403084 PMCID: PMC7218262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple factors contribute to the etiology of addiction, including genetics, sex, and a number of addiction-related behavioral traits. One behavioral trait where individuals assign incentive salience to food stimuli ("sign-trackers", ST) are more impulsive compared to those that do not ("goal-trackers", GT), as well as more sensitive to drugs and drug stimuli. Furthermore, this GT/ST phenotype predicts differences in other behavioral measures. Recent studies have implicated the gut microbiota as a key regulator of brain and behavior, and have shown that many microbiota-associated changes occur in a sex-dependent manner. However, few studies have examined how the microbiome might influence addiction-related behaviors. To this end, we sought to determine if gut microbiome composition was correlated with addiction-related behaviors determined by the GT/ST phenotype. METHODS Outbred male (N=101) and female (N=101) heterogeneous stock rats underwent a series of behavioral tests measuring impulsivity, attention, reward-learning, incentive salience, and locomotor response. Cecal microbiome composition was estimated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Behavior and microbiome were characterized and correlated with behavioral phenotypes. Robust sex differences were observed in both behavior and microbiome; further analyses were conducted within sex using the pre-established goal/sign-tracking (GT/ST) phenotype and partial least squares differential analysis (PLS-DA) clustered behavioral phenotype. RESULTS Overall microbiome composition was not associated to the GT/ST phenotype. However, microbial alpha diversity was significantly decreased in female STs. On the other hand, a measure of impulsivity had many significant correlations to microbiome in both males and females. Several measures of impulsivity were correlated with the genus Barnesiella in females. Female STs had notable correlations between microbiome and attentional deficient. In both males and females, many measures were correlated with the bacterial families Ruminocococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate correlations between several addiction-related behaviors and the microbiome specific to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Peterson
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 2.33, 2nd Floor, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jerry B Richards
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Meyer
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Raul Cabrera-Rubio
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jordan A Tripi
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Oksana Polesskaya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Amelie Baud
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Apurva S Chitre
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 2.33, 2nd Floor, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Fiona Crispie
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Room 2.33, 2nd Floor, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
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Kreisler AD, Terranova MJ, Somkuwar SS, Purohit DC, Wang S, Head BP, Mandyam CD. In vivo reduction of striatal D1R by RNA interference alters expression of D1R signaling-related proteins and enhances methamphetamine addiction in male rats. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1073-1088. [PMID: 32246242 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to determine if reducing dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) expression in the dorsal striatum (DS) via RNA-interference alters methamphetamine self-administration. A lentiviral construct containing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knock down D1R expression (D1RshRNA). D1RshRNA in male rats increased responding for methamphetamine (i.v.) under a fixed-ratio schedule in an extended access paradigm, compared to D1R-intact rats. D1RshRNA also produced a vertical shift in a dose-response paradigm and enhanced responding for methamphetamine in a progressive-ratio schedule, generating a drug-vulnerable phenotype. D1RshRNA did not alter responding for sucrose (oral) under a fixed-ratio schedule compared to D1R-intact rats. Western blotting confirmed reduced D1R expression in methamphetamine and sucrose D1RshRNA rats. D1RshRNA reduced the expression of PSD-95 and MAPK-1 and increased the expression of dopamine transporter (DAT) in the DS from methamphetamine, but not sucrose rats. Sucrose density gradient fractionation was performed in behavior-naïve controls, D1RshRNA- and D1R-intact rats to determine the subcellular localization of D1Rs, DAT and D1R signaling proteins. D1Rs, DAT, MAPK-1 and PSD-95 predominantly localized to heavy fractions, and the membrane/lipid raft protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and flotillin-1 were distributed equally between buoyant and heavy fractions in controls. Methamphetamine increased localization of PSD-95, Cav-1, and flotillin-1 in D1RshRNA and D1R-intact rats to buoyant fractions. Our studies indicate that reduced D1R expression in the DS increases vulnerability to methamphetamine addiction-like behavior, and this is accompanied by striatal alterations in the expression of DAT and D1R signaling proteins and is independent of the subcellular localization of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shanshan Wang
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Brian P Head
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Chitra D Mandyam
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
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Wolter M, Huff AE, Baidoo N, Jardine KH, Pulles Z, Winters BD, Leri F. Modulation of object memory consolidation by heroin and heroin-conditioned stimuli: Role of opioid and noradrenergic systems. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:146-157. [PMID: 32067860 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is recent evidence that cocaine, nicotine, and their conditioned stimuli have the ability to enhance memory consolidation. The present study compared the effects of post-training heroin and of a heroin contextual conditioned stimulus (CS+) on consolidation of object recognition memory and investigated the roles of opioid and beta-adrenergic receptors in heroin/CS+ memory modulation by co-administering the respective antagonists, naltrexone (NTX) and propranolol (PRO). Three experiments were performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats demonstrating that immediate, but not delayed, post-sample exposure to heroin (0.3, 1 mg/kg), or exposure (30 min) to a contextual CS+ paired with 1 mg/kg heroin (5 pairings, each 120 min), equally enhanced object memory. Importantly, while the memory enhancing effects of 1 mg/kg heroin and of the contextual CS+ were not altered by post-training co-administration of 3 mg/kg naltrexone, they were blocked by post-training co-administration of 10 mg/kg propranolol. Taken together, these data suggest that a context paired with heroin shares the memory enhancing effect of heroin itself and that these unconditioned and conditioned drug stimuli may modulate memory through the activation of beta-noradrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wolter
