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Abstract
BACKGROUND Health services are one of the work areas that contain important risks in terms of the occupational health and safety of the laborer. Professionals in various areas of health services encounter biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks, particularly in hospitals. OBJECTIVES This study has been performed to evaluate the impacts of the occupational risks on health of health professionals in Turkey. FINDINGS In Turkey, as an emerging economy, the history of studies on health professionals is not longstanding. There have been various regulations intended for the occupational health and safety of health professionals in line with the Regulation of the Provision on Patient and Staff Safety prepared in 2012. However, applications can differ from region to region, institution to institution, and person to person. CONCLUSIONS We believe that this review will lead health professionals to be aware of occupational risks and contribute to planning health services for health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ferdi Tanir
- Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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102
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Lenzuni P. Application of the Extreme Value Distribution to Estimate the Uncertainty of Peak Sound Pressure Levels at the Workplace. Ann Occup Hyg 2015; 59:775-87. [PMID: 25977559 DOI: 10.1093/annhyg/mev018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to develop a method for the statistical inference of the maximum peak sound pressure level and of the associated uncertainty. Both quantities are requested by the EU directive 2003/10/EC for a complete and solid assessment of the noise exposure at the workplace. METHODS Based on the characteristics of the sound pressure waveform, it is hypothesized that the distribution of the measured peak sound pressure levels follows the extreme value distribution. The maximum peak level is estimated as the largest member of a finite population following this probability distribution. The associated uncertainty is also discussed, taking into account not only the contribution due to the incomplete sampling but also the contribution due to the finite precision of the instrumentation. RESULTS The largest of the set of measured peak levels underestimates the maximum peak sound pressure level. The underestimate can be as large as 4 dB if the number of measurements is limited to 3-4, which is common practice in occupational noise assessment. The extended uncertainty is also quite large (~2.5 dB), with a weak dependence on the sampling details. CONCLUSIONS Following the procedure outlined in this article, a reliable comparison between the peak sound pressure levels measured in a workplace and the EU directive action limits is possible. Non-compliance can occur even when the largest of the set of measured peak levels is several dB below such limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lenzuni
- Florence Research Unit, Italian National Workers' Compensation Authority, Via delle Porte Nuove 61, 50144 Florence, Italy
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103
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Stoyneva ZB, Dermendjiev S, Dermendjiev T, Dobrev H. Work-Related Upper Limb Disorders: A Case Report. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2015; 3:146-50. [PMID: 27275213 PMCID: PMC4877775 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2015.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the complex interrelationship between physical factors, job stress, lifestyle and genetic factors on symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limbs is demonstrated by a case report and discussion of the literature. A 58 year old woman with long lasting complaints of the upper limbs with increasing intensity and duration, generalisation, combined with skin thickness, Raynaud's phenomenon, joint disorders, arterial and pulmonary hypertension, metabolic lipid dysfunctions is presented. Occupational history proves continuous duration of service at a job with occupational physical static load with numerous repetitive monotonous systematic motions of fingers and hands as a weaver of Persian rugs followed by work at an automated loom and variable labour activities. Though the complaints dated since the time she was a manual weaver, the manifestations of generalized joint degenerative changes, system sclerosis with Raynaud's phenomenon with similar upper extremities signs and symptoms discount upper limbs musculoskeletal disorder as caused only or mainly by occupational risk factors. The main principles and criteria for occupational diagnosis of musculoskeletal upper limb disorders and legislative requirements for their reglamentation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatka Borisova Stoyneva
- University Hospital St. Ivan Rilsky, Clinic of Occupational Diseases, Medical University - Sofia, Bulgaria; University Hospital St George, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Hristo Dobrev
- University Hospital St George, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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104
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Abstract
A 32-year old male hairdresser presented with redness and irritation of the left eye for past 15 days. A fragment of hair was found embedded in deep corneal stroma with minimal scarring. No evidence was found of previous or current inflammation incited by this foreign body. The position and depth of the hair fragment was documented by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and its effect on the corneal endothelium was assessed by specular microscopy. Hairdressers should take adequate precautions to prevent ocular injury although human hair appears to be well tolerated by the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varshini Shanker
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Venu Eye Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Nigam
- Oculoplasty and Orbit, Venu Eye Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Umang Mathur
- Cornea and Refractive Services, Dr. Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital, Daryaganj, New Delhi, India
