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Boehnlein JK, Tran HD, Riley C, Vu KC, Tan S, Leung PK. A comparative study of family functioning among Vietnamese and Cambodian refugees. J Nerv Ment Dis 1995; 183:768-73. [PMID: 8522939 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-199512000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the extent of family problems among a clinic population of Cambodian and Vietnamese refugees, and to identify similarities and differences between the two groups. All 107 patients with adolescent children from a total clinic population of 298 were interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire, results were tabulated, and statistical methods were applied. The types of problems with children described by parents were classified into the dimensions of communication, personal behaviors, school performance, social behaviors, and antisocial behaviors. There were significantly more problems described by Vietnamese parents as compared with Cambodian parents. Vietnamese parents reported significantly more dissatisfaction with life in the United States. For both ethnic groups, parents' relationships with their adolescent children were a major source of concern and had a major impact on parents' perceptions of their own health. Yet, there were important ethnic differences between these refugee groups in how patients perceived their problems.
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Abstract
Three cases of ceroid granulomas of the female genital system are presented, involving the cervix in two and lesions in the ovaries and bowel serosa in the other. Ceroid granulomas are unusual and interesting lesions formed when suitable substrates accumulate within macrophages to such an extent that a relative lack of biological antioxidants results and auto-oxidation and conversion to ceroid is favoured. This may occur in the setting of haemorrhage and necrosis, whether from tumour necrosis or associated with endometriosis. Other sources of lipids and lipoproteins include bile, meconium and vernix caseosa.
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Kanabrocki EL, Sothern RB, Bremner WF, Demakis JG, Bean JT, Ringelstein JG, Riley C, Fabbrini N, Crosby TJ, Mermall H. Weekly and yearly rhythms in plasma fibrinogen in hospitalized male military veterans. Am J Cardiol 1995; 76:628-31. [PMID: 7677095 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(99)80173-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The variation in plasma fibrinogen level demonstrating prominent circaseptan and circannual cycles is clinically relevant. There is a correlation between increasing level of fibrinogen and other hemostatic factors and risk of myocardial infarction and sudden death. The circaseptan and circannual cycles in fibrinogen concentration described in this study may help to explain further the variation in frequency of coronary events. Furthermore, the recent demonstration of a circadian pattern in the efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator, with peak efficacy occurring at 2000 hours--10 hours after the peak incidence of myocardial infarction--implies that further patterns to coronary artery syndromes may be predicted and the treatment efficacy may rely on demonstrated circaseptan and circannual cycles of these events.
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Brecher AS, Riley C, Basista MH. Acetaldehyde-modified lysozyme function: its potential implication in the promotion of infection in alcoholics. Alcohol 1995; 12:169-72. [PMID: 7772270 DOI: 10.1016/0741-8329(94)00067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Incubation of lysozyme with acetaldehyde (0.44 M) at room temperature for 2 h produces a 62% inhibition of enzymic activity. Because the active site cleft contains tryptophyls, asparagine, glutamine, and an arginine residue, and because acetaldehyde reacts with indoles, amides, and guanidines, it is suggested that these sites are likely ones for alkylation. The epsilon-amino groups of lysines on the surface of the molecule are also susceptible to covalent modification. Total acetylation of lysozyme has been reported to inactivate the enzyme. These results suggest the possibility that inactivation of a fraction of the lysozyme activity by acetaldehyde may decrease the effectiveness of the enzyme in chronic alcoholics, thereby leading to an increased potential for susceptibility to bacterial infection.
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55
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Nemunaitis J, Meyer W, Nemunaitis J, Taylor E, Riley C, Cooper B. Infection of elderly patients receiving high dose cytarabine-based chemotherapy for induction treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Leuk Res 1994; 18:649-50. [PMID: 8065168 DOI: 10.1016/0145-2126(94)90049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Dasarathy H, Riley C, Coble HD. Analysis of apatite deposits on substrates. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1993; 27:477-82. [PMID: 8385145 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820270408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate coatings, important for medical implant applications can occur in several different phases. Because of differences in properties of these phases it is imperative to be able to identify their presence in a substrate's coating. In this study we characterized hydroxy apatite (HA) surfaces applied by four different coating procedures. Included were plasma sprayed, sputtered, a composite, and a composite overlayed with plasma sprayed. It was found that a combination of reflectance infrared and Raman spectroscopy could be utilized to make an in situ characterization of the calcium phosphate phases. It was shown that plasma sprayed and sputtered coatings of HA lost OH and thus decreased in crystallinity, while composite coatings remained unchanged from the original HA powder.