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew E Huff
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nana Baidoo
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kristen H Jardine
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zoey Pulles
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology & Collaborative Neuroscience Program, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, N1G 2W1 Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Hastings MH, Gauthier JM, Mabry K, Tran A, Man HY, Kantak KM. Facilitative effects of environmental enrichment for cocaine relapse prevention are dependent on extinction training context and involve increased TrkB signaling in dorsal hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Behav Brain Res 2020; 386:112596. [PMID: 32194188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine-cue extinction training combined with brief interventions of environmental enrichment (EE) was shown previously to facilitate extinction and attenuate reacquisition of cocaine self-administration in rats. It is unknown whether or not the usefulness of this approach would be undermined if extinction training took place in a novel rather than familiar context. Drawing on previous studies involving pharmacological interventions, we hypothesized that the facilitative effects of EE for cocaine relapse prevention would be independent of the context used for extinction training. Rats trained to self-administer cocaine underwent cocaine-cue extinction training in either the familiar self-administration context or a novel context, with or without EE. Rats then were tested for reacquisition of cocaine self-administration in the familiar context. Target brain regions were lysed and probed for memory-related changes in receptors for glutamate and BDNF by western blotting. Contrary to our hypothesis, the facilitative effects of EE for cocaine relapse prevention were dependent on the context used for extinction training. While EE facilitated extinction regardless of context used, it inhibited cocaine relapse only after extinction training in the familiar context. EE was associated with increased GluA2 in nucleus accumbens, TrkB in dorsal hippocampus and activated TrkB in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Of these, the changes in dorsal hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex mirrored outcomes of the cocaine relapse tests in that these changes were specific to rats receiving EE plus extinction training in the familiar context. These findings support a role for hippocampal-prefrontal BDNF-TrkB signaling in extinction-based relapse prevention strategies involving EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Hastings
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Jamie M Gauthier
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, USA
| | - Kyle Mabry
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, USA
| | - Audrey Tran
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, USA; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Kathleen M Kantak
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, USA; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, USA.
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Turner C, De Luca M, Wolfheimer J, Hernandez N, Madsen KL, Schmidt HD. Administration of a novel high affinity PICK1 PDZ domain inhibitor attenuates cocaine seeking in rats. Neuropharmacology 2020; 164:107901. [PMID: 31805281 PMCID: PMC6954965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein interacting with C kinase-1 (PICK1) regulates intra-cellular trafficking of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors, a process known to play a critical role in cocaine-seeking behavior. This suggests that PICK1 may represent a molecular target for developing novel pharmacotherapies to treat cocaine craving-induced relapse. Emerging evidence indicates that inhibition of PICK1 attenuates the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior, an animal model of relapse. Here, we show that systemic administration of TAT-P4-(DATC5)2, a novel high-affinity peptide inhibitor of the PICK1 PDZ domain, dose-dependently attenuated the reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats at doses that did not produce operant learning deficits or suppress locomotor activity. We also show that systemic TAT-P4-(DATC5)2 penetrated the brain where it was visualized in the nucleus accumbens shell. Consistent with these effects, infusions of TAT-P4-(DATC5)2 directly into the accumbens shell reduced cocaine, but not sucrose, seeking. The effects of TAT-P4-(DATC5)2 on cocaine seeking are likely due, in part, to inhibition of PICK1 in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the accumbens shell as TAT-P4-(DATC5)2 was shown to accumulate in striatal neurons and bind PICK1. Taken together, these findings highlight a novel role for PICK1 in the reinstatement of cocaine seeking and support future studies examining the efficacy of peptide inhibitors of PICK1 in animal and human models of cocaine relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Turner
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marta De Luca
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 3, DK, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jordan Wolfheimer
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nicole Hernandez
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth Lindegaard Madsen
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen Blegdamsvej 3, DK, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) for rodents is generally defined as providing subjects with an environment enhanced with access to conspecifics, novel and tactile stimuli, and in many preparations, more space. EE exposure, in particular as an "intervention" in adult rodents, decreases food and drug seeking and taking. This review focuses on the reduction of sucrose seeking and taking in rats assessed in operant-based procedures. The operant-based model provides a means to evaluate addiction-related behaviors. Findings using the model might translate to clinically-relevant addiction behaviors directed towards both drugs and food. Both overnight (acute) and one month (chronic) EE effects on behavior are described, including a recent evaluation of the persistence of EE effects following its removal. EE effects on neurobiology related to sucrose seeking using the model are outlined, with a special emphasis on meso-cortico-limbic terminals. Overall, our working hypothesis for how EE reduces sucrose seeking and taking is that EE alters processing of incentive valence. This may also be accompanied by changes in learning and affect. Anti-seeking and anti-taking effects of EE have translational implications for the prevention and treatment of both drug addiction and food-focused behaviors ("food addiction").
