101
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Abstract
More and more studies report on the roles that galectins play in numerous types of cancer. These roles can be varied, as has been shown particularly for galectin-3. These studies have created the need for inhibitors that can block unwanted effects, and the need to detect galectins in tissues, in order to better understand their role, and aid in diagnosis and prognosis. Since galectins bind beta-galactosides, monovalent galactose-derived inhibitors have been prepared but also peptidic ones have appeared. Since galectins often induce crosslinking and partake in aggregation phenomena, multivalency has been a successful design element in inhibitor development. Currently, there are no cheap and convenient solutions available for the detection of, ideally multiple, galectins in tissue samples, although antibody-based methods such as ELISA and Western blot analysis are being used. Besides these, a chemical probe-based method also shows potential as an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland J Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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102
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Kasyanov V, Isenburg J, Draughn RA, Hazard S, Hodde J, Ozolanta I, Murovska M, Halkes SB, Vrasidas I, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ, Simionescu D, Markwald RR, Mironov V. Tannic acid mimicking dendrimers as small intestine submucosa stabilizing nanomordants. Biomaterials 2006; 27:745-51. [PMID: 16102811 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical stabilization resulting in increased resistance to proteolytic degradation is one of the approaches in prevention of post-implantational aneurysm development in decellularized natural vascular scaffolds. Recently, tannic acid (TA) and tannic acid mimicking dendrimers (TAMD) have been suggested as potential stabilization agents for collagen and elastin. The aim of this work was to determine the stabilizing effects of TAMD on decellularized natural scaffolds. Vascular scaffolds fabricated from small intestine submucosa (SIS) and SIS plane sheets (Cook Biotech Inc.) were used. The biomechanical properties of the SIS vascular graft segments treated with TA and TAMD were tested. The effect of TAMD treatment on resistance to proteolytic degradation was evaluated by measuring biomechanical properties of TAMD stabilized and non-stabilized SIS specimens after incubation in collagenase solution. It was shown that treatment with TA as well as with TAMD increased the strength of tubular SIS as well as their resistance to proteolytic biodegradation manifested by preservation of biomechanical properties after collagenase treatment. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that treatment with TAMD increased the periodical pattern typical of collagen fiber ultrastructure as a result of the "mordant" effect. The possible collagen cross-linking effect of TAMD on SIS was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The treatment with TAMD induced a small, but detectable cross-linking effect, suggesting that TAMD do not establish extensive covalent cross links within the extracellular matrix but rather interact with collagen, thus rendering SIS scaffolds more resistant to proteolytic degradation.
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103
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Ballell L, van Scherpenzeel M, Buchalova K, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ. A new chemical probe for the detection of the cancer-linked galectin-3. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:4387-94. [PMID: 17102885 DOI: 10.1039/b611050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A chemical probe was developed for the detection of the emerging cancer marker galectin-3. The probe contains a benzophenone moiety which covalently attaches itself to the protein upon binding and irradiation. Introduction of a fluorescent label via'click' chemistry allows the labelled proteins to be visualized in a gel. With the probe, selective visualization of galectin-3 in protein mixtures was shown and remarkably even in cell lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Ballell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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104
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Autar R, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ. A facile synthesis of the GalNAcβ1→4Gal target sequence of respiratory pathogens. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2436-42. [PMID: 16111663 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate sequence, GalNAcbeta1-->4Gal, is the target for the adhesion of several respiratory pathogens. The sequence was prepared in an optimized synthesis in forms that allow conjugation to scaffolds or surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Autar
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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105
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Joosten JAF, Tholen NTH, Ait El Maate F, Brouwer AJ, van Esse GW, Rijkers DTS, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ. High-Yielding Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Triazole-Linked Glycodendrimers by Copper-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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106
