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Kumar A, Alwani AA, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R. Determinants of Intrauterine Device Acceptance among Married Women in Coastal Karnataka, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/34146.11637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ansuya ., Nayak BS, Unnikrishnan B, Ravishankar N, Shetty A, Mundkur SC. Malnutrition among Children in Karnataka: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Diagn Res 2018. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2018/36455.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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103
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Gaidhane AM, Sinha A, Khatib MN, Simkhada P, Behere PB, Saxena D, Unnikrishnan B, Khatib M, Ahmed M, Syed ZQ. A Systematic Review on Effect of Electronic Media on Diet, Exercise, and Sexual Activity among Adolescents. Indian J Community Med 2018; 43:S56-S65. [PMID: 30686877 PMCID: PMC6324040 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_143_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Electronic media has become a part of day-to-day life for all, and particularly more so for children and adolescents. Exposure to electronic media may be beneficial as well as harmful. Aim The aim of the study is to systematically synthesize existing published and non-published empirical evidence on the effect of exposure to electronic media on diet, exercise, and sexual activity. Methodology Two reviewers independently searched online databases such as MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE. We applied no language, date, or publication restrictions. Selection Criteria We included randomized control trials that assessed the effect of exposure of electronic media on diet, exercise, and sexual activity in participants between 5 and 19 years. Study Selection Data Extraction Two reviewers independently screened studies identified in electronic search and independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Data Analysis We had planned to use the risk ratio or odds ratio for dichotomous data, and mean difference (MD) or standardized MD for continuous data. However, as included studied differed in types of intervention and reporting of outcomes, we did not undertake meta-analysis. Main Results All included trials were parallel randomized controlled trials except for one that was a crossover trial. Eight studies reported the effect of electronic media on diet and exercise, two on diet, two on exercise, and one on sexual activity. Quality of evidence was rated as "very low" for all outcomes due to too little information or too few data to be able to reach to any conclusions. Conclusions There is a little body of evidence that limits conclusions. We need to comprehend as to how to swap undesirable effects of electronic media and make it more desirable. Registration of Systematic Review This systematic review has been registered at PROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (Registration number: PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018086935) available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=86935.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay M Gaidhane
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anju Sinha
- Division of Reproductive, Maternal and Child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research Hqrs, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib
- Division of Evidence Synthesis, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.,Department of Physiology, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padam Simkhada
- Centre for Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Prakash B Behere
- Department of Psychiatry, DY Patil University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Epidemiology, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahafroz Khatib
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahjabeen Ahmed
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
| | - Zahiruddin Quazi Syed
- Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed to be University), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
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Joshua AM, Karnad SD, Nayak A, Suresh BV, Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B. Effect of foot placements during sit to stand transition on timed up and go test in stroke subjects: A cross sectional study. NeuroRehabilitation 2017; 40:355-362. [PMID: 28222557 DOI: 10.3233/nre-161423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Timed up and go (TUG) test is been used as a screening tool for the assessment of risk of falling in individuals following stroke. Though TUG test is a quick test, it has fair sensitivity compared to other tests. This study was carried out to obtain and compare test scores for different types of foot placements during sit to stand transition in stroke subjects. METHOD A Cross-sectional study with purposive sampling included 28 post stroke subjects who were able to walk 6 meter with or without assistance. Timed Up and Go test was carried out with four different types of foot placements and scores were recorded. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis One way analysis of variance and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULT There were comparable differences between asymmetric 1 test strategy which involved affected extremity to be placed behind the unaffected and other test strategies (Z = -4.457,-3.848,-4.458; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION The initial foot placements during sit to stand transition influenced the time taken to complete the test which was significantly higher in asymmetric 1 strategy, Incorporation of the initial foot placement mainly asymmetric 1 strategy into conventional TUG test would help in identifying accurately the subject's functional mobility and postural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M Joshua
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Shreekanth D Karnad
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Akshatha Nayak
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - B V Suresh
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, India
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Madi D, Ramakrishnan N, Unnikrishnan B, Ramapuram J, Achappa B, Rathi P. Clinicoepidemiological Profile of Elderly PLHIV Attending a Tertiary Care Center in South India. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2017; 16:620-623. [PMID: 29187076 DOI: 10.1177/2325957417742672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physicians are coming across a considerable number of HIV-positive patients belonging to older age-group, in practice. They pose a challenge as they might present with advanced forms and comorbid conditions. We aimed to describe the clinicoepidemiological profile of elderly people living with HIV. METHODOLOGY We conducted a cross-sectional study at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore. We analyzed the record of 120 patients from 2009 to 2014. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients. RESULTS Of 786 HIV-positive patients, 120 were elderly. Mean age was 55.9 ± 6.1 years. Majority 68% were male. In all, 63.33% were male. Commonest route of transmission was heterosexual intercourse, most presented at World Health Organization (WHO) stage 1 (64.17%). In all, 77.5% had hypertension and 26.6% had tuberculosis. The median CD4 count at presentation was 245 cells/mm3 (145-426 cells/mm3). Forty-two percent were late presenters (CD4 <200 cells/mm3). CONCLUSION Treating physician should have a high index of suspicion in diagnosing HIV among elderly age-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Madi
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Affiliated to Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Ramakrishnan
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Affiliated to Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Affiliated to Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - John Ramapuram
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Affiliated to Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaprabhu Achappa
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Affiliated to Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priya Rathi
- 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Affiliated to Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Banagi Yathiraj A, Unnikrishnan B, Ramapuram JT, Thapar R, Mithra P, Madi D, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Ambalavanan J, Darshan BB. HIV-Related Knowledge among PLWHA Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital at Coastal South India-A Facility-Based Study. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2017; 16:615-619. [PMID: 29187077 DOI: 10.1177/2325957417742671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is essential for the prevention of HIV transmission. METHODS A cross-sectional study consisting of 409 PLHIV aged ≥18 years were interviewed regarding their HIV-related knowledge, from April 2014 to April 2015. HIV-related knowledge was assessed using the HIV knowledge questionnaire 18 . Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to determine the factors associated with high HIV-related knowledge. Odds ratios with its corresponding 95% confidence intervals were reported. A value of P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Among 409 PLHIV, 46.2% had high HIV-related knowledge. Univariate analysis yields factors like upper socioeconomic status, those who are literates, unemployed, and adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART) were associated with higher HIV-related knowledge. On multivariate analysis, upper socioeconomic status and adherence to ART were the factors that remained significantly associated with higher HIV-related knowledge. CONCLUSION HIV-related knowledge among PLHIV can be improved through HIV educational programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Banagi Yathiraj
