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Kahramansoy N. Surgical smoke: a matter of hygiene, toxicology, and occupational health. GMS Hyg Infect Control 2024; 19:Doc14. [PMID: 38655124 PMCID: PMC11035985 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The use of devices for tissue dissection and hemostasis during surgery is almost unavoidable. Electrically powered devices such as electrocautery, ultrasonic and laser units produce surgical smoke containing more than a thousand different products of combustion. These include large amounts of carcinogenic, mutagenic and potentially teratogenic noxae. The smoke contains particles that range widely in size, even as small as 0.007 µm. Most of the particles (90%) in electrocautery smoke are ≤6.27 µm in size, but surgical masks cannot filter particles smaller than 5 µm. In this situation, 95% of the smoke particles which pass through the mask reach deep into the respiratory tract and frequently cause various symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, nausea, eye and respiratory tract irritation, weakness, and abdominal pain in the acute period. The smoke can transport bacteria and viruses that are mostly between 0.02 µm and 3 µm in size and there is a risk of contamination. Among these viruses, SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, HIV, HPV, HBV must be considered. The smoke may also carry malignant cells. The long-term effects of the surgical smoke are always ignored, because causality can hardly be clarified in individual cases. The quantity of the smoke changes with the technique of the surgeon, the room ventilation system, the characteristics of the power device used, the energy level at which it is set, and the characteristics of the tissue processed. The surgical team is highly exposed to the smoke, with the surgeon experiencing the highest exposure. However, the severity of exposure differs according to certain factors, e.g., ventilation by laminar or turbulent mixed airflow or smoke evacuation system. In any case, the surgical smoke must be removed from the operation area. The most effective method is to collect the smoke from the source through an aspiration system and to evacuate it outside. Awareness and legal regulations in terms of hygiene, toxicology, as well as occupational health and safety should increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurettin Kahramansoy
- Department of Surgery, İzmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkiye
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Louzán R, Villarroya López A. Impact of social desirability bias on the CoPsoQ-ISTAS 21 psychosocial risk assessment questionnaire. Work 2024:WOR230184. [PMID: 38339948 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-reported test is one of the main psychosocial risk assessment tools. However, this test it is susceptible to certain sources of error, including social desirability. Since psychosocial risks are emerging, there are not many studies on their assessment. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to analyze the impact of social desirability on the short version of the CopSoq-ISTAS 21 assessment tool. METHOD A total of 563 workers (45.10% women and 54.90% men) participated in this study. The short version of the CoPsoQ-Istas21 questionnaire with four Likert scale questions as markers, which correspond to the Eysenck Personality Lie Scale Questionnaire Revised (EPQ-r), were used. The sample was divided into two halves, and both a confirmatory analysis and an exploratory analysis were carried out to find out the factorial structure of the scale and, with it, apply the bias filtering method. RESULTS The results indicate that 10% of the scale is biased due to social desirability, and that there are significant differences between the group with bias clean scores and the group with scores without bias control. CONCLUSIONS The effects of social desirability on the scale are verified, so it is concluded that in a psychosocial risk assessment is not enough to apply a self-report test and interpret its results, being necessary to minimize the sources of error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Louzán
- Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Marx GE, Curren E, Olesen M, Cronquist L, Schlosser L, Nichols M, Bye M, Cote A, McCormick DW, Nelson CA. Tularemia From Veterinary Occupational Exposure. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:S71-S75. [PMID: 38294113 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tularemia is a disease caused by Francisella tularensis, a highly infectious bacteria that can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals. Because of the potential for zoonotic transmission of F. tularensis, veterinary occupational risk is a concern. Here, we report on a human case of tularemia in a veterinarian after an accidental needlestick injury during abscess drainage in a sick dog. The veterinarian developed ulceroglandular tularemia requiring hospitalization but fully recovered after abscess drainage and a course of effective antibiotics. To systematically assess veterinary occupational transmission risk of F. tularensis, we conducted a survey of veterinary clinical staff after occupational exposure to animals with confirmed tularemia. We defined a high-risk exposure as direct contact to the infected animal's body fluids or potential aerosol inhalation without use of standard personal protective equipment (PPE). Survey data included information on 20 veterinary occupational exposures to animals with F. tularensis in 4 states. Veterinarians were the clinical staff most often exposed (40%), followed by veterinarian technicians and assistants (30% and 20%, respectively). Exposures to infected cats were most common (80%). Standard PPE was not used during 80% of exposures; a total of 7 exposures were categorized as high risk. Transmission of F. tularensis in the veterinary clinical setting is possible but overall risk is likely low. Veterinary clinical staff should use standard PPE and employ environmental precautions when handling sick animals to minimize risk of tularemia and other zoonotic infections; postexposure prophylaxis should be considered after high-risk exposures to animals with suspected or confirmed F. tularensis infection to prevent tularemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Marx
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily Curren
- Wyoming Department of Public Health, Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Laura Cronquist
- North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services, Bismarck, North Dakota, USA
| | - Levi Schlosser
- North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services, Bismarck, North Dakota, USA
| | - Matthew Nichols
- Oklahoma State Department of Health, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Maria Bye
- Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrea Cote
- Wyoming Department of Public Health, Cheyenne, Wyoming, USA
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David W McCormick
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Christina A Nelson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Mastrantonio R, Cofini V, Mastrangeli G, Pettinaro M, Mastrodomenico M, Fabiani L. Occupational risk perception of construction workers: a cross sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1338604. [PMID: 38344228 PMCID: PMC10853437 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Construction workers are often exposed to significant injury risk. The aim of our study is to assess their occupational hazards and injury risk perception. Methods We administered 256 questionnaires to construction workers. The survey was aimed at collecting information regarding occupational risk and hazard exposure perception, risk control and behavioral self-assessment. We analyzed the data obtained in order to highlight any associations between injury risk perception and anamnestic, occupational, behavioral or perceptual factors. Results Participants were prevalently males (92.37%) aged 21-60 years (94%). They showed a job seniority level of 21.3 (11.51) on average and, ranging from a 1 to 10 score, a danger awareness of 6.8 (2.9), a lack of prevention measures 6.0 (3.3), an improper behavior of 7.3 (2.7), an unpredictable fate of 6.0 (2.9). These factors resulted significantly associated with the injury risk perception. Multivariable analysis highlighted that the injury risk perception was associated with the lack of prevention measure and unpredictable fate. On the other hand, we found a negative association with the workers' improper behaviors. Conclusion Workers' perception showed fairly uniform average values even when occupational risk was demonstrated. Our analysis suggests a positive correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due both to fate and to chance; it also shows a negative correlation between injury risk perception and the idea that injuries are due to improper behavior. A lack of fully comparable studies confirms the need for further studies on the injury risk perception of construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Mastrantonio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Cofini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Giada Mastrangeli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | - Leila Fabiani
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Bazaluk O, Tsopa V, Okrasa M, Pavlychenko A, Cheberiachko S, Yavorska O, Deryugin O, Lozynskyi V. Improvement of the occupational risk management process in the work safety system of the enterprise. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1330430. [PMID: 38288426 PMCID: PMC10822993 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1330430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The research purpose is to improve the management of occupational risks associated with hazards as well as the organization's capabilities to identify hazardous factors (HFs) using the "BOW-TIE" method in accordance with the provisions of the ISO 45001:2019 standard. Methods To improve occupational risk management, the "BOW-TIE" method has been introduced into occupational health and safety management systems. This approach facilitates a comprehensive description and analysis of potential risk development from identifying hazardous factors to studying the consequences. It visually integrates fault and event trees to provide a holistic view of risk dynamics. Results The improvement of the occupational hazard risk management process considers both internal and external factors affecting the organization, thereby increasing the probability and severity of potential hazardous events. The revised approach categorizes risk levels as acceptable, unacceptable, or verifiable. In addition, occupational risk management requires an in-depth analysis of the organization's external and internal environment to identify hazards that affect the probability and severity of potential hazardous events. Conclusion This research proposes an innovative approach to occupational risk management by determining the magnitude of occupational risk as the cumulative result of assessing risks associated with all external and internal factors influencing the probability of hazardous event occurring. The introduction of the "BOW-TIE" method, combined with a comprehensive analysis of the organizational environments, facilitates a more effective and nuanced approach to occupational risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Bazaluk
- Belt and Road Initiative Center for Chinese-European Studies (BRICCES), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Vitalii Tsopa
- Department of Management and Economics, International Institute of Management, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Małgorzata Okrasa
- Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute of Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Łódź, Poland
| | - Artem Pavlychenko
- Department of Ecology and Technologies of Environmental Protection, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Cheberiachko
- Department of Labour Protection and Civil Safety, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Olena Yavorska
- Department of Labour Protection and Civil Safety, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Deryugin
- Department of Transportation Management, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Lozynskyi
- Belt and Road Initiative Center for Chinese-European Studies (BRICCES), Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
- Department of Mining Engineering and Education, Dnipro University of Technology, Dnipro, Ukraine
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Nikolopoulou GB, Tzoutzas I, Tsakris A, Maltezou HC. Hepatitis B in Healthcare Personnel: An Update on the Global Landscape. Viruses 2023; 15:2454. [PMID: 38140695 PMCID: PMC10748141 DOI: 10.3390/v15122454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the outstanding progress that has been made in the prevention, detection, and management of hepatitis B during the past decades, hepatitis B remains a problem among healthcare personnel (HCP) in many countries. We reviewed studies on all aspects of hepatitis B in HCP published from 2017 through April 2023. They revealed wide variations on the prevalence of infection among HCP, ranging from 0.6% in Europe to >8.7% in Africa, almost always in association with very low vaccination rates. Many studies found a significant association between HCP's knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccines, their vaccination status, and practices. This research also discloses global inequities regarding vaccination policies against hepatitis B, free-of-charge vaccinations, and access to post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Strategies to prevent and manage accidental exposures are needed in order to reduce the burden of hepatitis B on HCP, while written policies for all aspects of infection prevention, protective equipment, and PEP should be available. Lastly, HCP should be accordingly educated. These are all imperative given the decline of routine vaccinations in the COVID-19 era, particularly in countries with fragile vaccination programs, and the disruptions of interventions for hepatitis B that are expected to provide a pool of virus transmission to future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia B. Nikolopoulou
- Department of Hepatitis, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, 15123 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Tzoutzas
- School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Helena C. Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 3-5 Agrafon Street, 15123 Athens, Greece
