The comparison of alternative splicing among the multiple tissues in cucumber

BACKGROUND

Alternative splicing (AS) is an important post-transcriptional process. It has been suggested that most AS events are subject to tissue-specific regulation. However, the global dynamics of AS in different tissues are poorly explored.

RESULTS

To analyse global changes in AS in multiple tissues, we identified the AS events and constructed a comprehensive catalogue of AS events within each tissue based on the genome-wide RNA-seq reads from ten tissues in cucumber. First, we found that 58% of the multi-exon genes underwent AS. We further obtained 565 genes with significantly more AS events compared with random genes. These genes were found significant enrichment in biological processes related to the regulation of actin filament length. Second, significantly different AS event profiles among ten tissues were found. The tissues with the same origin of development are more likely to have a relatively similar AS profile. Moreover, 7370 genes showed tissue-specific AS events and were highly enriched in biological processes related to the positive regulation of cellular component organization. Root-specificity AS genes were related to the cellular response to DNA damage stimulus. Third, the genes with different intron retention (IR) patterns among the ten tissues showed significant difference in GC percentages of the retained intron, and the number of exons and FPKM of the major transcripts.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study provided a comprehensive view of AS in multiple tissues. We revealed novel insights into the patterns of AS in multiple tissues and the tissue-specific AS in cucumber.

The STAT-ROS cycle extends IFN‑induced cancer cell apoptosis

In mammals, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) protein processes mitochondria importation targets and mitochondria respiratory complexes, and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which conversely rapidly initiates the activation of STAT. Interferon (IFN) administration increases cancer cell apoptosis via STAT activation and ROS accumulation. However, the existence of a STAT-ROS cycle and how it affects IFN‑induced cancer cellular apoptosis are unclear. In the present study, we used MCF7 breast cancer cells and confirmed that a combination of IFN‑α/β/γ incubation induced STAT1/3 phosphorylation and mitochondria importation, which increased mitochondria respiratory complexes, the cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and ROS production, followed by cellular apoptosis. We also found that STAT1/3 overexpression induced mitochondria respiratory complexes and ROS production. Additionally, ROS induced by H2O2 induced phosphorylation of STAT1/3 and promoted mitochondria importation. STAT1/3 deletion suppressed H2O2-induced acute cellular OCR, increasing the ROS level and indicating that STAT1/3 is necessary for ROS-induced mitochondria OCR and further ROS production, suggesting the existence of a STAT-ROS cycle. We next found that IFN induced mitochondria respiratory complexes followed by induction of OCR, ROS, and apoptosis, which were partially blocked by STAT1/3 deletion. Additionally, the suppression of ROS inhibited IFN‑induced STAT1/3 activation. Finally, we discovered that this cycle exists also in A431 and HeLa cancer cells. These results indicate that a STAT-ROS cycle extends IFN‑induced cellular apoptosis.

Verification of five pharmacogenomics-based warfarin administration models

Objective:

This study aims to screen and validate five individual warfarin dosing models (four Asian model algorithms, namely, Ohno, Wen, Miao, Huang, and the algorithm of International Warfarin Pharmacogenetic Consortium, namely IWPC algorithm) with the aim of evaluating their accuracy, practicality, and safety.

Materials and Methods:

Patients’ CYP2C9*3 and VKORC1–1639G >A genes were genotyped, and patient-related information and steady warfarin doses were recorded. The difference between the predicted dose and actual maintenance dose of each model was compared.

Results:

The prediction accuracies of the Huang and Wen models were the highest. In terms of clinical practicality, the Huang model rated the highest for the low-dose group, whereas the Ohno and IWPC models rated the highest for the middle-dose group. The models tended to markedly overpredict the doses in the low-dose group, especially the IWPC model. The Miao model tended to severely underpredict the doses in the middle-dose group, whereas no model exhibited severe overprediction.

Conclusions:

Since none of the models ranked high for all the three criteria considered, the impact of various factors should be thoroughly considered before selecting the most appropriate model for the region's population.

