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Majumdar A, Basu S, Bhattacharya M, Kharbanda M, Sinha P, Todi S. Utilization of slow low-efficiency dialysis may help to optimize the need for continuous renal replacement therapy in Indian ICUs. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4084157 DOI: 10.1186/cc7435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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677
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Maru DS, Ogbunugafor CB, Basu S. Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2009. [DOI: 10.5005/jp/books/10992_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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678
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Helmersson J, Arnlöv J, Axelsson T, Basu S. A polymorphism in the cyclooxygenase 1 gene is associated with decreased inflammatory prostaglandin F2alpha formation and lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2009; 80:51-6. [PMID: 19091535 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of genetic variation in the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) gene on formation of the vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) (PGF(2)(alpha)) and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined COX-1 genotypes, PGF(2)(alpha) formation and CVD prevalence in a Swedish cohort of 809 men at age 77 years. Of these, 237 had a history of CVD according to the registry data. Four of nine COX-1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with altered formation of PGF(2)(alpha) (P<0.05). Two COX-1 gene variants (rs10306135 and rs883484) remained significantly associated with altered PGF(2)(alpha) formation after adjusted significance level for multiple testing (alpha-level=0.0059). Furthermore, individuals homozygote for the variant allele rs10306135 had lower prevalence of CVD, compared to the common allele (0% versus 30%, P=0.0047). In conclusion, subjects homozygote for the variant allele of a COX-1 gene polymorphism represent a subpopulation of men with decreased PGF(2)(alpha) formation and lower prevalence of CVD.
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Biswas SK, Sambu P, Basu S. Influence of a pore-former and PTFE in the performance of the direct ethanol fuel cell. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Alavi A, Basu S, Torigian D, Gefter W. Is planar imaging in radiology and nuclear medicine a viable option for the 21st century? THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2008; 52:319-322. [PMID: 18418343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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681
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Shukla VK, Chauhan VS, Mishra RN, Basu S. Lifestyle, reproductive factors and risk of gallbladder cancer. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:912-915. [PMID: 19037558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lifestyle and dietary habits play an important role in carcinogenesis. Carcinoma of the gallbladder is no different. The present study was carried out to evaluate the roles of lifestyle, menstrual and reproductive factors in gallbladder cancer. METHODS A prospective case-control study involving 78 newly-diagnosed cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder and 78 age- and gender-matched controls with cholelithiasis were investigated for their lifestyle history, with an emphasis on habits with chewing betel nut and tobacco, alcohol consumption and smoking. Besides this, female patients were investigated for their menstrual and reproductive factors. Odds-ratio and significance were calculated. RESULTS A Hindu preponderance was seen. About half of the patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder and gallstone were either illiterate or had a very low level of education (primary or below). Religion, education, family income, chewing of tobacco as well as smoking were comparable. But numbers of chewing tobacco and smoking per day differed significantly. Alcohol was consumed by 11.6 percent of carcinoma and 4.1 percent of gallstone patients. Lower age of menarche, higher number of pregnancies and higher age at menopause had a significantly increased risk of gallbladder carcinogenesis. A significant difference in carcinogenesis was seen in the postmenopausal women compared with the menopausal group. CONCLUSION Carcinoma of the gallbladder was common in tobacco chewers. Females with lower age at menarche, higher number of pregnancies and childbirths and higher age at last childbirth had an increased risk of gallbladder cancer.