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Biernacka P, Piekarska A, Berkan-Kawińska A. Analysis of the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in groups of medical and non-medical professions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2023; 36:643-655. [PMID: 37768026 DOI: 10.13075/ijomeh.1896.02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The assessment of the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in various professional groups is very important. Hence, the purpose of the following study was to analyze the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among employees performing both medical and nonmedical professions before the launch of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted among employers of 1 of the institutions: The Provincial Specialist Hospital of Władysław Biegański in Łódź, Poland, Radio Łódź and the Border Guards of Łódź Airport. Blood samples were collected in December 2020-February 2021. Patients were screened for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Simultaneously respondents were asked to complete a self-designed questionnaire including demographic data, detailed profession, history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. RESULTS Seroprevalence was significantly higher in the group of rural residents (p < 0.012), participants who declared previous COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001) and healthcare workers (HCWs) (p = 0.002), especially nurses (35.5%, p = 0.003) and medics worked in areas dedicated to COVID-19 than in other specialties (38.7% vs. 26.8%, respectively, p = 0.017). There was no association between the presence of antibodies and the gender (p = 0.118), age (p = 0.559) or BMI (p = 0.998). CONCLUSIONS Healthcare workers, in particular nurses, are at high risk of contracting COVID-19 in the workplace. Occupational infections can occur during occur not only during contact with the patient, but also with members of the medical team who do not show typical symptoms of the disease. Shortages in medical staff may also increase the number of infections among HCWs. Medical and hospital staff providing health services during the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland, may seek compensation in the event of consequences related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effectiveness of education and self-discipline in complying to safety rules among HCWs should also be constantly monitored. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(5):643-55.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Biernacka
- Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology)
| | - Anna Piekarska
- Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland (Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology)
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Karwowska A, Kochanowicz J, Maślach D, Pędziński B, Krzyżak M. [Assessment of occupational hazards and their prevention in the work of dental technicians during the COVID-19 pandemic]. Med Pr 2023; 74:289-299. [PMID: 37966385 DOI: 10.13075/mp.5893.01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work of a dental technician is associated with exposure to a number of harmful factors. We can distinguish: chemical, biological, physical and psychophysical factors. They contribute to many diseases, but not all of them are classified as occupational diseases. The main aim of the study was to assess the health hazards that occur in the workplace of a dental technician and their prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS An epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted. A self-created questionnaire form containing 28 questions was used. The link to the survey was shared on social groups associating dental technicians. Participation in the study did not require logging in. During the data collection, the respondents' personal data were not collected and processed. RESULTS 148 dental technicians participated in the study. The largest group were participants aged 21-25 (32%), the smallest group were people over 50 (6%). The most frequently occupied position was acrylic and plaster. More than 1/3 of those surveyed reported having allergies, most often to acrylic or metal. More than 20% of technicians reported experience of mechanical injuries several times a week or more. 17% of technicians declared professional burnout. 80% of technicians used protective clothing. Personal protective equipment was always used by only 22% of technicians, and as many as 29% of respondents never used the listed protective equipment. CONCLUSIONS Not all dental laboratories were equipped with the necessary personal protective equipment. The most commonly used personal protective equipment included: disposable gloves, disinfectant liquid and extract. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a change in disinfection procedures in more than 1/3 of the respondents. 35% of them started using disinfection only after the outbreak of the pandemic, while most of the changes concerned the improvement of existing procedures. The length of work experience of technicians had an impact on exposure to stress and occupational burnout. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(4):289-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Karwowska
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku / Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland (Zakład Zdrowia Publicznego / Department of Public Health)
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku / Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland (Klinika Neurologii / Department of Neurology)
| | - Dominik Maślach
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku / Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland (Zakład Zdrowia Publicznego / Department of Public Health)
| | - Bartosz Pędziński
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku / Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland (Zakład Zdrowia Publicznego / Department of Public Health)
| | - Michalina Krzyżak
- Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku / Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland (Zakład Higieny, Epidemiologii i Ergonomii / Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics)
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Chikwendu A, Unikutelle HL, Olumide AT. Hepatitis B and C virus prevalence among patients and healthcare workers' prevention practices towards the viruses in a secondary healthcare facility in Northern Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2023; 46:82. [PMID: 38314232 PMCID: PMC10837276 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2023.46.82.40530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and hepatitis c virus (HCV) affect millions of people globally. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk of infection due to occupation exposures where the viruses are spread mainly through needle stick injuries and exposure to infected blood and body fluid. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of viral hepatitis among patients and the practices of HCWs. Methods this study involved a 5-years retrospective review of laboratory results of patients for HBV and HCV in addition to a questionnaire-based assessment of the preventive practices of 103 HCWs on HBV and HCV. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results the prevalence of HBV among the patients was 12.6% and 15.2% for HCV while the prevalence among the HCWs was 6.6% for HBV and 6.5% for HCV. About 60% of the HCWs had good overall preventive practices for viral hepatitis. Among the HCWs, 29.28% dropped needles in sharp containers after use, 53.5% recapped needles, 21.4% reused needles, 36.9% did not practice regular hand washing, and 53.4% completed the doses for HBV vaccine. Conclusion there is high prevalence of HBV and HCV among the patients and the HCWs. This increases the occupational risk of infection with the viruses among HCWs. We recommend that more enlightenments and trainings be done for the HCWs to enable them take appropriate measures to protect themselves. Also, HCWs should provide HBV and HCV screening to patients accessing care and those found positive should be linked to care and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaike Chikwendu
- Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Afolaranmi Tolulope Olumide
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria
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Rodrigues H, Reigota C, Teles C, Moreira S, Santos L. Solvent-Induced Raynaud's Phenomenon. Cureus 2023; 15:e45004. [PMID: 37829986 PMCID: PMC10565523 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder characterized by an exaggerated vasoconstrictive response to cold or emotional stress. It can be classified as primary (PRP) or secondary (SRP) depending on its association with an underlying condition. We present a case of a young female with severe RP, with trophic changes and abnormal capillaroscopy. After a detailed investigation, a diagnosis of secondary RP due to solvent exposure was made. The patient was treated with calcium channel blocker in low doses, due to hypotension, without improvement of symptoms. Vitamin C and pentoxifylline were added with an unsatisfactory response. Given the progressive worsening of RP and the appearance of trophic lesions, the patient's treatment was reviewed, and continuous intravenous iloprost infusion through an elastomeric pump was started. This resulted in significant symptom improvement and normalization on the capillaroscopic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Rodrigues
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PRT
| | - Catarina Reigota
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PRT
| | - Carolina Teles
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PRT
| | - Sónia Moreira
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PRT
| | - Lèlita Santos
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, PRT
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Guha A, Kraml P, Chovanec M, Bala J, Plzák J, Schalek P. The COVID-19 frontiers - sink or swim. Cent Eur J Public Health 2023; 31:171-177. [PMID: 37934480 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a7549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to address issues faced by doctors working in the COVID-19 units during the second phase of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic, when the country registered the highest per capita rate of new COVID-19 cases in the world. METHODS A prospective study was designed using Google online questionnaire. Inclusion criteria were doctors from medical and surgical specialties working in COVID-19 units. The Czech Medical Association was approached in obtaining permission and helping us distribute the questionnaire with an introductory message with the aims of the study via email to the chairpersons of 18 medical and surgical Czech Societies and their respective members. The online questionnaire link was active for 31 days. Completion of a questionnaire implied consent to participate. Data was collected from the completed responses and statistical analysis was done. RESULTS Fifteen out of eighteen invited Societies participated in the study. Out of all the transferred or volunteering doctors at the COVID units, 47.6% were from 9 medical specialties and 52.4% from 6 surgical units. The highest transfers were seen amongst male surgeons with 21 to 35 years of work experience, whilst the youngest group of doctors made the highest contribution. There was no statistical significance between the effects of COVID-19 and gender. Despite adequate medical provisions, 42% of all doctors had issues with procedural diagnostic methods, 40% tested positive for COVID-19 and 31% reported staff reduction leading to diminished patients' admissions and compromised care. Doctors from surgical departments experienced more difficulties in working in COVID-19 units. Furthermore, on contraction of COVID-19, 114 doctors asserted a lack of support and another 26% were unaware of any services. CONCLUSIONS Our survey reiterates the relationship between factors related to occupational health and safety, standards of patient care and possibility of medicolegal consequences with the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Guha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kraml
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Chovanec
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Bala
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation, University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Plzák
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Schalek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rypicz Ł, Gawłowski P, Witczak I, Humeńczuk-Skrzypek A, Salehi HP, Kołcz A. Psychosocial ergonomics of the workplace of medical staff during the COVID-19 pandemic in three risk's dimensions: working hours, violence and the use of psychoactive drugs-a prospective pilot study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1199695. [PMID: 37469688 PMCID: PMC10353535 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1199695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Workplace ergonomics should also be considered in the context of psychosocial factors affecting the worker, which have a real impact on occupational risk. The present study examined psychosocial risk factors in medical personnel in three domains: working hours, violence and substance abuse. Methods The purpose of the present study is to assess the current state of psychosocial ergonomics of medical personnels by measuring occupational risks in the domains of: working hours, violence and psychoactive substance abuse. The survey is consisted of two parts: socio-demographic information of participants and participants' assements of psychosocial risk factors. Results In more than half of the respondents (52%), increased risk was identified in the domain of working hours. Nearly half of the respondents (49.6%) have an identified high risk in the domain of violence, and more than half of the respondents (52%) are at high risk in the domain of psychoactive substance abuse. Discussion Our findings show that the present psychosocial ergonomics of the Polish health system must be improved. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a compelling test to assess the current state. Our findings highlighted the fact that HCWs often worked overtime and that many cases of workplace violence and substance abuse were reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Rypicz
- Division of Public Health, Department of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Gawłowski
- Center for Medical Simulation, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Izabela Witczak
- Division of Public Health, Department of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Hugh Pierre Salehi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Anna Kołcz
- Ergonomics and Biomedical Monitoring Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Mroueh R, Carpén T, Mäkitie A, Hansen J, Heikkinen S, Lynge E, Martinsen JI, Selander J, Mehlum IS, Torfadottir JE, Salo T, Pukkala E. Occupational variation in the incidence of lip cancer in the Nordic countries. Acta Oncol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37337140 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2224053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While certain occupations, such as agriculture and fishery, have been associated with an increased risk of lip cancer, the occupational risk profile of lip cancer and its change over time remain poorly known. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of lip cancer across different occupations in the Nordic countries. METHODS The Nordic Occupational Cancer Study (NOCCA) covers 14.9 million people and includes 45 years of cancer incidence data, from 1961 to 2005, linked to occupational categories for all the five Nordic populations. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to quantify the risk of lip cancer across occupational categories relative to the entire national populations. RESULTS There were a total of 14,477 male and 3008 female lip cancer patients identified during follow up. The highest SIRs were observed among male fishermen (SIR 2.26, 95% CI: 2.04-2.50), gardeners (SIR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.48-1.72), and farmers (SIR 1.60, 95% CI: 1.55-1.66). A significantly reduced risk of lip cancer (SIR < 0.50) was observed among male physicians, teachers, religious workers, artistic workers, journalists, administrators, printers, waiters, and hairdressers. Among women, no occupations were associated with an increased risk of lip cancer. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of lip cancer varies widely between outdoor and indoor occupations. Occupations involving outdoor activity and exposure to sunlight show the most elevated SIRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Mroueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer and Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Carpén
