MiR-4513 mediates the proliferation and apoptosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via targeting CXCL17

OBJECTIVE

Emerging evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating cancer carcinogenesis; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unknown. Our work was aimed to investigate the role of miR-4513 in regulating OSCC cells behaviors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

MiR-4513 expression in OSCC cells was analyzed by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound-healing assay, transwell invasion assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The connections of miR-4513 and CXC ligand 17 (CXCL17) were analyzed by luciferase reporter assay and Western blot assay.

RESULTS

MiR-4513 expression was found elevated in the OSCC cell lines. The downregulation of miR-4513 expression inhibits cell proliferation, migration, invasion and, at the same time, promotes apoptosis. Furthermore, we validated CXCL17 as a direct target of miR-4513. Knocking down the expression of CXCL17, inhibited the effects of miR-4513 on OSCC cell behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggested the oncogenic role of miR-4513 in OSCC, and therefore it might be used as a target for the OSCC treatment.

The prognostic impact of variant allele frequency (VAF) in TP53 mutant patients with MDS: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is frequently expressed in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Studies have already reported the poor prognostic impact of TP53 gene mutations in MDS patients. However, parts of this subgroup of patients with low-risk MDS still have relatively better survival and longer remission times. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic difference intra-gene of variant allele frequency (VAF). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and event-free survival (EFS) was selected as the secondary endpoint. We extracted the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for OS and EFS from univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. A total of 4003 MDS patients and 1278 TP53-mutated patients from 13 cohorts of 11 studies up to February 24, 2020, were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled HRs suggested that a high mutant VAF had an adverse impact on OS (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.48-3.01, P < .0001) but no impact on EFS (HR = 15.57, 95% CI: 0.75-324.44, P = .003) in MDS patients. Twenty percent is a proper threshold to set (HR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.31-3.13, P = .001) and is a rough line between high clone burden and low clone burden, while 40% is an exact cutoff point (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.26-3.55, P < .0001) to guide diagnosis and treatment. Beyond the traditional binary classification of gene mutation, we aimed to find a way to divide mutant molecular markers more specifically by VAF to provide clinical therapeutic values. Our meta-analysis indicates that a high VAF is an independent, adverse prognostic factor for OS in TP53 mutant MDS patients. Patients with mediate/low-frequency parts who could be treated like wide-type patients have relatively better survival and may choose allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as conditions permitting. Further prospective studies are needed in the future, and a large subgroup analysis of the same cutoff point subgroups is needed to obtain a more reliable basis for the impact of other mutant gene VAFs on the prognosis of MDS.

[Numerical simulation of intranasal airflow in nasal numerical models with nasal septum perforations of different locations and sizes]

Objective: To investigate the effect of nasal septum perforation (SP) with different locations and sizes on nasal airflow by means of numerical simulation. Methods: Two healthy persons with normal nasal anatomy were enrolled in this study, including a 45 years old male (case 1) and a 36 years old female (case 2). Nasal CT data was used as the basis to create nasal airway numerical models of nasal SP with different locations (anterior caudal, central caudal, posterior caudal and anterior cranial) and sizes (diameter of 10 mm and 5 mm respectively). The inspiratory airflow characteristics (nasal cavity volume, nasal cavity wall area, pressure, nasal resistance, temperature, airflow velocity, wall shear stress, airflow-rate partitioning and vortex) of these nasal airway numerical models were simulated and analyzed. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between nasal resistances, airflow temperature and nasal cavity wall area. Results: In terms of pressure and nose resistance, the anterior caudal and larger size SP lead to more obvious variation of pressure distribution, and increased nasal resistance was especially found in the nasal cavity with anterior and medium caudal SP. In terms of temperature, the anterior (caudal and cranial) and larger size SP had significant effect on local temperature gradient as same as the anterior cranial and smaller size SP. Nasal heating efficiency was lower in nasal model with the anterior and larger size SP than that in the normal model. The temperature difference from the nostril to the end of nasal septum had positive correlation with nasal cavity wall area (R(2) value of case 1 and case 2 was 0.69, 0.41, respectively, all P<0.01). In terms of airflow velocity, the anterior caudal and cranial SP had more significant effect on the average airflow velocity in the nasal cavity. The anterior and medium caudal SP could make the airflow distribution in the asymmetric bilateral nasal cavity more unbalanced compared to the bilateral symmetrical nasal models. The anterior and medium SP resulted in a more pronounced vortex distribution than the posterior SP. Conclusions: The effect of SP on nasal cavity is related to its location and size. The anterior and larger size SP shows more negative influence on intranasal pressure, nasal resistance, heat transmission efficiency, airflow-rate partitioning than the posterior and smaller size SP.

Standard versus Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Renal Stones: A Meta-Analysis

Objective:

To compare the standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy in order to determine the optimal tract size for patients with renal stones.

Methods:

A systematic search of Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases was conducted for articles published through 20 August 2019, reporting on a comparison of the standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results:

Of 763 studies, 14 were considered for the evidence synthesis. A total of 1980 cases were included. Of these patients, 897 cases underwent standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and 1083 cases underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Stone-free rates were 87.6% (786 of 897 patients) for standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy and 87.8% (951 of 1083 patients) for mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( p = 0.57). Tract sizes of 30F and 22–26F in standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group shorten operation time compared with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( p = 0.02; p = 0.004; respectively). Leakage ( p = 0.04), bleeding ( p = 0.01), blood transfusion ( p < 0.00001), and renal pelvis perforation ( p = 0.02) were more common in standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group than in mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy group. Subgroup analysis showed only blood transfusion for 30F and 22–26F standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy group was more common than mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( p < 0.0001, p = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusion:

Standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy was associated with higher leakage, bleeding, blood transfusion, and renal pelvis perforation, but had a shorter operation time. Tract size of 30F improved the stone-free rate compared with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy, but led to more complications. Tract size of 22–26F was no better than 30F or mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

THU0239 DYNAMIC TEMPORAL CHANGES IN CLINICAL DISEASE ACTIVITY AND GUT MICROBIOTA REPRESENTATION OF A PATHOBIONT LINKED TO LUPUS NEPHRITIS

Background:

From a cross-sectional cohort, we have identified a candidate human gut anaerobic pathobiont,Ruminococcus gnavus(RG) of the familyLachnospiraceaethat was linked to active Lupus nephritis (LN)(1). Based on 16S rRNA amplicon analysis, LN patients displayed increased fecal RG abundance, concordant with serum IgG anti-RG antibody responses that appeared intertwined with anti-dsDNA responses implicated in renal pathogenesis. Indeed, monocolonization of germ-free mice is reported to result in generalized inflammation and expansions of Th17 cells. However, RG at low levels are also prevalent in healthy adults, and the temporal dynamics of RG representation within Lupus microbiota ecosystems have not been investigated. Also, genomic sequences of few RG strains have been reported, and these vary greatly in genome structure, gene representation and sequence, which may have broad implications for adaptation to a host with systemic inflammation and/or factors that contribute to immune activation in a susceptible host.

