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Nakayama H, Hiramoto Y, Numata Y, Iwama J, Fujita S, Hirai N, Saito N, Hayashi M, Itou K, Aoki K, Iwabuchi S. Evaluation of repeated sports-related concussion using clinical diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kobayashi D, Enomoto A, Mochizuki Y, Matsui T, Nakayama H, Kawase Y, Ishigure K, Shikano T, Torii K, Kodera Y. Correlation between SPARC expression and efficacy of nab-paclitaxel for advanced gastric cancer refractory to fluoropyrimidine: An exploratory analysis of a phase II trial, CCOG1303. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx369.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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53
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Tanaka C, Kanda M, Misawa K, Ito S, Ito Y, Mochizuki Y, Ishigure K, Yaguchi T, Teramoto J, Nakayama H, Kawase Y, Fujiwara M, Kodera Y. Nutritional recovery after open and laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: A prospective multicenter comparative trial (CCOG1204). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx369.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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54
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Sunakawa Y, Sekikawa T, Usher J, Satake H, Jaimes Y, Miyamoto Y, Nakamura M, Nakayama H, Kazama K, Takagane A, Makiyama A, Kobayashi K, Kubota Y, Mori M, Kotaka M, Takeuchi M, Fujii M, Danenberg K, Lenz HJ, Ichikawa W. Dynamic changes in levels of gene mutations using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and efficacy of 1st-line modified (m)-FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab (bev) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harboring RAS mutation (mt) (JACCRO CC-11). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx393.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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55
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Yoshitake Y, Fukuma D, Hirayama M, Nakayama H, Ogi H, Shinohara M. Phase II clinical trial of peptide vaccination for advanced head and neck cancer patients induced immune responses and prolonged OS. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx376.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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56
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Sekiguchi S, Presi P, Omori R, Staerk K, Schuppers M, Isoda N, Yoshikawa Y, Umemura T, Nakayama H, Fujii Y, Sakoda Y. Evaluation of bovine viral diarrhoea virus control strategies in dairy herds in Hokkaido, Japan, using stochastic modelling. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e135-e144. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kobayashi M, Nakayama H, Tsuiki S, Inoue Y. 0466 PREDICTIVE ABILITY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES FOR ASIAN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nakayama H, Iohara K, Hayashi Y, Okuwa Y, Kurita K, Nakashima M. Enhanced regeneration potential of mobilized dental pulp stem cells from immature teeth. Oral Dis 2017; 23:620-628. [PMID: 27973697 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We have previously demonstrated that dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from mature teeth by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced mobilization method can enhance angiogenesis/vasculogenesis and improve pulp regeneration when compared with colony-derived DPSCs. However, the efficacy of this method in immature teeth with root-formative stage has never been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the stemness, biological characteristics, and regeneration potential in mobilized DPSCs compared with colony-derived DPSCs from immature teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mobilized DPSCs isolated from immature teeth were compared to colony-derived DPSCs using methods including flow cytometry, migration assays, mRNA expression of angiogenic/neurotrophic factor, and induced differentiation assays. They were also compared in trophic effects of the secretome. Regeneration potential was further compared in an ectopic tooth transplantation model. RESULTS Mobilized DPSCs had higher migration ability and expressed more angiogenic/neurotrophic factors than DPSCs. The mobilized DPSC secretome produced a higher stimulatory effect on migration, immunomodulation, anti-apoptosis, endothelial differentiation, and neurite extension. In addition, vascularization and pulp regeneration potential were higher in mobilized DPSCs than in DPSCs. CONCLUSIONS G-CSF-induced mobilization method enhances regeneration potential of colony-derived DPSCs from immature teeth.
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Matsumoto I, Uchida K, Nakashima K, Hiyoshi S, Chambers JK, Tsujimoto H, Nakayama H. IgA Antibodies Against Gliadin and Tissue Transglutaminase in Dogs With Chronic Enteritis and Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma. Vet Pathol 2017; 55:98-107. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985817690212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular clonality analysis of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes for diagnosing T-cell lymphoma is widely used in veterinary medicine. However, differentiating chronic enteritis (CE) from intestinal lymphoma is challenging because of the incompatibility between histopathologic and clonality analysis results. On the basis of findings that canine intestinal T-cell lymphoma and celiac disease share some common features, we conducted serologic examinations in combination with histopathologic and T-cell receptor clonality analyses in 48 dogs diagnosed with either CE or intestinal lymphoma. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against gliadin and tissue transglutaminase (tTG) were quantitatively measured using ELISA. The conditions were classified according to the histopathologic diagnosis, clonality analysis, and combined histopathologic/clonality analysis. Histopathologic analysis showed that dogs with intestinal lymphoma were likely to have high levels of serum IgA antibodies against gliadin and tTG, and serum IgG antibodies against tTG. No correlation between the diagnosed groups and control group was observed in the results of the clonality analysis and histopathologic/clonality analysis. It is interesting that dogs with intestinal lymphoma had a higher serum IgA titer against gliadin and tTG than did dogs with CE. These results suggest an association between repetitive inflammatory stimulation by gliadin peptides and subsequent intestinal lymphoma in dogs.
