476
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Krishnamoorthy KM, Rao S. Anomalous circumflex coronary artery from pulmonary artery. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2004; 12:186. [PMID: 15213093 DOI: 10.1177/021849230401200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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477
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Beighton D, Brailsford SR, Gilbert SC, Clark DT, Rao S, Wilkins JC, Tarelli E, Homer KA. Intra-Oral Acid Production Associated with Eating Whole or Pulped Raw Fruits. Caries Res 2004; 38:341-9. [PMID: 15181333 DOI: 10.1159/000078180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2003] [Accepted: 11/20/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypotheses that raw fruits, whether whole or pulped, were cleared rapidly from the mouth and that the sugars in the whole and pulped fruits are fermented with equal efficiency to acids by the oral microflora were tested in this study. Groups of 7-9 adult subjects chewed 10 g of raw, whole or pulped fruit (apple, banana, orange, pear and pineapple) for 1 min and whole, unstimulated saliva samples were collected during the following 60-min interval. Each saliva sample was assayed for the concentrations of fruit-derived sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), fruit-derived acids (malic and citric) and acids which may be produced as a result of bacterial fermentation (acetic, lactic, formic and succinic). We found the fruit-derived sugars were rapidly cleared from the mouth (within 5 min). The major bacterially produced acids were lactic and succinic, which reached maximum concentrations in the 5-min sample. There was no significant difference, within a fruit, in the salivary levels of any of the sugars or acids between the raw whole or raw pulped forms. In light of these findings it seems unwise to assume that fruits may be consumed without consideration of their acidogenic potential.
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478
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Pollack R, Sklarin N, Rao S, Divon M. Metastatic placental lymphoma associated with maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/0020-7292(94)90091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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479
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Meenakshi-Sundaram S, Sinha S, Rao M, Prashanth LK, Arunodaya GR, Rao S, Swamy HS, Taly AB. Cardiac involvement in Wilson's disease--an electrocardiographic observation. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2004; 52:294-6. [PMID: 15636330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wilson's disease is known for its protean manifestations; however electrocardiographic abnormalities have not received much attention. AIM To evaluate the various electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in patients with Wilson's disease. METHOD The resting ECGs of 50 patients with Wilson's disease were systematically analyzed independently by three observers after excluding other causes that could induce ECG abnormalities. RESULT Fifteen patients had at least one abnormality in the ECG. Sinus tachycardia was seen in eight and sinus bradycardia in six. Other abnormalities included: bifid P wave (1), ST elevation (2), ST depression (2), T inversion (4), ventricular premature contraction - VPC (1) and prominent U waves (1). QRS axis, PR interval, QRS complex, R/S amplitude ratio and QT interval were normal in all. Ventricular premature beats were not recorded in any. None had features of ventricular hypertrophy. There was no statistically significant difference in ECG abnormalities with reference to age, gender, duration of illness or treatment, serum copper or ceruloplasmin, and severity of neurological impairment. CONCLUSION ECG abnormalities are not uncommon in Wilson's disease and are presumably related to an underlying cardiomyopathy due to deposition of copper in heart.
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480
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Mehanna D, Abu-Zidan FM, Rao S. Liver metastasis in renal chondrosarcoma. Singapore Med J 2004; 45:183-5. [PMID: 15094989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
A 39-year-old woman who had a left radical nephrectomy for a renal chondrosarcoma presented 18 years later with a large epigastric mass and deep jaundice. The patient was very dyspnoeic and had a feeling of continuous pressure on her chest. Computed tomography arterioportography of the abdomen showed that the mass involved both lobes of the liver. Multiple non-anatomical resections of tumour masses were performed, including a mass arising from the falciform ligament, left lateral segment, and segments VII and VIII. The largest resected mass weighed 2.5kg and had a diameter of 15cm. Histopathology of the hepatic metastasis was similar to the original renal chondrosarcoma. The patient was followed up for 24 months postoperatively and had symptomatic relief. Our case demonstrates the slow-growing nature of this tumour and the usefulness of palliative surgery despite large tumour load.