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - John T Ramapuram
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Madi
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayachidambaram Ambalavanan
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India.,3 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B B Darshan
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Holla R, Darshan B, Guliani A, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Kumar A, Anwar S. How familiar are our doctors towards Rabies prophylaxis- A study from coastal south India. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006032. [PMID: 29084226 PMCID: PMC5679650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabies, a 100% fatal disease claims more than 59,000 human lives every year globally. One human life is lost every 15 minutes due to this deadly preventable disease. Timely initiation of post exposure prophylaxis following an animal exposure can result in 100% preventability of this fatal disease. METHODOLOGY This facility based study was conducted among clinical fraternities of teaching hospitals. A semi structured questionnaire was used for collection of data. Institutional Ethics Committee approval was sought. The study investigators visited the workplace of the participants and distributed the questionnaire. SPSS Ver 16 (Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyse the data. FINDINGS Most of the participants knew that veterinary groups and zoo-keepers should be given pre-exposure prophylaxis. Many participants knew about the Intra Muscular schedule of anti-rabies vaccine and its site of administration for pre exposure prophylaxis. It was observed that most participants had knowledge regarding correct intramuscular regimen of anti-rabies vaccine for post-exposure prophylaxis but less than half were able to differentiate between the intramuscular and intradermal regimens. Less than half of participants were aware of the fact that local administration of anti-rabies serum is useful. CONCLUSION The knowledge regarding WHO categorisation of animal exposure and recommended post exposure prophylaxis according to type of exposure observed to be minimal among clinical fraternity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Bhagawan Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Astha Guliani
- Undergraduate MBBS student, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
| | - Salman Anwar
- Undergraduate MBBS student, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
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Reshmi B, Nair S, Unnikrishnan B. Determinants Perception and Experiences of Beneficiaries of a Hospital-based Community Health Insurance in Coastal Karnataka in India. Journal of Health Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0972063417699686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to find out the perceptions of beneficiaries in comparison to non-beneficiaries of a community-based health insurance scheme. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to carry out this study; a cross-sectional household survey on 1,639 households was carried out, where the respondents were required to rate the services and facilities of the scheme A focus group discussion (FGD) with both the beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries was also carried out. Overall, the services were rated good except in the case of treatment and inpatient services where the responses were rated average. The study results provide evidence that Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) schemes can be a viable risk sharing mechanism for the informal sector people who would have otherwise not been covered under any health insurance or health care financing mechanism. Maintaining an affordable premium and including outpatient facilities and preventive treatment would improve the satisfaction level of those who have acceptability towards CBHI schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sreekumaran Nair
- Department of Statistics, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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109
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Achchappa B, Bhandary M, Unnikrishnan B, Ramapuram JT, Kulkarni V, Rao S, Maadi D, Bhat A, Priyadarshni S. Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, and Quality of Life among Women Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2017; 16:455-459. [PMID: 28176538 DOI: 10.1177/2325957417691137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a severe form of abuse prevalent in urban and rural areas of India with its effects on mental and physical health of the person receiving it, leading to a poorer quality of life. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 99 women living with HIV, and information was collected using abuse assessment scale. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. RESULTS The IPV was reported by 19.2% of the respondents, of which psychological (14.1%) was most common followed by physical (4.1%) and sexual abuse (1.0%). The experience of IPV was significantly associated with socioeconomic status, number of children, marital status, and CD4 counts of the participants. CONCLUSION The prevalence of IPV in our study was found to be less compared to previous studies, however, there were significant association among factors such as socioeconomic status, CD4 counts, and marital status of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu Achchappa
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahak Bhandary
- 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - John T Ramapuram
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Satish Rao
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Maadi
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anish Bhat
- 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivani Priyadarshni
- 2 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
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Unnikrishnan B, Trivedi D, Kanchan T, Rekha T, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Talish M. Patients' Awareness About Their Rights: A Study from Coastal South India. Sci Eng Ethics 2017; 23:203-214. [PMID: 27053261 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-016-9776-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Respecting patients' rights is a fundamental aspect of providing quality healthcare. The present investigation attempts to explore the awareness among patients about their rights in a coastal township in India. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 215 patients admitted to the wards of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Mangalore. Awareness among patients regarding their rights varied for various issues and ranged between 48.4 and 87.4 %. Awareness about patients' rights was independent of gender, socio-economic and educational status. Doctors were found to be the most common source of information for patient's about their rights in the study. Doctors must conform to the relevant legislations and involve patients in all aspects of healthcare. There is a need to increase awareness among patients about their rights to ensure informed decisions and better health care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Trivedi
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, 575 001, Karnataka, India.
| | - Thapar Rekha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mishaal Talish
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Rane PP, Narayanan P, Binu V, Unnikrishnan B. Prevalence of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption among Fishermen in Udupi Taluk' Karnataka, India: a Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1733-7. [PMID: 27221846 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress associated with fishing is known to trigger consumption of alcohol and tobacco among fishermen. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption among fishermen in Udupi Taluk in the state of Karnataka, India, and to study associations with health status and job stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted among 825 fishermen in Udupi Taluk of Karnataka between January-June 2015, using a two stage cluster sampling procedure. Associations between variables of interest were assessed using multivariable analysis and logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalences of consumption of tobacco, alcohol and either of these substances were 64.2%, 45.6% and 86.9% respectively. There was a positive association between alcohol and any form of tobacco consumption with income but none with respondent's job stress and health status. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that fishermen with poor health status are seen more among tobacco and alcohol users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Pramod Rane
- Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, 2Department of Public Health, Mangalore, India E-mail :