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Benedek O, Khan AS, Schneider G, Nagy G, Autar R, Pieters RJ, Emody L. Identification of laminin-binding motifs of plasminogen activator by phage display. Int J Med Microbiol 2005; 295:87-98. [PMID: 15969469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis plasminogen activator (Pla), a surface virulence factor contributes to the highly invasive nature of the pathogen by binding various tissue matrix components. In this study we characterised the laminin-binding site(s) of Pla via phage display and alanine-scanning mutagenesis. Previously we isolated 18 different heptamer peptide sequences from a phage display library with biopanning on laminin, and have shown that two of them with sequences of WSLLTPA or YPYIPTL completely inhibited laminin binding of a Pla-expressing recombinant Escherichia coli strain. These phages themselves strongly bound laminin in an ELISA assay utilising horseradish peroxidase-labelled anti-M 13 antibody. In the present study, with the application of synthetic peptides, a 55% and a 33% inhibition was demonstrated using WSLLTPA and YPYIPTL, respectively. Peptide pattern alignment showed two homologous regions for WSLLTPA and one for YPYIPTL inside the Pla sequence. Amino acids were changed for alanine in one of the WSLLTPA regions and in the YPYIPTL region in order to prove the role of the LTP/PTL motifs in laminin binding. Of the four constructed mutants, the triple mutant L65A-T66A-L67A in the WSLLTPA region and the double mutant G178A-L179A in the YPYIPTL region decreased the laminin binding capacity of the Pla-expressing recombinant E. coli by about 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Benedek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti ut 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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107
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André S, Arnusch CJ, Kuwabara I, Russwurm R, Kaltner H, Gabius HJ, Pieters RJ. Identification of peptide ligands for malignancy- and growth-regulating galectins using random phage-display and designed combinatorial peptide libraries. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:563-73. [PMID: 15598577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the galectin family of endogenous lectins are involved in tumor growth regulation and in establishing characteristics of the malignant phenotype via protein-carbohydrate and protein-protein interactions. To identify peptide ligands with the potential to modulate these tumor-relevant interactions beneficially, complementary screening methods were employed, that is, both phage-display and a combinatorial pentapeptide library with the key YXY tripeptide core. Three representative prototype galectins were selected. The search for high-affinity ligands among phage-displayed random heptamers yielded enrichment after five selection cycles of the nonglycomimetic CQSPSARSC peptide in the case of the chicken homologue of galectin-1 but not the human protein, an indication for specificity. The most active glycomimetic from the combinatorial library of 5832 pentamers was WYKYW. Identification of peptide ligands for galectins with and without glycomimetic properties is thus possible. Our study documents the potential to combine the two library-based approaches for structural optimization of lead peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine André
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 München, Germany
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108
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Ballell L, Alink KJ, Slijper M, Versluis C, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ. Cover Picture: A New Chemical Probe for Proteomics of Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins (ChemBioChem 2/2005). Chembiochem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200590003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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109
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Rijkers DTS, van Esse GW, Merkx R, Brouwer AJ, Jacobs HJF, Pieters RJ, Liskamp RMJ. Efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of multivalent dendrimeric peptides using cycloaddition reaction (click) chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:4581-3. [PMID: 16158121 DOI: 10.1039/b507975f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent dendrimeric peptides were synthesized via a microwave-assisted Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azido peptides and dendrimeric alkynes in yields ranging from 46 to 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk T S Rijkers
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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110
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Joosten JAF, Loimaranta V, Appeldoorn CCM, Haataja S, El Maate FA, Liskamp RMJ, Finne J, Pieters RJ. Inhibition of Streptococcus suis adhesion by dendritic galabiose compounds at low nanomolar concentration. J Med Chem 2004. [PMID: 15588085 DOI: 10.1021/jm049476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of mono-, di-, and tetravalent galabiose (Galalpha1-4Gal) compounds were synthesized in good yields by coupling of a general carboxylic acid-bearing sugar building block to dendritic scaffolds based on the 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid branching unit. Furthermore, a poly(amidoamine)- (PAMAM-) based dendritic galabioside was synthesized containing eight galabiose units. All galabiosides were tested in a hemagglutination assay and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) competition assay in order to establish their potency in the binding to the bacterial Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus suis. A monovalent galabioside containing a short spacer was used as a reference compound in all the assays. Variations in the scaffold as well as in the spacer arms were introduced to determine their influence on the inhibition. The best inhibitor of hemagglutination was an octavalent galabioside with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3 nM, to the best of our knowledge the first example of inhibition of bacterial binding by a soluble carbohydrate at a subnanomolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A F Joosten