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Grimm
- Department of Psychology and Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA.
| | - Frances Sauter
- Department of Psychology and Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA
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38
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Barrett ST, Thompson BM, Emory JR, Larsen CE, Pittenger ST, Harris EN, Bevins RA. Sex Differences in the Reward-Enhancing Effects of Nicotine on Ethanol Reinforcement: A Reinforcer Demand Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:238-247. [PMID: 30982885 PMCID: PMC7297098 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is often consumed with tobacco, and dependence to alcohol and tobacco are highly comorbid. In addition, there are differences in the prevalence of nicotine- and alcohol-abuse between the sexes. Nicotine produces enhancing effects on the value of other reinforcers, which may extend to alcohol. METHODS Male and female Wistar rats were trained to self-administer 15% ethanol solution in 30-minute sessions. Once ethanol self-administration was established, demand for ethanol was evaluated using an exponential reinforcer demand method, in which the response cost per reinforcer delivery was systematically increased over blocks of several sessions. Within each cost condition, rats were preinjected with nicotine (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg base, SC) or saline 5 minutes before self-administration sessions. The effects of nicotine dose and biological sex were evaluated using the estimates generated by the reinforcer demand model. RESULTS Under saline conditions, males showed greater sensitivity to ethanol reinforcement than females. Nicotine enhanced the reinforcement value of alcohol and this varied with sex. In both sexes, 0.4 mg/kg nicotine decreased intensity of ethanol demand. However, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg nicotine decreased elasticity of ethanol demand in females, but not in males. CONCLUSIONS Nicotine enhances ethanol reinforcement, which may partially drive comorbidity between nicotine-abuse and alcohol-abuse. Males showed signs of greater ethanol reinforcement value than females under saline conditions, and nicotine attenuated this effect by increasing ethanol reinforcement value in the females. These findings highlight that a complete understanding of alcohol-abuse must include a thorough study of alcohol use in the context of other drug use, including nicotine. IMPLICATIONS Nicotine dose dependently enhances the alcohol reinforcement value in a manner that is clearly influenced by biological sex. Under saline baseline conditions, males show lower elasticity of demand for alcohol reinforcement than females, indicative of greater reinforcement value. However, nicotine attenuated this difference by enhancing alcohol reward in the females. Specifically, low-to-moderate doses (0.05-0.2 mg/kg) of nicotine decreased elasticity of alcohol demand in female rats, increasing the perseverance of their alcohol taking behavior. These data indicate that the well-documented reward-enhancing effects of nicotine on sensory reinforcement extend to alcohol reinforcement and that these vary with biological sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Barrett
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Brady M Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Jessica R Emory
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Chris E Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | | | - Edward N Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
| | - Rick A Bevins
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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Fanet H, Ducrocq F, Tournissac M, Oummadi A, Lo A, Bourrassa P, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Azzougen B, Capuron L, Layé S, Moussa F, Trifilieff P, Calon F, Vancassel S. Tetrahydrobiopterin administration facilitates amphetamine-induced dopamine release and motivation in mice. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112348. [PMID: 31711897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a critical neurotransmitter involved in motivational processes. Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in DA synthesis. Decreases in BH4 levels are observed in several DA-related neuropsychiatric diseases involving impairment in motivation. Yet, whether BH4 could be used to treat motivational deficits has not been comprehensively investigated. To investigate the effects of exogenous BH4 administration on the dopaminergic system and related behaviors, we acutely injected mice with BH4 (50 mg/kg). Passage of BH4 through the blood brain barrier and accumulation in brain was measured using the in situ brain perfusion technique. DA release was then recorded using in-vivo micro-dialysis and motivation was evaluated through operant conditioning paradigms in basal condition and after an amphetamine (AMPH) injection. First, we showed that BH4 crosses the blood-brain barrier and that an acute peripheral injection of BH4 is sufficient to increase the concentrations of biopterins in the brain, without affecting BH4- and DA-related protein expression. Second, we report that this increase in BH4 enhanced AMPH-stimulated DA release in the nucleus accumbens. Finally, we found that BH4-induced DA release led to improved performance of a motivational task. Altogether, these findings suggest that BH4, through its action on the dopaminergic tone, could be used as a motivational enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fanet
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - F Ducrocq
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Tournissac
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - A Oummadi
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Lo
- LETIAM, Lip(Sys)2' EA7357, IUT d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud 11, Plateau de Moulon, Orsay, France; Biochemistry and Neuropediatrics Department, Groupe Hospitalier Trousseau Laroche-Guyon, 26 Avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, Paris, France
| | - P Bourrassa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - B Azzougen