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Sriraman S, Baliga S, Unnikrishnan B, Kamath N. Knowledge, Utilization and Benefits of a Child Health Care Scheme. J Clin Diagn Res 2017. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/30903.10889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kumar N, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Bhagawan D, Kumar A, Aithal S. Distress and Its Effect on Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Coastal South India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017; 8:216-220. [PMID: 28781491 PMCID: PMC5523532 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Distress can bring about an unfavorable attitude among the patients toward tackling their disease which can affect adherence to medications. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of distress on adherence to medication among patients with diabetes. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 124 type 2 diabetes patients above 18 years, attending the hospitals affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, selected using nonprobability sampling were interviewed to assess the presence of diabetes-related distress (DRD) and their level of adherence to medications. Distress was assessed using diabetes distress scale. Morisky Adherence Questionnaire was used to assess the level of adherence. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to assess the influence of domains of distress on adherence to antidiabetic medication and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In our study, 41.9% (n = 52) of the participants had high diabetes distress. Exactly 43.5% (n = 54) of the participants had low adherence to antidiabetic medications. On univariate analysis, participants with low regimen distress, low physician distress, and low interpersonal distress were found to have good adherence to antidiabetic medication. However, on multivariate analysis, only low regimen distress was found to be significantly associated with good adherence to medication among the study participants. Conclusion: DRD is a problem in our study participants which affects the adherence to medications. Identifying distress at an early stage can help doctors formulate and implement remedial measures, thereby improving adherence to medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshan Bhagawan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shodhan Aithal
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Nambiar S, Tiwari S, Unnikrishnan B. Chewing side preference - Impact on facial symmetry, dentition and temporomandibular joint and its correlation with handedness. J Orofac Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_74_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Thunga S, Andrews A, Ramapuram J, Satyamoorthy K, Kini H, Unnikrishnan B, Adhikari P, Singh P, Kabekkodu SP, Bhat S, Kadam A, Shetty AK. Cervical cytological abnormalities and human papilloma virus infection in women infected with HIV in Southern India. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1822-1828. [PMID: 27641071 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the association between CD4 count, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, and the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 104 HIV-infected women attending an antiretroviral therapy clinic. They underwent Pap smear and cervical HPV DNA testing. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 57.7%. HPV 16 was the commonest genotype found (38.5%); HPV 16 and 18 put together contributed to 73.3% of HPV infection; 27.5% of HIV-infected women had squamous cell abnormalities. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was less likely among women with CD4 count > 500/mm3 (12%) and in those without opportunistic infections (17.8%). The prevalence of high-risk HPV infection was higher in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or greater lesions (85.7%) as compared to women with normal cytology (52.1%). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-infected women warrants the need for regular Pap smear screening in these women and routine HPV vaccination for adolescents to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Thunga
- Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - John Ramapuram
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Hema Kini
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prabha Adhikari
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakhar Singh
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Samatha Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anagha Kadam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash K Shetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Banagi Yathiraj A, Unnikrishnan B, Ramapuram JT, Kumar N, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Darshan B, Thapar R. Factors Influencing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among People Living with HIV in Coastal South India. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2016; 15:529-533. [PMID: 27493025 DOI: 10.1177/2325957416661424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has transformed life threatening HIV/AIDS scenario into chronic manageable disease. METHODOLOGY In this cross-sectional, 409 People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) aged ≥ 18 years, who were on ART, were assessed regarding the adherence to ART and factors affecting adherence using semi-structured questionnaire. The association between factors affecting adherence and the level of adherence were analyzed using multiple logistic regression model and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. RESULTS Among 409 PLHIV, 70.4% showed adherence to ART (≥95%). Univariate analysis yielded many factor associated with adherence (P < 0.05). However, on multivariate analysis, PLHIV who do not forget to take ART and not consuming alcohol were the factors consistent with adherence to ART (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Regular patient education and counseling regarding the usage of memory aids and abstinence from alcohol could be useful for adherence and long term success of ART among PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Banagi Yathiraj
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - John T Ramapuram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Parthaje PM, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Kumar N, Panikulam EJ, Geroge E, Pai P, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Darshan BB, Kumar A, Mehta R, Jay R. Perceptions and knowledge toward mobile-health among the college going students in Coastal South India. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2016; 7:75-9. [PMID: 27003975 PMCID: PMC4780173 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.175078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Among the manifold uses of mobile phones, mobile-health (mHealth) has been an important one, which is the practice of public health initiatives by awareness raising and communication campaigns. Optimum utilization of mHealth is possible only through adequate awareness. Hence, we aimed to study the perceptions and knowledge about mHealth among college going students in Mangalore, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2014 among 627 students in selected engineering (302 students) and medical colleges (325 students) in Mangalore, India. Colleges were selected using convenience sampling (nonrandom) method. Data were collected using semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analyzed. Results: Overall, 48.9% were males, 61.4% belonged to 18-20 years age group. The awareness about mobile phone health utilities among medical and engineering students was found to be similar. Among those who were aware of the concept of mHealth (74 [11.2%]), 40 (54.1%) were medical students. Marginally higher proportion of medical students felt mHealth could be helpful in protecting the patients’ confidentiality and would help in better communication with the patients. Conclusion: There was high level of general awareness about mHealth among the subjects. However, many specific areas had limited knowledge among both the streams of students, hence highlighting the need for increasing awareness and sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Mithra Parthaje
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Elizabeth Josy Panikulam
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Elina Geroge
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prajwal Pai
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhagwan Bhagyamma Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohil Mehta
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ratna Jay
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Bhagawan D, Kulkarni V, Unnikrishnan B, Mujtahedi S, Bajpai S, Thapar R, Holla R. Depression and Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Coastal City of Mangalore, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5958/0976-5506.2016.00186.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Unnikrishnan B. Visionary leadership in health - Delivering superior value. Indian J Community Med 2016. [PMCID: PMC5112976 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.193343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Uppoor RB, Rajesh A, Srinivasan MP, Unnikrishnan B, Holla R. Oxidative Stress in Obese Postmenopausal Women: An Additive Burden for Atherosclerosis. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:OC03-5. [PMID: 26814357 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/16467.6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronary Artery Disease are on the rise in the general population and is the leading cause of death in both men and women. The impact of CAD is underappreciated in younger women when compared to men. Women have unique risk factors for CAD and postmenopausal women are at higher risk of developing CAD when compared to normal menstruating women. AIM The aim of our study was to find out the difference in oxidative stress levels between obese postmenopausal women and normal menstruating women, also to compare the same in normal weight postmenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty one normal and 29 obese postmenopausal women with age more than 45 years who visited obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department for general clinical evaluation at a tertiary care centre were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Thirty normal menstruating women were compared. Anthropometric measurements were recorded and the body mass index was calculated. Serum Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase was measured using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS There was a significant difference in mean MDA levels in postmenopausal women (1.477 ± 0.359) when compared to normal menstruating women (0.666 ± 0.302) (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in mean SOD levels in postmenopausal women (2.836 ± 0.899) when compared to normal menstruating women (2.986 ± 0.686) (p > 0.05). Also, there was a significant increase between mean MDA levels in obese postmenopausal women (2.48 ± 0.52) when compared to normal weight postmenopausal women (1.65 ± 0.36) (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference between mean SOD levels in obese postmenopausal women (1.36 ± 0.96) and normal weight postmenopausal women (2.56 ± 1.03) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION The oxidative stress was higher in obese postmenopausal women when compared to normal weight postmenopausal women and normal menstruating women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Bhat Uppoor