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanna Heikkinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer and Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elsebeth Lynge
- Nykøbing Falster Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | | | - Jenny Selander
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, IMM Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Sivesind Mehlum
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jóhanna Eyrún Torfadottir
- Icelandic Cancer Registry, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Unit, Medical Research Unit, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Pukkala
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer and Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Seo MW, Gann J, Lee JM, Heffernan KS, Kim JY, Jung HC. Potential impact of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in US firefighters. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1150121. [PMID: 37304116 PMCID: PMC10248177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Among US firefighters, sudden cardiac arrest and psychological stress (i.e., PTSD) are the leading cause of on-duty death. Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) may influence both cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Here, we examined differences in cardiometabolic disease risk factors, cognitive function, and physical fitness in US firefighters with vs. without MetSyn. Materials and methods One hundred fourteen male firefighters, aged 20 to 60 years, participated in the study. US firefighters with MetSyn vs. non-MetSyn were divided by AHA/NHLBI criteria. Of them, we performed a paired-match analysis with respect to the age and BMI of firefighters with (n = 18) vs. without MetSyn (n = 18). The cardiometabolic disease risk factors included blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood lipid profiles [HDL-C, triglyceride (TG)], and surrogate markers of insulin resistance [TG/HDL-C, TG glucose index (TyG)]. The cognitive test included a psychomotor vigilance task as a measure of reaction time and a delayed-match-to-sample task (DMS) as a measure of memory, using the computer-based Psychological Experiment Building Language Version 2.0 program. The differences between MetSyn and non-MetSyn groups in US firefighters were analyzed using an independent t-test adjusted for age and BMI. In addition, Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple regression were conducted. Results US firefighters with MetSyn exhibited severe insulin resistance estimated by TG/HDL-C and TyG (Cohen's d > 0.8, all p < 0.01) compared with their age- and BMI-matched counterparts without MetSyn. In addition, US firefighters with MetSyn exhibited higher DMS total time and reaction time compared with non-MetSyn (Cohen's d > 0.8, all p < 0.01). In stepwise linear regression, HDL-C predicted DMS total time (β = - 0.440, R2 = 0.194, p < 0.05), and TyG (β = 0.432, R2 = 0.186, p < 0.05) predicted DMS reaction time. Conclusion US firefighters with vs. without MetSyn were predisposed to metabolic risk factors, surrogate markers of insulin resistance, and cognitive function, even when matched for age and BMI, and there was a negative association between metabolic characteristics and cognitive function in US firefighters. The findings of this study suggest that the prevention of MetSyn may be beneficial to supporting firefighters' safety and occupational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Gann
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Allied Health, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin S. Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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Szkiela M, Wiszniewska M, Lipińska-Ojrzanowska A. Monkeypox (Mpox) and Occupational Exposure. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5087. [PMID: 36981996 PMCID: PMC10049490 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest in biological risk factors, which are increasingly perceived as an important problem in occupational medicine. Exposure to harmful biological agents may be associated with the deliberate use of microorganisms in the work process or with unintentional exposure resulting from the presence of biological risk factors in the work environment. Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infectious disease that may afflict humans and non-human primates. Since May 2022, mpox has occurred in Europe, North and South America, Asia, Australia and Africa, with some 76,713 cases (75,822 in locations that have not historically reported mpox) and 29 total deaths reported to date. Between 2018 and 2021, several cases of mpox were reported worldwide in high-income countries (Israel, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States: Texas and Maryland). We conducted a literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar web databases for occupational exposure to mpox. The highest work-related risk for mpox transmission has been noted among healthcare professionals, people working with animals, and sex workers. There is general agreement that a paramount issue to avoid transmission of infection in occupational settings is an appropriate decontamination of often-touched surfaces and usage of appropriate personal protective equipment by the workers at high risk of infection. The group that should especially protect themselves and be educated in the field of early symptoms of the disease and prevention are dentists, who are often the first to detect the symptoms of the disease on the oral mucosa.
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16
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Dufayet L, Langrand J, Ludes B. Risk of occupational infection in forensic workers: a review. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:1-4. [PMID: 37415800 PMCID: PMC10265965 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The occupational risk of infection in forensic workers is a cause for concern, furthermore in the current context of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to characterize this risk, we performed an extended review of the literature on occupational infections occurring in forensic workers. Seventeen articles were included. Direct contamination by aerosolization was the main mode of transmission reported, with 17 cases of tuberculosis. Indirect contamination was described as the mode of transmission in 10 cases (five cases of blastomycosis, two cases of tuberculosis, two Streptococcus pyogenes, and one case of human immunodeficiency virus). In all the other included cases, the mode of transmission was unknown. For two of them, the information provided was sufficient to link them to occupational exposure (one case of toxoplasmosis, one case of tuberculosis). For the remaining 10 cases, the link was uncertain (six cases of tuberculosis, three of hepatitis B, and one of COVID-19). Even if there is probably significant under-declaration, the number of infections linked to an occupational risk in forensic workers is not alarming, thanks to effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome Langrand
- Centre AntiPoison de Paris, Fédération de Toxicologie, APHP - Hôpital Fernand Widal, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Université de Paris-CNRS UMR 8045 Babel, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Médico-Légal, 75012, Paris, France
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Koyuncu A, Sarı G, Şimşek C. Evaluation of cases with hypersensitivity pneumonia: 10 year analysis. Clin Respir J 2023; 17:329-338. [PMID: 36780898 PMCID: PMC10113273 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to examine the clinical features of hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) cases, diagnostic methods, and related conditions in our hospital, which is a reference clinic in Turkey for chest disease. METHODS The population of this retrospective cross-sectional study consists of all hypersensitivity pneumonia patients followed in a tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2019. The data of 78 patients were included in the analysis. Data were grouped by source of exposure (occupational, environmental, and cryptogenic) by examining the files of the patients. RESULTS Occupational risk factors were detected in 29 (37.2%) of the cases, environmental risk factors were found in 24 (30.8%) cases, neither occupational nor environmental risk factors were detected in 25 (32%) cases, and they were evaluated as cryptogenic. The time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 15.8 ± 26.6 months. The time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis was found to be longer in the group with occupational risk factors compared with the other groups and was statistically significant (0.044). CONCLUSION HP is a immune-mediated interstitial lung disease induced by repeated exposure to environmental and occupational antigens. Etiological agent can be detected in HP patients by detailed questioning of occupational and environmental exposure that may be associated with the onset of symptoms in cases with suspected HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Koyuncu
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Education and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülden Sarı
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Education and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ceprail Şimşek
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Ankara Atatürk Sanatoryum Education and Research Hospital, Health Science University, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Lee WT, Lee WR, Lee W, Yoon JH, Lee J. Risks of Leukemia in Various Industrial Groups in Korea: A Retrospective National Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1187. [PMID: 36673942 PMCID: PMC9859428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is known that occupational exposure to specific agents is associated with leukemia. However, whether the occupational risks of leukemia differ among various industrial groups remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the occupational risks of leukemia among different worker groups by industry. Data for a total of 11,050,398 people from the National Health Insurance System's claim data from 2007 to 2015 were analyzed. By cohort inclusion of workers whose industry had not changed for three years and with total workers as a control group, the risk for a specific industry group was expressed as an age-standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Among groups by industry, 'Manufacture of motor vehicles and engines for motor vehicles', 'Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories', and 'Personal care services' showed significantly higher SIRs. In division analysis, the 'Manufacture of other machinery and equipment' and 'Waste collection, treatment and disposal activities' divisions showed significantly higher SIRs than other divisions. We identified an increased risk of leukemia in workers of certain industries in Korea. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to create a policy to protect workers at risk of leukemia. Various additional studies are needed to protect workers by revealing more precise relationships between individual hazardous substances, processes, and leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ri Lee
- Division of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanhyung Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ha Yoon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongin Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Valek SA, Rousseau MA, Nelson KC, Kannler C, Tran T. Melanoma risk among career firefighters: A systematic review of case-control studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 88:1189-1192. [PMID: 36592739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Valek
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Morgan A Rousseau
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas
| | - Kelly C Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Christine Kannler
- Massachusetts Department of Fire Services, Boston Fire Department and the Professional Firefighter Union of Massachusetts, Northeast Dermatology Associates, North Andover, Massachusetts
| | - Tiffaney Tran
- Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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20
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Bordoy AE, Vallès X, Not A, Chiner-Oms Á, Saludes V, Torres Cervós J, Roset Roig A, Juan-Andres C, Sureda H, Pardo-Amil V, García I, Guitart Rossell G, Cambra Cibeira L, Casañ C, Giménez M, Blanco I, Torres-Puente M, Cancino-Muñoz I, González-Candelas F, Comas I, Martró E. Epidemiological and Genomic Analysis of a Large SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in a Long-Term Care Facility in Catalonia, Spain. mSphere 2022; 7:e0034622. [PMID: 36448779 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00346-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting outbreaks in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) is a cornerstone strategy to avoid an excess of COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality and to reduce its burden on the health system. We studied a large outbreak that occurred at an LTCF, combining methods of classical and genomic epidemiology analysis. The outbreak lasted for 31 days among residents, with an attack rate of 98% and 57% among residents and staff, respectively. The case fatality rate among residents was 16% (n = 15). Phylogenetic analysis of 59 SARS-CoV-2 isolates revealed the presence of two closely related viral variants in all cases (B.1.177 lineage), revealing a far more complex outbreak than initially thought and suggesting an initial spread driven by staff members. In turn, our results suggest that resident relocations to mitigate viral spread might have increased the risk of infection for staff members, creating secondary chains of transmission that were responsible for prolonging the outbreak. Our results highlight the importance of considering unnoticed chains of transmission early during an outbreak and making an adequate use and interpretation of diagnostic tests. Outbreak containment measures should be carefully tailored to each LTCF. IMPORTANCE The impact of COVID-19 on long-term care facilities (LTCFs) has been disproportionately large due to the high frailty of the residents. Here, we report epidemiological and genomic findings of a large outbreak that occurred at an LTCF, which ultimately affected almost all residents and nearly half of staff members. We found that the outbreak was initially driven by staff members; however, later resident relocation to limit the outbreak resulted in transmission from residents to staff members, evidencing the complexity and different phases of the outbreak. The phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates indicated that two closely related variants were responsible for the large outbreak. Our study highlights the importance of combining methods of classical and genomic epidemiology to take appropriate outbreak containment measures in LTCFs.