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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111
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluis Ballell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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112
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Joosten JAF, Loimaranta V, Appeldoorn CCM, Haataja S, El Maate FA, Liskamp RMJ, Finne J, Pieters RJ. Inhibition ofStreptococcussuisAdhesion by Dendritic Galabiose Compounds at Low Nanomolar Concentration. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6499-508. [PMID: 15588085 DOI: 10.1021/jm049476+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of mono-, di-, and tetravalent galabiose (Galalpha1-4Gal) compounds were synthesized in good yields by coupling of a general carboxylic acid-bearing sugar building block to dendritic scaffolds based on the 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid branching unit. Furthermore, a poly(amidoamine)- (PAMAM-) based dendritic galabioside was synthesized containing eight galabiose units. All galabiosides were tested in a hemagglutination assay and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) competition assay in order to establish their potency in the binding to the bacterial Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus suis. A monovalent galabioside containing a short spacer was used as a reference compound in all the assays. Variations in the scaffold as well as in the spacer arms were introduced to determine their influence on the inhibition. The best inhibitor of hemagglutination was an octavalent galabioside with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3 nM, to the best of our knowledge the first example of inhibition of bacterial binding by a soluble carbohydrate at a subnanomolar concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A F Joosten
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Post Office Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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113
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Ballell L, Joosten JA, Maate FAE, Liskamp RM, Pieters RJ. Microwave-assisted, tin-mediated, regioselective 3-O-alkylation of galactosides. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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114
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Arosio D, Vrasidas I, Valentini P, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ, Bernardi A. Synthesis and cholera toxin binding properties of multivalent GM1 mimics. Org Biomol Chem 2004; 2:2113-24. [PMID: 15254640 DOI: 10.1039/b405344c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers based on the 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)-benzoic acid branching unit were used to attach multiple copies of a GM1 mimic for inhibition of cholera toxin binding. Systems up to octavalent were synthesized along with relevant reference compounds that contained in one case the ligand in a monovalent format and in another case the scaffold but not the ligand. Using a surface plasmon resonance inhibition assay the prepared inhibitors showed good inhibition. While the monovalent GM1 mimic showed the expected inhibition in the 200 microM range the multivalent scaffolds led to increased binding. The tetravalent compound was shown to be 440-fold more potent than its monovalent counterpart. The octavalent analog, however, was the most potent compound as determined using an ELISA assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Arosio
- Dipartmento di Chimica Organica e Industriale, via Venezian, Milano, Italy
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115
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Arnusch CJ, André S, Valentini P, Lensch M, Russwurm R, Siebert HC, Fischer MJE, Gabius HJ, Pieters RJ. Interference of the galactose-dependent binding of lectins by novel pentapeptide ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:1437-40. [PMID: 15006378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A library of pentapeptides containing the sequence -Y-X-Y- based on rational design was screened with six different lectins. Sequences were identified that modulate galectin binding to its natural carbohydrate ligand. SPR showed inhibition values 2-3 times stronger than galactose and NMR studies suggested real carbohydrate mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Arnusch
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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116
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Pieters RJ. Interference with Lectin Binding and Bacterial Adhesion by Multivalent Carbohydrates and Peptidic Carbohydrate Mimics. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2004. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.16.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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117
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Autar R, Khan AS, Schad M, Hacker J, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ. Adhesion Inhibition of F1C-Fimbriated Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK and PAO by Multivalent Carbohydrate Ligands. Chembiochem 2003; 4:1317-25. [PMID: 14661274 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate their inhibition of bacterial adhesion, the carbohydrate sequences GalNAcbeta1-->4Gal and GalNAcbeta1-->4Galbeta1-->4Glc were synthesized. The disaccharide was conjugated to dendrons based on the 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)-benzoic acid branching unit to yield di- and tetravalent versions of these compounds. A divalent compound was also prepared that had significantly longer spacer arms. Relevant monovalent compounds were prepared for comparison. Their anti-adhesion properties against F1C-fimbriated uropathogenic Escherichia coli were evaluated in an ELISA-type assay by using a recombinant strain and also by using Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PAO and PAK. Adhesion inhibition was observed in all cases, and multivalency effects of up to one order of magnitude were observed. The combination of spacer and multivalency effects led to a 38-fold increase in the potency of a divalent inhibitor with long spacer arms towards the PAO strain when compared with the free carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Autar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P. O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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118