Development of solidified self-microemulsifying delivery systems with enhanced stability of sirolimus and extended release

The application of sirolimus (SRL) as immunosuppressive agent is hampered by its poor water solubility and narrow therapeutic range. The self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) succeeded in improving the solubility of SRL in our previous work. In this study, the formulation of the SMEDDS was further optimized by investigating the influence of the excipients including the media, antioxidant and organic acid. It was demonstrated that addition of 0.20% of citric acid in SMEDDS most efficiently promoted the stability of SRL under high temperature (40±2°C), high humidity (relative humidity 90±5%) or strong light irradiation (4500±500lx). SMEDDS absorbed by microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was mixed with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) to prepare tablets. The optimal formulation composed of 15% of HPMC 100 LV with hardness of 120N, which had a sustained release of 12h. Results of X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that SRL in the tablets was in amorphous or molecularly dispersed state. The SMEDDS-tablets presented as promising substrates for water insoluble drugs with enhanced stability and extended release.

AEG-1 as a predictor of sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

Objectives

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) plays a critical role in tumor progression and chemoresistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protein expression of AEG-1 in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) who underwent debulking surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Materials and methods

The protein expression of AEG-1 was analyzed using immunohistochemistry in 162 patients with EOC. The relationship between AEG-1 expression and chemotherapy resistance was assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses with covariate adjustments.

Results

High AEG-1 expression was significantly associated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, age, serum cancer antigen-125 concentration, histological grade, the presence of residual tumor after the interval debulking surgery, and lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, AEG-1 expression was significantly higher in NAC-resistant disease than in NAC-sensitive disease (P<0.05). Multivariate analyses indicated that elevated AEG-1 expression predicted poor survival.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that AEG-1 may be a potential new biomarker for predicting chemoresistance and poor prognoses in patients with EOC.

Preparation and characterization of silymarin synchronized-release microporous osmotic pump tablets

The pharmacological activity of herbal medicine is an overall action of each component in accordance with their original proportion. An efficient, sustained, and controlled-release drug delivery system of herbal medicine should ensure the synchronized drug release of each active component during the entire release procedure. In this study, silymarin (SM), a poorly soluble herbal medicine, was selected as a model drug to develop a synchronized-release drug delivery system: an SM microporous osmotic pump (MPOP) tablet. The SM was conjugated with phospholipid (SM phytosome complex, SM-PC) to improve the solubility, and the difference in the apparent octanol-water partition coefficient between the two components was significantly reduced. The dissolution rate of SM-PC was significantly higher than SM active pharmaceutical ingredients and was the same as that of the commercial SM capsule. The SM-PC was used to generate the MPOP tablet. SM was mixed with poly(ethylene) oxide and sodium chloride (an osmotic agent) to form the MPOP core, followed by coating with cellulose acetate and poly(ethylene) oxide to generate the SM MPOP. The results demonstrated that SM MPOP could synchronically and sustainably release the five active components within 12 hours (the similar coefficient f 2 between two components was >65), and the average cumulative release rate was 85%. Fitting of the drug-release curve showed a zero-order release profile for SM MPOP. Our study showed that the phytosome complex technique combined with the MPOP system will achieve synchronized release of the various active components of herbal medicine and have potential applications in developing sustained release preparations in herbal medicine.