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105
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LY KN, ROBERTS H, WILLIAMS RE, MASUNU-FALEAFAGA Y, DROBENIUC J, KAMILI S, TESHALE EH. Hepatitis B vaccination for healthcare personnel in American Samoa: pre-implementation survey for policy decision. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 142:2610-5. [PMID: 24476680 PMCID: PMC9151290 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268813003506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
American Samoa does not have a hepatitis B vaccination policy for healthcare personnel (HCP). Consequently, hepatitis B has remained a health threat to HCP. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional study and examined demographic and risk information and hepatitis B vaccination, testing, and serostatus in hospital employees in American Samoa. Of 604 hospital employees, 231 (38·2%) participated, and of these, 158 (68·4%) were HCP. Of HCP participants, 1·9% had chronic hepatitis B infection, 36·1% were susceptible, and 60·8% were immune. Nearly half of HCP participants reported history of needlestick injury. Overall, participants' knowledge of their hepatitis B infection and vaccination status was low. These data support the adoption of a hepatitis B vaccination policy for HCP by American Samoa, as currently recommended by the World Health Organization and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adherence to the policy could be monitored as a way to measure protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. N. LY
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H. ROBERTS
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R. E. WILLIAMS
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y. MASUNU-FALEAFAGA
- American Samoa Immunization Program, American Samoa Department of Health, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - J. DROBENIUC
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - S. KAMILI
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E. H. TESHALE
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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106
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GRIDELET L, DELBECQ P, HERVÉ L, BOISSOLLE P, FLEURY D, KOWAL S, FAYET G. Proposal of a new risk assessment method for the handling of powders and nanomaterials. Ind Health 2014; 53:56-68. [PMID: 25327299 PMCID: PMC4331195 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2014-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new approach to assess the risks inherent in the implementation of powders, including nanomaterials, has been developed, based on the OHB (Occupational Hazard Band) method which is widely spread in the chemical industry. Hazard classification has not been modified; only the control of exposure has been worked at. The method applies essentially to the prevention of the exposures to airborne materials, whatever their particle size. The method considers exposure based on seven parameters which take into account the characteristics of the materials used, their emission potential, the conditions of use, as well as classic parameters of exposure characterization like duration and frequency. The method is a pragmatic exploitation of the state-of-art and of available data, bearing in mind that a lot of them are not easily accessible to factory operators. The result of the reflection is then positioned on a hazard versus exposure matrix from which 4 levels of priority of action are defined, as in the classical OHB method used to manage pure chemical risk. This approach fills a gap in terms of risk assessment and avoids jeopardizing all that has been set up for years, while introducing new elements of decision making accessible to all operators.
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107
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Alves SB, e Souza ACS, Tipple AFV, Rezende KCAD, de Resende FR, Rodrigues ÉG, Pereira MS. The reality of waste management in primary health care units in Brazil. Waste Manag Res 2014; 32:40-47. [PMID: 25034368 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x14543815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A large number of users are serviced in primary health care units in Brazil, both in health facilities and in households. These services generate waste that must be managed safely, but there is no legislation that regulates this type of waste management in Brazil. The objective of this study was to analyse the production and management of waste in primary health care. A direct observation was performed of the stages in the handling and weighing of waste generated in primary health care units in the municipality of Goiânia (Brazil). The units generated infectious, chemical, and common waste, as well as sharp objects. The generation of waste ranged between 0.027 and 0.075 kg user-day. The generated waste was classified mostly as common and recyclable. Flaws were observed in the management of all types of waste. The critical point is segregation. Only 34.1% of the waste disposed of as infectious actually belonged to this group, the rest was ordinary waste. Flaws at this stage increase the volume of infectious waste, the occupational and environmental risks, and associated costs. Intervention to change this reality is needed and it requires the careful preparation of a waste management plan, corroborating structural changes to the implementation of this plan, and professional training and public policies to guide waste management in primary care, especially those generated in households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiane B Alves
- Faculty of Nursing at the Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Érika G Rodrigues
- Faculty of Nursing at the Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Milca S Pereira
- Faculty of Nursing at the Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
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108