Objectives:

To investigate the relationships betweenin vivoRG expansions and disease activity that often wax and wane overtime, we initiated longitudinal studies in Lupus patients and controls. As representation of RG strains alone might alter pathogenic potential, we also sought to characterize RG strains from active LN patients.

Methods:

From our cohort, patients were characterized for demographics, clinical disease activity, and serologies including standard autoantibody and complement levels, and anti-bacterial responses of interest. High throughput 16S rRNA amplicon libraries from fecal samples were analyzed using QIIME 2 and DADA2 (1). Also, individual RG colonies were isolated and subjected to whole genome sequencing. Species and strains were then assigned in part based on multi-locus sequence typing and reference guided genomic assemblies.

Results:

16S rRNA analysis of 34 samples, at 2-4 timepoints from 14 SLE patients, documented highly conserved patterns of gut community representation overtime in 10/14 patients, based in part on unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Notably, independent of vacillations in clinical disease activity of up to 8 SLEDAI points, conserved microbiome phylogenetic abundance/composition was documented at a family level, and the level of amplicon sequence variants that approximate identification of individual species. In pilot studies, from two active lupus nephritis patients hundreds of fecal bacterial colonies were isolated, with initial assignments by 16S rRNA sequence. From highly redundant whole genome sequence analysis, these Lupus-patient fecal colonies were found to distribute into only four distinct RG strains, which differed from reported strains.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest that many Lupus patients have little or no detectable perturbations in representation of theLachnospiraceaefamily or abundance of RG species overtime. Moreover, this seeming microbiota stability was documented even in patients with dramatic changes in disease activity. However, these approaches are inadequate to detect shifts between RG strains. In pilot studies we have isolated and characterized the genomes of four unique RG strains from active LN patients, which include variations in gene content and sequence that may have implications for the host-commensal relationship and immune activation. Broadening of these studies to larger number of SLE patients and healthy subjects, with metagenomic surveys of strain representation in genomic shotgun libraries are currently in progress, in coordination with murine colonization testing for immune modulatory properties of individual strains.

References:

[1]Azzouzet al.Ann Rheum Dis2019 78(7):947-56

Disclosure of Interests: :

Gregg Silverman Consultant of: Work with industry is unrelated to the topic in this abstract, Doua Azzouz: None declared, Ze Chen: None declared, Jing Deng: None declared, Zhi Li: None declared, David Fenyo: None declared, Alexander Alekseyenko: None declared

Diagnostic potential of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 for Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE

The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether urinary MCP-1 can distinguish patients with AD, patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and cognitively normal (CN) subjects.

METHODS

A total of 754 participants, including 97 patients with AD, 50 patients with aMCI and 84 age- and sex-matched CN controls as well as a cohort of 523 CN subjects of different ages, were enrolled from five hospitals located in different areas of China. Urinary MCP-1 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The correlations between urinary MCP-1 levels and cognition test scores or age were analysed. The optimal diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

RESULTS

In the cohort of CN subjects of different ages, urinary MCP-1 levels increased with ageing and were correlated with age. The urinary MCP-1 levels were higher in females than in males. In the cohort composed of patients with AD, aMCI and age- and sex-matched CN controls, urinary MCP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with AD and aMCI than in CN controls. There were no differences in urine MCP-1 levels between the AD group and the aMCI group. The urinary MCP-1 levels were correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination scores and age, and were able to differentiate patients with AD and aMCI from CN subjects.

CONCLUSIONS

Urinary MCP-1 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AD and aMCI.

[Heritability of coronary heart disease, based on the data from the Chinese adult twins]

Objective: To analyze the heritability of coronary heart disease (CHD) among the Chinese twin adults. Methods: A total of 20 477 same-sex twin pairs aged 25 years and older from the Chinese National Twin Registry were interviewed. Structure equation model was used to estimate the heritability of CHD. Results: After adjusting for age and gender, the overall heritability of CHD was 0.75(0.68-0.81). Stratified analyses showed that genetic factors play a more important role in CHD incidence in ≥40 years or female twins. While the development of CHD was mainly influenced by environmental factors in 25-39 years or male twins. Conclusion: CHD is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and the heritability is high.

A Cell Wall Integrity-Related MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase AflBck1 Is Required for Growth and Virulence in Fungus Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus flavus represents an important fungal pathogen, causing severe economic losses in crops. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway contributes to many physiological processes, but its precise role in A. flavus is not yet fully understood. In this study, we focused on the AflBck1 gene, which encodes a MAP kinase kinase kinase of the Slt2-MAPK pathway. Targeted deletion of AflBck1 led to a significant defect in growth and development, and a AflBck1-deleted mutant (∆AflBck1) showed higher sensitivity to cell-wall stress than wild type (WT). Importantly, we observed that ∆AflBck1 displayed an enhanced ability to produce aflatoxin, a potential carcinogenic mycotoxin. However, the pathogenicity of the ∆AflBck1 mutant was markedly reduced in peanut seeds. We also presented evidence that AflBck1 was genetically epistatic to AflMkk2 in the Slt2-MAPK pathway. Finally, we found that loss of the proline-rich region at the N terminus of AflBck1 affected the reproduction of A. flavus. Collectively, this study not only extended the understanding that the MAPK pathway regulated A. flavus pathogenicity but also provided a possible strategy to control A. flavus contamination.

Classification models for predicting the antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum

Support vector machine (SVM) and general regression neural network (GRNN) were used to develop classification models for predicting the antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum. Only 15 molecular descriptors were used to build the classification models for the antimalarial activities of 4750 compounds, which were divided into a training set (3887 compounds) and a test set (863 compounds). For the SVM model, its prediction accuracies are 89.5% for the training set and 87.3% for the test set. For the GRNN model, the prediction accuracies for the two sets are 99.7% and 88.9%, respectively. Both SVC and GRNN models have better prediction ability than the classification model based on binary logistic regression (BLR) analysis. Compared with previously published classification models both SVC and GRNN models are satisfactory in predicting antimalarial activities of compounds with in addition of fewer descriptors.