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Kopitz J, André S, von Reitzenstein C, Versluis K, Kaltner H, Pieters RJ, Wasano K, Kuwabara I, Liu FT, Cantz M, Heck AJR, Gabius HJ. Homodimeric galectin-7 (p53-induced gene 1) is a negative growth regulator for human neuroblastoma cells. Oncogene 2003; 22:6277-88. [PMID: 13679866 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1206631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular functions of galectin-7 (p53-induced gene 1) are largely unknown. On the surface of neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-MC), the increased GM1 density, a result of upregulated ganglioside sialidase activity, is a key factor for the switch from proliferation to differentiation. We show by solid-phase and cell assays that the sugar chain of this ganglioside is a ligand for galectin-7. In serum-supplemented proliferation assays, galectin-7 reduced neuroblastoma cell growth without the appearance of features characteristic for classical apoptosis. The presence of galectin-3 blocked this effect, which mechanistically resembles that of galectin-1. By virtue of carbohydrate binding, galectin-7 thus exerts neuroblastoma growth control similar to galectin-1 despite their structural differences. In addition to p53-linked proapoptotic activity intracellularly, galectin-7, acting as a lectin on the cell surface, appears to be capable of reducing cancer cell proliferation in susceptible systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kopitz
- Institut für Molekulare Pathologie, Klinikum der Ruprecht-Karls-Universtiät, Im Neuenheimer Feld 220, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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119
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Vrasidas I, André S, Valentini P, Böck C, Lensch M, Kaltner H, Liskamp RM, Gabius HJ, Pieters RJ. Rigidified multivalent lactose molecules and their interactions with mammalian galectins: a route to selective inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:803-10. [PMID: 12929363 DOI: 10.1039/b210923a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New and rigid multivalent lactose molecules were prepared. The structures contain lactose-2-aminothiazoline units at the periphery that were formed from a cyclisation of the thiourea sulphur onto the triple bond of the spacer. The lactosides were evaluated as inhibitors against lectin binding in a solid phase inhibition assay. In this assay the glycoprotein asialofetuin was immobilized onto the surface of microtiter plate wells, mimicking cell surface presentation, while mammalian galectins-1, -3 or -5 were in solution. Between the three galectins, the folding pattern and sequence are closely related but the topology of presentation of the carbohydrate recognition domains differs. Strong multivalency effects were observed for the tetravalent lactoside in the inhibition of galectin-3 binding with enhancements of almost 4300-fold compared to lactose. Remarkable selectivity was obtained in the inhibition since relative potencies of the tetravalent lactoside with the proto type galectins-1 and -5 did not exceed a factor of 143 relative to lactose. The binding of the lactosides to galectin-3 was also studied by fluorescence spectroscopy with all components in solution. These studies showed no multivalency effects in the inherent binding affinities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vrasidas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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120
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121
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Halkes SBA, Vrasidas I, Rooijer GR, van den Berg AJJ, Liskamp RMJ, Pieters RJ. Synthesis and biological activity of polygalloyl-dendrimers as stable tannic acid mimics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:1567-70. [PMID: 12039563 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the structure of tannic acid, first- to third-generation dendrimers containing two, four, and eight galloyl moieties were synthesized. Stability, antioxidant activity and collagen cross-linking activity of the natural product and its dendrimer analogues were compared. The experimental results indicate that polygalloyl dendrimers might be used as new lead compounds to improve the long-term healing characteristics of burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bart A Halkes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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122
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Abstract
[structure: see text] During the search for improved monovalent ligands for cholera toxin (CT), a new lactose-2-aminothiazoline conjugate was discovered. In a fluorescence binding assay the compound was found to be one of the strongest relatively simple CT ligands to date with a K(d) of 23 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vrasidas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB, The Netherlands
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123