Predictive significance of combined LAPTM4B and VEGF expression in patients with cervical cancer

Lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4ß-35 (LAPTM4B-35) is overexpressed in several solid malignancies. This study determines the expression level of LAPTM4B-35 in the cervical cancer during tumor development and progression. The present study investigated the clinicopathological significance of the coexpression of LAPTM4B-35 and VEGF in patients with cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of LAPTM4B-35 and VEGF in 62 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 226 cervical carcinoma in comparison with 45 normal cervical specimens. The correlation of combined LAPTM4B-35 and VEGF with clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed using a chi-squared test. Patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. A Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the prognostic significance of the factors. Combined LAPTM4B-35 and VEGF expression was significantly associated with FIGO stage (P = 0.014), tumor histologic grade (P = 0.033), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.045), and recurrence (P = 0.010). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with cervical cancer expressing both LAPTM4B-35 and VEGF exhibited both poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.015 and P = 0.016, respectively). Cox analysis demonstrated that combined LAPTM4B-35 and VEGF expression was an independent factor for both OS and DFS (P = 0.015 and P = 0.016, respectively). Overexpression of LAPTM4B-35combined with positive VEGF expression may serve as a new biological marker to predict the prognosis of cervical carcinoma patients.

Relationships of related genetic polymorphisms and individualized medication of tacrolimus in patients with renal transplantation

The aim of this study was to establish clinical and genetic factors-based individual administration model of tacrolimus for Chinese Han patients after renal transplantation (RT). The genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MDR1 in 216 RT patients were detected by PCR-RFLP, the genetic and clinical factors and blood concentration/dose × body weight (C/D) values of tacrolimus were performed the single factor correlation analysis, and established the dose prediction algorithm of tacrolimus by stepwise multiple regression analysis. CYP3A5*3, hematocrit and albumin were correlated with the C/D values of tacrolimus, the best regression model could explain 28.3% reason of individual dose differences of tacrolimus, among which CYP3A5*3 polymorphism could explain 23.5%. The genetic factors played an important role in the dose differences of tacrolimus, the patients should be checked CYP3A5*3 genotype before administration of tacrolimus to predict the tacrolimus doses, thus helping to improve the safety and effectiveness of tacrolimus application.

LAPTM4B down regulation inhibits the proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis of HeLa cells in vitro

BACKGROUND/AIMS

LAPTM4B (lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta) is a novel oncogene with important functions in aggressive human carcinomas, including cervical cancer. However, the specific functions and internal molecular mechanisms associated with this gene in the context of cervical cancer remain unclear.

METHODS

In this study, we explored the effects and mechanisms of LAPTM4B on tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis in vitro by depletion of LAPTM4B in Hela cell. RNA interference was used to induce down regulation of LAPTM4B gene expression in Hela cells. The motility, migration potential, and proliferation of the Hela cells were measured by flow cytometry, Transwell migration assays, wound healing assays, and Cell Counting Kit-8 assays. In addition, the cell cycle analysis utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting.

RESULTS

In this study, RNAi-mediated LAPTM4B knockdown inhibited cell growth and angiogenesis. In vitro, HeLa cells with down regulated LAPTM4B also exhibited decreased migration and invasion activity as well as significantly reduced CDK12, HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF expression. LAPTM4B blockade significantly decreased cord lengths and branch points in a tube formation assay.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggested that LAPTM4B inactivation could be a novel therapeutic target for cervical cancer.

Lentivirus-mediated RNA Interference Targeting LAPTM4B Inhibits Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Invasion In Vitro

LAPTM4B (lysosome-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta) play an important role in several human carcinomas. We examines the effects of RNA interference mediated downregulation of human lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta expression on the biological behavior of the human serous adenocarcinoma cell line NIH:OVCAR3. This study investigated the expression level of lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta in several ovarian cancer cell lines. RNA interference mediated by recombinant lentiviral vectors expressing an artificial lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta miRNA was used to induce long-lasting downregulation of lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta gene expression in NIH:OVCAR3 cells. Lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta expression as well as the motility, migration potential, and proliferation of the tumor cells was measured by flow cytometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, transwell migration assays, wound healing assays, and cell counting kit-8 assays. In addition, the cell cycle analysis utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Four recombinant plasmid expression vectors encoding premiRNAs against lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta (pcDNA-LAPTM4B-miR-1, -2, -3, and-4) were constructed and transfected into 293T cells, which overexpress lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta. The recombinant lentiviral vector for lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta RNA interference was packaged with pcDNA-LAPTM4B-miR-3, which had the highest interfering efficiency, thereby successfully generating stable transfectants. Compared with the control cells, the LAPTM4B-miRNA-transfected NIH:OVCAR3 cells exhibited significant decreases in cell motility and invasion. Furthermore, LAPTM4B depletion resulted in a significant decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen, vascular endothelial growth factor, MMP2, MMP9, and CDK12 expression. We propose that lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4 beta expression may be an oncogene-inducing feature of invasive ovarian cancer cells and may be a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer treatment.