Relationship of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and IGF-1 in cow's venous blood and venous cord blood with calf birth weight

The Intrauterine fetal development process is complicated and affected by many regulating factors such as maternal nutritional status, transcription factors and adipokines. Adipokines are kinds of active substances secreted by adipose tissue, including more than 50 kinds of molecules. To explore the correlation between calf birth weights and adipokines including adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and IGF-1 in cows venous and venous cord blood. Fifty-four healthy multiparous Chinese Holstein cows were used; in which, cows with a calf weight less than 40 kg were included in group A (n=9); those with a calf weight between 40 kg~45 kg were included in group B (n=25) and ≥45 kg were included in group C (n=20), venous blood and cord venous blood was collected. An ELISA kit was used to evaluate the concentration of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and IGF-1, correlations between index-index and index-calf birth weight were analysed. In both cows venous and cord venous blood, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with each other (p⟨0.01), and levels of these adipokines in venous blood were significantly higher than cord venous blood (p⟨0.01). Adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and IGF-1 in venous cord blood were positively correlated with calf birth weights, and significantly correlated with calf birth weights respectively (p⟨0.01). Our study showed that adiponectin, leptin, and IGF-1 were found in venous blood and cord venous blood, and adiponectin, leptin, and IGF-1 in venous and cord venous blood potentially inter-regulated each other; adiponectin, leptin, and IGF-1 in venous blood were not significantly correlated with calf birth weights, while adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and IGF-1 in venous cord blood were significantly correlated with calf birth weights, respectively.

[Clinical and genetic analysis of childhood-onset myoclonus dystonia syndrome caused by SGCE variants]

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics and genotyping results of childhood-onset myoclonus dystonia syndrome caused by SGCE variants. Methods: The clinical data of 9 children with SGCE-related myoclonus dystonia syndrome admitted at either the Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University or the Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from May 2018 to October 2019 were collected and the patients were followed up. The definite diagnosis was made on the basis of whole exome sequencing and multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification. The clinical features and gene test results were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Data of 9 patients (4 boys and 5 girls) diagnosed as myoclonus dystonia syndrome caused by SGCE variants were collected. The onset age ranged from 1 year to 3 years and 2 months. The first symptom was myoclonus in 4 cases, while dystonia in the remaining 5 cases. In the course of the disease, 9 cases had myoclonus and 8 had dystonia. Myoclonic jerks were characterized by involuntary jerks in both upper limbs in 8 patients. Six patients had involuntary jerks of lower limbs, resulting in gait instability or even falling. The myoclonus was exacerbated during the fine motor activities, emotional stress or fatigue. Dystonia was characterized by abnormal gait, including 5 cases with right leg dystonia, and 3 cases with the left leg dystonia. Three probands had a positive family history. Intellectual development was normal in all cases. There was no obvious abnormality in video-electroencephalogram (EEG) during both ictal and interictal periods. Electromyography (EMG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 9 patients were normal. Nine patients carried SGCE gene variants, including 3 frame shift variants, 2 nonsense variants, 2 missense variants, 1 fragment deletion variant and 1 splice site variant. Seven variants were inherited paternally, and 2 variants were de novo. Madopar was used in 8 patients, and nitrazepam in 4 patients, leading to the decrease in the myoclonus jerks and improvement of gait in 6 and 2 patients, respectively. Conclusions: SGCE gene variants can cause myoclonus dystonia syndrome. The onset of the disease may occur at infancy or preschool age, with either myoclonic jerks or dystonia as the initial symptom. Non-epileptic myoclonus is the prominent symptom, with upper limb mainly involved. Most of the patients have the accompanying symptoms of dystonia, and some of them may have spontaneous symptom relief. SGCE gene is imprinted maternally, and the inherited variants of SGCE are paternal in origin.

[Results and analysis on individual dose level of occupation exposure in industrial application in China (2009-2013)]

Objective: To understand and analyze the individual dose level of occupational external exposure of industrial workers in China from 2009 to 2013, and to provide basic data and scientific basis for radiation protection and radiation protection management. Methods: Since January 2009, the individual dose monitoring data of industrial workers were collected through the "National radiological health information platform-individual dose monitoring system". The methods of Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis of monitoring results for different occupational categories from 2009 to 2013. Results: From 2009 to 2013, a total of 151, 541 people were monitored for the number of industrial radioactive workers, showing a steady upward trend year by year. The average annual effective doses was 1.179 mSv/a. The average annual effective dose of industrial flaw detection, industrial irradiation, luminescent coatings, radioisotope production, logging, accelerator operation and other applications were 0.808, 1.429, 0.315, 1.074, 0.766, 0.576, and 1.510 mSv/a. There was a statistically significant difference in the average annual effective dose between the seven occupational categories (P<0.05) . The average annual effective doses of other application and industrial irradiation workers in 2013 were significantly higher than other occupational categories (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The average annual effective dose of industrial radiation workers meet the requirements of national standards. The exposure doses of industrial radiation and other application radiation workers are relatively high. The radiation protection workplace protection measures should be further improved and improved, and radiation protection knowledge training should be strengthened to protect their occupational health.

[Principles of magnetic resonance imaging and its value in diagnosis of sinonasal disease]

Magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used in clinical work for its high resolution for soft tissue, and without radiation or interaction of bone interference. For ENT physicians, to read MRI accurately and retrieve more information from it would help the clinical work a lot. This review introduces the principles of MRI, the anatomy, the inflammatory disease, benign tumors and malignancies of the nasonasal tract.