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Tsao BL, Pieters RJ, Rebek JJ. Convergent Functional Groups. 16. Hydrolysis of Phosphate Triesters by a Novel Cleft. Influence of Binding on Overall Rate Acceleration. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00113a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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124
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125
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Doyle MP, Pieters RJ, Martin SF, Austin RE, Oalmann CJ, Mueller P. High enantioselectivity in the intramolecular cyclopropanation of allyl diazoacetates using a novel rhodium(II) catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ja00004a059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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126
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127
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Doyle MP, High KG, Bagheri V, Pieters RJ, Lewis PJ, Pearson MM. Rhodium(II) perfluorobutyrate catalyzed silane alcoholysis. A highly selective route to silyl ethers. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00312a010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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128
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Doyle MP, Pieters RJ, Taunton J, Pho HQ, Padwa A, Hertzog DL, Precedo L. Synthesis of nitrogen-containing polycycles via rhodium(II)-induced cyclization-cycloaddition and insertion reactions of N-(diazoacetoacetyl)amides. Conformational control of reaction selectivity. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00002a058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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André S, Pieters RJ, Vrasidas I, Kaltner H, Kuwabara I, Liu FT, Liskamp RM, Gabius HJ. Wedgelike glycodendrimers as inhibitors of binding of mammalian galectins to glycoproteins, lactose maxiclusters, and cell surface glycoconjugates. Chembiochem 2001; 2:822-30. [PMID: 11948868 DOI: 10.1002/1439-7633(20011105)2:11<822::aid-cbic822>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins that are involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, and growth regulation with relevance to inflammation and tumor spread. These important functions account for the interest to design suitable low molecular weight inhibitors that match the distinct modes of presentation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of the different galectin subfamilies. Using 3,5-di-(2-aminoethoxy)benzoic acid as the branching unit, wedgelike glycodendrimers with two, four, and eight lactose moieties (G1-G3) were synthesized. They were tested in solid-phase competition assays with lactose maxiclusters and various N-glycan branching profiles (miniclusters) as the matrix and also in cell assays. Prototype galectins-1 and -7, chimera-type galectin-3, a plant (AB)(2) toxin, and a lactose-binding immunoglobulin G fraction from human serum were the carbohydrate-binding targets. Potent inhibition and remarkable cluster effects were seen for the homodimeric galectin-1, especially in combination with biantennary N-glycans as the matrix. Remarkably, for the tetravalent G2 glycodendrimer, the inhibitory potency of each lactose unit reached a maximum value of 1667 relative to free lactose. In haemagglutination experiments as a model for cell adhesion, galectin-3 was markedly sensitive to increased sugar valency and a relative potency per lactose of 150 was reached. The spatial orientation of the carbohydrate recognition domains of the endogenous lectins and the branching pattern of the carbohydrates of the glycoprotein matrices used are both important factors in the design and synthesis of glycodendrimers with galectin-selective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- S André
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 München, Germany
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Rink R, Lutje Spelberg JH, Pieters RJ, Kingma J, Nardini M, Kellogg RM, Dijkstra BW, Janssen DB. Mutation of Tyrosine Residues Involved in the Alkylation Half Reaction of Epoxide Hydrolase from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 Results in Improved Enantioselectivity. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990501o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rick Rink
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey H. Lutje Spelberg
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kingma
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Nardini
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard M. Kellogg
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke W. Dijkstra
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick B. Janssen
- Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Bifunctional molecules containing both a biotin and a substrate unit have been designed and synthesized for phage display screening of mutant libraries of haloalkane dehalogenase enzymes. The molecules were assembled using a convergent modular synthetic strategy. One molecule was synthesized to evaluate the concept of covalent capture and a second for screening of phage libraries for enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Pieters
- Department of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Pieters RJ, Cuntze J, Bonnet M, Diederich F. Enantioselective recognition with C3-symmetric cage-like receptors in solution and on a stationary phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1039/a702627g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pieters RJ, Diederich F. Enantioselective complexation of excitatory amino acid derivatives by chiral, cage-like C 3-symmetrical receptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/cc9960002255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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