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aparna Rajesh
- Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy , Mangalore
| | | | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Parthaje PM, Unnikrishnan B, Thankappan KR, Thapar R, Fatt QK, Oldenburg B. Prevalence and Correlates of Prehypertension Among Adults in Urban South India. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 28:93S-101S. [PMID: 26596285 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515616453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prehypertension is one of the most common conditions affecting human beings worldwide. It is associated with several complications including hypertension. The blood pressure between normal and hypertension is prehypertension as per the Seventh Report Joint National Committee (JNC-7) classification. The current study was done to measure the magnitude of prehypertension and to study their sociodemographic correlates in the urban field practice area of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India, among 624 people aged ≥20 years. The measurements of blood pressure were done (JNC 7 criteria) with the anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated. Overall, 55% subjects had prehypertension and 30% had hypertension. Prehypertension was higher among males. Those from the higher age groups, those from upper socioeconomic status, obese individuals, and those with lesser physical activity had significantly higher association with prehypertension, and it was least among those who never used tobacco and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rekha Thapar
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Unnikrishnan B. P18.10 Determinants of quality of life among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (plhiv) in coastal south india. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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124
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Arjun BY, Unnikrishnan B, Ramapuram JT, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Madi D, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Darshan B. Factors Influencing Quality of Life among People Living with HIV in Coastal South India. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2015; 16:247-253. [PMID: 26251226 DOI: 10.1177/2325957415599213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy of HIV/AIDS patients, but the quality of life (QOL) still remains the same. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 356 people living with HIV (PLHIV) were interviewed to assess their QOL using WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire. The association between QOL with sociodemographic, clinical and cohabitation status of the participants was tested using ANOVA and Student t-test, and p value < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Physical domain of QOL showed maximum score of 16.4, while a minimum score of 12.2 was seen in social relationship domain. Participants with higher socioeconomic status (SES) and self-motivated to take ART had shown better scores across all the domains of QOL ( p < .05). CONCLUSION In our study, quality of life was high among males, younger patients, married participants, higher socioeconomic status, longer duration of ART, self-motivation to take ART, absence of opportunistic infection, and with higher CD4 count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banagi Yathiraj Arjun
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - John T Ramapuram
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deepak Madi
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhagawan Darshan
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Nithin K, Tanuj K, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Prasanna M, Vaman K, Ramesh H, Darshan B, Samskruthi R. Gender preferences among antenatal women: a cross-sectional study from coastal South India. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:560-7. [PMID: 26124803 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A balanced sex ratio is essential for a stable society. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present research was to study the perceptions of women attending the antenatal care (ANC) facility regarding their gender preferences and family composition. METHOD In this cross-sectional study 132 antenatal women were interviewed in their preferred language using a predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. The collected information was analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants was 27.2 ± 4.1 years. The majority of the antenatal women (60.6%, n=80) did not have any gender preferences. Among those who had a gender preference (39.4%, n=52), male and female preference was reported by 55.7% (n=29) and 44.3% (n=23) of the participants respectively. The overall son preference index was observed to be 1.3. No consistent relationship could be established between the socio-demographic factors and the preference for gender. The mean preferred family size in our study was 1.85±0.531 and more than half of the participants had a balanced gender preference. The majority of the participants were aware that the adverse sex ratio can lead to fall in the number of brides and that it would bring about a social imbalance. CONCLUSION As a developed society we need to ensure that both the genders get equal respect and are free from any sort of preferences and prejudices. To achieve this, more and more people need to be made aware of the consequences of gender imbalance and adverse sex ratio in a society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nithin
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanchan Tanuj
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - T Rekha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mithra Prasanna
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kulkarni Vaman
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Holla Ramesh
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhagwan Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Reddy Samskruthi
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Yamini TR, Nichter M, Nichter M, Sairu P, Aswathy S, Leelamoni K, Unnikrishnan B, P PM, Thapar R, Basha SR, Jayasree AK, Mayamol TR, Muramoto M, Mini GK, Thankappan KR. Developing a fully integrated tobacco curriculum in medical colleges in India. BMC Med Educ 2015; 15:90. [PMID: 25990861 PMCID: PMC4455282 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes a pioneering effort to introduce tobacco cessation into India's undergraduate medical college curriculum. This is the first ever attempt to fully integrate tobacco control across all years of medical college in any low and middle income country. The development, pretesting, and piloting of an innovative modular tobacco curriculum are discussed as well as challenges that face implementation and steps taken to address them and to advocate for adoption by the Medical Council of India. METHODS In-depth interviews were conducted with administrators and faculty in five medical colleges to determine interest in and willingness to fully integrate smoking cessation into the college curriculum. Current curriculum was reviewed for present exposure to information about tobacco and cessation skill training. A modular tobacco curriculum was developed, pretested, modified, piloted, and evaluated by faculty and students. Qualitative research was conducted to identify challenges to future curriculum implementation. RESULTS Fifteen modules were successfully developed focusing on the public health importance of tobacco control, the relationship between tobacco and specific organ systems, diseases related to smoking and chewing tobacco, and the impact of tobacco on medication effectiveness. Culturally sensitive illness specific cessation training videos were developed. Faculty and students positively evaluated the curriculum as increasing their competency to support cessation during illness as a teachable moment. Students conducted illness centered cessation interviews with patients as a mandated part of their coursework. Systemic challenges to implementing the curriculum were identified and addressed. CONCLUSIONS A fully integrated tobacco curriculum for medical colleges was piloted in 5 colleges and is now freely available online. The curriculum has been adopted by the state of Kerala as a first step to gaining Medical Council of India review and possible recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Yamini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - Mark Nichter
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Mimi Nichter
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology, 85721, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - P Sairu
- Department of Community Medicine, T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala, India.
| | - S Aswathy
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - K Leelamoni
- Department of Community Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Prasanna Mithra P
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - S R Basha
- Department of Community Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - A K Jayasree
- Department of Community Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kannur, Kerala, India.
| | - T R Mayamol
- Department of Community Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kannur, Kerala, India.