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683
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Sundelöf J, Arnlöv J, Ingelsson E, Sundström J, Basu S, Zethelius B, Larsson A, Irizarry MC, Giedraitis V, Rönnemaa E, Degerman-Gunnarsson M, Hyman BT, Basun H, Kilander L, Lannfelt L. Serum cystatin C and the risk of Alzheimer disease in elderly men. Neurology 2008; 71:1072-9. [PMID: 18824671 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000326894.40353.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple lines of research suggest that increased cystatin C activity in the brain protects against the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Serum cystatin C levels were analyzed at two examinations of the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men, a longitudinal, community-based study of elderly men (age 70 years, n = 1,153 and age 77 years, n = 761, a subset of the age 70 examination). Cox regressions were used to examine associations between serum cystatin C and incident AD. AD cases were identified by cognitive screening and comprehensive medical chart review in all subjects. RESULTS On follow-up (median 11.3 years), 82 subjects developed AD. At age 70 years, lower cystatin C was associated with higher risk of AD independently of age, APOE4 genotype, glomerular filtration rate, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, cholesterol, body mass index, smoking, education level, and plasma amyloid-beta protein 40 and 42 levels (hazard ratio [HR] for lowest [<1.12 micromol/L] vs highest [>1.30 micromol/L] tertile = 2.67, 95% CI 1.22-5.83, p < 0.02). The results were similar at age 77 years (43 participants developed AD during follow-up). Furthermore, a 0.1-mumol/L decrease of cystatin C between ages 70 and 77 years was associated with a 29% higher risk of incident AD (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03-1.63, p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of serum cystatin C precede clinically manifest Alzheimer disease (AD) in elderly men free of dementia at baseline and may be a marker of future risk of AD. These findings strengthen the evidence for a role for cystatin C in the development of clinical AD.
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Basu PK, Jana SK, Mitra MK, Saha H, Basu S. Hydrogen Gas Sensors Using Anodically Prepared and Surface Modified Nanoporous ZnO Thin Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1166/sl.2008.m106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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685
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Maru DSR, Bruce RD, Basu S, Altice FL. Clinical outcomes of hepatitis C treatment in a prison setting: feasibility and effectiveness for challenging treatment populations. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:952-61. [PMID: 18715156 PMCID: PMC4847716 DOI: 10.1086/591707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than one-third of people in the United States with hepatic C virus (HCV) infection pass through the correctional system annually. Data are lacking on outcomes of treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PEG-RBV) in correctional settings. METHODS During 2002-2006, we analyzed patients in the Connecticut Department of Correction who received PEG-RBV. We assessed the rates of sustained virological response, hospitalization, and use of medications to treat psychiatric disorders and anemia. RESULTS Of 138 treatment-naive patients referred for treatment, 68 (49%) were approved. Overall, sustained virological response occurred in 47.1% of patients (for HCV genotype 1, 43.1%; for HCV genotypes 2 and 3, 58.8%). Only 9 patients (13%) discontinued treatment because of adverse effects. Multiple regression analysis revealed that not achieving a sustained virological response was correlated with HCV genotype 1 infection plus cirrhosis (adjusted odds ratio, 12.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-148) and baseline major depression (adjusted odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-11.6), but not with HIV infection, a baseline HCV RNA level >or=400,000 IU/mL, or black race. Compared with baseline, the rate of prescription of a new mood stabilizer (2.2 vs. 0.8 prescriptions per person-year) or an opioid (1.8 vs. 0.5 prescriptions per person-year) was higher during treatment, whereas there was no change in the rate of prescription of benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications. CONCLUSIONS These results support the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of PEG-RBV for the treatment of chronic HCV infection in correctional facilities.
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Kundu S, Basu S, Acharya S, Dastidar A, Roy AG. Chemoradiation in locally advanced cervical cancer : A randomized trial. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.51399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Radiation with concurrent chemotherapy (weekly cisplatin) is currently standard of care for locally advanced cervical cancer. Gemcitabine, a pyrimidine analogue is a potentially radio-sensitizing drug. We compared cisplatin and gemcitabine in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer. Methods: 90 patients with locally advanced squamous cell cancer of the cervix (stage IIB-IVA) were randomized to receive either cisplatin 40mg/m2 weekly or gemcitabine 150 mg/m2 weekly (45 patients in each arm) along with external beam radiation (50Gy in 25# over 5 weeks). This was followed by three insertions of high dose radiation (HDR) intracavitary brachytherapy one week apart. Results: At a median follow up of 13months, 25 (55.56%) patients were in complete response (CR) in the cisplatin arm compared to 22 patients (48.89%) [p=0.67] in gemcitabine arm. 10 patients (22.22%) in cisplatin arm had either died or lost to follow up compared to 11 patients in gemcitabine (24.44%) arm. Nausea/vomiting was higher in cisplatin arm. Diarrhea, skin reaction and hematological toxicity were more in gemcitabine arm. Conclusion: Cisplatin seems to be a better option than gemcitabine when used concurrently with radiation for locally advanced cervical cancer both in terms of response and toxicity.