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DI PIAZZA F, DI BENEDETTO M, MAIDA C, GLORIOSO S, ADAMO G, MAZZOLA T, FIRENZE A. A study on occupational exposure of Sicilian farmers to Giardia and Cryptosporidium. J Prev Med Hyg 2013; 54:212-7. [PMID: 24779283 PMCID: PMC4718323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in calves of Palermo area (Sicily) and to evaluate the occupational risk associated with occurrence of zoonotic genotypes. METHODS A total of 217 faecal samples, from 149 calves (between 2 and 240 days of age) and 68 farmers, were collected in 19 cattle-farms of Palermo area. A questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics and personal hygienic measures was submitted to all farmers. All faecal samples were analyzed by Immunofluorescence assay and Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR); genotypes were determined by DNA sequencing of Triose Phosphate Isomerase gene for Giardia and Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA gene for Cryptosporidium. RESULTS None farmer tested was positive for Giardia and Cryptosporidium, whereas these protozoa were respectively detected in 53 (including 5 with zoonotic G. duodenalis genotype A) and 17 (of which 1 with zoonotic C. ubiquitum) of the examined calves. DISCUSSION The results indicate that the risk of transmitting both protozoa to farmers in Palermo area is negligible although it cannot be considered null because of identification of human genotypes/species in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. DI PIAZZA
- Department of Health Sciences and Promotion, University of Palermo, Italy;,Correspondence: Florinda Di Piazza, Department of Health Sciences and Promotion, University of Palermo, Italy - Tel. +39 091 6552509 - Fax +39 091 6554525 - E-mail:
| | - M.A. DI BENEDETTO
- Department of Health Sciences and Promotion, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - C.M. MAIDA
- Department of Health Sciences and Promotion, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - S. GLORIOSO
- Provincial Health Unit 6, Veterinary District, Palermo, Italy
| | - G. ADAMO
- Provincial Health Unit 6, Veterinary District, Palermo, Italy
| | - T. MAZZOLA
- Provincial Health Unit 6, Veterinary District, Palermo, Italy
| | - A. FIRENZE
- Department of Health Sciences and Promotion, University of Palermo, Italy
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109
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Becirovic S, Pranjic N, Sarajlic-Spahic S, Ahmetagic S, Huseinagic S. Assessment of Reporting, Attitudes and Knowledge About the Stab Incidents and Professional Risk of Viral Infection among Health Care Professionals in Primary Health Care. Mater Sociomed 2013; 25:113-7. [PMID: 24082835 PMCID: PMC3769157 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2013.25.113-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conflict of interest: none declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Becirovic
- , Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla , Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina ; , Department of Occupational Pathology and Toxicology, Primary Health Care Centre Tuzla , Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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110
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da Rocha SS, Marinho JM, Oliveira ES, Rodrigues JS, Conceição EL, Meira AE, Almeida A, Mendes CMC, Arruda S, Barbosa T. Non-compliance with health surveillance is a matter of Biosafety: a survey of latent tuberculosis infection in a highly endemic setting. BMJ Open 2011; 1:e000079. [PMID: 22021753 PMCID: PMC3191424 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed at identifying demographic, socio-economic and tuberculosis (TB) exposure factors associated with non-compliance with the tuberculin skin test, the management and prevention of non-compliance to the test. It was carried out in the context of a survey of latent TB infection among undergraduate students taking healthcare courses in two universities in Salvador, Brazil, a city highly endemic for TB. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of 1164 volunteers carried out between October 2004 and June 2008. Bivariate analysis followed by logistic regression was used to measure the association between non-compliance and potential risk factors through non-biased estimates of the adjusted OR for confounding variables. A parallel evaluation of occupational risk perception and of knowledge of Biosafety measures was also conducted. Results The non-compliance rate was above 40% even among individuals potentially at higher risk of disease, which included those who had not been vaccinated (OR 3.33; 95% CI 1.50 to 7.93; p=0.0018), those reporting having had contact with TB patients among close relatives or household contacts (p=0.3673), or those whose tuberculin skin test status was shown within the survey to have recently converted (17.3% of those completing the study). In spite of the observed homogeneity in the degree of Biosafety knowledge, and the awareness campaigns developed within the study focussing on TB prevention, the analysis has shown that different groups have different behaviours in relation to the test. Family income was found to have opposite effects in groups studying different courses as well as attending public versus private universities. Conclusions Although the data presented may not be directly generalisable to other situations and cultural settings, this study highlights the need to evaluate factors associated with non-compliance with routine testing, as they may affect the efficacy of Biosafety programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Sotelino da Rocha
- Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Núcleo de Biossegurança da Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jamocyr Moura Marinho
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Evelin Santos Oliveira
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Silva Rodrigues
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Elisabete Lopes Conceição
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antonio Edson Meira
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alzira Almeida
- Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Arruda
- Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Theolis Barbosa