[Clinical and genetic characteristics of 62 children with mitochondrial epilepsy]

Objective: To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with mitochondrial epilepsy. Methods: Clinical data of 62 children who were clinically and genetically diagnosed with mitochondrial epilepsy by the Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital from October 2011 to December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively, and the control of epilepsy was followed up. T test or χ(2) test were used to analyze the related factors affecting the prognosis of epilepsy between the effective group and the ineffective group. Results: Of the 62 patients, 33 were male and 29 were female. The age of onset was 3.38 (0-12.00) years; for the type of seizures, 68% (42/62) of the patients had focal seizures, generalized or secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures were seen in 32% (20/62), myoclonic seizures in 23% (14/62), spastic seizures in 7 cases, tonic seizures in 4 cases, absence seizure, atonic seizure and clonic seizure in 1 case each; 16 cases (26%) had status epilepticus, of whom 6 cases had epilepsia partialis continua; 52% (32/62) had 2 or more types of seizures. The clinical phenotypes were mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) in 29 cases, Leigh syndrome (LS) in 11 cases, combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency in 6 cases, myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers in 5 cases, Alpers syndrome in 4 cases, pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 and mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 9 in 2 cases each, mitochondrial complex Ⅰ deficiency nuclear type 20, progressive cavitating leukoencephalopathy, and biotinidase deficiency in 1 case each. Of the 62 cases, 40 cases (65%) had mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations, of which 26 cases had m.3243A>G variants, 6 cases had m.8344A>G variants, and 3 cases had m.8993T>G/C variants, m.3271T>C, m.3481G>A, m.3946G>A, m.13094T>C, m.14487T>C variant was in 1 case each; nuclear DNA (nDNA) variations were identified in 22 cases (35%), of which 7 cases carrying variations in mitochondrial ammonia acyl tRNA synthetase coding gene, mutations in POLG and the gene encoding complex Ⅰ were in 4 cases each, variations in SUCLG1 and SDHA genes were in 2 cases each, and variations in PDHA1, BTD and TRIT1 genes were in 1 case each. Forty-three patients were followed up, and the follow-up time was 20 (3-84) months. According to the follow-up results, the anti-epilepsy treatment was effective in 19 cases (44%) and ineffective in other 24 cases (56%). The onset age of the effective group was 3.42 (0-11.50) years and that of the ineffective group was 0.92 (0-9.50) years. The onset duration of the effective group was 0 (0-7.00) years and that of the ineffective group was 0 (0-4.83) years. There was no significant difference between the effective group and the ineffective group (t=1.662, 0.860; P=0.104, 0.395). In the effective group and the ineffective group, 12 cases and 9 cases used less than 2 kinds of antiepileptic drugs, 7 cases and 15 cases used more than or equal to 2 kinds of antiepileptic drugs, 13 and 15 cases had first epilepsy, 6 and 9 cases had non-first epilepsy, 14 and 11 cases had mtDNA variation, 5 and 13 cases had nDNA variation, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ(2)=2.794, 0.164, 3.380; P=0.095, 0.686, 0.066). Conclusions: The types of seizures with mitochondrial epilepsy in children varied, with focal motor seizures being the most common, followed by generalized or secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Most children have more than two types of seizures. MELAS is the most common clinical phenotype, followed by LS; mtDNA variation is the dominant gene variation, of which m.3243A>G variation is the most common hotspot variation, followed by gene variation encoding mitochondrial aminoacyl tRNA synthase.

PDL1Ig gene-loaded BMSCs Induce liver transplantation immune tolerance

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the effects of BMSCs, which was modified by programmed death ligand-1 immunoglobulin (PDL1Ig) gene, on the immunological rejection of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Rat BMSCs were cultured and modified by recombinant adenovirus pAdEasy-1/PDL1Ig for 72h. The total protein was extracted, and the protein expression of PDL1Ig after transfection was detected by Western blotting. Mixed lymphocyte reaction was applied to detect the inhibitory effect of BMSCs, including pre-transfection and post-transfection, on the cell activity of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The male Wistar rats were used as donors, and the male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as recipients. The improved cuff method was computed in OLT to establish the rat orthotopic liver transplantation model of acute rejection. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including a control group (10 pairs), BMSCs treatment group (10 pairs), BMSCs/GFP (green fluorescent protein) treatment group (10 pairs), and BMSCs/PDL1Ig treatment group (10 pairs). 5 rats in each group were randomly collected and euthanized at day 7 after the operation. The peripheral blood was gathered to detect levels of 3 types of cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-g), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and IL-2. In addition, the liver function of rats was checked, and the pathological changes of liver transplantation were observed under the optical microscope. The remaining five rats in every group were used for measuring the survival situation and survival time.

RESULTS

After BMSCs were modified by a recombinant adenovirus pAdEasy-1/PDL1Ig for 72h, the expression of PDL1Ig in the BMSCs was detected. The inhibitory effects of BMSCs/PDL1Ig on the cell activity of lymphocytes were stronger than that of BMSCs/GFP. The levels of IL-4 in BMSCs/PDL1Ig group were significantly higher than those in the other 3 groups, and the levels of IFN-g and IL-2 were significantly decreased (p<0.05). The liver function of 4 groups was measured at day 7 after transplantation. Our results showed that the liver function in BMSCs/PDL1Ig group was most significantly improved, and the levels of ALT, AST, and TBil almost recovered to normal. The differences were statistically significant compared to the control group, BMSCs treatment group, and BMSCs/GFP treatment group. Results of pathological examination of liver tissue showed that the control group underwent severe rejection of liver transplantation. The BMSCs treatment group and BMSCs/GFP treatment group also rejected the liver transplantation, but the degree was lighter when compared to the control group. In addition, there was almost no rejection of liver transplantation in the BMSCs/PDL1Ig group. The recipient survival time of most rats was more than 100d, which was significantly longer than the other 3 groups (p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

PDL1Ig-modified BMSCs can inhibit the rejection of liver transplantation in rats, induce the formation of the immune tolerance of liver transplantation, and the effect was more significant than that of BMSCs alone.

[New system combining Hyams grading system and modified Kadish stage to evaluate the progress of esthesioneuroblastoma]

Objective:Esthesioneuroblastoma(ENB) is a sinonasal rare tumor, and the assessment on the prognosis have not been used with on consensus, our study aims to set an accuracy indicator to predict the outcomes of ENB.Method:A retrospective review was performed on 31 ENB patients. We collected 31 patients with ENB and reviewed the clinical data and pathological slides; modified Kadish stages were evaluated by otolaryngologist and imaging specialist; Hyams grading system were confirmed by two pathologists, who reviewed and paid attention to the pathological characteristics of Hyams grading system. Finally, the relation among the clinical data, pathological features and clinical outcome of these 31 ENB were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Result: The Hyams grading system and modified Kadish stage were considered together seemed to evaluate the prognosis of ENB more accurately, when the scores over 6 points, the patients had the poor prognosis with the mean median survival months of 24.67±32.22, compared with the scores under 6 and the final scores reached at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, the tumor metastasis rates were 14.3%, 16.7%, 33.3%, 50.0%, 100.0% respectively.Conclusion:Taking the Hyams grading system and modified Kadish stage into consideration, which may evaluate the prognosis of ENB more accurately.