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Canicoba ARB. Surgical smoke and occupational health. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:1303. [PMID: 36660725 PMCID: PMC9843373 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Strong AE, Varley E. Bodies in peril: Healthcare workers on the frontlines of global maternal health interventions. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:4101-4115. [PMID: 35994735 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2022.2114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in maternity settings in Tanzania and Pakistan, we argue that 'bodywork' condenses all politically and practically at stake for maternal healthcare providers. Our research confronts how global health programmes expect paramedical providers working on the frontlines of obstetrics to implement interventions without also attending to violent everyday realities of providing care amidst structural constraint and precarity. We demonstrate this approach's dire aftermaths. Healthcare workers' bodies evidence risks and injuries not only attendant on care in lower-resource settings, but which unfold specifically from their efforts to meet the onerous demands of global health systems. Toxic hospital environments represent a paradox of care - medicine exposes patients and providers to greater risks than if medicine were not involved - but this inherent riskiness barely registers. Elisions of healthcare providers' experiences of harm are telling; they reveal global health's neglect of occupational risk and a racialised under-attention and under-valuing of the risks carried by bodies of colour, and women especially. We trace and corroborate providers' experiences of threats to their wellbeing while enacting global health agendas. We conclude with a provocation that social scientists' bedside witnessing must result in actionable evidence if a more sustainable global health is to prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E Strong
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emma Varley
- Department of Anthropology, Brandon University, Brandon, Canada
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23
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Soo SY, Ang WS, Chong CH, Tew IM, Yahya NA. Occupational ergonomics and related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists: A systematic review. Work 2022; 74:469-476. [PMID: 36278379 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing concern about musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), resulting from occupational health hazards among dentists. Dentists who are susceptible to occupational health hazards could develop cumulative trauma disorders, lead to absenteeism from work, loss of productivity and performance or even long-term disability. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among dentists, explore the risk factors and identify the ergonomic preventive measures for dental professionals. METHODS Articles published between 2008-2020 were searched in scientific databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library). The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Systematic Review Checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies. RESULTS Eighteen studies were found to be suitable in the final review. Relevant data was extracted and summarized from the included studies. The annual prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in any body site ranged between 68% and 100%. The most predominant regions for musculoskeletal disorders among dental professionals were identified to be the lower back (29% to 94.6%), shoulder (25% to 92.7%), and neck (26% to 92%). The most frequently reported risk factors of MSDs were the individual characteristic female gender (57.1%), followed by awkward working postures (50%), long working experience (50%) and being dental specialists (42.9%). Several preventive measures were identified as the most effective ways in preventing MSDs, the use of magnification (40%) and regular physical activity (40%). CONCLUSIONS This review reported a high prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among dentists. It critically updates and adds the latest evidence on occupational ergonomics among dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Yeo Soo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Sze Ang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chen Hooi Chong
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - In Meei Tew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Asyikin Yahya
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tarafdar A, Sinha A. Profiling and occupational health risk assessment study on coal ashes in terms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2022; 57:913-926. [PMID: 36254457 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2131291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Profiling and cancer risk assessment on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content of coal ashes produced by the major coal combustion plants from the eastern coalfield region in India was conducted. Thirteen PAHs were detected on coal ashes collected from ash deposition sites of major thermal power plants and the profiling of the PAHs was done. Benzo[a]pyrene equivalents (BaPeq) for individual PAHs were calculated and applied to the probabilistic assessment model from US EPA (1989). Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to assess the risk of inhabitants exposed to PAHs through the dust of the coal ash deposition site. In fly ash, the range of total amount of carcinogenic PAHs was from 3.50 to 6.72 µg g-1 and for the bottom ash, the range was 8.49 to 14.91 µg g-1. Bottom ashes were loaded with ample amounts of 5- and 6-ring carcinogenic PAHs, whereas fly ashes were dominated by medium molecular weight PAHs. The simulated mean cancer risks from fly ashes were 2.187 E-06 for children and 3.749 E-06 for adults. For the case of bottom ash, the mean risks were 1.248 E-05 and 2.173 E-05 respectively for children and adults. Among all the three exposure routes, dermal contact was the major and caused 81% of the total cancer risk. The most sensitive parameters were exposure duration and relative skin adherence factor for soil, which contributed the most to total variation. The 90% risks calculated from the bottom ashes (2.617 E-05 for children and 4.803 E-05 for adults) are marginally above the acceptable limit (>1.000 E-06) according to US EPA. In this study, a comprehensive risk assessment on carcinogenic PAHs present in coal ashes was done for the first time that may be helpful to develop potential strategies against occupational cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhrajyoti Tarafdar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Alok Sinha
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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Magnavita N, Mele L, Meraglia I, Merella M, Vacca ME, Cerrina A, Gabriele M, Labella M, Soro MT, Ursino S, Matera C. The Impact of Workplace Violence on Headache and Sleep Problems in Nurses. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13423. [PMID: 36294004 PMCID: PMC9603049 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WV) is a significant occupational hazard for nurses. Previous studies have shown that WV has a reciprocal relationship with occupational stress. Headaches and sleep problems are early neuropsychological signs of distress. This cross-sectional study aims to ascertain the frequency of physical or verbal assaults on nurses and to study the association of WV with headaches and sleep problems. During their regular medical examination in the workplace, 550 nurses and nursing assistants (105 males, 19.1%; mean age 48.02 ± 9.98 years) were asked to fill in a standardized questionnaire containing the Violent Incident Form (VIF) concerning the episodes of violence experienced, the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) regarding headaches, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) on sleep quality. Occupational stress was measured using the Effort/Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI). Physical and non-physical violence experienced in the previous year was reported by 7.5% and 17.5% of workers, respectively. In the univariate logistic regression models, the workers who experienced violence had an increased risk of headaches and sleep problems. After adjusting for sex, age, job type, and ERI, the relationship between physical violence and headaches remained significant (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 2.25; confidence interval CI95% = 1.11; 4.57). All forms of WV were significantly associated with poor sleep in a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, job type, and ERI (aOR = 2.35 CI95% = 1.44; 3.85). WV was also associated with the impact of headaches and with sleep quality. WV prevention may reduce the frequency of lasting psychoneurological symptoms, such as headaches and poor sleep quality, that interfere with the ability to work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health Sciences, Fondazione A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Luca Mele
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Igor Meraglia
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Merella
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Vacca
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Cerrina
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Simona Ursino
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
| | - Carmela Matera
- Local Healthcare Unit Roma 4, 00053 Civitavecchia, Italy
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Zahran S, Nir-Paz R, Paltiel O, Stein-Zamir C, Oster Y. Are Healthcare Workers Infected with SARS-CoV-2 at Home or at Work? A Comparative Prevalence Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12951. [PMID: 36232249 PMCID: PMC9564591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Prior to the widespread use of vaccinations, healthcare workers (HCWs) faced the double burden of caring for unprecedented numbers of critically ill COVID-19 patients while also facing the risk of becoming infected themselves either in healthcare facilities or at home. In order to assess whether SARS-CoV-2-positivity rates in HCWs reflected or differed from those in their residential areas, we compared the SARS-CoV-2-positivity rates during 2020 among HCWs in Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Centers (HHUMC), a tertiary medical center in Jerusalem, Israel, to those of the general population in Jerusalem, stratified by neighborhood. Additionally, we compared the demographic and professional parameters in every group. Four percent of the adult population (>18 years) in Jerusalem tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during 2020 (24,529/605,426) compared to 7.1% of HHUMC HCWs (317/4470), rate ratio 1.75 (95% CI 1.57-1.95), with wide variability (range 0.38-25.0) among different neighborhoods. Of the 30 neighborhoods with more than 50 infected HCWs, 25 showed a higher positivity rate for HCWs compared to the general population. The higher risk of HCWs compared to residents representing the general population in most neighborhoods in Jerusalem may be explained by their behavior in and out of the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Zahran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ran Nir-Paz
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Ora Paltiel
- Faculty of Medicine, Braun School of Public and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Chen Stein-Zamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Braun School of Public and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Jerusalem District Health Office, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem 9134302, Israel
| | - Yonatan Oster
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