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687
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Basu S, Rubello D. PET imaging in the management of tumors of testis and ovary: current thinking and future directions. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2008; 33:229-256. [PMID: 18846028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The role of fluoro-D-deoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (FDG-PET) in testicular malignancies has been examined in various studies primarily in three specific settings: 1) differentiation of active disease from fibrosis/mature teratoma in patients with residual mass following chemotherapy and evaluation of the response to treatment; 2) initial staging and disease assessment after orchidectomy identification of suspected recurrences in the context of elevated circulating serum markers; and 3) predicting response to treatment. Of these, the area where FDG-PET imaging has been examined the most in testicular tumors is the evaluation of postchemotherapy residual mass in both seminoma and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) of the testis, a critical step in determining the subsequent management approach of these tumors that vary amongst various centers. From the available data, this should be the test of choice for the assessment of a computed tomography (CT)-visualized residual mass following chemotherapy. In patients with residual masses or raised marker levels following therapy, positron-emission tomography (PET) appears sensitive and specific for detecting recurrent disease, at suspected and unsuspected sites. Fewer studies are available investigating its usefulness for staging at diagnosis and this requires further investigation to determine its eventual place as an imaging modality in this setting. Its precise role in disease prognostification is yet to be clearly defined in this malignancy but the initial results are promising. With regard to its role in ovarian carcinoma, it appears to be particularly useful for the diagnosis of recurrence when CA125 levels are rising and conventional imaging is inconclusive or negative. The role of fluoro-D-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET/CT for the detection of recurrent ovarian cancer appears very promising and has the potential to replace the current surveillance techniques in detecting recurrent disease.
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Basu S, Agarwal A, Pramanik H. Improvement in performance of a direct ethanol fuel cell: Effect of sulfuric acid and Ni-mesh. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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689
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Basu S, Evans KL, Owen M, Harbottle T. Outcome of Newborn Hearing Screening Programme delivered by health visitors. Child Care Health Dev 2008; 34:642-7. [PMID: 18796055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Newborn Hearing Screening Programme (NHSP) was introduced in England in 2001 to detect congenital hearing loss in the newborn. The screen is either hospital- or community-based. OBJECTIVES This is the first large-scale study of community-based NHSP published in the United Kingdom which aims to evaluate the performance of the community-based screen and compare it against national targets for NHSP and the outcome of national pilot projects. METHOD Hearing screening data recorded for 10,074 well babies between March 2004 and December 2005 were analysed. Babies who were admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit were excluded. The case notes of all children who failed the initial hearing screen, either unilateral or bilateral, were reviewed retrospectively. Specific performance measures include coverage rate, referral rate and yield. Reasons for failure to complete the screen were identified. RESULTS The community programme met all the standards set by the NHSP and the results are comparable with the average of the pilot sites reported in 2004. CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that a community-based hearing screening programme conducted by Health Visitors meets all the current national standards and could be implemented across wider areas in this country. Its advantages include a low false positive rate and convenience for parents living in rural areas. The babies identified can be diagnosed and rehabilitated in a time which meets national standards.