Clinical efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe facial acne vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is considered as a therapeutic challenge in terms of managing ongoing symptoms and preventing scar formation. Although there are many available treatments for alleviating acne, therapies for resistant or moderate-to-severe forms have been limited to systemic agents that are accompanied by potentially severe side-effects. While, aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) has increasingly been used as a simple and safe therapeutic option of acne vulgaris, the clinical efficacy requires confirmation in further studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of 5-ALA-PDT in the treatment of moderate-to-severe facial acne vulgaris. A total of 50 patients with moderate-to-severe facial acne were enrolled in the study and randomly divided equally into a therapy group and a control group. In the therapy group, the patients were treated with 5% 5-ALA for 1.5 h, followed by three 20-min doses of infrared radiation once a week; in the control group, the patients were treated with three 20 min doses of infrared radiation without 5-ALA once a week. Both treatments lasted for 3 weeks. The clinical efficacy was determined by evaluating acne lesion counts at weeks 0, 2, 4 and 6. Total efficacy rate (TER) was the primary endpoint of the study, and was defined as the proportion of the patients whose treatment effectiveness evaluation was cured (≥90% of skin lesions improved) and excellent (60-89% improvement). Adverse effects were recorded throughout the study. The study was completed by 24 patients in the therapy group and 23 patients in the control group. The numbers of acne lesions significantly decreased. The TER of the therapy group was significantly higher than that of the control group at weeks 4 and 6. Adverse effects were observed in 12 patients of the therapy group and 2 patients of the control group. In the therapy group the most common adverse effect was a burning sensation (n=7), followed by transient hyperpigmentation (n=3) and acute acneform lesions (n=2), while in control group, the 2 patients experienced flushing and dryness. The adverse effects were all cured by a symptomatic approach prior to the end of the study. 5-ALA-PDT combined with infrared radiation is an effective and safe therapy for moderate-to-severe facial acne.

[Fingerprint and spectrum-effect relationships on Tripterygium glycosides preparation]

Tripterygium glycosides preparation which extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii (TWHY), was widely used to treat the autoimmune diseases. Previous works demonstrated that TWHF had potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. But the different quality and high incident rate of side effects of different manufactures inhibited its clinical application. Since TWHF had been generally known to play a therapeutical effect by synergism of multiple constituents, it was necessary to build the relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and bioactivity so as to ensure the quality safety and efficacy. The HPLC fingerprint showed that description and content of peaks from different manufactures were diverse. Only 11 common peaks were found. In this study, mice spleen cells stimulated by Con A were used to test the proliferation inhibition bioactivity of TWHF preparations, which were incubated with 30, 15, 7.5, 3.75, 1.88 and 0.94 mg x L(-1) TWHF preparations for 48 h. The results showed that mice spleen cells proliferation was inhibited by all TWHF preparations significantly compared with the control group, which suggested the TWHF preparations showed immune suppress activity. The TWHF preparations from 7 manufacture showed different IC50 value, which might belong to different contents which showed in the HPLC fingerprint. Moreover, a relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the bioactivity were established to identify important constituents by grey relational analysis (GRA). The result showed that all the contents were relative with the IC50, especially No. 5 and 10 peaks, but No. 1 peak, which was proved to be triptolide, had few contribute to the inhibition of mice spleen cells proliferation. The study of relationship between the HPLC fingerprint and the IC50 by GRA could help to investigate mechanism of bioactive and provide an evidence for the quantification of multi-constituents.