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - L Capuron
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - S Layé
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - F Moussa
- LETIAM, Lip(Sys)2' EA7357, IUT d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud 11, Plateau de Moulon, Orsay, France; Biochemistry and Neuropediatrics Department, Groupe Hospitalier Trousseau Laroche-Guyon, 26 Avenue du Dr Arnold Netter, Paris, France
| | - P Trifilieff
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - F Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Neurosciences Axis, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada
| | - S Vancassel
- INRA, Nutrition and Integrated Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France; OptiNutriBrain International Associated Laboratory (NurtriNeuro France-INAF Canada), Quebec City, Canada.
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Moslemi M, Khodagholi F, Asadi S, Rafiei S, Motamedi F. Oxytocin protects against 3-NP induced learning and memory impairment in rats: Sex differences in behavioral and molecular responses to the context of prenatal stress. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112354. [PMID: 31733312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory impairment manifests years before the onset of motor impairments in Huntington's disease (HD). Oxytocin (OXT), as a neurohypophyseal neuropeptide has a key role in both learning and memory. Hence, we investigated possible protective effect of OXT on instrumental fear conditioning memory impairment by 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced HD, considering sex and prenatal stress effects. Pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to restraint stress for 45 min three times a day, from the gestational day 8 to parturition. 3-NP was injected intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg) for 5-7 days after OXT (10 μg/μl. icv) injection in the male and female offspring rats respectively. One day after the last 3-NP injection, the rotarod and passive avoidance task were conducted. As the key molecular determinants in metabolism and memory processes, we measured the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the amount of receptor interacting protein3 (RIP3) in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, striatum and amygdala using spectrophotometry and western blotting respectively. Besides, the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase was measured (GDH) as a chain between metabolism and memory formation. The results indicated that OXT improved learning and memory impairment caused by 3-NP or prenatal stress in both sexes. It was along with a significant decrease in the level of RIP3, AChE and GDH activities. However, in the presence of prenatal stress, the OXT could improve 3-NP induced learning and memory impairments just in female rats. So it could be suggested as an effective neurotherapeutic agent in diseases such as HD, but its sex and context dependency should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Moslemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sareh Asadi
- NeuroBiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
RATIONALE The neuropeptide galanin has been implicated in a wide range of pathological conditions in which frontal and temporal structures are compromised. It works through three subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors. One of these, the galanin receptor 1 (Gal-R1) subtype, is densely expressed in the ventral hippocampus (vHC) and ventral prefrontal cortex (vPFC); two brain structures that have similar actions on behavioral control. We hypothesize that Gal-R1 contributes to cognitive-control mechanisms that require hippocampal-prefrontal cortical circuitry. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of local vHC and vPFC infusions of M617, a Gal-R1 agonist, on inhibitory mechanisms of response control. METHODS Different cohorts of rats were implanted with bilateral guide cannulae targeting the vPFC or the vHC. Following infusion of the Gal-R1 agonist, we examined the animals' behavior using a touchscreen version of the 5-choice reaction time task (5-choice task). RESULTS The Gal-R1 agonist produced opposing behaviors in the vPFC and vHC, leading to disruption of impulse control when infused in the vPFC but high impulse control when infused into the vHC. This contrast between areas was accentuated when we added variability to the timing of the stimulus, which led to long decision times and reduced accuracy in the vPFC group but a general improvement in performance accuracy in the vHC group. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence of a selective mechanism of Gal-R1-mediated modulation of impulse control in prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Messanvi
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - A Perkins
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J du Hoffmann
- Rodent Behavioral Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Chudasama
- Section on Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Rodent Behavioral Core, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Prasad AA, Xie C, Chaichim C, Nguyen JH, McClusky HE, Killcross S, Power JM, McNally GP. Complementary Roles for Ventral Pallidum Cell Types and Their Projections in Relapse. J Neurosci 2020; 40:880-893. [PMID: 31818977 PMCID: PMC6975293 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0262-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral pallidum (VP) is a key node in the neural circuits controlling relapse to drug seeking. How this role relates to different VP cell types and their projections is poorly understood. Using male rats, we show how different forms of relapse to alcohol-seeking are assembled from VP cell types and their projections to lateral hypothalamus (LH) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Using RNAScope in situ hybridization to characterize activity of different VP cell types during relapse to alcohol-seeking provoked by renewal (context-induced reinstatement), we found that VP Gad1 and parvalbumin (PV), but not vGlut2, neurons show relapse-associated changes in c-Fos expression. Next, we used retrograde tracing, chemogenetic, and electrophysiological approaches to study the roles of VPGad1 and VPPV neurons in relapse. We show that VPGad1 neurons contribute to contextual control over relapse (renewal), but not to relapse during reacquisition, via projections to LH, where they converge with ventral striatal inputs onto LHGad1 neurons. This convergence of striatopallidal inputs at the level of individual LHGad1 neurons may be critical to balancing propensity for relapse versus abstinence. In contrast, VPPV neurons contribute to relapse during both renewal and reacquisition via projections to VTA. These findings identify a double dissociation in the roles for different VP cell types and their projections in relapse. VPGad1 neurons control relapse during renewal via projections to LH. VPPV neurons control relapse during both renewal and reacquisition via projections to VTA. Targeting these different pathways may provide tailored interventions for different forms of relapse.