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Basu S, Kumar R, Rubello D, Fanti S, Alavi A. PET imaging in neuroendocrine tumors: current status and future prospects. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2008; 33:257-275. [PMID: 18846029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are relatively rare diverse group of tumors that possess several unique characteristics and occur most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. An important feature of these tumors is that they express somatostatin (SST) receptors, and thus can be successfully targeted with specific radiolabeled SST receptor related compounds. This has led to the introduction of multitude of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) tracers, which have significantly improved the ability for imaging these neoplastic lesions with high spatial resolution in the abdomen and elsewhere in the body. The introduction of Gallium-68 labeled radiopharmaceuticals as viable PET agents have added a new dimension to the management of patients with NET by providing high quality images compared with planar or SPECT with single photon emitting preparations. (18)F-labeled DOPA has demonstrated impressive results in differentiating between focal and diffuse disease in hyperinsulinism of the newborn which appears to be of crucial clinical benefit and has altered the management of these patients significantly. With regard to other types of NET, the current experience with such agents is relatively limited and therefore prospective studies are required to further define the role of PET in this complicated group of patients.
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Basu S, Chandra PK, Basu S. Fetal ascites owing to congenital cytomegalovirus: response to ganciclovir. ANNALS OF TROPICAL PAEDIATRICS 2008; 28:235-239. [PMID: 18727854 DOI: 10.1179/146532808x335705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A term newborn with severe congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is described. Fetal ascites was detected at 28 weeks gestation, and at birth there was tense ascites. There was intra-uterine growth retardation, microcephaly, chorioretinitis, jaundice, purpura and pneumonitis. Computed tomographic scan of the brain showed ventriculomegaly with periventricular calcifications. Serology was positive for cytomegalovirus-specific immunoglobulin M, and cytomegalovirus DNA was detected in the ascitic fluid and urine by nested polymerase chain reaction. He received 6 weeks of treatment with ganciclovir. Ascites resolved spontaneously and liver function tests became normal. Although there was a good clinical response to ganciclovir therapy without any side-effects, on follow-up the infant had global developmental delay and bilateral sensorineural deafness.
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Kasprzycka M, Zhang Q, Witkiewicz A, Marzec M, Potoczek M, Liu X, Wang HY, Milone M, Basu S, Mauger J, Choi JK, Abrams T, Hou S, Rook AH, Vonderheid E, Woetmann A, Odum N, Wasik MA. Gamma c-signaling cytokines induce a regulatory T cell phenotype in malignant CD4+ T lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2008; 181:2506-12. [PMID: 18684941 PMCID: PMC2586884 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.4.2506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that malignant mature CD4(+) T lymphocytes derived from cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) variably display some aspects of the T regulatory phenotype. Whereas seven cell lines representing a spectrum of primary cutaneous T cell lymphoproliferative disorders expressed CD25 and TGF-beta, the expression of FOXP3 and, to a lesser degree, IL-10 was restricted to two CTCL cell lines that are dependent on exogenous IL-2. IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21, all of which signals through receptors containing the common gamma chain, induced expression of IL-10 in the IL-2-dependent cell lines as well as primary leukemic CTCL cells. However, only IL-2 and IL-15, but not IL-21, induced expression of FOXP3. The IL-2-triggered induction of IL-10 and FOXP3 expression occurred by signaling through STAT3 and STAT5, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of the CTCL tissues revealed that FOXP3-expressing cells were common among the CD7-negative enlarged atypical and small lymphocytes at the early skin patch and plaque stages. Their frequency was profoundly diminished at the tumor stage and in the CTCL lymph node lesions with or without large cell transformation. These results indicate that the T regulatory cell features are induced in CTCL T cells by common gamma chain signaling cytokines such as IL-2 and do not represent a fully predetermined, constitutive phenotype independent of the local environmental stimuli to which these malignant mature CD4(+) T cells become exposed.