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Thongtharb A, Uchida K, Chambers JK, Nakayama H. Variations in Histiocytic Differentiation of Cell Lines From Canine Cerebral and Articular Histiocytic Sarcomas. Vet Pathol 2017; 54:395-404. [PMID: 28178429 DOI: 10.1177/0300985817690211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two newly established canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) cell lines, designated as PWC-HS01 and FCR-HS02, were obtained from brain and articular tumors, respectively. These 2 HS cell lines had phagocytic ability and modal chromosome aberrations. Although morphologic features of both HS cells were similar, immunocytochemical examinations revealed that the PWC-HS01 cell line expressed both dendritic cell (ie, S100, CD208, CD1, and CD4) and macrophage (ie, CD68, CD163, and CD204) markers. In contrast, the FCR-HS02 cell line was immunonegative for CD204 and CD68 but consistently positive for the dendritic cell markers. Moreover, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed histiocytic differentiation of both HS cell lines. These results suggest that HS from the central nervous system may have a tendency to be more undifferentiated compared with cases from other organs. In addition, the 2 newly established HS cell lines were also tumorigenic and metastatic in immunodeficient mice, supporting that these cell lines can be used as new tumor models for investigating canine histiocytic diseases.
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Murakami R, Nakayama H, Semba A, Hiraki A, Nagata M, Kawahara K, Shiraishi S, Hirai T, Uozumi H, Yamashita Y. Prognostic impact of the level of nodal involvement: retrospective analysis of patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 55:50-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Schröter S, Ateschrang A, Löwe W, Nakayama H, Stöckle U, Ihle C. Early full weight-bearing versus 6-week partial weight-bearing after open wedge high tibial osteotomy leads to earlier improvement of the clinical results: a prospective, randomised evaluation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2017; 25:325-332. [PMID: 25854499 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Open wedge high tibial osteotomy is a widespread treatment option in patients with varus malalignment and medial compartment osteoarthritis. There is no standardised protocol for post-operative rehabilitation available. The purpose of this study was to compare two post-operative rehabilitation protocols and to evaluate the clinical outcome of early full weight-bearing after open wedge HTO. METHODS One hundred and twenty consecutive patients with varus malalignment and medial compartment osteoarthritis received an open wedge HTO using an angular locking plate fixation between December 2008 and December 2011. All patients were assigned randomly into one of two groups with different post-operative rehabilitation protocols (11-day vs. 6-week 20-kg partial weight-bearing). Clinical outcome was evaluated using established instruments (Lequesne, Lysholm, HSS and IKDC scores) preoperatively, 6, 12 and 18 months post-operatively. Deformity analysis was performed preoperatively and during follow-up. RESULTS All clinical scores showed a significant pre- to post-operative improvement. After 6 months, there was a higher improvement in the group of early full weight-bearing. The difference between preoperative and 6-month follow-up for the group with early full weight-bearing and for the group with 20-kg PWB for 6 weeks was 28 ± 26 and 18 ± 22, respectively, for the Lysholm score and -5.0 ± 5.1 and -3.0 ± 3.6, respectively, for the Lequesne score. CONCLUSIONS Early full weight-bearing (11-day 20-kg partial weight-bearing) after open wedge HTO without bone graft leads to earlier improvement of the clinical results and can be recommended for post-operative rehabilitation after open wedge HTO and fixation with an angular locking plate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, Level I.