| | - Myra Muramoto
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - G K Mini
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
| | - K R Thankappan
- Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Kumar A, Unnikrishnan B, T R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R, B B D. Awareness and attitude regarding breastfeeding and immunization practices among primigravida attending a tertiary care hospital in southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:LC01-5. [PMID: 25954638 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/11892.5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infant mortality rate (IMR) is considered as one of the most sensitive indicators of health status of a community. Infant mortality figures in India are very high and the two important causes which contributes maximum to the IMR is inadequate breastfeeding and immunization. The major cause of death among under five children in India is neonatal sepsis, diarrhea and pneumonia and breast milk is protective against all the three diseases. Immunization along with breastfeeding reduces a significant number of infant and maternal mortality. Disease like neonatal tetanus is rampant in our country and it can be prevented by vaccination of the women during pregnancy. This study tries to find out the awareness and attitude among the primigravida females regarding breastfeeding and immunization. MATERIALS AND METHODS This facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 186 primigravida who came to the hospital for delivery and antenatal check-up during March 2014 in three associated teaching hospitals of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, which is situated in coastal South India. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of KMC (Manipal University), Mangalore, India. A pre tested, semi structured questionnaire was used as the data collecting tool. RESULTS Majority (n=163, 87.6%) were Hindus followed by Muslims (n=16, 3.2%). Nearly half of the participants (n=92, 49.5%) were in the 21-25 y age group, 54.8% participants were not aware of correct position of baby during feeding and 10.8% (n=20) believed that immunization should be stopped if it showed side effects. CONCLUSION Breastfeeding and Immunization is an effective way of reducing child and maternal mortality. The results from our study showed that many participants had lacunae in knowledge and attitude and adequate health education should be given to the pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Professor and HOD, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Rekha T
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
| | - Darshan B B
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, India
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Iyengar YR, Vijayakumar K, Abraham JM, Misri ZK, Suresh BV, Unnikrishnan B. Relationship between postural alignment in sitting by photogrammetry and seated postural control in post-stroke subjects. NeuroRehabilitation 2015; 35:181-90. [PMID: 24990027 DOI: 10.3233/nre-141118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE This study was executed to find out correlation between postural alignment in sitting measured through photogrammetry and postural control in sitting following stroke. METHODS A cross-sectional study with convenient sampling consisting of 45 subjects with acute and sub-acute stroke. Postural alignment in sitting was measured through photogrammetry and relevant angles were obtained through software MB Ruler (version 5.0). Seated postural control was measured through Function in Sitting Test (FIST). Correlation was obtained using Spearman's Rank Correlation co-efficient in SPSS software (version 17.0). RESULTS Moderate positive correlation (r = 0.385; p < 0.01) was found between angle of lordosis and angle between acromion, lateral epicondyle and point between radius and ulna. Strong negative correlation (r = -0.435; p < 0.01) was found between cranio-vertebral angle and kyphosis. FIST showed moderate positive correlation (r = 0.3446; p < 0.05) with cranio-vertebral angle and strong positive correlation (r = 0.4336; p < 0.01) with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in upper extremity. CONCLUSION Degree of forward head posture in sitting correlates directly with seated postural control and inversely with degree of kyphosis in sitting post-stroke. Postural control in sitting post-stroke is directly related with Brunnstrom's stage of recovery in affected upper extremity in sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Iyengar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vijayakumar
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - J M Abraham
- Department of Physiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - Z K Misri
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Suresh
- Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Karnataka, India
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Rajasekharan D, Kulkarni V, Unnikrishnan B, Kumar N, Holla R, Thapar R. Self-care activities among patients with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in mangalore karnataka, India. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2015; 5:59-64. [PMID: 25745579 PMCID: PMC4350065 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.149791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing prevalence of diabetes in India is resulting in an epidemiological transition. The care of the people with diabetes is traditionally seen as doctor centered, but the concept of self-care of people with diabetes is a new domain and is proven beneficial. Aim: The aim was to determine the practice of self-care activities among people with diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore. Subjects and Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Government Wenlock Hospital, Mangalore during September–October 2012. A total of 290 patients with >1-year duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) were asked to respond to summary diabetes self-care activities questionnaire after obtaining the consent from them. The statistical analysis was performed in terms of descriptive statistics and association between the variables was tested using Mann–Whitney U-test. Results: A healthy eating plan on a daily basis was followed by 45.9% (133/290) of the participants, daily exercises for 30 min were followed by 43.4% (126/290), and regular blood sugar monitoring was done by 76.6% (222/290). Regarding the adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin, daily adherence to medication was seen among 60.5% (155/256) and 66.9% (138/206) were found to be adherent to insulin injections on a daily basis. Conclusions: Self-care practices were found to be unsatisfactory in almost all aspects except for blood sugar monitoring and treatment adherence. As these practices are essential for prevention of complications and better quality-of -life, more efforts should be put to educate the people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rajasekharan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - N Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kumar N, Unnikrishnan B, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Bhagawan D, Kumar A. Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2015; 16:226-232. [PMID: 25656862 DOI: 10.1177/2325957415569309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals. METHODOLOGY In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A large proportion (41.3%) of the participants were in the age-group of 26 to 35 years. Confidentiality of the HIV positivity status was maintained only in 14.4% of the participants. Compared to females (48.2%), more than half (51.5%) of the male participants had experienced HIV/AIDS-related personalized stigma ( P > .05). CONCLUSION HIV-related stigma and discrimination are the major social determinants driving the epidemic, despite the advances in medical treatment and increases in the awareness about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Kumar
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshan Bhagawan
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- 1 Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Holla R, Maroli S, Wettasinghe D, Unnikrishnan B, Kamath S, De R, Kumar SB, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Bhagawana D, Kumar A. Perception of HIV Testing and Counseling among Integrated Counseling and Testing Center Clients of Tertiary Level Hospitals. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2015; 15:380-4. [PMID: 25589303 DOI: 10.1177/2325957414567683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of establishing integrated counseling and testing center (ICTC) is to detect HIV at the earliest time, providing information on modes of transmission and prevention of HIV by promoting behavioral change and reducing vulnerability, and informing individuals on HIV prevention, care, and treatment services. OBJECTIVE To know the awareness of the clients about ICTC before pretest counseling. METHODS This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 pretest counseling clients who visited ICTC for the first time in 3 ICTCs of tertiary care hospitals attached to a medical college in Mangalore. RESULT Majority of the clients were pregnant women (n = 57, 54.30%), and most of the clients were referred by the treating doctor (n = 91, 86.7%). Most of the clients, being unaware of ICTC, are not aware of its functions and activities. CONCLUSION Although ICTCs have been functional for nearly a decade, the awareness of ICTC and its functions among the people is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Swathi Maroli
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shiwani Kamath
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rijuta De
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh Bhat Kumar
- Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Darshan Bhagawana