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MESH Headings
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/physiology
- Disease Progression
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit/physiology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-15/physiology
- Interleukin-2/physiology
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/biosynthesis
- Leukemia, T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
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Stuckler D, King LP, Basu S. International Monetary Fund programs and tuberculosis outcomes in post-communist countries. PLoS Med 2008; 5:e143. [PMID: 18651786 PMCID: PMC2488179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that International Monetary Fund (IMF) economic programs have influenced health-care infrastructure in recipient countries. The post-communist Eastern European and former Soviet Union countries experienced relatively similar political and economic changes over the past two decades, and participated in IMF programs of varying size and duration. We empirically examine how IMF programs related to changes in tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates among these countries. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed multivariate regression of two decades of tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality data against variables potentially influencing tuberculosis program outcomes in 21 post-communist countries for which comparative data are available. After correcting for confounding variables, as well as potential detection, selection, and ecological biases, we observed that participating in an IMF program was associated with increased tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates by 13.9%, 13.2%, and 16.6%, respectively. Each additional year of participation in an IMF program was associated with increased tuberculosis mortality rates by 4.1%, and each 1% increase in IMF lending was associated with increased tuberculosis mortality rates by 0.9%. On the other hand, we estimated a decrease in tuberculosis mortality rates of 30.7% (95% confidence interval, 18.3% to 49.5%) associated with exiting the IMF programs. IMF lending did not appear to be a response to worsened health outcomes; rather, it appeared to be a precipitant of such outcomes (Granger- and Sims-causality tests), even after controlling for potential political, socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related confounders. In contrast, non-IMF lending programs were connected with decreased tuberculosis mortality rates (-7.6%, 95% confidence interval, -1.0% to -14.1%). The associations observed between tuberculosis mortality and IMF programs were similar to those observed when evaluating the impact of IMF programs on tuberculosis incidence and prevalence. While IMF programs were connected with large reductions in generalized government expenditures, tuberculosis program coverage, and the number of physicians per capita, non-IMF lending programs were not significantly associated with these variables. CONCLUSIONS IMF economic reform programs are associated with significantly worsened tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates in post-communist Eastern European and former Soviet countries, independent of other political, socioeconomic, demographic, and health changes in these countries. Future research should attempt to examine how IMF programs may have related to other non-tuberculosis-related health outcomes.
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Yuan M, Tomlinson V, Lara R, Holliday D, Chelala C, Harada T, Gangeswaran R, Manson-Bishop C, Smith P, Danovi SA, Pardo O, Crook T, Mein CA, Lemoine NR, Jones LJ, Basu S. Yes-associated protein (YAP) functions as a tumor suppressor in breast. Cell Death Differ 2008; 15:1752-9. [PMID: 18617895 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been shown to positively regulate p53 family members and to be negatively regulated by the AKT proto-oncogene product in promoting apoptosis. On the basis of this function and its location at 11q22.2, a site of frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in breast cancer, we investigated whether YAP is a tumor suppressor in breast. Examination of tumors by immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant loss of YAP protein. LOH analysis revealed that protein loss correlates with specific deletion of the YAP gene locus. Functionally, short hairpin RNA knockdown of YAP in breast cell lines suppressed anoikis, increased migration and invasiveness, inhibited the response to taxol and enhanced tumor growth in nude mice. This is the first report indicating YAP as a tumor suppressor, revealing its decreased expression in breast cancer as well as demonstrating the functional implications of YAP loss in several aspects of cancer signaling.
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695
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Basu S, Rathore P, Bhatia BD. Predictors of mortality in very low birth weight neonates in India. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:556-560. [PMID: 18695864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates constitute approximately 4-7 percent of all live births and their mortality is very high. The objective of the present study was to determine the predictors of mortality in VLBW neonates. METHODS A retrospective cohort of VLBW neonates admitted over three years was studied. Exclusion criteria were: (1) neonates weighing less than 500 g and with gestational age less than 26 weeks; (2) presence of lethal congenital malformations; and (3) death in the delivery room or within 12 hours of life. The outcome measure was in-hospital death. Medical records were reviewed and data was analysed. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were done to determine the predictors of mortality. RESULTS A total of 260 cases were enrolled, of which a total of 96 (36.9 percent) babies died. The survival rate was found to increase with the increase in birth weight and gestational age. Univariate analysis showed maternal per vaginal bleeding, failure to administer steroid antenatally, Apgar score less than or equal to 5 at one minute, apnoea, gestational age, neonatal septicaemia and shock are the factors directly responsible for neonatal mortality. Logistic regression equation showed maternal bleed (1.326), apnoea (3.159), birth weight (0.037), gestational age (0.063), hypothermia (1.132) and shock (3.49) predicted 65 percent of mortality in VLBW babies. CONCLUSION Common antenatal and perinatal predictors of mortality in VLBW infants in India include maternal bleed, failure to administer antenatal steroids, low Apgar score, apnoea, extreme prematurity, neonatal septicaemia and shock.