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Relapse to drug or reward seeking after a period of extinction or abstinence remains a key impediment to successful treatment. The ventral pallidum, located in the ventral basal ganglia, has long been recognized as an obligatory node in a 'final common pathway' for relapse. Yet how this role relates to the considerable VP cellular and circuit heterogeneity is not well understood. We studied the cellular and circuit architecture for VP in relapse control. We show that different forms of relapse have complementary VP cellular and circuit architectures, raising the possibility that targeting these different neural architectures may provide tailored interventions for different forms of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chanchanok Chaichim
- Department of Physiology and Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | | | | | | | - John M Power
- Department of Physiology and Translational Neuroscience Facility, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Pitts EG, Barfield ET, Woon EP, Gourley SL. Action-Outcome Expectancies Require Orbitofrontal Neurotrophin Systems in Naïve and Cocaine-Exposed Mice. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:165-177. [PMID: 31218603 PMCID: PMC7007486 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use during adolescence decreases the likelihood that individuals will seek treatment for recurrent drug use. In rodents, developmental cocaine exposure weakens action-consequence decision-making, causing a deferral to familiar, habit-like behavioral response strategies. Here, we aimed to improve action-outcome decision-making. We found that acute pharmacological stimulation of the tyrosine/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (trkB) via 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) blocked cocaine-induced habit biases by strengthening memory for action-outcome associations. We believe that MDMA acts by stimulating neurotrophin/trkB systems in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a region involved in prospectively evaluating the consequences of one's action, because 1) MDMA also increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the OFC, 2) MDMA corrected habit biases due to Bdnf loss in the OFC, and 3) overexpression of a truncated isoform of trkB occluded the memory-enhancing effects of MDMA. Thus, selecting actions based on their consequences requires BDNF-trkB in the OFC, the stimulation of which may improve goal attainment in both drug-naïve and cocaine-exposed individuals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cocaine use during adolescence decreases the likelihood that individuals will seek treatment for recurrent drug use, even as adults. Understanding how early-life cocaine exposure impacts goal-oriented action and prospective decision-making in adulthood is thus important. One key aspect of goal-directed decision-making is anticipating the consequences of one's actions, a process that likely involves the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). In rodents, developmental cocaine exposure weakens action-consequence decision-making, causing a deferral to familiar, habit-like behavioral response strategies. Here, we report that we can improve memory for action-consequence relationships by stimulating neurotrophic factors, which support cell survival, development, and plasticity in the brain. With strengthened action-consequence associations, cocaine-exposed mice regain the ability to optimally select actions based on their likely outcomes. Brain region-selective manipulations reveal that neurotrophin systems in the OFC are necessary for stable memory of action-consequence relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Pitts
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Barfield
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Ellen P Woon
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Dr. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Uribe KP, Correa VL, Pinales BE, Flores RJ, Cruz B, Shan Z, Bruijnzeel AW, Khan AM, O'Dell LE. Overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor in the nucleus accumbens enhances the reinforcing effects of nicotine in intact female versus male and ovariectomized female rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:394-403. [PMID: 31614362 PMCID: PMC6901467 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0543-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the role of stress systems in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in promoting sex differences in the reinforcing effects of nicotine. Intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of various doses of nicotine was compared following overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the NAc of female and male rats. Ovariectomized (OVX) females were also included to assess the role of ovarian hormones in promoting nicotine reinforcement. Rats received intra-NAc administration of an adeno-associated vector that overexpressed CRF (AAV2/5-CRF) or green fluorescent protein (AAV2/5-GFP). All rats were then given extended access (23 h/day) to an inactive and an active lever that delivered nicotine. Separate groups of rats received intra-NAc AAV2/5-CRF and saline IVSA. Rats were also allowed to nose-poke for food and water during IVSA testing. At the end of the study, the NAc was dissected and rt-qPCR methods were used to estimate CRF overexpression and changes in CRF receptors (CRFr1, CRFr2) and the CRF receptor internalizing protein, β-arrestin2 (Arrb2). Overexpression of CRF in the NAc increased nicotine IVSA to a larger extent in intact female versus male and OVX females. Food intake was increased to a larger extent in intact and OVX females as compared to males. The increase in CRF gene expression was similar across all groups; however, in females, overexpression of CRF resulted in a larger increase in CRFr1 and CRFr2 relative to males. In males, overexpression of CRF produced a larger increase in Arrb2 than females, suggesting greater CRF receptor internalization. Our results suggest that stress systems in the NAc promote the reinforcing effectiveness of nicotine in female rats in an ovarian hormone-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Uribe