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481
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Ralte AM, Rao S, Sharma MC, Suri A, Gaikwad S, Sarkar C. Myxopapillary ependymoma of the temporal lobe--report of a rare case of temporal lobe epilepsy. Clin Neuropathol 2004; 23:53-8. [PMID: 15074578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxopapillary ependymomas are a benign variant of ependymomas, occurring almost exclusively in the cauda equina region. We report an extremely rare case of myxopapillary ependymoma located in the left anterior temporal lobe. A 22-year-old man is presented with intractable seizures of 2 years duration with no focal neurologic deficits. Imaging of the brain revealed a well-circumscribed heterogeneous mass in the left anterior temporal pole with no connection to the ventricles. Imaging of the spine was normal. The patient underwent surgical removal of the tumor and at follow-up 4 months after surgery, there was improvement in his memory and speech along with complete cessation of seizures. Microscopic examination revealed the tumor to be a myxopapillary ependymoma, further confirmed by histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of myxopapillary ependymoma at this location and consequently, the first case to clinically present as intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
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482
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483
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Riding G, Daly K, Hutchinson S, Rao S, Lovell M, McCollum C. Paradoxical cerebral embolisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.86b1.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fat embolism occurs following fractures of a long bone or arthroplasty. We investigated whether paradoxical embolisation through a venous-to-arterial circulation shunt (v-a) could lead to cerebral embolisation during elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), following the intravenous injection of microbubble contrast, identified the presence of a shunt in 41 patients undergoing hip (n=20) or knee (n=21) arthroplasty. Intra-operative cerebral embolism was detected during continuous TCD monitoring. Of the 41 patients, 34 had a v-a shunt of whom 18 had an embolism and embolism only occurred in patients with a shunt (p = 0.012). Spontaneous and larger shunts were associated with a greater number of emboli (rs = 0.67 and rs = 0.71 respectively, p < 0.01). Observations in two patients with large spontaneous shunts revealed 368 and 203 emboli and unexplained post-operative confusion and pancreatitis. Paradoxical cerebral embolisation only occurred in patients with a shunt and may explain both postoperative confusion and fat embolism syndrome following surgery.
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484
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Riding G, Daly K, Hutchinson S, Rao S, Lovell M, McCollum C. Paradoxical cerebral embolisation. An explanation for fat embolism syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY. BRITISH VOLUME 2004; 86:95-8. [PMID: 14765873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Fat embolism occurs following fractures of a long bone or arthroplasty. We investigated whether paradoxical embolisation through a venous-to-arterial circulation shunt (v-a) could lead to cerebral embolisation during elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), following the intravenous injection of microbubble contrast, identified the presence of a shunt in 41 patients undergoing hip (n = 20) or knee (n = 21) arthroplasty. Intra-operative cerebral embolism was detected during continuous TCD monitoring. Of the 41 patients, 34 had a v-a shunt of whom 18 had an embolism and embolism only occurred in patients with a shunt (p = 0.012). Spontaneous and larger shunts were associated with a greater number of emboli (rs = 0.67 and rs = 0.71 respectively, p < 0.01). Observations in two patients with large spontaneous shunts revealed 368 and 203 emboli and unexplained post-operative confusion and pancreatitis. Paradoxical cerebral embolisation only occurred in patients with a shunt and may explain both postoperative confusion and fat embolism syndrome following surgery.
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485
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Stewart JL, Rao S, Guarneri M, Ramsdell JW. 88 IMPACT OF SUPPORT PERSON ATTENDANCE AT A LIFESTYLE CHANGE PROGRAM ON PATIENT'S OUTCOMES. J Investig Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-52-suppl1-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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486
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Abstract
This study assesses cost of illness of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients over a specific period of time as observed in Medicare program expenditure data. Incident cases of MBC from 1997 to 1999 were included. Direct care cost data were obtained from Medicare claims from a 5% national sample of program beneficiaries. Costs to the health care system were determined from the date of first diagnosis of MBC to the end of follow-up. A matched case-control study provided comparison of Medicare payments in cancer and non-cancer patients. A total of 397 MBC patients were identified and followed for an average of 16.2 months. The mean total cost was US$ 35,164 per MBC patient and US$ 4176 per person for the control group. Over the follow-up period, the MBC patients averaged 1.7 inpatient admissions per patient and 14.4 inpatient days per admission. The control group averaged 0.3 inpatient admissions per patient and 1.6 inpatient days per admission. Home health aide for MBC averaged one visit every 2 weeks. The direct costs for the older MBC patients were less than the direct costs of the younger MBC group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that as the age increased, the Medicare costs decreased within the MBC cohorts. Less combination treatments were provided for older MBC patients. Cost of illness was inversely proportional to age.