[Isolation, purification and identification of polysaccharides from Gynura divaricata]

The purpose of this study was to isolate and purify polysaccharide from Gynura divaricata and analyze its monosaccharide composition. A water-soluble crude polysaccharide was obtained by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization after degreasing. The crude polysaccharide then purified with DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and dialysis. The monosaccharide composition and structure were analyzed by HPLC, UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR. The results showed that the purity and molecular weight of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were 87.3%, 2.03 x 10(4) Da and 90.9%, 4.29 x 10(4) Da, respectively. The UV spectrophotometer and 1H-NMR data suggested that glycosidic bond of GDPS-2 and GDPS-3 were a type. Both GDPs-2 and GDPs-3 were homogeneous polysaccharides, and GDPs-2 was mainly composed of glucuronic acid and xylose at a molar ratio of 1.1:0.63. GDPs-3 was mainly composed of rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactose, xylose and galacturonic acid at a molar ratio of 0.32:6.0:0.21:1.75:4.3.

[Progress in study of spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine and discussions]

Spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine is a scientific method based on fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine, which studied the correlations between fingerprint and activity. The method revealed the activity related peaks and clarified the active components. It provided directions and thoughts for the clarification of pharmacodynamic material basis and establishment of evaluation method to reflect the inherent quality of traditional Chinese medicine. In this text we would make a systematic review about the progress in the study of spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine after summarized the latest years of investigations from researchers at home and abroad, including the establishment of fingerprint, efficacy evaluation, and data processing. The key problems in each part were clarified and corresponding discussions were made, providing thoughts and advices for the following study of spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine. At last we made a expecting on the development trend of spectrum-effect relationship of traditional Chinese medicine.

A preliminary analysis of microRNA as potential clinical biomarker for schizophrenia

MicroRNAs (miRNA, miR) have been implicated as promising blood-based biomarkers for schizophrenia patients. This study aimed to clinically validate miRNA as potential schizophrenia biomarkers. Plasma levels of 10 miRNAs were analyzed using qPCR in a cohort of 61 schizophrenia patients and 62 normal controls, as well as 25 patients particularly selected for a six-week antipsychotic treatment course. Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Global Assessment Scale (GAS) and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) were administered to assess the clinical symptoms. The results demonstrated that a panel of miRNAs consisting of miR-30e, miR-181b, miR-34a, miR-346 and miR-7 had significantly increased expression levels with significant combined diagnostic value (AUC:0.713; sensitivity:35.5%; specificity:90.2%). In response to pharmacological treatment, expression levels of miR-132, miR-181b, miR-432 and miR-30e were significantly decreased. In addition, the improvement of clinical symptomatology was significantly correlated with the changes of miR-132, miR-181b, miR-212 and miR-30e expression levels. Furthermore, the decreases of plasma levels of miR-132 and miR-432 were significantly greater in high-effect subgroup than those in low-effect subgroup after six-week treatment course. We conclude that miR-30e, miR-181b, miR-34a, miR-346 and miR-7 combined as a panel are potentially useful non-invasive biomarkers for schizophrenia diagnosis. Markers miR-132, miR-181b, miR-30e and miR-432 are potential indicators for symptomatology improvements, treatment responses and prognosis for schizophrenia patients.

Pd/Ag coated fiber Bragg grating sensor for hydrogen monitoring in power transformers

Compared with conventional DGA (dissolved gas analysis) method for on-line monitoring of power transformers, FBG (fiber Bragg grating) hydrogen sensor represents marked advantages over immunity to electromagnetic field, time-saving, and convenience to defect location. Thus, a novel FBG hydrogen sensor based on Pd/Ag (Palladium/Silver) along with polyimide composite film to measure dissolved hydrogen concentration in large power transformers is proposed in this article. With the help of Pd/Ag composite coating, the enhanced performance on mechanical strength and sensitivity is demonstrated, moreover, the response time and sensitivity influenced by oil temperature are solved by correction lines. Sensitivity measurement and temperature calibration of the specific hydrogen sensor have been done respectively in the lab. And experiment results show a high sensitivity of 0.055 pm/(μl/l) with instant response time about 0.4 h under the typical operating temperature of power transformers, which proves a potential utilization inside power transformers to monitor the health status by detecting the dissolved hydrogen concentration.