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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de Carvalho MJ, Pimenta FC, Hayashida M, Gir E, da Silva AM, Barbosa CP, da Silva Canini SRM, Santiago S. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible s. aureus in the saliva of health professionals. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2009; 64:295-302. [PMID: 19488585 PMCID: PMC2694463 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION S. aureus is one of the main agents of nosocomial infection and is sometimes difficult to treat with currently available active antimicrobials. PURPOSE To analyze the prevalence of methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as the MRSA antimicrobial susceptibility profile isolated in the saliva of health professionals at a large public education hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS The project was approved by the research and ethics committee of the institution under study. Three samples of saliva from 340 health professionals were collected. The saliva analysis used to identify S. aureus was based on mannitol fermentation tests, catalase production, coagulase, DNAse, and lecithinase. In order to detect MRSA, samples were submitted to the disk diffusion test and the oxacillin agar screening test. In order to identify the minimum inhibitory concentration, the Etest technique was used. RESULTS The prevalence of MSSA was 43.5% (148/340), and MRSA was 4.1% (14/340). MRSA detected by the diffusion disk test, was 100% resistant to penicillin and oxacillin, 92.9% resistant to erythromycin, 57.1% resistant to clindamycin, 42.9% resistant to ciprofloxacin and 57.1% resistant to cefoxetin. CONCLUSION This subject is important for both the education of health professionals and for preventative measures. Standard and contact-precautions should be employed in professional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Jorge de Carvalho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine of the ABC - Santo Andre/SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cristina Pimenta
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Atlanta, GA, USA
- Federal University of Goiás - Goiás, Brazil
| | - Miyeko Hayashida
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
| | - Elucir Gir
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo - Ribeirão Preto/SP, Brazil
- , Phone: 55 16 3602.3414
| | | | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine of the ABC - Santo Andre/SP, Brazil
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Thorburn D, Roy K, Cameron SO, Johnston J, Hutchinson S, McCruden EAB, Mills PR, Goldberg DJ. Risk of hepatitis C virus transmission from patients to surgeons: model based on an unlinked anonymous study of hepatitis C virus prevalence in hospital patients in Glasgow. Gut 2003; 52:1333-8. [PMID: 12912867 PMCID: PMC1773784 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.9.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of a surgeon acquiring the hepatitis C virus (HCV) through occupational exposure is dependent on the prevalence of HCV infection in the patient population, the probability of a percutaneous injury transmitting HCV, and the incidence of percutaneous injury during surgery. AIMS To estimate the prevalence of HCV infection in the adult surgical patient population in North Glasgow and thereafter estimate the risk of HCV transmission to surgeons through occupational exposure. METHODS The prevalence of HCV infection was estimated through the unlinked anonymous testing of samples from male surgical patients, aged 16-49 years, in two North Glasgow hospitals from 1996 to 1997, and adjusting these data for age and sex. Using published estimates of the incidence of percutaneous injury during surgery and percutaneous injury transmitting HCV, the risk of occupational transmission of HCV to surgeons was then derived. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of anti-HCV infection for all adult patients in the two hospitals combined was 1.4% (cardiothoracic/cardiology 0.8%, orthopaedics/rheumatology 1.4%, general surgery/ENT 2.0%). The estimated probability of HCV transmission from an HCV infected patient to an uninfected surgeon was 0.001-0.032% per annum (0.035-1.12% risk over a 35 year professional career). CONCLUSIONS The risk of an individual surgeon acquiring HCV through occupational exposure is low, even in an area with an extremely high prevalence of HCV among its injecting drug using population. Surgeons however should be encouraged to observe universal precautions and present for assessment after needlestick injuries to protect themselves and their patients from this insidious infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thorburn
- Gastroenterology Unit, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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113
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Mohamed AG. Work-related assaults on nursing staff in riyadh, saudi arabia. J Family Community Med 2002; 9:51-6. [PMID: 23008680 PMCID: PMC3430167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of work-related violence against nurses in hospitals in Riyadh. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through a cross sectional approach, a self administered questionnaire was offered to 500 active-duty nurses selected randomly. In addition to the demographic characteristics, the questionnaire inquired about exposure to workplace violence, hospital and department of employment at the time of exposure, characteristics of the assailant and nurses' perception of the causes of violence. RESULTS Out of 434 respondents, 93 (21.4%) were males, and 341 (78.6%) females. The mean age was 36.1 ± 7.97 years. Workplace violence was experienced by 235 (54.3%) nurses. Of these 93.2% were exposed to harsh insulting language, 32.8% to verbal threat, 28.1% to attempts of physical assault, 17.4% to sexual harassment and 16.2% to actual physical assault. Nurses working in psychiatry and emergency units had the highest rate of exposure to violence (84.3% & 62.1% respectively) Nurses perceived shortage in security personnel (82%), shortage in nursing staff (63%), language barrier (36.3%) and unrestricted movement of patients in hospitals (21.5%) as causes of their exposure to violence. RECOMMENDATIONS improve security in hospitals by increasing the number of security officers on duty and increase the community's awareness of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashry G Mohamed
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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