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487
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Anjum FH, Oades GM, Rao S, Tassadaq T. Masturbation inducing synchronous bilateral testicular torsion in an adolescent. BJU Int 2003; 92 Suppl 3:e52. [PMID: 19127683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.04194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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488
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Benini E, Rao S, Daidone MG, Pilotti S, Silvestrini R. Immunoreactivity to MIB-1 in breast cancer: methodological assessment and comparison with other proliferation indices. Cell Prolif 2003; 30:107-15. [PMID: 9375023 PMCID: PMC6496732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent availability of the monoclonal antibody MIB-1 (which is able to detect the human nuclear cell proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 even on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections, microwave-treated and routinely processed for immunohistochemistry) could open new avenues for validation of the clinical role of tumour cell proliferation on large, consecutive and unselected series of human tumours. However, the routine use of such a marker requires a methodological standardization as well as the comparative assessment of some technical and biological aspects. The MIB-1 index was determined in parallel samples from 50 consecutive invasive breast carcinomas processed with different fixatives for different times. The median values of MIB-1 indices following 2, 6 and 24 h of formalin fixation were similar (29.4%, 30.6% and 29.7%, respectively) and consistent with those reported in the literature; squared linear regression coefficients were 0.99. The median values of MIB-1 indices were markedly lower in Bouin-fixed, paraffin embedded, and in frozen samples (20.0% and 19.8%, respectively), with a poor correlation coefficient with the values detected following formalin fixation (R2 = 0.456). Moderate and poor correlations were observed between Ki-67 index and MIB-1 detected on frozen (rs, 0.78) or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples (rs, 0.47) and a minimal concordance was observed between TLI and MIB-1 or Ki-67 (rs, 0.25 and 0.22, respectively). Our results indicate interference of the fixative type on immunoreactivity to MIB-1 and also suggest that Ki-67 and MIB-1 reacted with different epitopes of the same antigen.
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489
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Hollis B, Prefumo F, Bhide A, Rao S, Thilaganathan B. First-trimester uterine artery blood flow and birth weight. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2003; 22:373-376. [PMID: 14528472 DOI: 10.1002/uog.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine reference values for first-trimester uterine artery resistance index (RI) in healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies and to investigate the relationship between uterine artery Doppler indices and birth weight. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 265 consecutive pregnant women attending routine ultrasound examination at 11-14 weeks' gestation. Both uterine arteries were identified using color Doppler ultrasound and the RI was measured. The presence or absence of an early diastolic notch was also noted. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained from the delivery suite database and birth weight was expressed as Z-scores. RESULTS The 5(th), 50(th) and 95(th) centiles for uterine artery RI between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation were 0.53, 0.71 and 0.85, respectively. Complete pregnancy outcome data were available for 246 fetuses. There was a significant negative correlation between birth-weight Z-scores and first-trimester uterine artery mean RI (r = - 0.219, P = 0.001). The difference in birth weight between fetuses with absent and those with bilateral diastolic notches was also significant (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that both mean RI (standardized regression coefficient = - 0.14, P = 0.039) and uterine artery notching (standardized regression coefficient = - 0.17, P = 0.017) contributed independently towards the prediction of birth-weight Z-score. CONCLUSIONS A significant negative correlation exists between birth weight and first-trimester uterine artery Doppler parameters, a reliable and non-invasive method of examining uteroplacental perfusion. The value of first-trimester uterine artery Doppler as a prognostic screening tool, either in isolation or in conjunction with maternal biochemistry, remains to be determined.
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490
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Rao S, Kumar KS, Kannan R, D'cruz AJ. Bloody diarrhea caused by a needle in the pancreatic head. J Pediatr Surg 2003; 38:E17-8. [PMID: 14523878 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(03)00419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bloody diarrhea in adolescents is not uncommon polyposis, inflammatory bowel disease, and infections are the usual causes. A 13-year-old boy with a metallic foreign body in the head of the pancreas presented with bloody diarrhea. The clinical problems and surgical approach are discussed.
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491
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492
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Rao S, Shenoy JV, Giles RWH, Clark JDA. Peripartum cardiomyopathy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2003; 23:567-8. [PMID: 12963526 DOI: 10.1080/0144361031000156573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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493
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Abstract
MOTIVATION Automated methods for biochemical pathway inference are becoming increasingly important for understanding biological processes in living and synthetic systems. With the availability of data on complete genomes and increasing information about enzyme-catalyzed biochemistry it is becoming feasible to approach this problem computationally. In this paper we present PathMiner, a system for automatic metabolic pathway inference. PathMiner predicts metabolic routes by reasoning over transformations using chemical and biological information. RESULTS We build a biochemical state-space using data from known enzyme-catalyzed transformations in Ligand, including, 2917 unique transformations between 3890 different compounds. To predict metabolic pathways we explore this state-space by developing an informed search algorithm. For this purpose we develop a chemically motivated heuristic to guide the search. Since the algorithm does not depend on predefined pathways, it can efficiently identify plausible routes using known biochemical transformations.