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Yuan B, Lan J, Li J. Disparity in Occupational Health Risk During the Pandemic: Potential Misestimation and Its Implications for Health Policies. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:809-814. [PMID: 35673258 PMCID: PMC9524524 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study clarifies potential misestimation of occupational risk caused by the dichotomy of frontline essential and nonessential occupations in prior studies. METHODS The linear regression is used to investigate the occupational risk in terms of incidence rate, hospitalization, and mortality on community level during the pandemic. RESULTS Overall, frontline essential occupations were positively associated with incidence rate, hospitalization, and mortality (156.06, 18.47, and 3.49; P < 0.01). Among essential occupations, however, education, training, and library occupations were negatively associated with them, whereas transportation, protective service, food preparation, and serving occupations were insignificantly associated with them. Moreover, among nonessential occupations, building and grounds cleaning, construction, and extraction occupations were positively associated with them. CONCLUSION The dichotomy of frontline essential and nonessential occupations can bring overestimation and underestimation of occupational risk during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Zhang Y, Ha J, Kinyua M. Developing occupational and health susceptibility personas for wastewater personnel in the United States in the age of COVID-19. Water Environ Res 2022; 94:e10778. [PMID: 36045581 PMCID: PMC9538245 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the public, wastewater personnel, are at an increased risk of infection and illness from wastewater pathogens due to work-related tasks. Unfortunately, current risk assessment approaches do not consider individual personnel factors (e.g., age and health conditions) that may influence their susceptibility to a health effect. The objective of this study is to establish a baseline level of occupational and health factors among the wastewater personnel population, quantify these factors using a susceptibility evaluation scoring system, and examine relevant susceptibility features using the concept of "Personas." Using survey data from 246 respondents and public health risk data on COVID-19 from the CDC, personnel clustered into three persona groups: "low susceptibility," "high occupational susceptibility," and "high health susceptibility." Results highlight the intersectionality between gender, age, underlying health conditions, job tasks, and level of exposure to wastewater and provide context for incorporating individual variables into risk assessment methodologies with the goal of protecting this essential workforce. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A risk assessment framework that combines health and occupational susceptibility factors was developed for wastewater treatment plant personnel. Wastewater personnel clustered into three persona groups: "low susceptibility," "high occupational susceptibility," and "high health susceptibility." The intersectionality between job related activities and individual health provides a holistic approach to risk assessment for wastewater personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California at DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jessica Ha
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California at DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
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Wight E, Swift M, O'Horo JC, Hainy C, Molella R, Morrow A, Breeher L. COVID-19 Infections in Health Care Personnel by Source of Exposure and Correlation With Community Incidence. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:675-678. [PMID: 35673245 PMCID: PMC9377361 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the rate of household, community, occupational, and travel-related COVID-19 infections among health care personnel (HCP). METHODS In a retrospective cohort study of 3694 HCP with COVID-19 infections from July 5 to December 19, 2020, we analyzed infection source data and rates, compared with local and state infection rates, and performed a correlation analysis. RESULTS Household (27.1%) and community (15.6%) exposures were the most common sources of infection. Occupational exposures accounted for 3.55% of HCP infections. Unattributable infections (no known exposure source) accounted for 53.1% and correlated with community rather than occupational exposure ( R = 0.99 vs 0.78, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 infections in this large HCP cohort correlated closely with infection rates in the community. The low incidence of occupational infections supports the effectiveness of institutional infection prevention and control measures.
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Kugelman D, Weppler CG, Warren CF, Lajam CM. Occupational Hazards of Orthopedic Surgery Exposures: Infection, Smoke, and Noise. J Arthroplasty 2022; 37:1470-1473. [PMID: 35304300 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2022.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The orthopedic environment exposes surgeons and staff to infection, surgical smoke, and high levels of noise. It is helpful to understand how exposure increases the risk for adverse health consequences. Protective equipment, safety protocols, and instrument modification can reduce exposure to hazards. When modifications to practice are made, they must be evaluated to ensure they do not introduce new hazards or impede the use of instruments. Despite evidence of risk, protective measures are seldom employed in orthopedic practice. Wider implementation of protection for clinicians may not occur unless the same hazards are shown to impact patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kugelman
- Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Grossman School of Medicine, Chief Orthopedic Safety Officer, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Campbell G Weppler
- Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Grossman School of Medicine, Chief Orthopedic Safety Officer, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Cooper F Warren
- Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Grossman School of Medicine, Chief Orthopedic Safety Officer, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - Claudette M Lajam
- Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Langone Grossman School of Medicine, Chief Orthopedic Safety Officer, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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Treglia M, Pallocci M, Ricciardi Tenore G, Castellani P, Pizzuti F, Bianco G, Passalacqua P, De Luca L, Zanovello C, Mazzuca D, Gratteri S, Messineo A, Quintavalle G, Marsella LT. Legionella and Air Transport: A Study of Environmental Contamination. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19138069. [PMID: 35805725 PMCID: PMC9265378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: There is growing interest in the public health and transport sectors in research into exposure to biological hazards, considering not only the risks arising from inter-human contagion, but also those related to exposure to the flight environment itself. The aim of this paper is to report data from an investigation into the water and air-conditioning systems of commercial aircraft for the presence of Legionella contamination, with a total of 645 water samples taken during the period 2007−2021. Methods: The investigation involved 126 aircraft of six different commercial aircraft types: MD80, Airbus A320 F, Embraer 175/190, AIRBUS A330, Boeing 767 and Boeing 777. Water samples were taken from the water systems (toilet taps, galley and boilers). Each sample was preliminarily subjected to an evaluation of the following parameters: temperature, pH and residual chlorine. The ScanVit® Legionella kit was used for bacteria detection and enumeration. Results: Samples were considered positive if the number of colony-forming units/liter (CFU/L) was >100. For the entire observation period, 45% of the investigated aircraft tested positive. Regarding the overall number of samples analyzed, 68.4% (441/645) were below 100 CFU/L, and thus within the limits allowed by the Italian Guidelines. Conclusions: Water system contamination with Legionella in the air transport field is a real public health issue that should not be underestimated given the heavy passenger traffic. Infection should be considered an occupational risk to which crew members are exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Treglia
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (P.P.); (L.D.L.); (C.Z.); (A.M.); (L.T.M.)
| | - Margherita Pallocci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (P.P.); (L.D.L.); (C.Z.); (A.M.); (L.T.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giorgio Ricciardi Tenore
- APSSP-Prevention, Safety & Health Association, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Paola Castellani
- APSSP-Prevention, Safety & Health Association, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Fabrizio Pizzuti
- APSSP-Prevention, Safety & Health Association, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Giovanna Bianco
- APSSP-Prevention, Safety & Health Association, Velletri, 00049 Rome, Italy; (G.R.T.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (G.B.)
| | - Pierluigi Passalacqua
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (P.P.); (L.D.L.); (C.Z.); (A.M.); (L.T.M.)
| | - Lucilla De Luca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (P.P.); (L.D.L.); (C.Z.); (A.M.); (L.T.M.)
| | - Claudia Zanovello
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (P.P.); (L.D.L.); (C.Z.); (A.M.); (L.T.M.)
| | - Daniela Mazzuca
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (D.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Agostino Messineo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (P.P.); (L.D.L.); (C.Z.); (A.M.); (L.T.M.)
| | | | - Luigi Tonino Marsella
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (P.P.); (L.D.L.); (C.Z.); (A.M.); (L.T.M.)
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Paduano S, Galante P, Berselli N, Ugolotti L, Modenese A, Poggi A, Malavolti M, Turchi S, Marchesi I, Vivoli R, Perlini P, Bellucci R, Gobba F, Vinceti M, Filippini T, Bargellini A. Seroprevalence Survey of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in a Population of Emilia-Romagna Region, Northern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19137882. [PMID: 35805539 PMCID: PMC9266015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Italy was the first Western European country to be severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. Variations in seroprevalence rates were reported according to geographical and temporal differences of previous surveys, as well as depending on demographic and occupational factors. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a population of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy after the first wave in the period from 26 September 2020−26 March 2021. We included 5128 subjects who voluntarily underwent serological tests to determine anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity, including both self-referred individuals (24.2%) and workers adhering to company screening programs (76.8%). Overall, seroprevalence was 11.3%, higher in self-referred (13.8%) than employed-referred (10.5%) individuals. A slightly higher seroprevalence emerged in women compared to men (12.3% and 10.7%), as well as in the extreme age categories (18.6% for 60−69 years, 18.0% for ≥70 years, and 17.1% for <20 years compared to 7.6% for 20−39 years). Healthcare professionals showed the highest prevalence of seropositivity (22.9%), followed by workers in direct contact with customers, such as the communication, finance, and tourism sectors (15.7%). Overall subgroups seroprevalence increased compared to the first wave data but the trends agreed between the first and subsequent waves, except for an increase in the younger age group and in the sector in direct contact with customers. Among the occupational categories, our study confirms that healthcare workers and workers in the sports sector were at high risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Paduano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-059-205-5472
| | - Pasquale Galante
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Nausicaa Berselli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Luca Ugolotti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Modenese
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Marcella Malavolti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Sara Turchi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Isabella Marchesi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberto Vivoli
- Test Laboratory, 41100 Modena, Italy; (R.V.); (P.P.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Perlini
- Test Laboratory, 41100 Modena, Italy; (R.V.); (P.P.); (R.B.)
| | | | - Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Vinceti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Annalisa Bargellini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (P.G.); (N.B.); (L.U.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.M.); (S.T.); (I.M.); (F.G.); (M.V.); (T.F.); (A.B.)