Radioactive lutetium metallofullerene 177LuxLu(3−x)N@C80–PCBPEG derivative: a potential tumor-targeted theranostic agent

A radioactive metallofullerene ¹⁷⁷Lu_xLu_(3−x)N@C₈₀ was firstly synthesized by means of neutron irradiation on Lu₃N@C₈₀.

Synthesis and Physical Properties of Hyperbranched Polymers Containing Twisted Acenes

Novel hyperbranched co-polymers HP1–HP4 with twisted acene units and truxene groups have been synthesised through Suzuki coupling reaction and characterised. Single crystal analyses showed that the model compounds 3 and 5 had twisted structures with torsion angles of 40.73° and 28.65°, respectively. The polymers show blue light emission in organic solvents and thin films, as well as high stability, which might be utilised as potential candidates for organic electronic materials.

Effects of mental resilience on neuroendocrine hormones level changes induced by sleep deprivation in servicemen

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental resilience on the changes of serum rennin, angiotensin, and cortisol level induced by sleep deprivation in servicemen. By random cluster sampling, a total of 160 servicemen, aged from 18 to 30, were selected to undergo 24-hour total sleep deprivation and administered the military personnel mental resilience scale after the deprivation procedure. The sleep deprivation procedure started at 8 a.m. on Day 8 and ended at 8 a.m. on Day 9 after 7 days of normal sleep for baseline preparation. Blood samples were drawn from the 160 participants at 8 a.m. respectively on Day 8 and Day 9 for hormonal measurements. All blood samples were analyzed using radioimmunoassay. As hypothesized, serum rennin, angiotensin II, and cortisol level of the participants after sleep deprivation were significantly higher than those before (P < 0.05). The changes of serum rennin and cortisol in the lower mental resilience subgroup were significantly greater (P < 0.05); problem-solving skill and willpower were the leading influence factors for the increases of serum rennin and cortisol respectively induced by sleep deprivation. We conclude that mental resilience plays a significant role in alleviating the changes of neurohormones level induced by sleep deprivation in servicemen.

IGF2R expression is associated with the chemotherapy response and prognosis of patients with advanced NSCLC

BACKGROUND

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway has been suggested as a new molecular target for the treatment of cancer including Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We postulated that IGF-2 receptor (IGF2R) may be associated with treatment response and prognosis of NSCLC patients receiving chemotherapy.

METHODS

A total of 464 patients with inoperable advanced stage of NSCLC were enrolled. All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the IGF2R expression in tumor samples was detected by Immunohistochemical analysis. The IGF2R expression was inhibited in several human NSCLC cell lines (H292, A549, NCI-H460, Calu-3 and NCI-H23) after small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and the cellular biology behavior were evaluated.

RESULTS

Of all NSCLC patients, 204 had high IGF2R expression and 260 had low IGF2R expression. The low IGF2R expression was significantly associated with the smoking status, higher tumor stage, and poorer differentiation status of these patients. Notably, we found that the low IGF2R expression was closely associated with the chemotherapy response in NSCLC patients. Patients with low IGF2R expressions had a poorer prognosis than those with high IGF2R expressions. IGF2R inhibition by si-RNA technique in NSCLC cell lines increased the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities, but reduced the apoptosis rate. IGF2R silencing significantly enhanced the chemo-resistance of NSCLC cell lines to cisplatin treatment.

CONCLUSION

The IGF2R expression in tumor is associated with the chemotherapy response and prognosis of Patients with advanced NSCLC.