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Darshan B, Holla R, Kotian S, Unnikrishnan B, Ballal S, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Kumar A. Clinico-epidemiological profile of burns cases admitted to a tertiary care hospital in a coastal area of South India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20151070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Thapar R, Darshan BB, Unnikrishnan B, Mithra P, Kumar N, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Kumar A, Kanchan T. Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Snakebite Cases Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre in South India: A 5 Years Study. Toxicol Int 2015; 22:66-70. [PMID: 26862263 PMCID: PMC4721179 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.172260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to assess the clinic-epidemiological profile of snakebite cases admitted at a Tertiary Care Centre in South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS A record based retrospective study was carried out at Kasturbha Medical College affiliated hospitals in Mangalore. All the snakebite cases admitted to the hospitals from January 2007 to December 2011 were included in the study. Data were collected using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 11.5). The results are expressed as percentages. RESULTS The study included 198 cases of snakebite victims. The majority of the cases were males (68.2%). The mean age of the study population was 34.8 years. Maximum numbers of snakebite cases were reported during the month of September to December (47.9%). The peak time of snakebite was between 18.01 and 24.00 h which was reported in 40.5% of the cases. Lower extremities were the most common site of bite in more than three-fourth of the cases (80.9%). The most common symptoms were a pain (45.9%) and swelling (44.9%). The case fatality rate was observed to be 3.0%. CONCLUSION Snakebite still remains a major public health problem in this part of the world. Knowledge must be imparted regarding the prevention of snakebites through community health programs. Messages regarding prompt reporting of such cases and importance of effective treatment must be disseminated among people through mass media and role plays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Thapar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B B Darshan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kallige N, Narayana R, Prabhu M, Chowta M, Unnikrishnan B. Association between glycosylated hemoglobin and acute coronary syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Med Health Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/2321-4848.154938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Muhammed Ali
- Department of Dermatology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Kumar N, Darshan BB, Unnikrishnan B, Kanchan T, Thapar R, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, Holla R. Awareness and Attitudes Regarding Prenatal Sex Determination, Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDTA) among Pregnant Women in Southern India. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:JC09-11. [PMID: 25478372 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9789.5033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to assess the awareness and attitude regarding prenatal sex determination and Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic techniques Act among pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross sectional study was carried at tertiary care teaching hospitals of Kasturba Medical College in Mangalore, India among 132 pregnant women. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS) version 11.5 and results were expressed in percentages. RESULTS The study included 132 participants and the mean age of study subjects was around 27 y. Majority of the study subjects (91.7%) knew that prenatal sex determination was possible. Three fourth (74.4%) of the participants prenatal sex determination was a punishable offence. One of the participants was ready to terminate pregnancy if sex of the fetus was revealed to be female before second trimester. Majority of participants (67.4%) were willing to educate people about PCPNDT act and motivate them against sex determination and sex selective abortions. CONCLUSION Our study showed that higher proportion of participants knew about the prenatal sex determination and it was a punishable offence, still majority of them preferred to know the sex of unborn child which shows the need to implement the act effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B B Darshan
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rekha Thapar
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University) , Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Unnikrishnan B, Kanchan T, Holla R, Kumar N, Rekha T, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, Reshmi B. Medical students' research - facilitators and barriers. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:XC01-XC04. [PMID: 25654016 PMCID: PMC4316322 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/10223.5291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undergraduate research in medicine is important to expose and encourage the students towards the newer advances and research practices. The present study was taken up in a medical institute to assess the perception of the medical faculty about research undertaken by the medical undergraduates, and identifying the barriers faced by them in training undergraduate students for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire on perceptions, barriers and limitations towards undergraduate research was distributed to 105 participants included in the study. The responses of the participants were collected on a five point Likert scale and analysed using spss version 11.5. RESULTS There was a strong agreement among the faculty about students' interest in carrying out research (95.1%), and that they had gained knowledge to design, conduct, present and publish their research from the projects undertaken by them (90.2%). Among the barriers for training undergraduate research, time consumption was perceived as a barrier by the participating medical teachers (37.7%) followed by lack of motivation and commitment among students (19.7%). Time constraint was the commonest reason for the faculty in not guiding undergraduate research (39.0%). A larger proportion of medical teachers suggested that incentives for students and teachers (62.7%) and frequent workshops for students related to undergraduate research (61.8%) are likely to encourage the students and teachers and thus, improve the scenario. CONCLUSION It is suggested to address certain important issues like reducing the workload of faculty engaged in undergraduate research, and conducting frequent research methodology workshops for the under graduate students to improvise the standards of undergraduate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Unnikrishnan
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Holla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - T Rekha
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (A Constituent College of Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - B Reshmi
- Associate Professor, Department of Health Information Management, SOAHS, Manipal University, India
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Mithra P P, Unnikrishnan B, T R, Kumar N, Chatterjee PK, Holla R. Immunization practices of pediatricians for children younger than five years in coastal South India. J Prim Care Community Health 2014; 6:116-20. [PMID: 25318472 DOI: 10.1177/2150131914554455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Immunization helps in controlling infectious diseases. Child immunization is an important component of child survival programs in India, which mainly follows the National Immunization Schedule. Also, many of the injection practices followed are not safe. AIMS To study the practices of pediatricians toward the immunization of children younger than 5 years and injection-related waste management. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Cross-sectional study carried out in the city of Mangalore, a rapidly developing city in southern India. METHODS AND MATERIAL All the practicing pediatricians were included in the study and an interview was done on prior appointment using pretested interview schedule in March 2012, after obtaining clearance from the institutional ethics committee. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5. RESULTS Among the 54 practicing pediatricians in Mangalore, 42 were included in this study after exclusion criteria were applied. Among them, 71.4% were following the National Immunization Schedule, 5% did not prefer to give combination vaccines, 17% reported vaccine failure at least once in their practice, and 85.7% motivated the parents for future doses. Distance to the clinic and affordability were the major reasons for loss of follow-up. Only 38.1% used auto-disabled syringes, 11.9% did not observe the children following the immunization, and 45.2% did not use color coding for disposal of injection-related wastes. Mechanical hub cutters were preferred by 41% of the respondents. CONCLUSION The study showed the diversity in immunization practices. The National Immunization Schedule is the most commonly followed schedule. However, the safety of the injection practices was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Rekha T
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Ramesh Holla
- Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
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Ram P, Kanchan T, Unnikrishnan B. Pattern of acute poisonings in children below 15 years – A study from Mangalore, South India. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 25:26-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that people with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria are treated using Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy (ACT). ACT combines three-days of a short-acting artemisinin derivative with a longer-acting antimalarial which has a different mode of action. Pyronaridine has been reported as an effective antimalarial over two decades of use in parts of Asia, and is currently being evaluated as a partner drug for artesunate. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of artesunate-pyronaridine compared to alternative ACTs for treating people with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), published in The Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; EMBASE; LILACS; ClinicalTrials.gov; the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT); and the WHO International Clinical Trials Search Portal up to 16 January 2014. We searched reference lists and conference abstracts, and contacted experts for information about ongoing and unpublished trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials of artesunate-pyronaridine versus other ACTs in adults and children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.For the safety analysis, we also included adverse events data from trials comparing any treatment regimen containing pyronaridine with regimens not containing pyronaridine. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias, and extracted data. We combined dichotomous data using risk ratios (RR) and continuous data using mean differences (MD), and presented all results with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included six randomized controlled trials enrolling 3718 children and adults. Artesunate-pyronaridine versus artemether-lumefantrineIn two multicentre trials, enrolling mainly older children and adults from west and south-central Africa, both artesunate-pyronaridine and artemether-lumefantrine had fewer than 5% PCR adjusted treatment failures during 42 days of follow-up, with no differences between groups (two trials, 1472 participants, low quality evidence). There were fewer new infections during the first 28 days in those given artesunate-pyronaridine (PCR-unadjusted treatment failure: RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.90, two trials, 1720 participants, moderate quality evidence), but no difference was detected over the whole 42 day follow-up (two trials, 1691 participants, moderate quality evidence). Artesunate-pyronaridine versus artesunate plus mefloquineIn one multicentre trial, enrolling mainly older children and adults from South East Asia, both artesunate-pyronaridine and artesunate plus mefloquine had fewer than 5% PCR adjusted treatment failures during 28 days follow-up (one trial, 1187 participants, moderate quality evidence). PCR-adjusted treatment failures were 6% by day 42 for these treated with artesunate-pyronaridine, and 4% for those with artesunate-mefloquine (RR 1.64, 95% CI 0.89 to 3.00, one trial, 1116 participants, low quality evidence). Again, there were fewer new infections during the first 28 days in those given artesunate-pyronaridine (PCR-unadjusted treatment failure: RR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.73, one trial, 1720 participants, moderate quality evidence), but no differences were detected over the whole 42 days (one trial, 1146 participants, low quality evidence). Adverse effectsSerious adverse events were uncommon in these trials, with no difference detected between artesunate-pyronaridine and comparator ACTs. The analysis of liver function tests showed biochemical elevation were four times more frequent with artesunate-pyronaridine than with the other antimalarials (RR 4.17, 95% CI 1.38 to 12.62, four trials, 3523 participants, moderate quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Artesunate-pyronaridine performed well in these trials compared to artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate plus mefloquine, with PCR-adjusted treatment failure at day 28 below the 5% standard set by the WHO. Further efficacy and safety studies in African and Asian children are required to clarify whether this combination is an option for first-line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical CollegeMangalore, India
| | - Christine V Kramer
- Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool, UK
| | - David Sinclair
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpool, UK
| | - Suma Nair
- Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal, India
| | - Prathap Tharyan
- South Asian Cochrane Network & Centre, Prof. BV Moses Centre for Evidence-Informed Health Care and Health Policy, Christian Medical CollegeVellore, India
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Joshua AM, D’Souza V, Unnikrishnan B, Mithra P, Kamath A, Acharya V, Venugopal A. Effectiveness of progressive resistance strength training versus traditional balance exercise in improving balance among the elderly - a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:98-102. [PMID: 24783093 PMCID: PMC4003699 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8217.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Falls are important health issues among the elderly people. Most falls in elderly result from abnormal balance control mechanisms. Balance and muscle force generation are directly related, and are associated with age related muscular changes. Studies addressing fall prevention have focused on various group and individualised strength training. However, evidence on strengthening of key muscles necessary for maintaining balance and postural control is lacking. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of individualised progressive resistance strength training (PRT) programme in improving balance for forward limits of stability in elderly with balance impairment, compared to traditional balance exercise (TBE), and combination of both (COMBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomised controlled trial included three groups; 18 subjects in each aged ≥ 65 years, from the elderly care centres of Mangalore city in Southern India (between June 2008 and December 2012). Block randomisation technique was used and allocation concealment was done using sequentially arranged sealed opaque envelopes. The TBE group received 8 component traditional balance exercise; 4 times a week for 6 months. The PRT group received resistance training for the key muscles of lower extremities, using DeLormes and Watkins protocol. The COMBI group received PRT and TBE alternately (2 days of PRT and 2 days of TBE per week). Functional reach test (FRT) was used for measurement of forward limits of stability. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15. RESULTS For functional reach, PRT group had steady progression from baseline to 6 months (p<0.001). The TBE and COMBI groups showed considerable initial improvement; beyond 3 months, moderate improvement was seen. The changes in scores of FRT were significantly better for PRT than TBE. CONCLUSION Individualised PRT intervention targeting the key muscles of lower limbs is more effective than TBE in improving forward limits of stability among non-frail elderly aged ≥65 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham M. Joshua
- Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Vivian D’Souza
- Associate Dean Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - B. Unnikrishnan
- Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Asha Kamath
- Selection Grade Lecturer, Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, India
| | - Vishak Acharya
- Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India
| | - Anand Venugopal
- Medical Superintendent, Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, India
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142
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Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Agarwal D. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of south India. Afr Health Sci 2014; 14:255-60. [PMID: 26060488 PMCID: PMC4449048 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is highly prevalent among pregnant women and iron deficiency is the most important cause. Like many other countries, India has policies to give pregnant women iron supplements. Non-compliance is one important challenging factor in combating anaemia. OBJECTIVE To estimate the compliance for IFA tablets among pregnant women and to study the social factors influencing it. METHODOLOGY This study included 190 pregnant women seeking ante-natal care in tertiary health Centres in the Mangalore city in South India. After Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, data was collected by personal interview. Missing ≥2 doses consecutively was considered non-compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 25.8 years (SD: 4.1). Majority of the subjects consumed mixed diet and 72.1% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Overall, compliance with IFA tablets was 64.7%. Compliance increased with the increase in age, birth order and single daily dose. Forgetfulness and both perceived as well as experienced side effects of IFA therapy were the important factors for non-compliance. CONCLUSION There was a moderate level of Compliance towards IFA tablets with key social and demographic factors playing important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - T Rekha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - K Nithin
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - K Mohan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - R Holla
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
| | - D Agarwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore; India
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143
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Unnikrishnan B, Kanchan T, Kulkarni V, Kumar N, Papanna MK, Rekha T, Mithra P. Perceptions and practices of medical practitioners towards ethics in medical practice - a study from coastal South India. J Forensic Leg Med 2014; 22:51-6. [PMID: 24485422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ethics is the application of values and moral rules to human activities. Medical practitioners are expected to not only have the skills and knowledge relevant to their field but also with the ethical and legal expectations that arise out of the standard practices. The present research was conducted with an aim to study the perceptions and practices of medical practitioners towards healthcare ethics in Indian scenario and to strengthen the evidence in the field of ethics training. A cross-sectional study was carried out in three associate hospitals of a Medical College in Southern India. Medical practitioners included in the study were administered a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data was collected based on their responses on a 5 point Likert scale and analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. The majority of the participants mentioned that their perceptions of ethics in medical practice were based on information obtained during their undergraduate training, followed by experience at work. The medical practitioners had a positive perception on issues relating to consent in medical practice. However, the same degree of perception was not observed for issues related to confidentiality and their dealing with patients during emergency conditions. The majority of the medical practitioners agreed that ethical conduct is important to avoid legal and disciplinary actions. Among the medical practitioners, the responses of specialists and non-specialists were mostly similar with major differences of opinion for a few issues. A highest level of knowledge, awareness and understanding of ethics are expected in medical practice as it is the foundation of sound healthcare delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanuj Kanchan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India.