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Nishikawa T, Nakamura T, Takaoka R, Miyamatsu N, Okamura T, Nakayama H. Difference in knowledge of stroke symptoms between female university students and middle-old age. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw174.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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64
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Taniguchi H, Uehara K, Nakayama H, Nakayama G, Takahashi T, Nakano Y, Matsuoka H, Utsunomiya S, Sakamoto E, Mori Y, Komori K, Tajika M, Muro K, Yatabe Y. The location of colorectal cancer (right- vs. left-sided colon and rectum) affects the prevalence of BRAF V600E, non-V600E and PIK3CA mutations: a prospective registration study in the Aichi Cancer Network. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw370.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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65
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Nakayama H, Iseki T, Kanto R, Kashiwa K, Yoshiya S. Clinical and radiological results of double level osteotomy for varus knee osteoarthritis. Review of our experiences. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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66
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Tsutani Y, Miyata Y, Suzuki K, Takamochi K, Tanaka F, Nakayama H, Yamashita Y, Oda M, Tsuboi M, Okada M. Pathologic response and survival after cisplatin, pemetrexed, and bevacizumab followed by surgery for clinical stage II/IIIA non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw382.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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67
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Watanabe K, Uchida K, Chambers JK, Ushio N, Nakayama H. Deposition, Clearance, and Reinduction of Amyloid A Amyloid in Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Knockout Mice. Vet Pathol 2016; 54:99-110. [PMID: 27565681 DOI: 10.1177/0300985816658772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular deposition of AA amyloid and results in the irreversible dysfunction of parenchymal organs. In experimental models, AA amyloid deposits are cleared following a decrease in circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations. Additional inflammatory stimuli during this recovery process may induce more severe amyloid redeposition. In the present study, we confirmed the deposition, clearance, and reinduction of AA amyloid deposits in interleukin 1 receptor antagonist knockout mice (IL-1raKO) and studied the SAA levels and amyloid-enhancing factor activity based on the time-dependent changes of amyloid deposition. Histopathologically, following initial (day 0) injection of amyloid-enhancing factor in combination with an inflammatory stimulus (silver nitrate [AgNO3]), amyloid deposition peaked by day 20, and its deposition gradually decreased after day 35. SAA concentrations in serum were precipitously elevated on day 1 but returned to normal levels by day 10, whereas the SAA dimer was detected in serum after day 45. An additional AgNO3 injection was administered to mice with amyloidosis on day 5, 10, 35, or 50, and all mice developed large amyloid deposits. Amyloid deposition was most severe in mice treated with AgNO3 on day 35. The inoculation of sera from mice with AA amyloidosis, combined with AgNO3, induced AA amyloidosis. Serum samples collected on days 35 and 50, which contained high concentrations of the SAA dimer, induced amyloidosis in a high proportion (83%) of mice. Therefore, increased SAA and/or its dimer in serum during the recovery process may markedly exacerbate the development of AA amyloidosis.
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Shiono S, Okumura T, Boku N, Hishida T, Ohde Y, Sakao Y, Yoshiya K, Higashiyama M, Kameyama K, Adachi H, Shiomi K, Kanzaki M, Yoshimura M, Matsuura M, Hata Y, Chen F, Yoshida K, Sasaki H, Horio H, Takenoyama M, Yamashita M, Hashimoto T, Fujita A, Okumura M, Funai K, Asano H, Suzuki M, Shiraishi Y, Nakayama M, Yamada S, Hoshi E, Yamazaki N, Matsuo T, Miyazawa H, Sato Y, Takao M, Nakamura H, Nakayama H, Shimizu K, Watanabe T, Suzuki H, Kataoka M, Tsunezuka Y, Akamine S, Kadokura M, Hyodo I, Nakata M, Mori K, Kondo H. O-089OUTCOMES OF SEGMENTECTOMY AND WEDGE RESECTION FOR PULMONARY COLORECTAL CANCER METASTASES. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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69
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Ito H, Nakayama H, Nishii T, Isaka T, Furumoto H, Matsuzaki T, Hashimoto M, Yokose T. P-182DOES PLEURAL INVASION TO ADJACENT LOBE INFLUENCE ON SURVIVAL IN COMPLETELY RESECTED NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ito H, Nakayama H, Nishii T, Isaka T, Furumoto H, Matsuzaki T, Hashimoto M. V-111SLEEVE LEFT LOWER LOBE AND LINGULAR SEGMENTAL RESECTION AFTER INDUCTION CHEMORADIOTHERAPY. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw260.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Oka H, Kanemitsu H, Nihei H, Nakayama H, Tamura A, Sano K. Change of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities in rat brain following complete ischaemia. Neurol Res 2016; 14:321-4. [PMID: 1360627 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.1992.11740077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the activities of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase in rat forebrain after complete ischaemia. Complete ischaemia was induced by decapitation after transcardiac infusion with saline. The activities of xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase immediately after ischaemia were 93.3 +/- 38.7 and 18.8 +/- 7.7 microU/mg protein, respectively, and at 24 h after ischaemia were 183.5 +/- 75.1 and 60.8 +/- 15.2 microU/mg protein, respectively. The ratios of xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase immediately and 24 h after ischaemia were 5.04 +/- 1.03 and 3.04 +/- 0.99, respectively. These data indicate that xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities were maintained even 24 h after complete ischaemia. Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase proceeds slowly during complete ischaemia.