The Chinese National Twin Registry: a 'gold mine' for scientific research

The Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) currently includes data from 61 566 twin pair from 11 provinces or cities in China. Of these, 31 705, 15 060 and 13 531 pairs are monozygotic, same-sex dizygotic and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs, respectively, determined by opposite sex or intrapair similarity. Since its establishment in 2001, the CNTR has provided an important resource for analysing genetic and environmental influences on chronic diseases especially cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the CNTR has focused on collecting biologic specimens from disease-concordant or disease-discordant twin pairs or from twin pairs reared apart. More than 8000 pairs of these twins have been registered, and blood samples have been collected from more than 1500 pairs. In this review, we summarize the main findings from univariate and multivariate genetic effects analyses, gene-environment interaction studies, omics studies exploring DNA methylation and metabolomic markers associated with phenotypes. There remains further scope for CNTR research and data mining. The plan for future development of the CNTR is described. The CNTR welcomes worldwide collaboration.

[Characteristics of electromyography in 111 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis: a retrospective study]

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the characteristics of the electromyography (EMG) study in generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) patients. Methods: A total of 111 gMG patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups: 36 severe patients discontinuing pyridostigmine bromide (PB) for 8 hours were included in 8 h group, and 75 g MG patients discontinuing PB for at least 18 hours were included in>18 h group. The clinical information and EMG study data were collected and analyzed. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the initial location of the myasthenia muscle (P=0.027), the affected muscle detected by the EMG (P=0.015) and quantitative myasthenia gravis (QMG) score (P<0.01) between the two groups. Comparisons in each group revealed that the highest positive rate of low-frequency repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) of facial in 8 h group and>18 h group was 94.4% and 60.0%, respectively. Comparisons between the two groups showed that the positive rate of low-frequency RNS in 8 h group was significantly higher than that in>18 h group (94.4% vs 70.7%, χ(2)=8.115, P=0.004). In particular, the positive rate of RNS in facial nerves and the extent of the amplitude decrease under different electrical stimulations (1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 5 Hz) were dramatically higher in the 8 h group (P<0.01). Conclusions: For gMG patients, the facial and accessory nerve detection can improve the positive rate of RNS. Different muscles had various sensitivity to PB, and orbicularis oculi muscle seemed the least sensitive muscle to PB. For suspect MG patients in severe condition, only discontinuing PB medication for 8 h before low-frequency RNS testing can avoid the deterioration and also obtain similar positive rate.

Kaempferol attenuates imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin inflammation in a mouse model

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin barrier. Treatment for psoriasis mainly includes conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, long-term treatment with global immunosuppressive agents may cause a variety of side effects, including nephrotoxicity and infections. Kaempferol, a natural flavonol present in various plants, is known to possess potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancerous properties. However, it is unknown whether kaempferol is also anti-psoriatic. Here we established an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mouse model to explore the potential therapeutic effects of kaempferol on psoriatic skin lesions and inflammation. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment with kaempferol protected mice from developing psoriasis-like skin lesions induced by topical administration of IMQ. Kaempferol reduced CD3⁺ T cell infiltration and gene expression of major proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in the psoriatic skin lesion. It also down-regulated proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the skin. The therapeutic effects were associated with a significant increase in CD4⁺ forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)⁺ regulatory T cell (T_reg ) frequency in the spleen and lymph nodes as well as FoxP3-positive staining in the skin lesion. Conversely, depletion of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ T_regs reversed the therapeutic effects of kaempferol on the skin lesion. Kaempferol also lowered the percentage of IL-17A⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes of IMQ-induced psoriatic mice. Finally, kaempferol suppressed the proliferation of T cells in vitro and their mTOR signaling. Thus, our findings suggest that kaempferol may be a therapeutic drug for treating human psoriasis in the near future.

[Clinical features of 19 children with Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis]

Objective: To summarize the clinical features of Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) in children. Methods: In this retrospective study, data of 19 patients with BBE (11 males and 8 females) were collected from Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital from October 2015 to January 2018. The clinical features, treatment and prognosis were analyzed. Results: The onset age of BBE ranged from 1 year and 8 months to 12 years and 11 months. There were 18 cases with preceding infection. The most common infection was upper respiratory tract infection (9 cases), followed by simple fever (5 cases). The most common initial neurological symptoms were lethargy or disturbance of consciousness (8 cases), followed by limb weakness (5 cases). There were 6 cases of simple BBE and 13 cases of BBE overlapping Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Besides the characteristic triad of altered mental status, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia, there were other symptoms including convulsion (5 cases), diplopia (3 cases), nystagmus (7 cases), facial muscular weakness (7 cases),bulbar palsy (13 cases) and autonomic nerve symptoms (9 cases). Hypo or areflexia was seen in 16 cases. Positive Babinski's signs were seen in 8 cases. Hyponatremia was present in 10 cases in whom 4 showed severe hyponatremia. Albumin-cytological dissociation of cerebrospinal fluid was seen in 10 cases. The autoimmune antibodies were examined in all 19 patients. Anti-ganglioside antibodies including anti-GM1 IgG antibody was positive in 2 patients and one of whom was also found with positive anti-GD1b IgG antibody. Anti-GQ1b IgG antibody was present in 2 patients. Electromyography was performed in 14 cases and 8 cases, who were all BBE overlapping GBS, showed neurological damage. A total of 16 cases were monitored by video electroencephalography and 8 cases showed slow waves of background. In addition to, interictal focal discharge was detected in 2 cases. T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence abnormal signals were detected in 3 of 18 cases performed brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and lesions involved with brainstem, basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, corpus callosum and cerebral cortex. Lesions involved cervical and thoracic spinal cord were found in 1 out of 11 cases for whom spinal cord MRI was performed. All of the 4 cases who underwent enhanced MRI of spinal had partial nerve roots enhancement. All of the 19 patients received 1 to 2 courses of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and 2 cases also received plasma exchange. Fifteen cases received steroid therapy. The following-up period ranged from 3 months to 2.5 years. Two cases were lost to follow-up. Twelve cases achieved a full recovery within 3 months. Three cases recovered within 6 months. One case still had slight limb weakness and ataxia after 1 year and 8 months of follow-up, and another case had left autonomic nerve symptoms in the follow-up of 2 years and 3 months. Both of them were BBE overlapping GBS. Conclusions: Children's BBE is similar to that in adults, and is frequently found overlapped with GBS. Furthermore, it is sometimes accompanied by central nervous system demyelination disease. The antiganglioside antibodies are not often detectable. Immunoglobulin therapy could usually achieve good response. The prognosis of simple BBE is good in most situations. For BBE overlapping GBS, the more severe the limb weakness during the peak of disease is, the slower the recovery would be.