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58
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Moore LV, Moore WE, Riley C, Brooks CN, Burmeister JA, Smibert RM. Periodontal microflora of HIV positive subjects with gingivitis or adult periodontitis. J Periodontol 1993; 64:48-56. [PMID: 8426289 DOI: 10.1902/jop.1993.64.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The subgingival microflora of 39 HIV+ subjects with gingivitis or adult periodontitis was cultured quantitatively anaerobically for bacteria, spirochetes, and mycoplasma and aerobically for yeasts. Isolates were characterized by conventional biochemical tests, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of soluble proteins, cellular fatty acid profiles, immunofluorescence, and immunodiffusion. In general, the same types of bacteria were isolated from the subgingival crevice of HIV+ subjects as we previously had isolated from the subgingival crevice of non-HIV subjects. A statistically significant difference was found between the composition of the flora of HIV+ subjects with adult periodontitis (AP) and concurrent studies of a non-HIV+ AP population. Mycoplasma salivarium was significantly elevated in the HIV+ subjects examined. Yeasts were isolated from only 10% of the samples and from 13% of the HIV-positive subjects at 0.05 to 0.0002% of the total cultivable count when present.
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59
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Jonas SK, Benedetto C, Flatman A, Hammond RH, Micheletti L, Riley C, Riley PA, Spargo DJ, Zonca M, Slater TF. Increased activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in purified cell suspensions and single cells from the uterine cervix in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Br J Cancer 1992; 66:185-91. [PMID: 1637668 PMCID: PMC1977904 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1992.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase have been measured in squamous epithelial cells of the uterine cervix from normal patients and cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A biochemical cycling method, which uses only simple equipment and is suited to routine use and to automation, was applied to cells separated by gradient centrifugation. In addition, cells were examined cytochemically, and the intensity of staining in the cytoplasm of single whole cells was measured using computerised microcytospectrophotometry. Twenty per cent of cells in samples from normal patients (n=61) showed staining intensities above an extinction of 0.15 at 540 nm, compared to 71% of cases of CIN 1 (n=14), 91% of cases of CIN 2 (n=11) and 67% of cases of CIN 3 (n=15). The cytochemical data do not allow definitive distinctions to be made between different grades of CIN whereas the biochemical assay applied to cell lysates shows convincing differences between normal samples and cases of CIN. There are no false negatives for CIN 3 (n=14) and CIN 2 (n=10) and 11% false negatives for CIN 1 (n=9) and 14% of false positives for normal cases (n=21). The results of this preliminary study with reference to automation are discussed [corrected].
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Riley C, Felvus J, Warner M, Greenacre J. Over the obstacles. THE HEALTH SERVICE JOURNAL 1992; 102:26-7. [PMID: 10170962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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61
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Abstract
Two hundred HIV-positive subjects were surveyed to determine their periodontal health status. Particular attention was given to the occurrence of a severe and rapidly progressing form of periodontal disease designated "HIV-associated periodontitis", which has been reported as being unique to AIDS patients. Among the subjects comprising the cohort, 85 subjects had good gingival health, 59 subjects exhibited gingivitis, 49 cases of adult periodontitis were observed, 5 subjects presented with advance adult periodontitis, and 2 cases of necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) were found within the group. The periodontitis of the patients in this survey did not have unique or pathognomonic characteristics which could set their periodontal disease apart from the periodontal disease seen in HIV negative population.