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494
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Dickson J, Rao S, Hill M, Price T, Norman A, Oates J, Cunningham D. 276 Promising activity with capecitabine and mitomycin C (MMC) as third line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) resistant to fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan: results of a phase II study. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90309-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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495
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Rao S, Cunningham D, Hawkins R, Hill M, Smith D, Daniel F, Ross P, Oates J, Norman A. 44 Phase III trial comparing epirubicin, cisplatin and 5-FU (ECF) versus 5FU, etoposide and leucovorin (FELV) in previously untreated patients with advanced biliary cancer. EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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496
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Rao S, Cunningham D, Hill M, Price T, Shellito P, Tebbutt N, Norman A, Oates J. 285 Capecitabine and mitomycin C (MMC) is an active well-tolerated regimen as first line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). EJC Suppl 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(03)90318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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497
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Abstract
A significant proportion of patients with colon cancer who undergo curative surgical resection develop metastatic disease. Over the last 20 years large prospective randomised studies have demonstrated a clear survival benefit for patients with stage III colon cancer who are treated with adjuvant 5FU based chemotherapy. At the present time 6 months of 5FU and leucovorin is generally considered the standard adjuvant therapy. For stage II disease the routine use of adjuvant treatment remains controversial. Newer drugs such as oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and the oral fluoropyrimidines have proven active in advanced colorectal cancer and are currently being evaluated in the adjuvant setting. Molecular markers for this disease are being identified and may help define those patients who would benefit from therapy. The integration of adjuvant immunotherapy with conventional chemotherapy offers the potential to improve the long-term outcome for surgically resected colon cancer.
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498
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Rao GM, Rao AV, Raja A, Rao S, Rao A. Plasma antioxidant vitamins in brain tumors. Neurol India 2003; 51:220-2. [PMID: 14571008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Plasma levels of vitamins A, E and C were analyzed in 102 patients with different types of brain tumors. A follow-up study was done with 27 postoperative patients. On comparison with plasma from normal individuals, vitamin A and E were decreased, but the decrease was statistically insignificant. Vitamin C levels remained in the normal range. In a comparative study of preoperative and postoperative cases, plasma vitamin A levels in postoperative glioma patients were significantly higher than those in the pre-operative state. There was no significant difference in the plasma level of vitamins C and E. The results of the present study suggest that the plasma antioxidant vitamins are not altered effectively in brain tumor cases.
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499
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Rao S, Kanade A, Margetts BM, Yajnik CS, Lubree H, Rege S, Desai B, Jackson A, Fall CHD. Maternal activity in relation to birth size in rural India. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003; 57:531-42. [PMID: 12700614 PMCID: PMC5389446 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2002] [Revised: 06/19/2002] [Accepted: 07/03/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the relationship of the mother's physical activity to the birth size of her baby in a rural Indian population. DESIGN : Prospective observational study. SETTING Six villages near Pune, Maharashtra, India. SUBJECTS : A total of 797 women were studied after excluding abortions and termination of pregnancies (112), foetal anomalies (8), multiple pregnancies (3), incomplete pre-pregnancy anthropometry (14) and pregnancies detected later than 21 weeks of gestation (168). METHOD An activity questionnaire was developed after focus group discussions and incorporated community-specific activities. It was validated against an observer-maintained diary. Activity scores were derived using published data on energy costs to weight the contributions of various activities. It was then administered to assess physical activity at 18 (+/-2) and 28 (+/-2) weeks of gestation. OUTCOME MEASURES Birth outcome, maternal weight gain and neonatal anthropometry. RESULTS The activity questionnaire was used to classify women into light, moderate and heavy activity categories. Maternal activity did not influence the incidence of prematurity or stillbirth, or the duration of gestation. It was inversely related to maternal weight gain up to 28 weeks of gestation (P=0.002). Higher maternal activity in early, as well as mid gestation, was associated with lower mean birth weight (P=0.05 and 0.02, respectively ), and smaller neonatal head circumference (P=0.005 and 0.009) and mid-arm circumference (P=0.03 and 0.01) after adjusting for the effect of major confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The Findings suggest that excessive maternal activity during pregnancy is associated with smaller foetal size in rural India, The approach described for developing an activity questionnaire has potential for adoption in other settings.
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500
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Krishnamoorthy KM, Rao S. Haemolytic anaemia following mitral valve repair. Int J Cardiol 2003; 88:121-2. [PMID: 12660000 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(02)00349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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