[Analysis of influencing factors and causes of death in elderly residents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease]

Objective: To understand and analyze the incidence rate, risk factors, independent risk factors and the causes of death in elderly population with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Furthermore, analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and mortality rate in patients with NAFLD to provide evidence for the prevention and control of NAFLD in the elderly population. Methods: A total of 7 619 elderly people aged over 60 years, and local household registered in Kunshan city, Jiangsu province in 2016 were included as subjects to analyze the incidence rate, influencing factors and causes of death in patients with NAFLD and the relationship between MS and mortality rate in patients with NAFLD. According to different data, using Kruskal-Wallis H test, analysis of variance, t-test, chi-square test or logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD was14.10% (1 074/7 619) among the elderly over 60 years in Kunshan city, Jiangsu province in 2016, and the female prevalence rate was significantly higher than that of males (P < 0.05). When the body mass index (BMI) was < 32 (kg/m(2)), the prevalence of NAFLD increased with the increase of BMI index. When BMI was 18.5-23.9 kg/m2, 24-27.9 kg/m(2) and > 32 kg/m(2), the prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in females than males (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in prevalence between males and females with BMI <18.5 kg/m(2) and 28~31.9 kg/m(2) (P > 0.05). BMI gradually decreased (P < 0.05) with the increase of age, and the incidence of NAFLD showed a downward trend (P < 0.05). An independent risk factors for NAFLD (P < 0.01) were gender (OR = 0.616), age (OR = 0.970), waist circumference (OR = 1.065), triglycerides (OR = 1.162), BMI (OR = 1.238), and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.012). The probability of NAFLD combined with three and four kinds of MS was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). Subjects' mortality rate during the follow-up period was 1.94%, 2.23% in the NAFLD group, and 1.89% in the control group. Average life expectancy was 75.58 years in NAFLD group and 78.68 years in the control group. All deaths in NAFLD groups were associated with MS, and 70.83% combined with three or more MS. The primary cause of death in NAFLD group was tumors (37.5%), followed by cardiovascular disease (16.67%) and three cases died directly from MS. Conclusion: The prevalence of NAFLD in the elderly population in Kunshan city, Jiangsu province is relatively low, which may be associated with local diet and high-intensity workouts. MS disorders represented by obesity and diabetes mellitus are closely associated to the onset of NAFLD. Obesity is the most important risk factor for the incidence of NAFLD in the local elderly population over 60 years old. However, the risk of NAFLD should not be neglected in people with normal BMI, especially in aged women, and the weight control should be the most important means to prevent and control NAFLD. NAFLD may increase mortality rate and reduce life expectancy in the elderly population. The main reason to cause death in the elderly with NAFLD is cardiovascular disease and malignant tumors. Simultaneously, multiple MS development may increase the death rate in elderly with NAFLD.

[Study on the relationship between 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and glucocorticoid response in nasal polyps]

Objective: To investigate the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) in polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and its correlation with glucocorticoid sensitivity. Methods: The prospective study method was applied. Forty-three adult CRSwNP patients from Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between April 2016 and June 2017 were enrolled in this study. There were 19 males and 24 females with the age of (37.44±7.42) years old. The endoscopic scores by nasal Polyps Grading System before and after one-week prednisone treatment (0.5 mg/(kg·d)) were evaluated. The response of glucocorticoid by the total endoscopic scores was estimated. According to the patient's reduced nasal polyp endoscopic score, patients were devided into nasal polyps insensitive to glucocorticoids treatment group (insensitive group) and nasal polyp sensitive to glucocorticoids treatment group (sensitive group). The expression of 11β-HSD1, 11β-HSD2 in nasal polyps were measured by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR), Western Blot and immunohistochemisty. According to the clinical data, the Logistic regression models and receiver operation characteristics (ROC) curves were used to explore the predictor for glucocorticoid response in CRSwNP. Results: The expression of 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD1/11β-HSD2 was higher in sensitive group than that of insensitive group, while the expression of 11β-HSD2 was lower (rank average was 26.08 vs 16.33, 27.24 vs 14.72, 18.66 vs 26.64, Z value was -2.511, 0.323, -2.059, respectively, all P<0.05). The endoscopic scores in CRSwNP group declined whereas the expression of 11β-HSD1/11β-HSD2 increased (r=0.528, P=0.001), while the cutoff value of the ratio of 11β-HSD1/11β-HSD2 was 2.290 (sensitivity was 79.17%, specificity was 88.89%). Conclusions: There is a positive correlation between the response of glucocorticoid and the ratio of 11β-HSD1/11β-HSD2, which could be used as a marker in predicting the level of tissue response to glucocorticoid therapy in CRSwNP.

Abstract P1-09-12: TP53 expression in relation to clinical and etiologic factors in breast cancer subtypes