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Victor L Correa
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Briana E Pinales
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Rodolfo J Flores
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Bryan Cruz
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Zhiying Shan
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | | | - Arshad M Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Laura E O'Dell
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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Farrell MR, Ruiz CM, Castillo E, Faget L, Khanbijian C, Liu S, Schoch H, Rojas G, Huerta MY, Hnasko TS, Mahler SV. Ventral pallidum is essential for cocaine relapse after voluntary abstinence in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2174-2185. [PMID: 31476762 PMCID: PMC6898676 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0507-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder, and during recovery many people experience several relapse events as they attempt to voluntarily abstain from drug. New preclinical relapse models have emerged that capture this common human experience, and mounting evidence indicates that resumption of drug seeking after voluntary abstinence recruits neural circuits distinct from those recruited during reinstatement after experimenter-imposed abstinence, or abstinence due to extinction training. Ventral pallidum (VP), a key limbic node involved in drug seeking, has well-established roles in conventional reinstatement models tested following extinction training, but it is unclear whether this region also participates in more translationally relevant models of relapse. Here we show that chemogenetic inhibition of VP neurons decreased cocaine-, context-, and cue-induced relapse tested after voluntary, punishment-induced abstinence. This effect was strongest in the most compulsive, punishment-resistant rats, and reinstatement was associated with neural activity in anatomically defined VP subregions. VP inhibition also attenuated the propensity of rats to display "abortive lever pressing," a species-typical risk assessment behavior seen here during punished drug taking, likely resulting from concurrent approach and avoidance motivations. These results indicate that VP, unlike other connected limbic brain regions, is essential for resumption of drug seeking after voluntary abstinence. Since VP inhibition effects were strongest in the most compulsively cocaine-seeking individuals, this may also indicate that VP plays a particularly important role in the most pathological, addiction-like behavior, making it an attractive target for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Farrell
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Christina M Ruiz
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Erik Castillo
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lauren Faget
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christine Khanbijian
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Gerardo Rojas
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michelle Y Huerta
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Thomas S Hnasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- VASDHS Research Service, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Stephen V Mahler
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1203 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Vijeepallam K, Pandy V, Murugan DD, Naidu M. Methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaf inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice: involvement of antidopaminergic mechanism. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1713-1722. [PMID: 31396844 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa leaf (MMS) against the rewarding and reinforcing properties of ethanol using a mouse model of conditioned place preference (CPP) and runway model of drug self-administration was studied. Subsequently, the effect of MMS on dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the mouse brain was further investigated. From the data obtained, MMS (50 and 75 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reversed the ethanol-place preference in mice, which is similar to the effect observed in the reference drugs acamprosate (300 mg/kg, p.o.) and clozapine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment groups in CPP test. Likewise, the escalating doses of ethanol-conditioned mice reduced the runtime to reach goal box, infers the positive reinforcing effects of alcohol. Interestingly, MMS (50, 75 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly prolonged the runtime in ethanol-conditioned mice. Besides, MMS (50 and 75 mg/kg, p.o.) and reference drugs; acamprosate (300 mg/kg, p.o.) and clozapine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) treated mice significantly decreased the alcohol-induced elevated dopamine level in the NAc region of the brain. Overall, this study provides first evidence that MMS inhibits ethanol seeking behaviour in mice. Based on these findings, we suggest that Mitragyna speciosa may well be utilized for novel drug development to combat alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Vijeepallam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522034, India.