| | - Vaman Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Nithin Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohan Kumar Papanna
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - T Rekha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Affiliated to Manipal University), Mangalore 575001, Karnataka, India
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Nambiar S, Singhal P, Unnikrishnan B, Menon A. Clinico-epidemiological profile of orofacial clefts among children of coastal district of Southern India: A 5 year hospital based study. J Cleft Lip Palate Craniofac Anomal 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/2348-2125.126554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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145
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Mittal G, Menon A, Krishnan M, Nambiar S, Unnikrishnan B, Kanchan T. Analysis of sudden deaths in a coastal region of South India. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities 2014. [DOI: 10.7713/ijms.2013.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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146
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Srinivasan MP, Kamath PK, Manjrekar PA, Unnikrishnan B, Ullal A, Kotekar MF, Mahabala C. Correlation of severity of coronary artery disease with insulin resistance. N Am J Med Sci 2013; 5:611-4. [PMID: 24350075 PMCID: PMC3842704 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.120799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) has known to be associated with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the assessment of severity of the CAD based on IR in type 2 diabetes mellitus has not been established in detail. AIMS The aim of our study was to establish the correlation between IR and the severity of CAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a cross-sectional study design, 61 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent coronary angiogram for the evaluation of CAD were recruited. Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin levels, systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio were determined. Homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) was correlated with severity of CAD, which was measured by modified Gensini Score. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between log HOMA-IR and severity of CAD (r = 0.303, P = 0.009) in diabetic patients. Correlation of the Gensini Score with other known risk factors was not significant. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that we might able to predict the severity of CAD by measure of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund P Srinivasan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmanabh K Kamath
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Poornima A Manjrekar
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aishwarya Ullal
- Jr. Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Faheem Kotekar
- Jr. Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chakrapani Mahabala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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147
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Mithra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Nithin K, Mohan K, Kulkarni V, Kulkarni V, Agarwal D. Compliance with iron-folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women in an urban area of south India. Afr Health Sci 2013; 13:880-5. [PMID: 24940307 PMCID: PMC4056486 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is highly prevalent among pregnant women and iron deficiency is the most important cause. Like many other countries, India has policies to give pregnant women iron supplements. Non-compliance is one important challenging factor in combating anaemia. OBJECTIVE To estimate the compliance for IFA tablets among pregnant women and to study the social factors influencing it. METHODOLOGY This study included 190 pregnant women seeking ante-natal care in tertiary health centres in the Mangalore city in south India. After Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval, data was collected by personal interview. Missing >2 doses consecutively was considered non-compliance. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 11.5. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 25.8 years (SD: 4.1). Most of the subjects consumed mixed diet and 72.1% belonged to lower socioeconomic status. Overall, compliance with IFA tablets was 64.7%. Compliance increased with the increase in age, birth order and single daily dose. Forgetfulness and both perceived as well as experienced side effects of IFA therapy were the important factors for non-compliance. CONCLUSION There was a moderate level of compliance towards IFA tablets with key social and demographic factors playing an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - T Rekha
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - K Nithin
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - K Mohan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - V Kulkarni
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
| | - D Agarwal
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College (Manipal University), Mangalore, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common neuro-psychiatric consequence of stroke, affecting approximately 40% of the patients. Many studies show that in addition to the psychosocial stress, neurobiological factors such as site of infarct and brain atrophy may also be related to Post Stroke Depression (PSD). There are conflicting results in this area of research and paucity of such data in Indian literature. Thus the aim of this study is to weigh the importance of lesion location in PSD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty two subjects with their first ever stroke were interviewed using a semi-structured proforma and PSD diagnosed using MINI Plus interview. Scales of Beck Depression Inventory and Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale were used to assess severity of depression. Mini mental state examination was used to assess cognitive impairment and Barthel Index to measure Activities of Daily Living. Neuro-imaging provided information on site and side of lesion. Collected data was analysed using SPSS version 15.0. RESULTS PSD was diagnosed in 28 subjects, amongst who 19 had left sided lesions. Left sided cortical infarcts and sub cortical infarcts showed statistically significant association with PSD. CONCLUSION Results are in keeping with previous landmark studies. Differences in emotional reactions depending on hemisphere and site of the infarct as shown in this study suggest organic biological basis for post stroke depression. Understanding the etiological basis would allow clinicians to monitor patients at risk of developing PSD, enabling early detection and treatment thus improving their quality of life and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Rajashekaran
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Keshava Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravish Thunga
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Unnikrishnan
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Mithra P, Ravindra P, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Kanchan T, Kumar N, Papanna M, Kulkarni V, Holla R, Divyavaraprasad K. Perceptions and attitudes towards organ donation among people seeking healthcare in tertiary care centers of coastal South India. Indian J Palliat Care 2013; 19:83-7. [PMID: 24049347 PMCID: PMC3775029 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1075.116701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment modality for end-stage organ diseases. The need for the transplants is higher than the availability. Prerequisites for the success of transplantation program include awareness and positive attitudes. Aim: To assess the perceptions and attitudes of the people seeking health care in tertiary care centers towards organ donation in Mangalore, India. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study included 863 people seeking general healthcare as outpatients. Materials and Methods: Face to face interviews were carried out using pretested tools which included the socio demographic data. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5. Results: Overall, 59.6% participants showed the willingness to donate organs. Females (64.1%) and participants from upper socio economic status (62.7%) had higher willingness rates for organ donations. Hindus (63.6%) and Christians (63.3%) had higher willingness rates for organ donations than Muslims (38.2%). Also, 23.7% participants showed willingness to donate eyes and 33.6% wished to donate any organ after death. Most of the participants (67%) were aware that money should not be accepted for donating organs, and 58.1% were aware that it is an offence to accept any benefit for organ donations. Forty percent participants had perceived risks associated with organ donation. Regarding donor cards, 42.3% of the participants knew about it and 3.7% already possessed it. Conclusion: It is apparent from the study that though there was high level of awareness about organ donation, a high proportion of the participants did not have positive attitudes towards organ donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Mithra
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Joseph N, Naik VA, Mahantshetti NS, Unnikrishnan B, Mallapur M, Kotian SM. Factors associated with morbidities among infants in three sub centre areas of belgaum district of South India: a longitudinal study. Indian J Community Med 2013; 38:168-74. [PMID: 24019603 PMCID: PMC3760326 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Health status of infants is a sensitive indicator of development and factors influencing it need to be better understood. Objectives: This study was conducted to search for factors associated with morbidity among infants and to find out their influence on weight gain during infancy. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was undertaken in south India from November 2004 till April 2006. A birth cohort of all children born during first 6 months of the study period were assessed at enrollment and followed up monthly till they attained 1 year of age. Results: Incidence of morbidity among infants was found to be least among those exclusively breast fed (EBF) for 6 months and most when EBF for less than 6 months (P = 0.045). It was also more when infants were weaned with a combination of animal milk, formula milk, semi-solids and solid diet and least when weaned only with semi-solids and solids (P = 0.018). Diarrheal episodes were more in infants who were bottle-fed (P < 0.001). Weight gain between 6th and 12th month of infancy was found to be significantly affected by various morbidities (P = 0.001). Incidence of morbidities was less among preterm babies and more among partially immunized (P < 0.001) babies with birth order ≥ 3 (P = 0.012), babies of mothers with low socio-economic and educational status. Delayed milestones during infancy was seen more in babies with history of birth asphyxia (P = 0.018). Conclusion: Several factors influenced incidence of morbidities and these morbidities had a negative effect on weight gain. Hence these factors need to be addressed to promote better child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Joseph
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore, India
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