TP53 is a well-known tumor suppressor gene and mutations in TP53 are the most frequent genomic event in most cancers including breast cancer. Recent studies have shown that the frequency, spectrum, timing, and clinical implications of TP53 mutations varied in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. For example, the frequency of TP53 mutations is the highest in basal-like subtype and lowest in luminal A tumors. However, the evaluation of TP53 protein expression, as a surrogate for TP53 mutations, in large studies in the context of tumor subtypes is limited. In addition, the etiologic relevance of TP53 expression is yet to be investigated. The goal of this study is to evaluate the association of clinical and breast cancer risk factors with TP53 expression, measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC), in breast cancer molecular subtypes. The analysis included 7,226 women with invasive breast cancer who were diagnosed and treated in a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. Subtypes were defined as Luminal A: ER+ and PR+, HER2–, and low grade (grades 1 or 2); luminal B/HER2–: ER+ and/or PR+, HER2–, and high grade (grade 3); luminal B/HER2+: ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+ (regardless of grade); HER2-enriched: ER–, PR–, and HER2+; Triple-negative (TN): ER–, PR–, and HER2–. As expected, positive TP53 staining showed the lowest frequency in the luminal A (46%) and highest in the TN (61%) and HER2-enriched (63%) subtypes (P-value &lt;0.001). Overall and particularly in luminal A patients, positive TP53 staining was associated with higher frequencies of aggressive tumor features such as higher grade, larger tumor size, higher proliferative index, and EGFR expression. Compared with TP53– patients, TP53+ patients were more likely to have younger ages at onset and increased parity, but these associations were largely driven by the luminal A subtype [OR (95% CI) vs nulliparity = 2.67 (1.59, 4.51); 2.63 (1.52, 4.55); 3.68 (2.01, 6.72) for 1, 2, and ≥3 children, respectively (P-trend = 0.006)]. Luminal A/TP53+ patients were also more likely to have breastfed [OR (95% CI) ever vs never = 1.38 (1.03, 1.85)] than luminal A/TP53– patients. These findings suggest that TP53 IHC staining might be used to further refine the classification of luminal A breast cancer into subgroups with distinct clinical and etiologic relevance.

Citation Format: Yang XR, Abubakar M, Guo C, Koka H, Sung H, Guida J, Deng J, Zhou B, Hu N, Lu N. TP53 expression in relation to clinical and etiologic factors in breast cancer subtypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-09-12.

Level of Organ Donation-Related Knowledge and Attitude and Willingness Toward Organ Donation Among a Group of University Students in Western China

BACKGROUND

This study aims at analyzing the levels of organ donation-related knowledge and attitude and willingness toward organ donation and identifying factors that might influence willingness in organ donation among a selected group of university students in western China.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study was performed among 1589 second-year students recruited by stratified cluster sampling from 5 universities in western China. The data were collected using a questionnaire survey.

RESULTS

In comparison with the general public in China, the participants of our survey are better informed with organ donation-related knowledge and are more positive toward organ donation and death and more willing to donate organs. However, willingness in organ donation (9.81%) and the actual organ donation rate (0.45%) are still relatively low. We find that the Chinese family plays a critical role in organ donation decision making (β = -1.849, odds ratio = 0.157, P < .001) and the upholding of willingness in organ donation (β = -0.695, odds ratio = 0.499, P < .05), which probably stems from the family-centered traditional values. Furthermore, a positive attitude toward death appears to be positively associated with willingness in organ donation (P < .05).

CONCLUSION

These findings highlight the urgent need of improved education and training in organ donation-related knowledge and the development of positive attitude toward death among the potential donors and their family members as well as the general public to raise the organ donation rate in this country.

[Investigation of hearing loss and speech recognition ability of the elderly and analysis of its high risk factors]

Objective: To investigate the hearing loss and speech disorders in the elderly, to analyze the risk factors of the elderly deafness, as well as to provide reference for the clinical research of the elderly deafness. Methods: From March 2016 to March 2018, 913 elderly people, who were tested for hearing and speech disorders, were examined by a unified questionnaire to investigate the demographic data of the subjects and the related factors of deafness, and the hearing and speech recognition tests were carried out. According to the hearing loss, the hearing impaired group was divided into the hearing impaired group (500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz, the average hearing threshold>25 dBHL) and the non hearing impaired group (the average hearing threshold of the four frequencies ≤25 dBHL), and then the single factor analysis and the unconditional Logistic regression analysis were used. Finally, the risk factors of senile deafness were analyzed. Results: Of the 913 elderly subjects in the survey, 389 (42.61%, 389/913) had no hearing impaired, 345 (37.79%, 345/913) were mild hearing impaired, and 149 (16.32%, 149/913) had moderate hearing loss. Twenty-six patients were severe hearing loss (2.85%, 26/913); 4 patients had severe hearing loss (0.44%, 4/913). Among the 524 hearing-impaired elderly, there were 244 speech-recognition disorders (46.56%, 244/524), of whom 106 were mild hearing-impaired, accounting for 30.72% (106/345), 108 were moderate hearing loss, accounting for 72.48% (108/149), 26 were severe hearing loss, accounting for 100% (26/26), and 4 were the profound hearing loss, accounting for 100% (4/4). Statistical analysis showed that the age, job status, history of hypertension, history of hyperglycemia, and smoking history were independent risk factors for senile hearing loss (P<0.05). Conclusions: High incidences of hearing and speech recognition obstacle are found in health examination for the elderly patients. Noise exposure, age, history of hypertension, high blood sugar, and smoking history are high-risk factors for senile deafness, therefore, prevention and rehabilitation programs are urgent to be developed.

Erratum: Observation of D^{0} Meson Nuclear Modifications in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 142301 (2014)]

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.142301.

[Pathogen spectrum in enteroviral infections among children in Beijing from 2010 to 2016]

Objective: To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of enterovirus (EV)-associated diseases among children in Beijing from 2010 to 2016. Methods: This was a repeated cross-sectional study. The throat swabs were collected from children with probable EV-associated diseases at the Children' s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics from 2010 to 2016. The samples were sent for pan-EV, enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) detection by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) . The viral types of non-EV-A71 and non-CV-A16 EV-positive samples were identified using modified RT-PCR and sequencing with CV-A6, EV-A/B group and 5 'UTR universal primers. The constituent ratios of the prevalence of different EV types in different age and gender groups were compared. Results: Of the 2 703 throat swabs, 1 992 (73.7%) samples were positive for EV, including EV-A71 (19.1%, 516/2 703), CV-A16 (24.3%, 658/2 703), CV-A6 (22.2%, 600/2 703), CV-A10 (4.5%, 122/2 703) and other types of EV (3.5%, 95/2 703). There was 1 case of EV-A71 and CV-A16 co-infection. The positive detection rate of EV-A group (excluding EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6 and CV-A10) increased from 11.3% (7/62) to 95.2% (59/62) after using the modified VP1-specific primers and PCR amplification conditions. During the period between 2010 and 2012, CV-A16 and EV-A71 predominated in EV-positive samples. However, CV-A6 accounted for 60.7% (68/112) in 2013, much higher than CV-A16 (23.2%, 26/112) and EV-A71 (12.5%, 14/112). In 2014, EVs were mainly of CV-A16 and EV-A71, but CV-A6 was the predominant type in 2015 (68.2%, 232/340) and in 2016 (38.6%, 151/391). The epidemic season of EVs was mostly from April to August, but CV-A6 showed a small epidemic peak from October to November. The male-to-female ratio of EV-positive patients was 1.50∶1, and EV-associated diseases mostly occurred in children under 5 years of age. Younger children were more susceptible to CV-A6 than to EV-A71 and CV-A16. Conclusions: From 2010 to 2016, there was a significant change in the spectrum of EVs in children with EV-associated diseases in Beijing. Since 2013, non-EV-A71 and non-CV-A16 increased, and CV-A6 gradually became one of the major pathogens of EV-associated diseases. The modified PCR primers and amplification conditions can effectively improve the reliability of test results.