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Modenese A, Loney T, Gobba F. COVID-19-Related Mortality amongst Physicians in Italy: Trend Pre- and Post-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Campaign. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:1187. [PMID: 35885714 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, there has been a high burden of COVID-19-related mortality amongst physicians and other healthcare workers during the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Fortunately, anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaigns have helped to protect frontline workers and reduce COVID-19-related mortality amongst this occupational group. We analyzed COVID-19-related mortality data for doctors in Italy and compared the crude mortality rate between March-May 2020 (i.e., the beginning of the pandemic in Italy, with the highest rates of COVID-19-related deaths) and the same time period in March-May 2021 (high vaccination coverage amongst Italian physicians). The mortality rate was 12 times higher in March-May 2020 compared to the same time period after the start of the Italian vaccination campaign. Moreover, there was a strong inverse correlation between the number of deaths and the cumulative number of vaccine doses administered in the Italian population. Although non-pharmaceutical interventions, virus evolution and environmental factors probably had an effect, our analysis clearly supports the hypothesis that the vaccination campaign helped to protect Italian physicians and reduce COVID-19-related mortality. The latest available death trends from September to October 2021 for both physicians and the general population are also in favor of the need for the third vaccine dose, currently underway for the majority of the population at risk.
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Silva L, Dias M, Folgado D, Nunes M, Namburi P, Anthony B, Carvalho D, Carvalho M, Edelman E, Gamboa H. Respiratory Inductance Plethysmography to Assess Fatigability during Repetitive Work. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22114247. [PMID: 35684868 PMCID: PMC9185634 DOI: 10.3390/s22114247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cumulative fatigue during repetitive work is associated with occupational risk and productivity reduction. Usually, subjective measures or muscle activity are used for a cumulative evaluation; however, Industry 4.0 wearables allow overcoming the challenges observed in those methods. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze alterations in respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) to measure the asynchrony between thorax and abdomen walls during repetitive work and its relationship with local fatigue. A total of 22 healthy participants (age: 27.0 ± 8.3 yrs; height: 1.72 ± 0.09 m; mass: 63.4 ± 12.9 kg) were recruited to perform a task that includes grabbing, moving, and placing a box in an upper and lower shelf. This task was repeated for 10 min in three trials with a fatigue protocol between them. Significant main effects were found from Baseline trial to the Fatigue trials (p < 0.001) for both RIP correlation and phase synchrony. Similar results were found for the activation amplitude of agonist muscle (p < 0.001), and to the muscle acting mainly as a joint stabilizer (p < 0.001). The latter showed a significant effect in predicting both RIP correlation and phase synchronization. Both RIP correlation and phase synchronization can be used for an overall fatigue assessment during repetitive work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Silva
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.); (D.F.); (H.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariana Dias
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.); (D.F.); (H.G.)
| | - Duarte Folgado
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.); (D.F.); (H.G.)
- Associação Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Maria Nunes
- Associação Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Praneeth Namburi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (P.N.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
- MIT.nano Immersion Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian Anthony
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (P.N.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
- Device Realization Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Diogo Carvalho
- Faculty of Medicine, Rīga Stradiņš University, 16 Dzirciema iela, LV-1007 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Miguel Carvalho
- Campus de Azurém, Minho University, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal;
| | - Elazer Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; (P.N.); (B.A.); (E.E.)
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hugo Gamboa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação, Engenharia Biomédica e Física da Radiação (LIBPhys-UNL), Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.); (D.F.); (H.G.)
- Associação Fraunhofer Portugal Research, Rua Alfredo Allen 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
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Carazo S, Pelletier M, Talbot D, Jauvin N, De Serres G, Vézina M. Psychological Distress of Healthcare Workers in Québec (Canada) During the Second and the Third Pandemic Waves. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:495-503. [PMID: 35051960 PMCID: PMC9275796 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure the prevalence of psychological distress among Quebec healthcare workers (HCWs) during the second and third pandemic waves and to assess the effect of psychosocial risk factors (PSRs) on work-related psychological distress among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected (cases) and non-infected (controls) HCWs. METHODS A self-administered survey was used to measure validated indicators of psychological distress (K6 scale) and PSR (questions based on Karasek and Siegrist models, value conflicts, and work-life balance). Adjusted robust Poisson models were used to estimate prevalence ratios. RESULTS Four thousand sixty eight cases and 4152 controls completed the survey. Prevalence of high work-related psychological distress was 42%; it was associated with PSRs (mainly work-life balance, value conflicts, and high psychological demands) but not with SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION Primary prevention measures targeting PSRs are needed to reduce mental health risks of HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carazo
- From the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Laval University Research Center (Dr Carazo, Dr Talbot, Dr Serres); Biological and Occupational Risks Unit, Quebec National Institute of Public Health (Dr Carazo, Dr Pelletier, Dr Jauvin, Dr Serres, Dr Vézina); Social and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University (Dr Talbot, Dr Serres, Dr Vézina), Québec, Québec, Canada
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Lošonczi P, Haniš J. Analysis Of Occupational Risks In The Profession Of A Paramedic. Ann Burns Fire Disasters 2022; 35:36-40. [PMID: 35582094 PMCID: PMC9020853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When a paramedic embarks on the process of providing health care, he or she starts a long and difficult journey of professional and personal growth. The high level of complexity and responsibility inherent in the coordinated operation of rescue services while securing and carrying out activities and measures related to the provision of emergency care brings many unforeseen situations. By analyzing the risks of paramedic work, this paper seeks to identify the extent of necessary protective measures with the potential of increasing the safety of the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- p. Lošonczi
- Dr.h.c.Ing. Peter Lošonczi, PhD., MBA, MSc.
University of Security Management in KošiceSlovak Republic
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Pelegrineli SQ, Silva AX, Filho WS, Oliveira LS, Amorim AS, Cardoso DD, Stenders RM, Pereira WS, Junior JP, Andrade ER. Fast radiological safety evaluation applied to maintenance in cargo and container inspection facilities. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:176-181. [PMID: 35244457 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221080801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The application of nuclear technologies in a cargo and container inspection facility can increase the risk of accidents. Estimating the radiation dose in the controlled area generates critical information for elaborating routines aimed at establishing more effective safety procedures. For radiological protection purposes, mapping ambient dose equivalent H*(10) levels is crucial. The radiation source used was a fixed linear accelerator of 4.5 MeV. Five RadEye PRD-ER (Thermo Fisher Scientific) personal radiation monitors and five Geiger-Müller MRAD 111 (Ultra Radac) personal radiation monitors were used for the radiation measurements. The highest ambient equivalent dose rate and dose per scan were found with the Geiger-Müller monitors at values of 5.76E-01 mSv/h and 1.12E-03 mSv, respectively. The results showed that for public individuals, the number of scans at the point of highest dose rate value cannot exceed 893-unit operations. Additionally, the risks involved in the abnormal situation (increased H*(10)) were estimated by using a model to predict the development of solid cancer as a result of occupational radiological exposure. This procedure highlights the risks involved, hence providing initial support to the decision process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Q Pelegrineli
- Graduate Program in Nuclear Engineering, 28125Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,28125Faculty Bezerra de Araújo (FABA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ademir X Silva
- Graduate Program in Nuclear Engineering, 28125Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Sr Oliveira
- 589906Instituto de Defesa Química, Biológica, Radiológica e Nuclear (IDQBRN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aneuri S Amorim
- 589906Instituto de Defesa Química, Biológica, Radiológica e Nuclear (IDQBRN), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wagner S Pereira
- Graduate Program in Nuclear Engineering, 28125Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Edson R Andrade
- Graduate Program in Nuclear Engineering, 28098Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Simmons J, Elliott L, Bennett AS, Beletsky L, Rajan S, Anders B, Dastparvardeh N. Evaluation of an Experimental Web-based Educational Module on Opioid-related Occupational Safety Among Police Officers: Protocol for a Randomized Pragmatic Trial to Minimize Barriers to Overdose Response. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e33451. [PMID: 35212639 PMCID: PMC8917434 DOI: 10.2196/33451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As drug-related morbidity and mortality continue to surge, police officers are on the front lines of the North American overdose (OD) crisis. Drug law enforcement shapes health risks among people who use drugs (PWUD), while also impacting the occupational health and wellness of officers. Effective interventions to align law enforcement practices with public health and occupational safety goals remain underresearched. OBJECTIVE The Opioids and Police Safety Study (OPS) aims to shift police practices relating to PWUD. It adapts and evaluates the relative effectiveness of a curriculum that bundles content on public health promotion with occupational risk reduction (ORR) to supplement a web-based OD response and naloxone training platform (GetNaloxoneNow.org, or GNN). This novel approach has the potential to improve public health and occupational safety practices, including using naloxone to reverse ODs, referring PWUD to treatment and other supportive services, and avoiding syringe confiscation. METHODS This longitudinal study uses a randomized pragmatic trial design. A sample of 300 active-duty police officers from select counties in Pennsylvania, Vermont, and New Hampshire with high OD fatality rates will be randomized (n=150 each) to either the experimental arm (GNN + OPS) or the control arm (GNN + COVID-19 ORR). A pre- and posttraining survey will be administered to all 300 officers, after which they will be administered quarterly surveys for 12 months. A subsample of police officers will also be qualitatively followed in a simultaneous embedded mixed-methods approach. Research ethics approval was obtained from the New York University Institutional Review Board. RESULTS Results will provide an understanding of the experiences, knowledge, and perceptions of this sample of law enforcement personnel. Generalized linear models will be used to analyze differences in key behavioral outcomes between the participants in each of the 2 study arms and across multiple time points (anticipated minimum effect size to be detected, d=0.50). Findings will be disseminated widely, and the training products will be available nationally once the study is completed. CONCLUSIONS The OPS is the first study to longitudinally assess the impact of a web-based opioid-related ORR intervention for law enforcement in the U.S. Our randomized pragmatic clinical trial aims to remove barriers to life-saving police engagement with PWUD/people who inject drugs by focusing both on the safety of law enforcement and evidence-based and best practices for working with persons at risk of an opioid OD. Our simultaneous embedded mixed-methods approach will provide empirical evaluation of the diffusion of the naloxone-based response among law enforcement. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrail.gov NCT05008523; https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT05008523. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/33451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Simmons
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Luther Elliott
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alex S Bennett
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leo Beletsky
- School of Law and Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sonali Rajan
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Nicole Dastparvardeh