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62
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Warner M, Felvus J, Riley C. From little acorns. Welsh Office NHS Directorate. THE HEALTH SERVICE JOURNAL 1991; 101:26-8. [PMID: 10115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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63
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Felvus J, Riley C, Warner M. The policy practice interface in Wales. HEALTH SERVICES MANAGEMENT 1991; 87:208-11. [PMID: 10114963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The National Health Service in Wales, through the work of the Welsh Health Planning Forum (WHPF), has developed a new and exciting way of planning and managing its services. This encourages consumers to exert influence from the individual right through to the national level. Furthermore, managers are required to seek out and involve people, and to take advice from consumer-led groups. In this paper, Jeremy Felvus and colleagues describe briefly this new way of working and give practical examples of its impact on strategy development at all levels.
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64
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Riley C, Felvus J, Warner M. Heart of the matter. THE HEALTH SERVICE JOURNAL 1991; 101:21-3. [PMID: 10114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of all deaths in Wales are from cardiovascular disease. Christopher Riley and colleagues set out how health planners aim to change all that with protocols for health gain.
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Felvus J, Patterson T, Riley C, Warner M. Lessons in protocol. THE HEALTH SERVICE JOURNAL 1991; 101:20-1. [PMID: 10109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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66
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Kinzie JD, Boehnlein JK, Leung PK, Moore LJ, Riley C, Smith D. The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its clinical significance among Southeast Asian refugees. Am J Psychiatry 1990; 147:913-7. [PMID: 2356877 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.147.7.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
All 322 patients at a psychiatric clinic for Indochinese refugees were surveyed to determine the presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). If PTSD was not diagnosed at the time of initial evaluation, a structured reinterview was performed. Seventy percent of the patients (N = 226) met the criteria for a current diagnosis of PTSD, and an additional 5% (N = 15) met the criteria for a past diagnosis. The Mein had the highest rate of PTSD (93%) and the Vietnamese the lowest (54%). Of the patients with PTSD who were enrolled in the clinic before March 1988, 46% (N = 87) were given a diagnosis of PTSD only after the reinterview. PTSD is a common disorder among Indochinese refugees, but the diagnosis is often difficult to make.
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67
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Slavik M, Brown N, Riley C, Slavik J. Clinical and stability studies of melphalan in the whole and the parotid saliva. Eur J Pharmacol 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(90)93079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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68
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Rizzo J, Riley C, von Hoff D, Kuhn J, Phillips J, Brown T. Analysis of anticancer drugs in biological fluids: determination of taxol with application to clinical pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1990; 8:159-64. [PMID: 1982732 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(90)80023-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Taxol, a novel antimitotic, antitumor agent is currently undergoing Phase 1 clinical trials for the treatment of various tumors. An isocratic HPLC method has been developed for the determination of taxol in human plasma and urine. The method was then applied to the clinical pharmacokinetics of taxol following 6-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions at doses of 175 and 225 mg m-2. A mobile phase of methanol-acetate buffer (0.02 M, pH 4.5) (65:35, v/v) was used to elute a C8 column with detection at 227 nm. The sample preparation involved extraction with t-butyl methyl ether followed by further clean-up of the sample by solid-phase extraction. The method was linear from 0.10-10 microM injected, with a chromatographic run time of 6 min. The results obtained from the clinical study indicate that the plasma pharmacokinetics of taxol are best characterized by a two compartment open body model. Additionally, the present study resulted in the detection of a previously unreported peak which may be a metabolite of taxol.
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69
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Riley C, Baird JK, Barr TA, McKnight WB. Consideration of N 2(A 3Σ u
–) as an Energy Transfer Source for a Chemical Laser. Z PHYS CHEM 1989. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1989-270138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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70
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Shih WJ, Riley C. Examples of complementary roles of abdominal CT and radiocolloid liver imaging. Clin Nucl Med 1989; 14:532-6. [PMID: 2548798 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-198907000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two cases are reported in which well-defined lesions of the liver were seen in radiocolloid liver imagings but not in the concurrent abdominal CT images. The results of autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of hepatoma in one and metastatic disease in the other. The third case, referred for a Tc-99m SC liver-spleen image because of a suboptimal abdominal CT owing to artifact, showed a normal liver. In certain clinical situations, radiocolloid imaging provides a complementary role to CT in the detection or confirmation of hepatic lesions and, in occasional patients, is superior to CT.