Establishment and analysis of the prediction model for cervical squamous cell carcinoma

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to construct a prediction model for cervical squamous cell carcinoma and evaluate its accuracy in diagnosing cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Fifty patients with initially histopathologically confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 150 patients with initially histopathologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) were enrolled. The high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection, human telomerase mRNA component (hTERC) gene and cell-myc (c-myc) gene amplification, and minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5) protein expression were detected. The indicators related to cervical cancer were screened. The regression model was established to predict cervical squamous cell carcinoma with backward logistic stepwise regression method, and the accuracy of the model was evaluated.

RESULTS

Histograms for HR-HPV infection and viral load, hTERC and c-myc gene amplification, and MCM5 protein expression were constructed. There was a linear relationship between hTERC (X1), HR-HPV viral load (X2), MCM5 (X5) and the regression equation. Also, hTERC (X1), HR-HPV viral load (X2) and MCM5 (X5) were correlated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. The regression model Logit (p) = -66.283 + 0.042 X1 + 0.061 X2 + 0.052 X5 was established. The model-fitting effect and prediction accuracy were evaluated, HL test p = 1 (p > 0.05). The model fitting effect was good, Cox-Sn ell R2 was 0.643 and Nagelkerke R2 was 0.958. The high accuracy of the model was 98.5%.

CONCLUSIONS

The fitting-effect of the regression model established by hTERC gene expression, HR-HPV viral load and MCM5 protein was good. The prediction accuracy of the model for cervical squamous cell carcinoma was high. The combined test of hTERC gene amplification, HR-HPV viral load and MCM5 protein could be used to predict and evaluate cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

[Effect of different parts of skull thickness on stereotactic electroencephalogram in children]

Objective: To investigate the thickness of cranial bone in different parts of children skull during stereotactic electroencephalogram (SEEG) and its effect on electrode fixation. Methods: From October 2016 to March 2017, 13 children with SEEG by robot of surgery assistant (ROSA) were selected. The basic case information and electrode design scheme were collected. The skull thickness of each electrode channel was measured on post-operation CT, and the loosening of the fixed screws were recorded. The thickness of skull in frontal bone, temporal bone, parietal bone and occipital bone was statistically processed by SPSS statistical software. Results: There were total 113 electrodes in 13 children with epilepsy. There were 45 electrodes at frontal bone, of which the thickness was (5.7±2.8)mm. There were 34 electrodes at temporal bone, of which the thickness was (3.5±1.3)mm.There were 16 electrodes at parietal bone, of which the thickness was (6.0±2.5)mm.There were 18 electrodes at occipital bone, of which the thickness was (6.9±0.5)mm. Statistics showed that there was significant difference between differnt bone (F=15.340, P<0.01). There were 4 electrodes loosening, 1 at frontal bone and 3 at temporal bone, when the screws were removed. There was no adverse event related to the implantation of electrodes. Conclusions: The children's skull thickness is thinner than adults. The screw loosening is exist in some cases, but it has no effect on SEEG recording. No SEEG related adverse events are found in this group. Therefore, ROSA guided SEEG is safe and reliable in children with epilepsy.

Beam Energy Dependence of Jet-Quenching Effects in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV

We report measurements of the nuclear modification factor R_{CP} for charged hadrons as well as identified π^{+(-)}, K^{+(-)}, and p(p[over ¯]) for Au+Au collision energies of sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, and 62.4 GeV. We observe a clear high-p_{T} net suppression in central collisions at 62.4 GeV for charged hadrons which evolves smoothly to a large net enhancement at lower energies. This trend is driven by the evolution of the pion spectra but is also very similar for the kaon spectra. While the magnitude of the proton R_{CP} at high p_{T} does depend on the collision energy, neither the proton nor the antiproton R_{CP} at high p_{T} exhibit net suppression at any energy. A study of how the binary collision-scaled high-p_{T} yield evolves with centrality reveals a nonmonotonic shape that is consistent with the idea that jet quenching is increasing faster than the combined phenomena that lead to enhancement.

The Fate of In Situ Lens Regeneration is Determined by Capsulorhexis Size

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Lens regeneration is an optimal strategy for cataract patients to regain visual acuity with accommodation. We recently designed a novel, minimally invasive capsulorhexis surgical method for cataract removal that achieved functional lens regeneration in human infants. However, small anterior capsulorhexis requires advanced surgical expertise. To examine whether the quality of the regenerated lens can be maintained with enlarged anterior capsulorhexis, we investigated the shape and transparency of the regenerated lenses with different anterior capsulorhexis diameters (ACDs).

METHODS

Thirty-six 4-week-old New Zealand albino rabbits were randomly divided into three groups which underwent lens extraction with different ACDs (Group A: 2.0±0.5 mm, Group B: 4.0±0.5 mm, Group C: 6.0±0.5 mm). The anterior capsule opening area (ACOA) was quantified, and the morphology, weight, and histological characteristics of the regenerated lenses were examined.

RESULTS

Lens regeneration was observed in all three groups. In Group A, the regenerated lenses were relatively complete and transparent. In Groups B and C, the regenerated lenses were doughnut-shaped and opaque. The speed of lens regeneration in Group A was significantly faster than that in Groups B and C. The ACOA in Group A healed quickly and completely approximately 2 weeks after surgery. However, in Groups B and C, ACOA did not heal completely until 12 weeks after surgery. Histological examination showed that in Group A, most of the lens epithelial cells differentiated into well-organized lens fibers. However, in Groups B and C, the regenerated lens fibers were disorganized.

CONCLUSION

Capsulorhexis size is a critical determinant of integrity and transparency in lens regeneration.