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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Maimone S, Bracamonte L, Gerez R, Montero P, Novau A, Villa S, Quirós RE. [Factors associated with the risk of COVID-19 in health-care workers]. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 82:647-658. [PMID: 36220020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although healthcare personnel are considered a high-risk group for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their exposure, research on the factors associated with their infection is limited. The objective was to identify factors associated with the acquisition of COVID-19 in healthcare personnel. METHODS a multicenter, cross-sectional study with nested cases and controls was carried out in 23 hospitals in Argentina. A structured survey was used to collect demographic, institutional and behavioral variables from healthcare personnel with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV2 (cases) and healthcare personnel with negative test results (controls). Those variables significantly associated with the condition of having had COVID-19 in the bivariate analysis were included in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 2088 workers participated in the study, with an incidence of 1.41 cases per 10 000 worker-hours (95%CI 1.35-1.48). Being male, (OR 1.60; 95%CI 1.32-1.95), working in social security, (OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.13-2.07), being nursing staff, (OR 1.46; 95%CI 1.22-1.74), having personal protective equipment, (OR 0.33; 95%CI 0.18-0.62), sharing unprotected common spaces with other workers, (OR 1.98; 95%CI 1. 60-2.44), living with people confirmed or suspected of COVID-19 (OR 1.69; 95%CI 1.37-2.09), sharing infusions or other drinks and/or food with people in the community (OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.02-1.70), feeling distressed (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.55-2.21) and were independently associated with the risk of acquiring COVID-19. DISCUSSION This study allowed us to identify different potentially modifiable factors on which action should be taken to reduce the risk of acquiring COVID-19 by the healthcare personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maimone
- Asociación Argentina de Enfermeros en Control de Infecciones (ADECI), Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail:
| | | | - Rosa Gerez
- Clínica de la Ribera, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Montero
- Asociación Mutualista Empleados del Banco Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Novau
- Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Canicoba ARB, Poveda VDB. Surgical Smoke and Biological Symptoms in Healthcare Professionals and Patients: A Systematic Review. J Perianesth Nurs 2021; 37:130-136. [PMID: 34802919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2021.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the evidence in the scientific literature between exposure to surgical smoke and biological symptoms in healthcare professionals and patients. DESIGN A systematic review. METHODS Electronic databases were searched, including vivo observational and experimental studies published until August 2020 in Portuguese, English, Spanish and French. FINDINGS We identified 13 studies, with a predominance of cross-sectional (6; 46.15%), experimental laboratory (4; 30.76%) and cohort (3; 23.07%) studies. The main manifestations identified were related to respiratory tract and headache. There was identification of histopathological changes in the nasal mucosa of healthcare professionals and the presence of toxic substances from smoke identified in the urine of patients and healthcare professionals. CONCLUSION The scientific literature on the biological symptoms of surgical smoke is mainly composed of observational studies with a reduced sample size, thus constituting aspects which limit a broader and long-term understanding of the biological effects of surgical smoke exposure in healthcare professionals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa de Brito Poveda
- School of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, The Brazilian Centre of Evidence-based Healthcare: A JBI Centre of Excellence (JBI Brazil), São Paulo, Brazil
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Tomao P, La Russa R, Oliva A, De Angelis M, Mansi A, Paba E, Marcelloni AM, Chiominto A, Padovano M, Maiese A, Scopetti M, Frati P, Fineschi V. Mapping Biological Risks Related to Necropsy Activities: Old Concerns and Novel Issues for the Safety of Health Professionals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182211947. [PMID: 34831702 PMCID: PMC8618163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays only a few studies on biological and environmental risk among healthcare workers are available in literature. The present study aims to assess the health operator’s risk of contact with microorganisms during necropsy activities, to evaluate the efficiency of current protections, to identify possible new sources of contact, and to point out possible preventive measures. In addition, considering the current pandemic scenario, the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the dissection room is assessed. The objectives were pursued through two distinct monitoring campaigns carried out in different periods through sampling performed both on the corpses and at the environmental level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tomao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00078 Rome, Italy; (P.T.); (A.M.); (E.P.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Raffaele La Russa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.O.); (P.F.)
| | - Alessandra Oliva
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.O.); (P.F.)
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano De Angelis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Mansi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00078 Rome, Italy; (P.T.); (A.M.); (E.P.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Emilia Paba
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00078 Rome, Italy; (P.T.); (A.M.); (E.P.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Maria Marcelloni
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00078 Rome, Italy; (P.T.); (A.M.); (E.P.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Chiominto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), 00078 Rome, Italy; (P.T.); (A.M.); (E.P.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Padovano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Aniello Maiese
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical Pathology, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Paola Frati
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.O.); (P.F.)
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- IRCSS Neuromed Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.O.); (P.F.)
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49912907
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Abstract
Background The occupational risk of COVID-19 may be different in the first versus second epidemic wave. Aim To study whether employees in occupations that typically entail close contact with others were at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalisation during the first and second epidemic wave before and after 18 July 2020, in Norway. Methods We included individuals in occupations working with patients, children, students, or customers using Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08) codes. We compared residents (3,559,694 on 1 January 2020) in such occupations aged 20–70 years (mean: 44.1; standard deviation: 14.3 years; 51% men) to age-matched individuals in other professions using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, birth country and marital status. Results Nurses, physicians, dentists and physiotherapists had 2–3.5 times the odds of COVID-19 during the first wave when compared with others of working age. In the second wave, bartenders, waiters, food counter attendants, transport conductors, travel stewards, childcare workers, preschool and primary school teachers had ca 1.25–2 times the odds of infection. Bus, tram and taxi drivers had an increased odds of infection in both waves (odds ratio: 1.2–2.1). Occupation was of limited relevance for the odds of severe infection, here studied as hospitalisation with the disease. Conclusion Our findings from the entire Norwegian population may be of relevance to national and regional authorities in handling the epidemic. Also, we provide a knowledge foundation for more targeted future studies of lockdowns and disease control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Magnusson
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cluster for Health Services Research, Oslo, Norway.,Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Nygård
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fredrik Methi
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cluster for Health Services Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Vold
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Infection Control and Preparedness, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Telle
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cluster for Health Services Research, Oslo, Norway
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Goolsby C, Lala V, Gebner R, Dacuyan-Faucher N, Charlton N, Schuler K. Emergency physician risk of occupational mortality: A scoping review. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open 2021; 2:e12554. [PMID: 34632447 PMCID: PMC8490339 DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational hazards for emergency physicians are widely known, but the risk of work-related mortality is not clear. The COVID-19 pandemic generated new concerns about the risk of occupational mortality, particularly in the setting of inadequate personal protective equipment. The perception of increased risk generated ethical concerns regarding emergency physicians' duty to treat and employers' duty to protect their employees. We performed this scoping review to define prepandemic emergency physician occupational mortality. METHODS We performed a scoping review of peer-reviewed publications from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases in September 2020. RESULTS Of the 747 unique articles identified in the 3 databases, 1 article met inclusion criteria and was included in the final analysis. CONCLUSION The baseline risk of occupational mortality for emergency physicians is not established in the scientific literature. Further study is needed to quantify risk, as this information would be useful to shape policy and ethical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Goolsby
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA
- National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health Rockville Maryland USA
| | - Vidya Lala
- School of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Riley Gebner
- School of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Nicole Dacuyan-Faucher
- National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health Rockville Maryland USA
- The Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Rockville Maryland USA
| | - Nathan Charlton
- Department of Emergency Medicine University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Keke Schuler
- National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health Rockville Maryland USA
- The Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Rockville Maryland USA
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Stufano A, Jahantigh HR, Cagnazzo F, Centrone F, Loconsole D, Chironna M, Lovreglio P. Work-Related Human T-lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) Infection: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2021; 13:1753. [PMID: 34578335 PMCID: PMC8472817 DOI: 10.3390/v13091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) belong to the delta group of retroviruses which may cause a life-long infection in humans, HTLV-1 leading to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and other diseases. Different transmission modes have been described, such as breastfeeding, and, as for other blood-borne pathogens, unsafe sexual activity, intravenous drug usage, and blood transfusion and transplantation. The present systematic review was conducted to identify all peer-reviewed studies concerning the work-related infection by HTLV-1/2. A literature search was conducted from January to May 2021, according to the PRISMA methodology, selecting 29 studies: seven related to health care workers (HCWs), five to non-HCWs, and 17 to sex workers (SWs). The findings showed no clear evidence as to the possibility of HTLV-1/2 occupational transmission in HCWs, according to the limited number and quality of the papers. Moreover, non-HCWs showed a higher prevalence in jobs consistent with a lower socioeconomic status or that could represent a familial cluster, and an increased risk of zoonotic transmission from STLV-1-infected non-human primates has been observed in African hunters. Finally, a general increase of HTLV-1 infection was observed in SWs, whereas only one paper described an increased prevalence for HTLV-2, supporting the urgent need for prevention and control measures, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment of HTLV-1/2, to be offered routinely as part of a comprehensive approach to decrease the impact of sexually transmitted diseases in SWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Stufano
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (F.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Hamid Reza Jahantigh
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (F.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesco Cagnazzo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (F.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesca Centrone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniela Loconsole
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Chironna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology-Hygiene Section, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.C.); (D.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Piero Lovreglio
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (H.R.J.); (F.C.); (P.L.)