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murali Naidu
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhukovsky P, Puaud M, Jupp B, Sala-Bayo J, Alsiö J, Xia J, Searle L, Morris Z, Sabir A, Giuliano C, Everitt BJ, Belin D, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Withdrawal from escalated cocaine self-administration impairs reversal learning by disrupting the effects of negative feedback on reward exploitation: a behavioral and computational analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:2163-2173. [PMID: 30952156 PMCID: PMC6895115 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is regarded as a disorder of inflexible choice with behavior dominated by immediate positive rewards over longer-term negative outcomes. However, the psychological mechanisms underlying the effects of self-administered drugs on behavioral flexibility are not well understood. To investigate whether drug exposure causes asymmetric effects on positive and negative outcomes we used a reversal learning procedure to assess how reward contingencies are utilized to guide behavior in rats previously exposed to intravenous cocaine self-administration (SA). Twenty-four rats were screened for anxiety in an open field prior to acquisition of cocaine SA over six daily sessions with subsequent long-access cocaine SA for 7 days. Control rats (n = 24) were trained to lever-press for food under a yoked schedule of reinforcement. Higher rates of cocaine SA were predicted by increased anxiety and preceded impaired reversal learning, expressed by a decrease in lose-shift as opposed to win-stay probability. A model-free reinforcement learning algorithm revealed that rats with high, but not low cocaine escalation failed to exploit previous reward learning and were more likely to repeat the same response as the previous trial. Eight-day withdrawal from high cocaine escalation was associated, respectively, with increased and decreased dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and serotonin receptor 2C (HTR2C) expression in the ventral striatum compared with controls. Dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) expression was also significantly reduced in the orbitofrontal cortex of high cocaine-escalating rats. These findings indicate that withdrawal from escalated cocaine SA disrupts how negative feedback is used to guide goal-directed behavior for natural reinforcers and that trait anxiety may be a latent variable underlying this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zhukovsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Mickael Puaud
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Júlia Sala-Bayo
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Johan Alsiö
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Lydia Searle
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Zoe Morris
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Aryan Sabir
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Chiara Giuliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - David Belin
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
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Barfield ET, Gourley SL. Glucocorticoid-sensitive ventral hippocampal-orbitofrontal cortical connections support goal-directed action - Curt Richter Award Paper 2019. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104436. [PMID: 31526526 PMCID: PMC6859207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In an ever-changing and often ambiguous environment, organisms must use previously learned associations between antecedents and outcomes to predict future associations and make optimal choices. Chronic stress can impair one's ability to flexibly adjust behaviors when environmental contingencies change, particularly in cases of early-life stress. In mice, exposure to elevated levels of the primary stress hormone, corticosterone (CORT), during early adolescence is sufficient to impair response-outcome decision making later in life, biasing response strategies towards inflexible habits. Nevertheless, neurobiological mechanisms are still being defined. Here, we report that exposure to excess CORT in adolescence causes a loss of dendritic spines on excitatory pyramidal neurons in the lateral, but not medial, orbital prefrontal cortex (loPFC) of mice, and spine loss correlates with the severity of habit biases in adulthood. Excess CORT also reduces the presence of ventral hippocampal (vHC) axon terminals in the loPFC. To identify functional consequences, we inactivated vHC→loPFC projections in typical healthy mice during a period when mice must update response-outcome expectations to optimally acquire food reinforcers. Inactivation impaired the animals' subsequent ability to sustainably choose actions based on likely outcomes, causing them to defer to habit-based response strategies. Thus, vHC→loPFC projections are necessary for response-outcome expectancy updating and a target of excess glucocorticoids during early-life development. Their degradation is likely involved in long-term biases towards habit-based behaviors following glucocorticoid excess in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Barfield
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Shannon L Gourley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Graduate Training Programs in Neuroscience and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, USA.