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Matsumoto-Makidono Y, Nakayama H, Yamasaki M, Miyazaki T, Kobayashi K, Watanabe M, Kano M, Sakimura K, Hashimoto K. Ionic Basis for Membrane Potential Resonance in Neurons of the Inferior Olive. Cell Rep 2016; 16:994-1004. [PMID: 27425615 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Some neurons have the ability to enhance output voltage to input current with a preferred frequency, which is called resonance. Resonance is thought to be a basis for membrane potential oscillation. Although ion channels responsible for resonance have been reported, the precise mechanisms by which these channels work remain poorly understood. We have found that resonance is reduced but clearly present in the inferior olivary neurons of Cav3.1 T-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel knockout (KO) mice. The activation of Cav3.1 channels is strongly membrane potential dependent, but less frequency dependent. Residual resonance in Cav3.1 KO mice is abolished by a hyper-polarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel blocker, ZD7288, and is partially suppressed by voltage-dependent K(+) channel blockers. Resonance is inhibited by ZD7288 in wild-type mice and impaired in HCN1 KO mice, suggesting that the HCN1 channel is essential for resonance. The ZD7288-sensitive current is nearly sinusoidal and strongly frequency dependent. These results suggest that Cav3.1 and HCN1 channels act as amplifying and resonating conductances, respectively.
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Nagata T, Nakayama H, Uchida K, Uetsuka K, Yasoshima A, Yasunaga S, Masuda K, Tsujimoto H, Kuwajima E, Nishimura R, Sasaki N, Doi K. Two Cases of Feline Malignant Craniopharyngioma. Vet Pathol 2016; 42:663-5. [PMID: 16145213 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-5-663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumors at the cranial base in 2 cats (a 9 1/2-year-old, castrated male Chinchilla and a 7-year-old, castrated male American shorthair) were diagnosed as malignant craniopharyngioma. The tumor lesion was histopathologically divided into four parts: 1) a small acinus part, in which relatively large cells with a pale cytoplasm composed small acini; 2) a duct part, in which small cuboidal cells composed ducts; 3) a cyst part, in which there were large cysts lined with flat cells; and 4) a pavement part, in which large multiangular-shaped cells proliferated in a pavement pattern. The epithelial cells of some parts were positive for keratin by immunohistochemistry. Histopathologic findings of the present feline cases were identical to those of malignant craniopharyngioma in other animal species.
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Baba Y, Nakayama H, Yasoshima A, Uetsuka K, Kumagai S, Doi K. Thymic Granulomatous Lesions in Pigs. Vet Pathol 2016; 43:1037-40. [PMID: 17099169 DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rare cases of thymic granulomatous lesions were found in pigs. The lesions consisted of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes. Such lesions also were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, and stomach. The cytoplasm of the majority of giant cells and some epithlioid cells was periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive. All cells were positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and desmin. Ultrastructurally, the giant cells were rich in organella and attached to adjacent epithelioid cells by membrane interdigitation. The cells included numerous coated vesicles and granules. No etiologic pathogen, including porcine circovirus type 2, was detected in the lesions. This is the rare case of idiopathic thymic granulomatous lesion in pigs.
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Abstract
Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process, during which numerous genetic and epigenetic alterations accumulate: there are abnormalities of growth factors/receptors, angiogenic factors, cell cycle regulators, DNA mismatch repair genes etc. These abnormalities define, at the same time, the biological character of the cancer cell and may thus serve as therapeutic targets. Genetic instability may cause accumulation of genetic abnormalities. The most important epigenetic alterations are DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling. Some of these changes are common in gastric cancer, regardless of subtype, and some differ by histological type or (gastric or intestinal) mucin phenotype. Genetic polymorphism is a crucial endogenous cause and fundamental aspect of cancer risk. Importantly, genetic polymorphisms are also associated with the therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of anti-cancer drugs. Genomic science and technology such as Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE) allows the identification of novel genes and molecules specifically up-regulated or down-regulated in gastric cancer, e.g., RegIV and claudin-18 can be identified. Advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular bases lead to improved diagnosis, personalised medicine and prevention of gastric cancer.
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