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696
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Pinar H, Basu S, Hotmire K, Laffineuse L, Presley L, Carpenter M, Catalano PM, Hauguel-de Mouzon S. High molecular mass multimer complexes and vascular expression contribute to high adiponectin in the fetus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:2885-90. [PMID: 18445668 PMCID: PMC2453055 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2008-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT High plasma adiponectin concentrations in human fetuses and neonates are unique features of early developmental stages. Yet, the origins of the high adiponectin concentrations in the perinatal period remain elusive. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to identify the sources and functional properties of adiponectin in utero. DESIGN AND METHODS Tissue specimens were obtained at autopsy from 21- to 39-wk-old stillborn human fetuses. Adipose tissue and placenta were obtained at term elective cesarean section. Adiponectin complexes and expression were measured by immunodetection and real-time PCR. RESULTS Adiponectin mRNA transcripts were detected in fetal sc and omental adipose depots at lower concentrations than in maternal adipose tissue. Immunoreactive adiponectin was also observed in vascular endothelial cells of fetal organs, including skeletal muscle, kidney, and brain. The absence of adiponectin in all placental cell types and lack of correlation between maternal and umbilical adiponectin indicate that umbilical adiponectin reflects its exclusive production by fetal tissues. The most prominent forms of adiponectin in fetal plasma were high and low molecular mass (HMW and LMW) multimers of 340 and 160 kDa, respectively. The proportion of the HMW complexes was 5-fold (P < 0.001) higher in umbilical plasma than in adult. The high HMW and total adiponectin levels were associated with lower insulin concentration and lower homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance indices in umbilical plasma, reflecting higher insulin sensitivity of the fetus compared with adult. CONCLUSIONS The abundance of HMW adiponectin and its vascular expression are characteristics of human fetal adiponectin. Combined with high insulin sensitivity, fetal adiponectin may be a critical determinant of in utero growth.
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697
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Abstract
A number of trait-model-free tests have been proposed for linkage detection between a genomic region and a trait. These tests involve testing the dependence in segregation between a trait and marker alleles by assigning a score to every possible identity-by-descent configuration of the pedigree members without modeling the trait, and then averaging the scores over all such configurations compatible with the observed marker genotypes and genealogical relationship of the pedigree members. In this paper we propose a permutation test as an alternative to the existing exact trait-model-free tests for linkage detection. The proposed test is computationally efficient and is applicable on complex multigeneration pedigree structures. In this paper, we have compared the performance of the permutation test with two other exact trait-model-free tests for linkage detection on simulated datasets. We have demonstrated that the proposed permutation test is fully robust against mispecification of marker allele frequencies and has very good power for linkage detection. The permutation test is implemented in the program lm_ibdtests within the framework of MORGAN 2.8 (http://www.stat.washington.edu/thompson/Genepi/MORGAN/Morgan.shtml).
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698
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Batus M, Fidler MJ, Basu S, Coon JS, Buckingham L, Kaiser-Walters K, McCormack SE, Bonomi PD. Frequency of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGFR-1) expression and correlation with clinical and selected molecular parameters in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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699
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Fidler MJ, Basu S, Buckingham L, Kaiser K, McCormack SE, Coon JS, Bonomi PD. Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGFR-1) and outcome measures in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with gefitinib. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.8036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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700
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Buckingham L, Faber LP, Kim AW, Kaiser K, Barger C, Basu S, Liptay MJ, Bonomi PD, Coon JS. Tumor suppressor gene CpG site methylation and outcome in surgically treated stage I-II non-small cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.11035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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