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49
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Tapia MA, Lee JR, Bathe EL, Rivera LL, Mason KL, Cessac ME, Bodeen JL, Miller DK, Will MJ. Sigma-1 receptor antagonist, PD144418, selectively reduces female motivation for food during negative energy balance. Behav Brain Res 2019; 373:112087. [PMID: 31325519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 (σ1) receptors have been investigated for their involvement in learning, rewarding and motivational processes. PD144418, a σ1 receptor antagonist, has been found to produce a dose-dependent attenuation of locomotor activity induced by cocaine, and by itself, does not suppress basal locomotor activity in mice. Moreover, PD144418 decreases the motivational effort of a food-reinforced behavior in male rats, without altering appetite or food palatability. It remains unknown whether the PD144418 can alter the motivational effort of a food-reinforced behavior in response to altered energy homeostasis, as is the case under 24 -h food deprivation. Additionally, while the previous experiments indicate effects in male rats, there has been no research examining the effects of PD144418, or any other σ1 receptor antagonist, on motivational aspects of feeding in females. The present study examined the effects of PD144418 on motivational aspects of feeding in male and female rats using an operant task under sated or food deprived conditions. Results indicated that when animals are sated, at the highest dose (10 μmol/kg), under a progressive ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule, PD144418 significantly attenuated the breakpoint and the number of active lever responses for sucrose pellets in both males and females. When animals are in a state of energy deficit, as is the case following 24-hr food deprivation, PD144418 does not alter motivationally driven operant responding as measured by the breakpoint in either sex but does alter the number of earned reinforcers responses in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Tapia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jenna R Lee
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Emily L Bathe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Leticia L Rivera
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kelsey L Mason
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Mikala E Cessac
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Bodeen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Dennis K Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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50
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Altshuler RD, Carpenter CA, Franke TJ, Gnegy ME, Jutkiewicz EM. The protein kinase Cβ-selective inhibitor, enzastaurin, attenuates amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity and self-administration behaviors in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3231-3242. [PMID: 31134292 PMCID: PMC6832797 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pathological amphetamine (AMPH) use is a serious public health concern with no pharmacological treatment options. Protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ) has been implicated in the mechanism of action of AMPH, such that inhibition of PKCβ attenuates AMPH-stimulated dopamine efflux in vivo. With this in mind, inhibition of PKCβ may be a viable therapeutic target for AMPH use disorder. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that selective pharmacological inhibition of PKCβ alters AMPH-stimulated behaviors in rats. METHODS Rats were administered intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of the PKCβ-selective inhibitor enzastaurin 0.5, 3, 6, or 18 h before evaluating AMPH-stimulated locomotion (0.32-3.2 mg/kg). Rats were trained to make responses for different doses of AMPH infusions or sucrose under a fixed ratio 5 schedule of reinforcement, and the effects of enzastaurin pretreatment 3 or 18 h prior to a self-administration session were determined. Also, the effect of enzastaurin on AMPH-stimulated PKC activity in the ventral striatum was evaluated. RESULTS A large dose of enzastaurin (1 nmol) decreased AMPH-stimulated locomotor activity 0.5 h following enzastaurin administration. Small doses of enzastaurin (10-30 pmol) attenuated AMPH-stimulated locomotor activity and shifted the AMPH dose-effect curve to the right following an 18-h pretreatment. Rats pretreated with enzastaurin 18 h, but not 3, prior to a self-administration session showed a decrease in the number of responses for AMPH, shifted the ascending limb of the amphetamine dose effect curve, and produced no change in responses for sucrose. AMPH-stimulated PKC activity was decreased following a 0.5- or 18-h pretreatment, but not a 3-h pretreatment of enzastaurin. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that inhibition of PKCβ will decrease AMPH-stimulated behaviors and neurobiological changes and suggest that PKCβ is potentially a viable target for AMPH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Altshuler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Colleen A Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Timothy J Franke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Margaret E Gnegy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Emily M Jutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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