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71
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Slavik M, Narasimhan TR, Riley C, Slavik J. Changes in serum copper and zinc during treatment with anticancer drugs interfering with pyridoxal phosphate. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1989; 258:235-42. [PMID: 2516708 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0537-8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hexamethylmelamine, pentamethylmelamine and procarbazine are anticancer drugs known to interfere with pyridoxal phosphate. This paper presents results on copper and zinc serum levels during the treatment with each of these drugs used as single agents. Six NZW rabbits weighing 2.7-4.5 kg were used in these experiments. Hexamethylmelamine and procarbazine were administered by gastric gavage and pentamethylmelamine by intravenous route at the daily doses of 100 mg, 30 mg and 50 mg/kg of body weight respectively for up to four days. Blood samples were collected in metal free tubes at fasting state before and during the treatment. Student's paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. The pretreatment serum copper concentration significantly (p = 0.05) increased and conversely the serum zinc concentration significantly (p = 0.05) decreased during each drug treatment. Consequently the copper/zinc ration significantly increased from 0.32, 0.33 and 0.27 to 1.16, 0.63 and 1.13 for hexamethylmelamine, pentamethylmelamine and procarbazine respectively. These results indicate, that daily administration of three anticancer drugs interfering with pyridoxal phosphate causes changes in serum copper and zinc levels with inversed relationship between both changes.
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72
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Riley C, Baird JK, Barr TA, McKnight WB. Consideration of N2(A3Σu–) as an Energy Transfer Source for a Chemical Laser. Z PHYS CHEM 1989. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1989-01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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73
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Ganong LH, Coleman M, Riley C. Nursing students' stereotypes of married and unmarried pregnant clients. Res Nurs Health 1988; 11:333-42. [PMID: 3175057 DOI: 10.1002/nur.4770110508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of information about a pregnant client's marital status on nursing students' initial perceptions of the client, attributions of group stereotypes to the client, predictions of client behavior, data sought, and verbal responses toward the client. Forty-three undergraduate nursing students from a large Midwestern university volunteered to participate. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups, the "married client" or "unmarried client." Subjects viewed a videotape of a nurse interviewing a pregnant client and were administered a series of questionnaires. Following this, they were asked to respond in writing to five statements made by the videotaped client. Videotapes were identical except that one group was told they were viewing an unmarried woman and the other group was told the client was married. Results indicated that students evaluated the married client more positively than the unmarried client. Students' perceptions were consistent with several cultural stereotypes. In addition, students predicted that, if hospitalized, the unmarried client would have greater difficulty than the married client. There were no differences between groups in the information they would seek from the client or in responses towards the client.
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Rocks BF, Bertram VM, Bailey MP, Riley C, Thom BT. Detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus by a rapid fluorescence-labelled immunosorbent assay. Ann Clin Biochem 1988; 25 ( Pt 5):522-9. [PMID: 3069045 DOI: 10.1177/000456328802500508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The development and assessment of a fluorescence-labelled immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus is described. Test serum is incubated in microtitre wells on which antigens have been coated. If present in the test serum, antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus bind to the solid-phase antigens. In turn the antibodies are quantified with anti-human immunoglobulin labelled with fluorescein. Positive samples produce an intense fluorescence which is measured in a spectrofluorimeter. When used to test a panel consisting of normal serum and antibody-positive serum from infected patients the assay proved to be 100% specific and to have a sensitivity of 100%. The assay has many of the advantages of micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, but does not suffer from the drawbacks associated with the use of an enzyme label. It requires fewer manipulations and is quicker to carry out than an equivalent enzyme-linked test.
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75
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Shih WJ, Riley C, Magoun S, Ryo UY. Intense bone imaging agent uptake in the soft tissues of the lower legs and feet relating to ischemia and cold exposure. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE 1988; 14:419-21. [PMID: 3181193 DOI: 10.1007/bf00254397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a patient with diffuse and intense uptake in the soft tissues of both lower legs and feet seen on 99mTc-HMDP bone scintigraphy. This finding presumably resulted from compromised blood supply to the lower legs plus a cold environment. The extraosseous bone imaging agent localization was presumably related to an existing ischemic condition that was exacerbated by cold. Differential diagnosis of the scan pattern should be differentiated from the artifact of socks contaminated by radioactive urine.
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