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Anand S, Sandlas G, Pednekar A, Jadhav B, Terdal M. A Comparative Study of the Ergonomic Risk to the Surgeon During Vesicoscopic and Robotic Cross-Trigonal Ureteric Reimplantation. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2021. [PMID: 34449268 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2021.0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Maintenance of the body posture and precise repetitive movements during minimally invasive surgeries predispose the surgeons to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The present study was designed to estimate the ergonomic risk of MSDs in a single surgeon while performing vesicoscopic ureteric reimplantation. Materials and Methods: All children with primary vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) undergoing vesicoscopic ureteric reimplantation through the laparoscopic (Group 1) or robotic (Group 2) approaches from July 2015 to October 2019 were included. Data, including age at the time of surgery, gender, the severity of VUR (grade), number of ureters involved (unilateral or bilateral), and procedural details, were recorded. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool was used for the ergonomic risk assessment of each procedure. The REBA scores were graded as negligible (1), low (2-3), medium (4-7), high (8-10), and very high (11 or more). The risk index was considered as normal (1 or less) and high (>1). The ergonomic risk associated with both approaches was compared. Results: A total of 16 patients (Male:Female = 9:7) were included in the present study. Groups 1 and 2 had 11 and 5 patients, respectively. The average (range) age of the children belonging to Group 1 was significantly lesser than Group 2 (3 versus 7.5 years; P = .0004). The average duration of surgery was significantly longer in Groups 1 versus 2 (P = .03). The average REBA scores associated with the laparoscopic and robotic approaches were 13 and 5, respectively (P = .0006). The risk indices in both approaches were 3.25 and 1.25, respectively. Conclusion: In a limited cohort of patients, we observed an overall high risk of MSD to the surgeon while performing vesicoscopic ureteric reimplantation. The associated ergonomic risk was significantly less with the robotic (medium risk category) versus laparoscopic approach (very high risk category).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachit Anand
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Children, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Andheri West, Mumbai, India
| | - Gursev Sandlas
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Children, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Andheri West, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhinav Pednekar
- Department of Robotic Surgery, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Andheri West, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhushan Jadhav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Center for Children, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Andheri West, Mumbai, India
| | - Mohan Terdal
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Andheri West, Mumbai, India
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Leso V, Ercolano ML, Mazzotta I, Romano M, Cannavacciuolo F, Iavicoli I. Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing: Implications for Risk Assessment and Management in Occupational Settings. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:617-634. [PMID: 33616163 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread application of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, commonly known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, in industrial and home-business sectors, and the expected increase in the number of workers and consumers that use these devices, have raised concerns regarding the possible health implications of 3D printing emissions. To inform the risk assessment and management processes, this review evaluates available data concerning exposure assessment in AM workplaces and possible effects of 3D printing emissions on humans identified through in vivo and in vitro models in order to inform risk assessment and management processes. Peer-reviewed literature was identified in Pubmed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. The literature demonstrated that a significant fraction of the particles released during 3D printing could be in the ultrafine size range. Depending upon the additive material composition, increased levels of metals and volatile organic compounds could be detected during AM operations, compared with background levels. AM phases, specific job tasks performed, and preventive measures adopted may all affect exposure levels. Regarding possible health effects, printer emissions were preliminary reported to affect the respiratory system of involved workers. The limited number of workplace studies, together with the great variety of AM techniques and additive materials employed, limit generalizability of exposure features. Therefore, greater scientific efforts should be focused at understanding sources, magnitudes, and possible health effects of exposures to develop suitable processes for occupational risk assessment and management of AM technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luigia Ercolano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Mazzotta
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Romano
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cannavacciuolo
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Robles-Pérez E, González-Díaz B, Miranda-García M, Borja-Aburto VH. Infection and death by COVID-19 in a cohort of healthcare workers in Mexico. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:349-355. [PMID: 34057188 PMCID: PMC8259703 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the risk of SARS-Cov2 infection and severe COVID-19 among healthcare workers from a major social security system. METHODS This study actively followed a cohort of social security workers from March to December 2020 to determine the number of laboratory-confirmed symptomatic cases, asymptomatic associated contacts and COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and deaths. Workers were classified into those providing direct care to infected patients (COVID teams), other active healthcare workers (OAHCW), and workers under home protection (HPW). The number of cases and rates were also estimated by job category. RESULTS Among a total of 542 381 workers, 41 461 were granted stay-at-home protection due to advanced age or comorbidities. Among the 500 920 total active workers, 85 477 and 283 884 were classified into COVID teams and OAHCW, respectively. Infection rates for COVID teams, OAHCW, and HPW were 20.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.8-20.4], 13.7% (95% CI 15.0-15.3), and 12.2% (95% CI 11.8-12.5), respectively. The risk of hospitalization was higher among HPW. COVID teams had lower mortality rate per 10 000 workers compared to HPW (5.0, 95% CI 4.0-7.0 versus 18.1, 95% CI 14.0-23.0). Compared to administrative workers, ambulance personnel (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.09-1.32), social workers (RR 1.16; 95% CI 1.08-1.24), patient transporters (RR 1.15; 95% CI 1.09-1.22) and nurses (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.10-1.15) had a higher risk of infection after adjusting for age and gender. Crude differences in mortality rates were observed according to job category, which could be explained by differences in age, sex, and comorbidity distribution. Diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hemolytic anemia, and HIV were associated with increased fatality rates. CONCLUSIONS COVID team workers had higher infection rates compared to the total population of active workers and HPW. Doctors had lower risk of infection than respiratory therapists, nurses, and patient transporters, among whom interventions should be reconsidered to reduce risks. The presence of comorbidities, such as diabetes, obesity, arterial hypertension, hemolytic anemia, and HIV, increased the likelihood of complications caused by COVID-19, culminating in a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Robles-Pérez
- Dirección de Prestaciones Médicas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Paseo de la Reforma 476, 3er Piso, Col. Juárez, Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México, Código Postal 06600, México.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study how county-level differences in employment in healthcare occupations contributes to county-level differences in COVID-19 cases. METHOD The number of active COVID-19 cases were gathered from the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center weekly between April 22, 2020 and July 1, 2020. Data for the number of workers employed in healthcare occupations were collected at the county-level from the American Community Survey. These data were combined to explore the association between employment patterns and rates of COVID-19 cases. RESULT Counties with more employment in healthcare-related occupations experienced higher rate of COVID-19. This association was strongest in April and May compared to later months of the pandemic. CONCLUSION Employment in healthcare occupations may contribute to the spread of COVID-19. Intervention to protect workers may help to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Le
- Premedical and Health Studies Program, School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (Mr Le); Public Health Program, School of Arts and Sciences, MCPHS University, Boston, Massachusetts (Mr Hawkins)
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Alvi MA, Li L, Saqib M, Ohiolei JA, Younas MW, Tayyab MH, Hassan A, Qamar W, Alvi AA, Fu BQ, Yan HB, Jia WZ. Serologic evidence of Echinococcus granulosus in slaughterhouses in Pakistan: global alarm for butchers in developing countries. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15:861-869. [PMID: 34242198 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic echinococcosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus, is a neglected zoonosis that affects humans and livestock. This sero-survey was designed for the first time in Pakistan to assess the exposure of butchers to E. granulosus as there was no previous report in the country for this occupational group. METHODOLOGY Blood samples were collected from registered butchers (n = 364) in five different slaughterhouses in Faisalabad and Bahawalnagar Districts. Sera were tested for anti-Echinococcus granulosus IgG with a commercially available ELISA kit (specificity, 100%; sensitivity, 97%). RESULTS Overall, seroprevalence was 9.61% (35/364). Butchers >30 years of age (10.34%), those involved in small ruminants butchery (11.70%), >10 years' experience (10.04%), formal education level up to middle standard (10.28%), contact with dogs (12.71%), improper/unhygienic disposal of dog feces (11.87%), and those unaware of the consequences of eating with unwashed hands (13.80%) were more seropositive with significant statistical differences (p < 0.05). Variables like previous cyst encounter, no knowledge of zoonoses and/or cystic echinococcosis, living in rural areas and the presence of stray/feral dogs in surroundings did not show any significant association (p > 0.05) with seroprevalence in butchers. The binary logistic regression model also showed a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) for all risk factors found statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS This study shows high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis among butchers in Pakistan and underscores the need for educating native slaughterhouse personnel on cystic echinococcosis. It also serves as a global warning, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mughees Aizaz Alvi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - John Asekhaen Ohiolei
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | | | - Muhammad Haleem Tayyab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Warda Qamar
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus), Pakistan
| | | | - Bao-Quan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Professional Laboratory of Animal Hydatidosis, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Yuksel B, Arsal Yildirim S. Determination of cytogenetic abnormalities in buccal mucosa of dental laboratory technicians. Arch Environ Occup Health 2021; 77:165-172. [PMID: 34184977 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1943641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of metals, which dental technicians are exposed to, on the oral mucosa cells in dental prosthesis laboratories (DPL). To monitor cytotoxic effects, mutations of pyknosis, Karyolysis Karyorrhexis, binucleus, micronucleus, and broken-egg were evaluated. Experimental group comprised of a total of 30 volunteer DPL employees from various DPLs, and 30 teachers and office workers were volunteered to be a part of the control group. Age range of DPL employees and whether they consume alcohol or smoke cigarettes were also considered as sub-variables. Peripheral smear technique was applied by taking samples from the oral mucosa of the experimental group and the control group. Anomalies determined between technicians and control group were statistically significant (p < .05). However, our findings revealed that the sub-variables (ie, age range, alcohol, and smoking) did not significantly affect the anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yuksel
- Kocaeli University, Kocaeli Vocational School of Health Services, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serap Arsal Yildirim
- Kocaeli University, Kocaeli Vocational School of Health Services, Kocaeli, Turkey
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